Chapter III: Part II: XLV. the Great Southern Continent 389

XLVI. CAPTAIN COOK. BELLINGSHAUSEN 394

XLVII. THE SOUTH SHETLANDS. FOSTER. WEDDELL 398

XLVIII. ENDERBY AND HIS CAPTAINS: BISCOE--KEMPE--BALLENY 403

XLIX. DUMONT D’URVILLE AND WILKES 407

L. FIRST ANTARCTIC VOYAGE OF SIR JAMES ROSS 410

LI. SECOND ANTARCTIC VOYAGE OF SIR JAMES ROSS 418

LII. THIRD ANTARCTIC VOYAGE OF SIR JAMES ROSS 422

LIII. ANTARCTIC OCEANOGRAPHY 426

LIV. REVIVAL OF ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION 430

LV. PRIVATE EXPEDITIONS--BORCHGREVINK. GERLACHE.
NORDENSKIÖLD. BRUCE. DRYGALSKI. CHARCOT. FILCHNER 433

LVI. PREPARATIONS FOR THE SOCIETIES’ ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION 444

LVII. THE SOCIETIES’ ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. FIRST YEAR 455

LVIII. THE SOCIETIES’ ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. THE _MORNING_ 466

LIX. THE SOCIETIES’ ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. SECOND YEAR 471

LX. SHACKLETON’S ATTEMPT TO REACH THE POLE 478

LXI. AMUNDSEN’S JOURNEY TO THE SOUTH POLE 482

LXII. MAWSON’S EXPEDITION 486

LXIII. CAPTAIN SCOTT’S LAST EXPEDITION. I. 489

LXIV. CAPTAIN SCOTT’S LAST EXPEDITION. THE END 500

LXV. REMAINING ANTARCTIC WORK 505

CHRONOLOGY OF POLAR VOYAGES AND EXPLORATIONS 509

BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF POLAR VOYAGES AND TRAVELS 514

INDEX 519

MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

PORTRAIT OF SIR CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM, by George Henry, A.R.A.
(Photogravure by Mr Emery Walker from a photograph by Messrs
Cooper and Humphreys) FRONTISPIECE

MAP OF THE POLAR REGIONS 5

EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON ANTARCTIC ICE. (From Scott’s _Voyage of
the Discovery_) 11

INTERIOR OF GREENLAND HUT (_Billeder fra Grönland_, 1852) 22

GREENLANDERS DANCING (_Billeder fra Grönland_, 1852) 22

VIKING SHIP. (_Phot._ O. Vaering) 35

THE SOUTH-WESTERN EXTREMITY OF GREENLAND 40

RUINS IN KINGOA-DAL, SOUTH GREENLAND 48

THE ZENI MAP. (Based on the facsimile in _Voyages of the Zeni_,
Hakluyt Society, 1873) 54

ASTROLABE IN GONVILLE AND CAIUS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE (EARLY 14TH
CENTURY). (Venn, _Biographical History of Gonville and Caius
College_, vol. IV.) 57

WILLEM BARENTSZ. (De Vries, _Oud-Holland_) 69

NOVAYA ZEMLYA, SHOWING ENTRANCES TO KARA SEA 71

“A WONDER IN THE HEAVENS, AND HOW WE CAUGHT A BEAR.” (De Bry,
_India Orientalis_, 1599) 73

“HOW OUR SHIP STUCK FAST IN THE ICE.” (De Bry) 74

PART OF HONDIUS’S MAP OF 1611, SHOWING BARENTSZ’S DISCOVERIES
77

RELICS FROM BARENTSZ’S HUT. (From the National Museum,
Amsterdam, by kind permission of the Directorate) 79

“THE EXACT MANNER OF THE HOUSE WHEREIN WE WINTERED.” (De Bry)
79

SIR MARTIN FROBISHER. (Holland, _Heroologia_, 1620) 82

FROBISHER’S DISCOVERIES 87

THE VOYAGES OF JOHN DAVIS 97

MEMORIAL TABLET TO RICHARD HAKLUYT IN BRISTOL CATHEDRAL 111

PART OF NORTH-WEST SPITSBERGEN 120

SIR THOMAS BUTTON 136

BAFFIN’S MAP OF HUDSON STRAIT 139

BAFFIN’S DISCOVERIES 144

CAPTAIN THOMAS JAMES. (From _Voyages of Foxe and James_,
Hakluyt Society, 1894) 153

PART OF FOXE’S MAP, 1635 155

HUDSON BAY 167

ALEXANDER MACKENZIE. (From the engraving by Condé, after
Lawrence) 169

BERING’S VOYAGE FROM KAMSCHATKA TO NORTH AMERICA. (Synge, _A
Book of Discovery_) 178

NORTH-EASTERN SIBERIA 181

NORTH-WESTERN SIBERIA 181

THE PARRY ISLANDS 210

SIR JOHN FRANKLIN 239

FACSIMILE OF FRANKLIN EXPEDITION RECORD. (M’Clintock, _Fate of
Franklin_) 244

CRITICAL POSITION OF _H.M.S. INVESTIGATOR_ ON THE NORTH COAST
OF BARING ISLAND, AUG. 20TH, 1851. (Colour sketch by S.
Gurney Cresswell) 264

LIEUT CRESSWELL’S PARTY SLEDGING OVER HUMMOCKY ICE. (Colour
sketch by S. Gurney Cresswell) 268

JULIUS PAYER 290

LIEUT PARR, R.N., _H.M.S. Alert_. (_Phot._ Maull & Co.),
COMMANDER A. H. MARKHAM, R.N., _H.M.S. Alert_. (_Phot._
Elliott & Fry), SIR GEORGE NARES. (_Phot._ J. Griffin & Co.),
LIEUT P. ALDRICH, R.N., _H.M.S. Alert_. (_Phot._ F. Johnson),
LIEUT L. A. BEAUMONT, _H.M.S. Discovery_. (_Phot._ Elliott &
Fry) 302

SUB-LIEUT GEORGE LE CLERC EGERTON, R.N. (_Phot._ Elliott & Fry)
306

LIEUT WYATT RAWSON, R.N. (_Phot._ Maull & Co.) 306

THE _PANDORA_ (CAPTAIN ALLEN YOUNG) IN PEEL STRAIT 312

ADOLF ERIK NORDENSKIÖLD 332

EAST COAST OF GREENLAND. (Based on map in Mikkelsen, _Lost in
the Arctic_) 366

GREENLAND 377

ORTELIUS’ MAP OF THE WORLD 391

GRAHAM LAND AND SOUTH SHETLANDS 399

MT EREBUS FROM THE SOUTH. (From Scott’s _Voyage of the
Discovery_) 416

ADÉLIE PENGUINS (From Scott’s _Voyage_ _of the Discovery_) 456

EMPEROR PENGUIN WITH CHICK (From Scott’s _Voyage_ _of the
Discovery_) 456

CHASM SEPARATING ICE AND LAND IN LAT. 82° S. (From Scott’s
_Voyage of the Discovery_) 463

THE _MORNING_. (From Scott’s _Voyage of the Discovery_) 466

TYPICAL LOOSE PACK--MT MELBOURNE IN DISTANCE. (From Scott’s
_Voyage of the Discovery_) 480

A TILTED BERG, SHOWING THE OLD SURFACE INCLINED TO THE LEFT
(From Scott’s _Voyage_ _of the Discovery_) 492

TYPICAL BERGS--_TERRA NOVA_ IN DISTANCE (From Scott’s _Voyage_
_of the Discovery_) 492

EMPEROR PENGUIN ROOKERY, CAPE CROZIER. (From Scott’s _Voyage of
the Discovery_) 497

BARRIER BERG AGROUND OFF KING EDWARD VII LAND. (From Scott’s
_Voyage of the Discovery_) 507

Acknowledgement is due to Messrs Smith, Elder & Co. and Mr John Murray for permission to reproduce the illustrations from Scott’s _Voyage of the Discovery_, to Mr John Murray for permission to reproduce the facsimile of the Franklin Expedition Record; also to Mr William Heinemann for leave to use the map in Mikkelsen’s _Lost in the Arctic_, to Messrs T. C. & E. C. Jack for the block from Synge’s _A Book of Discovery_, and to the Hakluyt Society for the portrait of Thomas James.

ERRATUM

p. 100, line 4 from bottom:
_for_ Sunrise _read_ Sunshine