Chapter X: The Final Conflict (4)

Bailey, Theodorus, resigns from Senate, =3=, 121 _n._

Baily, Francis, on hardships of travel, =1=, 264 _n._.

Baker, John, Hite _vs._ Fairfax, =1=, 191, 193;
Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 188;
counsel for Burr, =3=, 407.

_Balaou._ _See_ _Exchange_.

Baldwin, ----, sedition trial, =3=, 42 _n._

Baldwin, ----, and Missouri question, =4=, 325.

Baldwin, Abraham, and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129.

Baldwin, Henry, practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._;
appointment to the Supreme Court, 510;
and M., 582;
and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583;
escort to M.'s body, 588.

Ball, Burgess, on M. at Valley Forge, =1=, 120.

Baltimore, in 1794, =1=, 263;
and policy of neutrality, =2=, 94 _n._;
proposed removal of Federal Capital to, =3=, 8;
public tumult over Burr trial, 529, 535-40.

Baltimore _Marylander_, on M. and election of 1828, =4=, 463.

Bancroft, George, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 270;
on M., =4=, 90.

Bangs, Edward, on Ratification contest, =1=, 341.

Bank of the United States,
first, Jefferson and Hamilton on constitutionality, =2=, 71-74;
hostility in Virginia, 84;
Virginia branch, 141;
M.'s investment, 199, 200;
as monopoly, =3=, 336, 338;
success, =4=, 171;
continued opposition, 171-73;
failure of recharter, machinations of State banks, 173-76.

Bank of the United States, second, charter, =4=, 179, 180;
and Localism, 191;
early mismanagement, 196;
its demands on State banks and reforms force crisis, 197-99;
early popular hostility, blamed for economic conditions, 198, 199,
206, 312;
movement to destroy through State taxation, 206-08;
attempt to repeal charter (1819), 288, 289;
Bonus Bill, 417, 418;
success and continued hostility to, 528, 529;
Mason affair, 529;
Jackson's war on, veto of recharter, 529-33;
Biddle's conduct, 529 _n._;
as monopoly, 531;
as issue in 1832, 532 _n._, 533;
M. on Jackson's war, 533, 535;
Jackson's withdrawal of deposits, 535.
_See also_ next title, and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland; Osborn _vs._
Bank.

Bank of the United States _vs._ Dandridge, =4=, 482, 483.

Bank of Virginia, M. and, =2=, 174;
political power, =4=, 174;
refuses to redeem notes, 194.

Banking, effects of chaos (1818), =4=, 170, 171;
mania for State banks, their character and issues, 176-79, 181, 188;
and war finances, 177, 179;
and speculation, 181-84;
frauds, 184, 185;
resulting suits, 185, 198;
lack of regulation, 186;
private, 192;
depreciation of notes, no specie redemption, 192-95;
counterfeits, 195;
Bank of the United States forces crisis, 197-99;
distress, 204-06.
_See also_ preceding titles.

Bankruptcy, M. and National act, =2=, 481, 482;
lax State laws and fraud, =4=, 200-03.
_See also_ Ogden _vs._ Saunders; Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield.

Bannister, John, resigns from Council of State, =1=, 209.

Barbary Powers, M. and protection from, =2=, 499;
general tribute to, 499 _n._;
Eaton and war, =3=, 302 _n._, 303 _n._

Barbecue Club. _See_ Quoit Club.

Barbour, James, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._;
counsel in Cohens _vs._ Virginia, =4=, 346;
on Missouri question, 341.

Barbour, Philip P., in debate on Supreme Court, =4=, 395;
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 484;
in debate on State Judiciary, 494;
in debate on suffrage, 502 _n._;
appointment to Supreme Court, 584 _n._

Barlow, Joel, seditious utterances, =3=, 30;
to write Republican history of the United States, 228, 229, 265,
266;
and Decree of St. Cloud, =4=, 36, 50.

Barrett, Nathaniel, and Ratification, =1=, 342, 349.

Barron, James, _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, =3=, 475.

Bartlett, Ichabod, counsel in Dartmouth College case, =4=, 234.

Bassett, Richard, and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129.

Bastrop lands. _See_ Washita.

Batture litigation, =4=, 100-16.

Bayard, James A., on hardships of travel, =1=, 260;
on French Revolution, =2=, 32 _n._;
and Jonathan Robins case, 460;
on Adams's temperament, 488 _n._;
opposition to Adams, 517 _n._;
on Jefferson-Burr contest, 536, 545 _n._, 546 _n._;
on Washington (1804), =3=, 5 _n._;
on Federalists and Judiciary debate (1802), 71;
in debate, 72, 79-83;
appearance, 78;
on bill on sessions of Supreme Court, 95, 96;
on test of repeal of Judiciary Act, 123 _n._;
on Jefferson and impeachment plan, 160;
on Chase impeachment, 173;
and Chase trial, 185 _n._;
and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 347;
on J. Q. Adams's Burr Conspiracy report, 544.

Bayard _vs._ Singleton, =3=, 611.

Bayly, Thomas M., on M., =4=, 489 _n._

Beard, Charles A., on character of Framers, =1=, 255 _n._

Beaumarchais, Pierre A. Caron de, mortgage on M.'s land, =2=, 173;
American debt to, and X. Y. Z. Mission, 292-94, 310, 314 _n._,
317-20, 332, 366 _n._;
history of debt, 292 _n._

Bedford, Gunning, Jr.,
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, =3=, 115 _n._

Bee, Thomas, Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 458.

Beer Co. _vs._ Massachusetts, =4=, 279 _n._

Begon, Dennis M., _Exchange_ case, =4=, 122.

Belknap, Morris P., testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 490.

Bell, Samuel, and Dartmouth College case, =4=, 234, 253 _n._

Bellamy, ----,
as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 261-67, 272, 278, 293, 294.

Bellamy, Joseph, and Wheelock, =4=, 227.

Belligerency, of revolting provinces, =4=, 126-28.

Bellini, Charles, professor at William and Mary, =1=, 155 _n._

Bentham, Jeremy, and Burr, =3=, 537 _n._

Benton, Thomas H., duelist, =3=, 278 _n._;
counsel in Craig _vs._ Missouri, =4=, 512.

Berkeley, Sir William, M. on, =3=, 242 _n._

Berlin Decree, =4=, 6 _n._

Berrien, John M., practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._

Beverly, Munford, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._

Biddeford, Me., and Ratification, =1=, 340.

Biddle, Nicholas, management of the Bank, =4=, 529;
conduct, 529 _n._

Biddle, Richard. _See_ Green _vs._ Biddle.

Bill of Rights, and Virginia's extradition act (1784), =1=, 238-41;
and National Government, 239;
contest over lack of Federal, 334, 439;
first ten Federal amendments, =2=, 57-59.
_See also_ Government.

Bingham, William, wealth, =2=, 202 _n._

Binghamton Bridge case, =4=, 280 _n._

Biography of Washington,
M. undertakes, financial motive, =2=, 211 _n._, =3=, 223, 224;
importance in life of M., 223;
estimate of financial return, negotiations with publishers, 224-27;
agreement, 227, 228;
delay in beginning, 227, 235;
M.'s desire for anonymity, 228, 236, 237;
Jefferson's plan to offset, 228, 229, 265, 266;
solicitation of subscriptions, postmasters as agents, 230, 234;
Weems as agent, popular distrust, 230-34, 252;
small subscription, 235;
list of subscribers, 235 _n._;
financial problem, change in contract, 236, 250, 251;
problems of composition, delay and prolixity, 236-39, 241, 246-49,
251;
publication of first two volumes, 239;
M. and praise and criticism, 240, 241, 245-47, 271;
revised edition, 241, 247, 247 _n._, 272;
character of first volumes, 242-45, 249;
royalty, 247, 251;
mistake in plan, compression of vital formative years, 249,
250, 258;
volumes on American Revolution, 253-56;
without political effect, 256, 257;
character of final volume (1783-99), 257-65;
Federalists on last volume, 265;
Jefferson on biography, 265-69;
other criticism, 269-71;
edition for school-children, 273 _n._

Bishop, Abraham, pamphlet on Yazoo lands, =3=, 570.

Bissel, Daniel, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 361, 462.

Black, George, practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._

Blackstone, Sir William, M. and Commentaries, =1=, 56.

_Blackwood's Magazine_, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 271.

Blain, ----, and Attorney-Generalship, =2=, 132.

Blair, John, Commonwealth _vs._ Caton, =3=, 611.

Blair, John D., at Barbecue Club, =2=, 183.

Bland, Theodoric, on Randolph's apostasy (1788), =1=, 378.

Blennerhassett, Harman, beginning of Burr's connection, =3=, 291;
joins enterprise, 301, 310, 313;
newspaper letters, 311;
island as center, gathering there, 324, 425-27, 484, 488-91;
attack by militia, flight, 325;
joins Burr, 361;
indicted for treason, 465;
on Martin's intemperance, 501 _n._;
attempt to seduce, 514;
_nolle prosequi_, 515, 524;
on Wilkinson at trial, 523 _n._;
on Jefferson's hatred of M., 525;
commitment for trial in Ohio, 527;
on M., 528, 531;
and Baltimore mob, 538;
Wirt's speech on, 616-18.
_See also_ Burr Conspiracy.

Blennerhassett, Mrs. Harman, warns Burr, =3=, 316.

Blockade, M.'s protest on paper, =2=, 511.

Blomfield, Samuel, =1=, 23 _n._

Bloomington, Ohio, bank (1820), =4=, 192 _n._

Boarding-houses at Washington (1801), =3=, 2, 7.

Bollmann, Justus E., takes Burr's letter to Wilkinson, =3=, 307;
career, 307 _n._
arrested, 332, 334;
brought to Washington, 343;
held for trial, 344-46;
discharged by Supreme Court, 346-57;
interview with Jefferson, Jefferson's violation of faith, 391, 392;
question of evidence and pardon, 392, 430, 431, 450-54;
not indicted, 466 _n._

Bonus Bill, Madison's veto, =4=, 418;
further attempt, 419.

Boone, Daniel, and British debts, =1=, 229 _n._

Boston, Jacobin enthusiasm, =2=, 35, 36;
protest on Jay Treaty, 115, 116;
Yazoo land speculation, =3=, 567.

Boston _Columbian Centinel_. _See_ _Columbian Centinel_.

_Boston Commercial Gazette_, on obligation of contracts, =3=, 558.

_Boston Daily Advertiser_,
on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 254 _n._, 255 _n._

_Boston Gazette_, on bribery in Ratification, =1=, 353 _n._;
on French Revolution, =2=, 5.

_Boston Gazette-Commercial and Political_,
on Republican Party (1799), =3=, 12.

_Boston Independent Chronicle_, on the Cincinnati, =1=, 293;
on Publicola papers, =2=, 19;
seditious utterances, =3=, 43-46;
on repeal of Judiciary Act, 94, 99;
on Marbury _vs._ Madison and impeachment, 112 _n._, 113 _n._

_Boston Palladium_, on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 93;
threatens secession, 97.

Botetourt, Lord, fate of Virginia statue, =2=, 35.

Botta, Carlo G. G., Jefferson on history, =3=, 266.

Botts, Benjamin, counsel for Burr, =3=, 407;
and motion to commit Burr for treason, 415, 424;
on subpoena to Jefferson, 438;
on overt act, 497-500;
on popular hatred, 516.

Boudinot, Elias, on Adams for Chief Justice, =2=, 554.

Bowles, William A., M. and activity, =2=, 497-99.

Bowman _vs._ Middleton, =3=, 612.

Boyce, Robert, suit, =4=, 478.

Boyce _vs._ Anderson, =4=, 478.

Brackenridge, Hugh H., and Addison, =3=, 47 _n._

Braddock, Edward, defeat, =1=, 2-5;
reputation, 2 _n._;
effect of defeat on colonists, 5, 6, 9.

Bradford, William, Attorney-General, death, =2=, 122, 123.

Bradley, Stephen R., and Pickering impeachment, =3=, 168 _n._
at Chase trial, 183 _n._;
votes to acquit Chase, 218, 219.

Braintree, Mass., denounces lawyers, =3=, 23 _n._

Brandywine campaign, =1=, 93-98.

Brearly, David, Holmes _vs._ Walton, =3=, 611.

Breckenridge, John,
and Kentucky Resolutions, =2=, 398, 398 _n._, =3=, 58 _n._;
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, 58, 59, 66, 68-70;
Attorney-General, 58 _n._

Brig Wilson _vs._ United States, =4=, 428, 429.

Bright, Michael, and Olmstead case, =4=, 21.

Brightwell, Theodore, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 367.

Brigstock, William, case, =2=, 464.

Briscoe _vs._ Bank of Kentucky,
facts, currency of State-owned bank, =4=, 582;
equal division of Supreme Court, 583, 584;
State upheld, Story voices M.'s dissent, 584 _n._

British debts,
conditions and controversy in Virginia, =1=, 215, 223-31;
amount in Virginia, 295 _n._;
in Ratification debate, 441, 444, 464;
before Federal courts, Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 83, 186-92;
in Jay Treaty, 114, 121 _n._;
disruption of commission on, 500-02;
M. on disruption and compromise, 502-05;
settlement, =3=, 103.

Brockenbrough, John, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._;
political control, =4=, 174;
and redemption of his bank's notes, 194;
and stock of Bank of the United States, 318.

Brooks, John, and Ratification, =1=, 347 _n._

Broom, James M., and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 358.

Brown, Adam, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 411.

Brown, Alexander. _See_ Brown _vs._ Maryland.

Brown, Ethan A., counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 385.

Brown, Francis, elected President of Dartmouth, =4=, 229;
and Kent, 258 _n._

Brown, Henry B., on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 280.

Brown, John, of R.I., and slave trade (1800), =2=, 449.

Brown, John, of Va. and Ky., on lack of patriotism (1780), =1=, 157;
on Wythe as professor, 158;
dinner to, =2=, 131 _n._;
and Pickering impeachment, =3=, 168 _n._;
Indiana Canal Company, 291 _n._;
and Burr conspiracy, 292.

Brown, Noah, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 411.

Brown _vs._ Maryland, facts, =4=, 454;
counsel, 455;
M.'s opinion, 455-59;
State license on importers an import duty, 455-57;
and a regulation of foreign commerce, 457-59;
as precedent, 459, 460.

Bruff, James, testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 523 _n._

Bryan, George, and Centinel letters, =1=, 335 _n._

Bryan, Joseph, and Randolph, =3=, 566.

Buchanan, J., Barbecue Club, =2=, 183.

Buchanan, James, and attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 515.

Bullitt, William M., book of M.'s possessed by, =1=, 186 _n._

Burford, _ex parte_, =3=, 154 _n._

Burgess, John W., on revolutionary action of Framers, =1=, 323 _n._

Burke, Ædanus, and the Cincinnati, =1=, 293;
shipwrecked, =3=, 55 _n._

Burke, Edmund, on French Revolution, =2=, 10-12.

Burling, Walter, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 329.

Burnaby, Andrew, plea for reunion with England, =1=, 130, 131.

Burr, Aaron, and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 281;
suppresses Wood's book, 380 _n._;
and Hamilton's attack on Adams, 528;
character, and appearance, 535, =3=, 371, 372;
presides over Senate, 67;
and repeal of Judiciary Act, personal effect, 67, 68 _n._, 279;
and Pickering impeachment, 168 _n._;
arranges Senate for Chase trial, 179 _n._;
as presiding officer of trial, 180, 183, 218, 219;
effort of Administration to conciliate, 181;
farewell address to Senate, 274;
plight on retirement from Vice-Presidency, 276-78, 285;
Hamilton's pursuit, 277 _n._;
the duel, 278 _n._;
Jefferson's hostility, isolation, 279, 280;
toast on Washington's birthday, 280;
candidacy for Governor, 281;
and Federalist secession plots, 281;
and Manhattan Company charter, 287 _n._;
gratitude to Jackson, 405;
later career, 537 _n._, 538 _n._;
and Martin, 538 _n._;
death, monument, 538 _n._;
report on Yazoo lands, 570.
_See also_ Burr Conspiracy; Elections (_1800_).

Burr, Levi, _ex parte_, =3=, 537 _n._

Burr conspiracy, and life of M., =3=, 275;
Burr's plight on retirement from Vice-Presidency, 276-78;
Jefferson's hostility and isolation of Burr, 279-81;
Burr and Federalist Secessionists, 281;
West and Union, 282-84;
popular desire to free Spanish America, 284, 286;
expected war with Spain, 285;
West as field for rehabilitation of Burr, 286;
his earlier proposal to invade Spanish America, 286;
Burr's intrigue with Merry, real purpose, 287-90, 299;
first western trip, 290;
conference with Dayton, 290;
Wilkinson's connection, he proposes Mexican invasion, 290, 294,
297, 460;
and Blennerhassett, 291;
conference at Cincinnati, 291;
in Kentucky, 291, 296;
plan for Ohio River canal, 291 _n._;
in Tennessee, Jackson's relationship, 292-96;
Burr and Tennessee seat in House, 292;
no proposals for disunion, 292, 297, 303, 312;
invasion of Mexico, contingent on war, 292 _n._, 294-96, 298,
301-03, 306-09, 312, 313, 319, 460-62, 523, 527;
settlement of Washita lands, 292 _n._, 303, 310, 312, 313, 314 _n._,
319, 324 _n._, 361 _n._, 362, 461, 462, 523, 527;
Burr at New Orleans, 294, 295;
disunion rumors, Spanish source, 296, 298, 299;
Wilkinson plans to abandon Burr, 298, 300 _n._, 320;
Casa Yrujo intrigue, purpose, 300, 300 _n._;
and Miranda's plans, 300, 301, 306, 308;
hopes, 301, 302;
Wilkinson on frontier, expected to precipitate war, 302, 307,
308, 314;
Burr requests diplomatic position, 302;
Burr's conferences with Truxton and Decatur, 302, 303;
and with Eaton, Eaton's report of it, 303-05, 307, 345;
Jefferson and reports of plans, 305, 310, 315, 317, 323, 338 _n._;
Burr's letter to Jackson for military preparation, 306;
Burr begins second journey, 307, 309;
cipher letter to Wilkinson by Swartwout and Bollmann, 307-09,
614, 615;
Morgan visit, report of it to Jefferson, 309, 310;
Blennerhassett's enthusiasm, his newspaper letters mentioning
disunion, 310, 311;
gathering at his island, 311, 324, 325, 425-27, 484, 488-91;
recruits, 311, 313, 324, 326, 360;
Wilkinson's letters to Adair and Smith, 314;
renewal of disunion reports, 315, 316;
Burr denies disunion plans, 316, 318 _n._, 319, 326;
arrest and release of Burr in Kentucky, 317-19;
Administration's knowledge of Burr's plans, 318 _n._;
Wilkinson and Swartwout, 320, 465;
Wilkinson's revelations to Jefferson, 321-23, 334, 341, 352-56;
Jefferson's action on revelations, proclamation against expedition,
324, 327;
seizure of supplies, 324;
militia attack on Blennerhassett's island, flight of gathering
there, 325;
Burr afloat, 326, 360-62;
popular belief in disunion plan, 327;
Wilkinson's pretended terror, 328;
his appeal for funds to Viceroy, 329;
and to Jefferson, 330;
his reign of terror at New Orleans, 330-37;
Jefferson's Annual Message on, 337;
mystery and surmises at Washington, 338;
House demand for information, 339;
Special Message declaring Burr guilty, 339-41;
effect of message on public opinion, 341;
Wilkinson's prisoners brought to Washington, 343, 344;
Swartwout and Bollmann held for trial, 344-46;
payment of Eaton's claim, 345 _n._;
Supreme Court writ of habeas corpus for Swartwout and Bollmann, 346;
attempt of Congress to suspend privilege of writ, 346-48;
discharge of Swartwout and Bollmann, M.'s opinion, 348-57;
constitutional limitation of treason, 349-51;
necessity of overt act, 351, 442;
presence at overt act, effect of misunderstanding of M.'s opinion,
350, 414 _n._, 484, 493, 496, 502, 504-13, 540, 619-26;
lack of evidence of treasonable design, 353-56, 377-79, 388;
Judiciary and Administration and public opinion, 357, 376, 388;
House debate on Wilkinson's conduct, 358-60;
Burr's assembly on island at mouth of Cumberland, 361;
boats, 361 _n._;
Burr in Mississippi, grand jury refuses to indict him, 363-65;
release refused, flight and military arrest, 365-68, 374;
taken to Richmond, 368-70;
M.'s warrant for civil arrest, 370;
preliminary hearing before M., 370, 372, 379;
Burr and M. contrasted, 371, 372;
bail question, 372, 379, 380, 423, 424, 429, 516;
Burr's statement at hearing, 374;
M.'s opinion, commits for high misdemeanor only, 375-79;
M.'s conduct and position at trials, 375, 397, 404, 407, 408,
413 _n._, 421, 423, 480, 494, 517, 526;
public opinion, appeal to it, Jefferson as prosecutor, 374, 379-91,
395-97, 401, 406, 411, 413, 414, 416-22, 430-32, 435, 437,
439, 441, 471, 476, 477, 479, 480, 497 _n._, 499, 499 _n._,
503, 516 _n._;
M.'s reflection on Jefferson's conduct, 376;
collection of evidence, time question, 378, 385-90, 415, 417, 418,
425, 473;
Wilkinson's attendance awaited, 383, 393, 415, 416, 429, 431, 432,
440;
supposed overt acts, 386 _n._;
money spent by Administration, 391, 423;
Jefferson's violation of faith with Bollmann, 391, 392;
pardons for informers, 392, 393;
Dunbaugh's evidence, 393, 427, 462, 463;
development of Burr support at Richmond, 393, 415, 470, 478, 479;
M. and Burr at Wickham's dinner, 394-97;
appearance of court, crowd, 398-400;
M. on difficulty of fair trial, 401;
Jackson's denunciation of Jefferson and Wilkinson, 404, 405, 457;
Burr's conduct and appearance in court, 406, 408, 456, 457, 479,
481, 499, 518;
Burr's counsel, 407, 428;
prosecuting attorneys, 407;
M. and counsel, 408;
selection of grand jury, 408-13, 422;
Burr's demand for equal rights, 413, 414, 418;
instruction of grand jury, 413-15, 442, 451;
Hay's reports to Jefferson, 415, 431;
new motion to commit for treason, 415-29;
Jefferson and publication of evidence, 422, 515;
legal order of proof, 424, 484-87;
conduct of Eaton at Richmond, 429;
Bollmann and pardon, 430, 431, 450-54;
demand for Wilkinson's letter to Jefferson, subpoena _duces tecum_,
433-47, 450, 454-56, 518-22;
M.'s admonition to counsel, 439;
M.'s statement on prosecution's expectation of conviction, 447-49;
Wilkinson's arrival, conduct and testimony, just escapes indictment,
456, 457, 463, 464;
testimony before grand jury, 458-65;
indictment of Burr and Blennerhassett for treason and misdemeanor,
465, 466;
other indictments, 466 _n._;
attacks on Wilkinson, 471-75, 477;
confinement of Burr, 474, 478, 479;
selection of petit jury, 475, 481-83;
M. seeks advice of Justices on treason, 480;
Hay's opening statement, 484;
testimony on Burr's expressions, 487, 488;
on overt act, 488-91;
argument of proof of overt act, 491-504;
unprecedented postponement, 494;
Wirt's famous passage, 497, 616-18;
poison hoax, 499 _n._;
irrelevant testimony, 512, 515, 542;
attacks on M., threats of impeachment, Jefferson's Message, 500,
501, 503, 516, 525, 530-35, 540;
judgment of law and fact, 500, 531;
irregular verdict of not guilty, 513, 514;
prosecution's advances to Blennerhassett and others, 514 _n._;
_nolle prosequi_, 515, 524;
reception of verdict in Richmond, 517;
trial for misdemeanor, 522-24;
commitment for trial in Ohio, 524, 527, 528, 531 _n._;
Burr's anger at M., 524, 528;
and Daveiss's pamphlet, 525;
Burr on drawn battle, 527;
prosecution dropped, 528;
M. on trial, 530;
Baltimore mob, 535-40;
bibliography, 538 _n._;
attempt to amend law of treason, 540;
attempt to expel Senator Smith, Adams's report, 540-44.

Burrill, James, Jr., on bankruptcy frauds, =4=, 202.

Burwell, Rebecca, and Jefferson, =1=, 149.

Burwell, William A.,
and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), =3=, 348.

Butchers' Union _vs._ Crescent City, =4=, 279 _n._

Butler, Elizur, arrest by Georgia, =4=, 548;
pardoned, 552 _n._
_See also_ Worcester _vs._ Georgia.

Byrd, William, library, =1=, 25.

Cabell, Benjamin W. S.,
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 500.

Cabell, Joseph, at William and Mary, =1=, 159.

Cabell, Joseph C., grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._;
on Swartwout, 465.

Cabell, William, at William and Mary, =1=, 159;
in the Legislature, 203;
and Henry-Randolph quarrel, 407 _n._

Cabell, William H.,
opinion in Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, =4=, 158-60.

Cabinet, dissensions in Washington's, =2=, 82;
changes in Washington's, his offers to M., 122-25, 147;
disruption of Adams's, 485-88;
M.'s appointment as Secretary of State, 486, 489-91, 493;
Republican comment on Adams's reorganized, 491;
salaries (1800), 539 _n._

Cabot, George, on democratic clubs, =2=, 38;
on policy of neutrality, 94 _n._;
and M. (1796), 198;
on Gerry, 364, 366;
on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, 391-93;
on reopening of French negotiations, 424, 426;
on M. in Congress, 432;
on Adams and Hamiltonians, 488;
on M. as Secretary of State, 492;
opposition to Adams, 517 _n._;
in defeat, =3=, 11;
on Republican success, 11;
political character, 11 _n._;
on attack on Judiciary, 98;
on protest on repeal of Judiciary Act, 123 _n._;
on Louisiana Purchase, 150;
and secession, 152;
and Hartford Convention, =4=, 52;
and Story, 98.

Calder _vs._ Bull, =3=, 612.

Caldwell, Elisha B., Supreme Court sessions in house, =4=, 130.

Calhoun, John C., and War of 1812, =4=, 29;
Bonus Bill, 417;
Exposition, 538;
and non-intercourse with tariff States, 538 _n._

Call, Daniel, as lawyer, =1=, 173;
M.'s neighbor, =2=, 171;
counsel in Hunter _vs._ Fairfax's Devisee, =4=, 151.

Callender, James T., on M.'s address (1798), =2=, 405;
on M.'s campaign, 409;
later attacks on M., 541 _n._, 556, 560 _n._;
trial for sedition, =3=, 36-41, 189-96, 202-05, 214;
proposed public appropriation for, 38 _n._;
popular subscription, 38 _n._;
pardoned, 40 _n._

Camillus letters, =2=, 120.

Campbell, Alexander, as lawyer, =1=, 173;
and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, =2=, 151, 152;
Ware _vs._ Hylton, 188, 189, 192;
Hunter _vs._ Fairfax's Devisee, 207;
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 501 _n._

Campbell, Archibald, as M.'s instructor, =1=, 57;
as Mason, =2=, 176.

Campbell, Charles, on frontier (1756), =1=, 7 _n._

Campbell, George W., argument in Chase trial, =3=, 198;
on Burr conspiracy, 339.

Campbell, William, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 492.

Campo Formio, Treaty of, M. on, =2=, 271;
and X. Y. Z. Mission, 272, 273.

Canal, Burr's plan for, on Ohio River, =3=, 291 _n._
_See also_ Internal Improvements.

Canning, George, letter to Pinkney, =4=, 23.

Capital, Federal, deal on assumption and location, =2=, 63, 64;
proposed removal to Baltimore, =3=, 8.
_See also_ District of Columbia; Washington, D.C.

Capitol, of Virginia (1783), =1=, 200;
Federal, in 1801, =3=, 1, 2;
religious services there, 7 _n._;
quarters for Supreme Court, 121 _n._

Card playing in Virginia, =1=, 177 _n._

Carlisle, Pa., Ratification riot, =1=, 334.

Carr, Dabney, and Cherokee Indians controversy, =4=, 542.

Carrington, Edward, supports Jay Treaty, =2=, 121;
and M.'s advice on Cabinet positions, 124-26, 132;
on Virginia and Jay Treaty, 131, 132, 134, 137, 138 _n._, 142, 143;
inaccuracy of reports to Washington, 131 _n._;
and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, 149, 154;
M.'s neighbor, 171;
verdict in Burr trial, =3=, 513, 514.

Carrington, Eliza (Ambler), on Arnold's invasion, =1=, 144 _n._;
on first and later impressions of M., 150-54;
on Richmond in, 1780, 165;
M.'s sympathy, 188;
on prevalence of irreligion, 221;
on attacks on M.'s character, =2=, 101, 102;
on Mrs. Marshall's invalidism, 371 _n._;
M.'s sister-in-law, =4=, 67 _n._

Carrington, Paul, as Judge, =1=, 173, =4=, 148;
candidacy for Ratification Convention, =1=, 359.

Carroll, Charles, opposition to Adams, =2=, 517 _n._;
on Hamilton's attack on Adams, 528 _n._

Carter, John, and tariff, =4=, 384 _n._, 536.

Carter, Robert, landed estate, =1=, 20 _n._;
character, 21 _n._;
library, 25.

Cary, Mary, courtship, =1=, 150 _n._

Cary, Wilson M., on M.'s ancestry, =1=, 15.

Casa Yrujo, Marqués de, and Burr, =3=, 289, 296 _n._, 300;
on Wilkinson, 320 _n._

Cecil County, Md., and Burr trial, =3=, 479 _n._

Centinel letters in opposition to Federal Constitution, =1=, 335-37;
probable authors, 335 _n._

Centralization. _See_ Nationalism.

Chancery. _See_ Equity.

Chandler, John, case, =3=, 130 _n._

Channing, Edward, on Washington, =1=, 121;
on origin of Kentucky Resolutions, =2=, 398 _n._;
on attacks on neutral trade, =4=, 7 _n._;
on purpose of Orders in Council, 12 _n._;
on Minister Jackson, 23 _n._;
on causes of War of 1812, 29 _n._

Chapman, H., on opposition to Ratification, =1=, 338.

Chapman, Nathaniel, on death of M., =4=, 588.

Charleston, S.C., Jacobin enthusiasm, =2=, 35.

Charters. _See_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward.

Chase, Samuel, and Adams, =2=, 495 _n._;
and common-law jurisdiction, =3=, 28 _n._;
conduct in sedition trials, 33, 36, 41;
Fries trial, 35;
on the stump, 47;
on declaring acts void, 117, 612;
House impeaches, 169;
anti-Republican charge to grand jury, 169, 170;
arousing of public opinion against, 171;
articles of impeachment, 171, 172;
despair of Federalists, 173;
effect of Yazoo frauds on trial, 174;
opening of trial, 175;
arrangement of Senate, 179, 180;
Burr as presiding officer, efforts of Administration to win him,
180-83;
seat for Chase, 183;
appearance, 184;
career, 184 _n._, 185 _n._;
counsel, 185;
Randolph's opening speech, 187-89;
testimony, 189-92;
M. as witness, 192-96;
Giles-Randolph conferences, 197;
argument of Manager Early, 197;
of Manager Campbell, 198;
of Hopkinson, 198-200;
indictable or political offense, 199, 200, 202, 207-13;
arguments of Key and Lee, 201;
of Martin, 201-06;
trial as precedent, 201;
trial as political affair, 206;
argument of Manager Nicholson, 207-10;
of Manager Rodney, 210-12;
and Chief Justiceship, 211 _n._;
argument of Manager Randolph, 212;
Randolph's praise of M., 214-16;
trial and secession, 217;
vote and acquittal, 217-20;
trial as crisis, 220;
effect on Republicans, 220-22;
on M., 222;
Chase and Swartwout and Bollmann case, 349 _n._;
and Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 585 _n._;
death, =4=, 60.

Chastellux, Marquis de, on William and Mary, =1=, 156 _n._;
on hardships of travel, 262;
on drinking, =2=, 102 _n._

Chatham, Earl of, fate of Charleston statue, =2=, 35.

Checks and balances of Federal Constitution,
Ratification debate on, =1=, 389, 417;
and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, =3=, 60, 61, 65.
_See also_ Division of powers; Government; Separation of powers;
Union.

Cherokee Indians, power, =3=, 553;
origin of Georgia contest, =4=, 539, 540;
Jackson's attitude, 540, 541, 547, 548, 551;
first appeal to Supreme Court, 541;
popular interest and political involution, 541, 548;
and removal, 541;
monograph on contest, 541 _n._;
Tassels incident, Georgia's defiance of Supreme Court, 542-44;
Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia, Georgia ignores, 544;
M.'s opinion, Cherokees not a foreign nation, 544-46;
M.'s rebuke of Jackson, 546;
dissent from opinion, 546 _n._;
origin of Worcester _vs._ Georgia, arrest of missionaries, 547, 548;
Georgia refuses to appear before Court, 548;
counsel, 549;
M.'s opinion, no State control over Indians, 549-51;
mandate of Court ignored, 551;
final defiance of Court, Graves case, 552 _n._;
removal of Indians, 552 _n._

Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia. _See_ Cherokee Indians.

_Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, Jefferson and, =3=, 475-77, =4=, 9.

Chester, Elisha W., counsel in Worcester _vs._ Georgia, =4=, 549.

Cheves, Langdon, and War of 1812, =4=, 29.

Children, M.'s fondness for, =4=, 63.

Chisholm _vs._ Georgia, =2=, 83 _n._, =3=, 554 _n._

Choate, Rufus, on Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 101;
on Webster's tribute to Dartmouth, =4=, 248.

Choctaw Indians, power, =3=, 553.

Christie, Gabriel, and slavery, =2=, 450.

Church ----, and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 254.

_Cincinnati_, first steamboat, =4=, 403 _n._

Cincinnati, Order of the, popular prejudice against, =1=, 292-94.

Cipher, necessity of use, =1=, 266 _n._

Circuit Courts, Supreme Court Justices in, =3=, 55, 56;
rights of original jurisdiction, =4=, 386.
_See also_ Judiciary; Judiciary Act of 1801.

Circuit riders, work, =4=, 189 _n._

Citizenship, Virginia bill (1783), =1=, 208.
_See also_ Naturalization.

Civil rights, lack, =3=, 13 _n._
_See also_ Bill of Rights.

Civil service, M. and office-seekers, =2=, 494;
Adams and partisan appointments, =3=, 81;
Jefferson's use of patronage, 81 _n._, 208.
_See also_ Religious tests.

Claiborne, William C. C.,
and election of Jefferson, reward, =3=, 81 _n._;
and Wilkinson and Burr conspiracy, 326, 331, 363, 366;
and Livingston, =4=, 102;
and steamboat monopoly, 414.

Clark, Daniel, and Burr, =3=, 294, 295;
and disunion rumors, 296.

Clark, Eugene F., acknowledgment to, =4=, 233 _n._

Clark, George Rogers, surveyor, =1=, 210 _n._;
Indiana Canal Company, =3=, 291 _n._

Classes, in colonial Virginia, =1=, 25-28;
after the Revolution, 277, 278.

Clay, Charles, in Virginia Ratification Convention, =1=, 472.

Clay, Henry, duelist, =3=, 278 _n._;
and Burr conspiracy, 296, 318, 319 _n._;
on Daveiss and Burr, 317 _n._;
as exponent of Nationalism, =4=, 28, 29;
as practitioner before M., 95, 135;
and Green _vs._ Biddle, 376;
counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, 385;
in debate on Supreme Court, 395;
Kremer's attack, 462 _n._;
Randolph duel, 463 _n._;
and report on M. and election of 1828, 464;
and American Colonization Society, 474;
and recharter of Bank of the United States, 530;
Compromise Tariff, 574.

Clayton, Philip, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 547, 548.

Clayton, Samuel, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 501 _n._

_Clermont_, Fulton's steamboat, =4=, 401 _n._

Clinton, De Witt, presidential candidacy (1812), =4=, 47.

Clinton, George, letter for second Federal convention, =1=, 379-81,
477, =2=, 49, 57 _n._;
elected Vice-President, =3=, 197;
defeats recharter of Bank of the United States, =4=, 176.

Clopton, John, deserts Congress (1798), =2=, 340 _n._;
candidacy (1798), 414.

Clothing. _See_ Dress.

Cobbett, William,
on American enthusiasm over French Revolution, =2=, 5 _n._;
as conservative editor, 30 _n._

Cockade, black, =2=, 343.

Cocke, William, on Judiciary Act of 1801, =3=, 57 _n._;
at Chase trial, 194.

Cohens _vs._ Virginia,
conditions causing opinion, its purpose, =4=, 342-44, 353;
facts, 344, 345;
as moot case, 343;
counsel, argument, 346;
M.'s opinion on appellate power, 347-57;
statement of State Rights position, 347;
supremacy of National Government, 347-49;
Federal Judiciary as essential agency in this supremacy, 349-52;
resistance of disunion, 352, 353;
State as party, Eleventh Amendment, 354-56;
hearing on merits, 357;
Roane's attack on, 358, 359;
rebuke of concurring Republican Justices, 358, 359;
M. on attacks, 359-62;
other Virginia attacks, 361 _n._;
Jefferson's attack on principles, M. on it, 362-66, 368-70;
attack as one on Union, 365;
Taylor's attack on principles, 366-68.

Coleman, _vs._ Dick and Pat, =2=, 180 _n._

Colhoun, John E., and repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 62 _n._, 72 _n._

College charters as contracts. _See_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward.

Collins, Josiah, Granville heirs case, =4=, 154.

Collins, Minton, on economic division on Ratification, =1=, 313;
on opposition to Ratification, 322.

Colston, Rawleigh,
purchase of Fairfax estate, =2=, 203 _n._, 204, =4=, 149, 150 _n._;
M.'s debt, =3=, 224.

_Columbian Centinel_, on Republicans (1799), =3=, 43;
on Judiciary debate (1802), 65 _n._, 72 _n._, 99.

Commerce, effects of lack of transportation, =1=, 262;
Madison on need of uniform regulation, 312;
Jefferson's dislike, 316;
Federal powers in Ratification debate, 427, 477;
foreign, and South Carolina negro seamen act, Elkison case,
=4=, 382, 383;
power to regulate, and internal improvements, 417;
power over navigation, Brig Wilson _vs._ United States, 428, 429;
doctrine of common carrier and transportation of slaves, 478.
_See also_ Bankruptcy; Brown _vs._ Maryland; Communication; Economic
conditions; Gibbons _vs._ Ogden; Internal improvements;
Navigation acts; Neutral trade, New York _vs._ Miln;
Slave trade; Tariff.

Common carrier, doctrine, and transportation of slaves, =4=, 478.

Common law, Federal jurisdiction, =2=, 549 _n._, =3=, 23-29, 30 _n._,
78, 84, 89.

Commonwealth _vs._ Caton, =3=, 611.

Communication, roads of colonial Virginia, =1=, 36 _n._;
at period of Confederation and later, hardships of travel, 250,
255-64, =3=, 5 _n._, 55 _n._;
lack as index of political conditions, =1=, 251, 255;
sparseness of population, 264;
mails, 264-67;
character of newspapers, 267-70;
conditions breed demagogism, 290-92;
local isolation, =4=, 191.
_See also_ Commerce.

Commutable Act of Virginia, =1=, 207.

Concurrent jurisdiction of Federal and State courts, =1=, 452.
_See also_ Appellate jurisdiction.

Concurrent powers, M.'s exposition in Ratification debate, =1=, 436;
and State bankruptcy laws, =4=, 208-12;
commercial, 409.

Confederation, Washington on State antagonism, =1=, 206 _n._;
effect of British-debts controversy, 228, 228 _n._;
financial powerlessness, 232, 295-97, 304, 387, 388, 415-17;
effort for power to levy impost, 233;
debt problem, 233-35, 254;
proposed power to pass navigation acts, 234, 235;
social conditions during, 250-87;
popular spirit, 253, 254;
opportunity for demagogism, 288-92, 297, 309;
Shays's Rebellion, 298-304;
impotence of Congress, 305;
prosperity during, 306;
responsibility of masses for failure, 307;
responsibility of States for failure, 308-10;
antagonistic State tariff acts, 310, 311;
economic basis of failure, 310-13;
Jefferson on, 315;
Randolph on, 377;
Henry's defense, 388, 389, 399;
M.'s biography of Washington on, =3=, 259-61.

Congress,
Ratification debate on character, =1=, 344, 416, 419, 422, 423;
M. on discretionary powers (1788), 454;
_First_: titles, =2=, 36;
election in Virginia, 49, 50;
amendments, 58, 59;
funding, assumption, and National Capital, 59-64;
Judiciary, =3=, 53-56;
_Third_: Yazoo lands, 560, 569, 570;
_Fourth_: Jay Treaty, =3=, 148, 155;
Yazoo lands, =3=, 570;
_Fifth_: Adams's address on French depredations, =2=, 225, 226;
X. Y. Z. dispatches, 336, 338, 339;
war preparations, 355;
Alien and Sedition Acts, 381;
Georgia's Western claims, =3=, 573;
_Sixth_: M.'s campaign for, =2=, 374-80, 401, 409-16;
M.'s importance to Federalists, 432, 436, 437;
Adams's address at first session, 433;
reply of House, 433-36;
and presidential campaign, 438;
and death of Washington, 440-45;
M.'s activity, 445;
cession of Western Reserve, 446;
powers of territorial Governor, 446;
insult to Randolph, 446;
Marine Corps, 446-48;
land grants for veterans, 448;
and slavery, 449;
Sedition Law, 451;
M.'s independence, 451, 452;
Disputed Election Bill, 452-58;
Jonathan Robins case, 460-75;
reduction of army, 476-81;
Bankruptcy Bill, 481, 482;
results of first session, 482;
French treaty, 525;
M. and Adams's address at second session, 530, 531;
Jefferson-Burr contest, 532-47;
Judiciary Bill, 548-52, =3=, 53, 56;
reduction of navy, 458 _n._;
Georgia cession, 574;
_Seventh_: Judiciary in Jefferson's Message, 51-53;
repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, 58-92;
Supreme Court, 94-97;
_Eighth_: impeachment of Pickering, 164-68;
Chase impeachment, 169-222;
electoral vote counting, 197;
Burr's farewell address, 274;
Yazoo claims, 575-82;
_Ninth_: Jefferson's Annual Message on Burr conspiracy, 337;
demand for information and Special Message, 339;
payment of Eaton's claim, 345 _n._;
attempt to suspend habeas corpus, 346-48;
Burr conspiracy debate, 357-60;
non-importation, =4=, 9;
_Tenth_: _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, =3=, 477;
attempt to amend law of treason, 540;
attempt to expel Senator Smith, 540-44;
Embargo, =4=, 11, 13, 14, 22;
Force Act, 16;
non-intercourse, 22;
_Eleventh_: Yazoo claims, =3=, 595-97;
Jackson resolution, =4=, 24;
Louisiana, 27;
bank, 173-76;
_Twelfth_: Yazoo claims, =3=, 597-600;
war, =4=, 29;
_Thirteenth_: Yazoo claims, =3=, 600;
St. Cloud Decree resolution, =4=, 48;
bank, 179;
_Fourteenth_: bank, 180;
salaries, 231 _n._;
Bonus Bill, 417;
_Fifteenth_: bank, 196 _n._, 288, 289;
internal improvements, 418;
_Sixteenth_: bankruptcy, 201, 302;
Missouri, 340-42;
_Seventeenth_: Judiciary, 371-79;
_Eighteenth_: Judiciary, 379, 380, 394, 450, 451;
internal improvements, 418-21;
presidential election, 462 _n._;
tariff, 536;
_Nineteenth_: Supreme Court, 451-53;
_Twentieth_: tariff, 537;
_Twenty-first_: Supreme Court, 514-17;
Cherokee Indians, 541;
Hayne-Webster debate, 552-55;
_Twenty-second_: Judiciary, 517 _n._;
recharter of Bank, 529-33;
river and harbor improvement, 534;
tariff, 559, 567, 574.

Conkling, Roscoe, resemblance to Pinkney, =4=, 133 _n._

Connecticut, Ratification, =1=, 325;
cession of Western Reserve, =2=, 446, =3=, 578;
and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 105 _n._;
and Embargo, =4=, 17;
and War of 1812, 48 _n._;
and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 404.

Connecticut Reserve, cession, =2=, 446;
Granger's connection, =3=, 578.

Conrad and McMunn's boarding-house, =3=, 7.

Conscription, for War of 1812, =4=, 51.

Conservatism, growth, =1=, 252, 253;
M.'s extreme, =3=, 109, 265, =4=, 4, 55, 93, 479-83, 488.
_See also_ Democracy; Nationalism; People.

Consolidation. _See_ Nationalism.

Constitution, question of amending Virginia's (1784), =1=, 216;
attack on Virginia's (1789), =2=, 56 _n._;
Massachusetts Convention (1820), =4=, 471.
_See also_ Federal Constitution; Virginia Constitutional Convention.

Continental Congress, denunciation by army officers, =1=, 90;
flight, 102;
and intrigue against Washington, 122, 123;
decline, 124;
Washington's plea for abler men and harmony, 124-26, 131.
_See also_ Confederation.

Contraband, in Jay Treaty and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 306;
M. on British unwarranted increase of list, 509-11.

Contracts, obligation of,
M.'s first connection with legislative franchise, =1=, 218;
and with ideas of contract, 223, 224;
in debate on Ratification, 428;
M. on, as political factor under Confederation, =3=, 259-61;
M. on (1806), and new National Government, 263;
importance of M.'s expositions, 556, 593-95, =4=, 213, 219, 276-81;
legal-tender violation, =3=, 557;
origin of clause in Federal Constitution, 557 _n._, 558 _n._;
effect of constitutional clause on public mind, 558;
and repeal of Yazoo land act, 562, 563, 586;
discussions of repeal, 571, 572;
congressional debate on Yazoo claims, 575, 579, 580;
M.'s interest in stability, 582;
M.'s opinion in Fletcher _vs._ Peck, repeal of Yazoo act as
impairment, 586-91;
and corrupt legislation, 587;
involved in Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, =4=, 209, 212;
meaning in Constitution, 213;
contract of future acquisitions and insolvency laws, 214;
not limited to paper money obligations, 214;
not necessary to enumerate particular subjects, 215;
humanitarian limitations, 215, 216;
broad field without historical limitations, 216-18, 269, 271;
New Jersey _vs._ Wilson, exemption of lands from taxation, 221-23;
Dartmouth College case, right to change charter of public
institution, 230 _n._, 235, 243;
limitation to private rights, 234, 263;
colleges as eleemosynary not civil corporations, 241-44, 247,
263, 264;
Terrett _vs._ Taylor, private rights under grants to towns,
243 _n._, 246;
precedents in Dartmouth College case, 245-47;
college charters as contracts, 262;
purpose of college does not make it public institution, 264;
nor does act of incorporation, 265-68;
rights of non-profiting trustees, 268, 269;
and public policy, 270-72;
as element in strife of political theories, 370;
and Kentucky occupying claimant law, 375-77, 380-82;
Ogden _vs._ Saunders, future, not violated by insolvency laws, 480;
M.'s dissent, 481.

Conway Cabal, =1=, 121-23.

Cook, Daniel P., on Missouri question, =4=, 342.

Cooke, ----, tavern at Raleigh, =4=, 65.

Cooke, John R., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 502 _n._

Cooper, Thomas, sedition trial, =3=, 33, 34, 86.

Cooper, William, on Jefferson-Burr contest, =2=, 546 _n._

Cooper _vs._ Telfair, =3=, 612.

Corbin, Francis,
and calling of Virginia Ratification Convention, =1=, 245;
in Ratification Convention; characterized, 396;
in the debate, 396, 435;
on detailed debate, 432;
on badges of aristocracy, =2=, 78.

Cornwallis, Earl of, Brandywine, =1=, 95.

Corporations, M.'s definition, =4=, 265;
M.'s opposition to State regulation, 479;
presumptive authorization of agency, M.'s dissent, 482, 483.
_See also_ Contracts.

Correspondence, M.'s negligence, =1=, 183 _n._, =4=, 203 _n._

Cotton, effect of invention of gin, =3=, 555.

Council of State of Virginia, M.'s election to, =1=, 209;
as a political machine, 210, 217 _n._;
M. forced out, 211, 212.

Counterfeiting, of paper money, =1=, 297, =4=, 195.

County court system of Virginia,
political machine, =4=, 146, 147, 485-88;
debate in Constitutional Convention on (1830), 491-93.

Court days, as social event, =1=, 284.
_See also_ Judiciary.

Court martial, M. on jurisdiction, =2=, 447, 448.

Coxe, Tench, on British depredations on neutral trade, =2=, 506 _n._

Craig, Hiram. See Craig _vs._ Missouri.

Craig _vs._ Missouri, facts, State loan certificates, =4=, 509;
M.'s opinion, certificates as bills of credit, 510-12;
his reply to threat of disunion, 512;
dissenting opinions, 513;
and renewal of attack on Supreme Court, 514-17;
repudiated, 584 _n._

Cranch, William, and trial of Swartwout and Bollmann, =3=, 344, 346.

Crawford, Thomas H., and attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 515.

Crawford, William H., and Yazoo frauds, =3=, 552;
and recharter of first Bank of the United States, =4=, 174, 175;
and Treasury portfolio (1825), 462 _n._;
and American Colonization Society, 474.

Creek Indians, power, =3=, 553.

Crèvecoeur, Hector St. John de, on frontier farmers, =1=, 30 _n._

Crime, M. on jurisdiction over cases on high seas, =2=, 465-67;
Federal punishment of common-law offenses, =3=, 23-29.
_See also_ Alien and Sedition Acts; Extradition.

Crisis of 1819, banking and speculation, =4=, 176-85;
bank suits to recover loans, 185, 198;
popular demand for more money, 186;
character of State bank notes, 191-96;
early mismanagement of second Bank of the United States, 196;
its reforms and demands on State banks force crisis, 197-99;
popular hostility to it, 198, 199, 206;
lax bankrupt laws and frauds, 200-03;
influence on M., 205;
distress and demagoguery, 206;
movement to destroy Bank of United States through State taxation,
206-08;
M.'s decisions as remedies, 208, 220.
_See also_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward; M'Culloch _vs._
Maryland; Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield.

Crissy, James, publishes biography of Washington, =3=, 273 _n._

Crouch, Richard, on M., =4=, 67 _n._

Crowninshield, Richard. See Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield.

Culpeper County, Va., minute men, =1=, 69.

Curtius letters on M.'s candidacy (1798), =2=, 395, 396;
recalled, =3=, 534.

Cushing, William, and Chief Justiceship, =3=, 121 _n._;
Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 584, 585 _n._;
death, =4=, 60, 106.

Cushman, Joshua, on expansion, =4=, 342 _n._

Cutler, Manasseh,
on Chase trial, =3=, 183 _n._, 212 _n._, 217 _n._, 221.

Daggett, David, counsel in Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, =4=, 209;
on Holmes in Dartmouth College case, 253 _n._

Dallas, Alexander J., in Fries trial, =3=, 36;
and Burr, 68 _n._;
counsel in _Nereid_ case, =4=, 131.

Dana, Edmund P., testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 491.

Dana, Francis, and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 227;
sedition trial, =3=, 44-46;
on declaring acts void, 117.

Dana, Samuel W., Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 472, 475;
in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 90, 91;
on Chandler case, 130 _n._;
and Eaton's report on Burr's plans, 305 _n._

Dandridge, Julius B., case, =4=, 482.

Daniel, Henry, attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 515.

Daniel, William, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._

Dartmouth, Earl of, and Dartmouth College, =4=, 224.

Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward,
origin of college, charter, =4=, 223-26;
troubles, 226-29;
political involution, 229;
State reorganization and annulment of charter, 230, 231;
rival administrations, 231-33;
Story's relationship, 232, 243 _n._, 251, 252, 257, 259 _n._,
274, 275;
counsel, 233, 234, 237-40, 259;
case, 233;
story of recruiting Indian students, 233 _n._;
State trial and decision, 234-36;
appeal to Supreme Court, lack of public interest there, 236;
argument, 240-55;
effort to place case on broader basis, 244, 251, 252;
Webster's tribute to Dartmouth, 248-50;
continued, 255;
influences on Justices, Kent, 255-58, 258 _n._, 259 _n._;
fees and portraits, 255 _n._;
value of Shirley's book on, 258 _n._, 259 _n._;
Pinkney's attempt to reopen, frustrated by M., 259-61, 274;
M.'s opinion, 261-73;
judgment _nunc pro tunc_, 273;
later public attention, 275;
far-reaching consequences, modern attitude, 276-81;
recent discussions, 280 _n._
_See also_ Contracts.

Daveiss, Joseph Hamilton, Federal appointment, =2=, 560 _n._;
and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 315-19;
middle name, 317 _n._;
pamphlet, 525.

Davis, ----, on "Hail, Columbia!" =2=, 343 _n._

Davis, David, on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 280.

Davis, John, and M.'s candidacy for President, =4=, 33;
identity, 34 _n._

Davis, Judge John, United States _vs._ Palmer, =4=, 126.

Davis, Sussex D., anecdote of M., =4=, 83 _n._

Davis, Thomas T., in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 74.

Davis, William R., on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54;
Granville heirs case, =4=, 154;
report on Supreme Court, 515.

Dawson, Henry B.,
on bribery in Massachusetts Ratification, =1=, 354 _n._

Dawson, John, in Virginia Ratification Convention, =1=, 470.

Dawson's Lessee _vs._ Godfrey, =4=, 54 _n._

Dayson, Aquella, sells land to M., =1=, 196.

Dayson, Lucy, sells land to M., =1=, 196.

Dayton, Jonathan, support of Adams (1800), =2=, 518;
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 67;
and Pickering impeachment, 167, 168 _n._;
and Burr conspiracy, 290, 291, 300, 308;
career, 290 _n._;
Indiana Canal Company, 291 _n._;
_nolle prosequi_, 515;
security for Burr, 517.

Deane, Silas, and Beaumarchais, =2=, 292 _n._

Dearborn, Henry, and Ogden-Smith trial, =3=, 436 _n._

Debating at William and Mary, =1=, 158.

Debts, spirit of repudiation of private, =1=, 294, 298;
imprisonment for, =3=, 13 _n._, 15 _n._, =4=, 215, 216;
and hostility to lawyers, =3=, 23 _n._;
M. on political factor under Confederation, 259-61.
_See also_ British debts;
Contracts; Crisis of 1819; Finances; Public debts.

Decatur, Stephen, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 302, 303;
at trial of Burr, testimony, 452, 458, 488 _n._;
career and grievance, 458 _n._

Declaration of Independence, anticipated, =3=, 118;
M.'s biography of Washington on, 244.

Declaring acts void, Henry on, =1=, 429;
M. on, in Ratification debate, 452, 453, =2=, 18;
Jefferson's suppressed paragraph on (1801), =3=, 52;
congressional debate on judicial right (1802), 60, 62, 64, 67-71,
73, 74, 82, 85, 87, 91;
M.'s preparation for assertion of power, 104, 109;
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions and State Rights doctrine, 105-08;
effect of this, 108;
necessity of decision on power, 109, 131;
problem of vehicle for assertion, 111, 121-24;
dangers involved in M.'s course, 111-14;
question in Federal Convention, 114-16;
importance of Marbury _vs._ Madison, unique opportunity, 116, 118,
127, 131, 142;
no new argument in it, M.'s knowledge of previous opinions, 116-20,
611-13;
condition of Supreme Court as obstacle to M.'s determination, 120;
dilemma of Marbury _vs._ Madison as vehicle, solution, 126-33;
opinion on power in Marbury _vs._ Madison, 138-42;
effect of decision on attacks on Judiciary, 143, 153, 155;
Jefferson and opinion, 143, 144, 153;
lack of public notice of opinion, 153-55;
M. suggests legislative reversal of judicial opinions, 177, 178;
bibliography, 613;
M.'s avoidance in Federal laws, =4=, 117, 118;
his caution in State laws, 261;
Supreme Court action on State laws, 373, 377;
proposed measures to restrict it, 378-80.
_See also_ Judiciary; and, respecting State laws, Appellate
jurisdiction; Contracts; Eleventh Amendment, and the
following cases: Brown _vs._ Maryland; Cohens _vs._ Virginia;
Craig _vs._ Missouri; Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward;
Fletcher _vs._ Peck; Gibbons _vs._ Ogden; Green _vs._ Biddle;
M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland; Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee;
New Jersey _vs._ Wilson; Osgood _vs._ Bank;
Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield; Terrett _vs._ Taylor;
Worcester _vs._ Georgia.

Dedham, Mass., denounces lawyers, =3=, 23 _n._

Delaware, Ratification, =1=, 325.

Delaware Indians, New Jersey land case, =4=, 221-23.

Demagogism,
opportunity and tales under Confederation, =1=, 290-92, 297, 309;
J. Q. Adams on opportunity, =2=, 17;
and crisis of, 1819, =4=, 206.
_See also_ Government.

Democracy,
growth of belief in restriction, =1=, 252, 253, 300-02, 308;
union with State Rights, =3=, 48;
M.'s extreme lack of faith in, 109, 265, =4=, 4, 55, 93, 479-83,
488;
chaotic condition after War of 1812, =4=, 170.
_See also_ Government; People; Social conditions.

Democratic Party, as term of contempt, =2=, 439 _n._, =3=, 234 _n._
_See also_ Republican Party.

Democratic societies, development, =2=, 38;
opposition and support, 38-41;
decline, 41;
and Whiskey Insurrection, 88;
and Jay's negotiations, 113.

Denmark, and Barbary Powers, =2=, 499.

Dennison, ----, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 547.

De Pestre, Colonel, attempt to seduce, =3=, 515 _n._

Despotism, demagogic fear, =1=, 291;
feared under Federal Constitution, 333;
in Ratification debate, 352, 398, 400, 404, 406, 409-11, 417, 427,
428.

Dexter, Samuel, and M. (1796), =2=, 198;
Secretary of War, 485, 493, 494;
_Aurora_ on, 492;
seals M.'s commission, 557;
and M.'s logic, =4=, 85;
as practitioner before M., 95;
counsel in Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 161;
as court orator, 133.

Dickinson, John,
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, =3=, 115 _n._

Dickinson, Philemon, and intrigue against Adams, =2=, 529 _n._

_Diligente, Amelia_ case, =3=, 16.

Dinners, as form of social life in Richmond, =3=, 394;
of Quoit Club, =4=, 77;
M.'s lawyer, 78, 79.

Direct tax,
Fries's Insurrection and pardon, =2=, 429-31, 435, =3=, 34-36.
_See also_ Taxation.

Directory, M. declines mission to, =2=, 144-46;
18th Fructidor, 230, 245 _n._, 246 _n._;
M. on it, 232, 236-44;
M.'s analysis of economic conditions, 267-70;
English negotiations (1797), 295;
preparations against England (1798), 321, 322;
need of funds, 322, 323.
_See also_ Franco-American War;
French Revolution; X. Y. Z. Mission.

Discipline, in Revolutionary army, =1=, 87, 120.

Disestablishment, Virginia controversy, =1=, 221, 222;
in New Hampshire, =4=, 227, 230 _n._

Disputed Elections Bill (1800), =2=, 452-58.

District-attorneys, United States, plan to remove Federalist, =3=, 21.

District of Columbia, popular fear of, =1=, 291, 438, 439, 456, 477.
_See also_ Capital; Washington, D.C.

_Divina Pastora_ case, =4=, 128.

Division of powers, arguments on, during Ratification, =1=, 320, 334,
375, 382, 388, 405, 438;
supremacy of National powers, =4=, 293, 302-08, 347-49, 438.
_See also_ Nationalism.

Divorce, by legislation, =2=, 55 _n._

Doddridge, Philip,
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 502 _n._;
on attack on Supreme Court, 515.

Domicil in enemy country, enemy character of property, =4=, 128, 129.

Dorchester, Lord, Indian speech, =2=, 111.

Drake, James, and sedition trial, =3=, 32.

Dred Scott case, and declaring Federal acts void, =3=, 132 _n._

Dress, frontier, =1=, 40;
of Virginia legislators, 59, 200;
contrast of elegance and squalor, 280;
of early National period, =3=, 396, 397.

Drinking, in colonial and later Virginia, =1=, 23;
rules of William and Mary College on, 156 _n._;
extent (c. 1800), 186 _n._, 281-83, =2=, 102 _n._, =3=, 400,
501 _n._;
M.'s wine bills, =1=, 186;
distilleries, =2=, 86 _n._;
at Washington, =3=, 9;
frontier, =4=, 189 _n._

Duane, William, prosecution by Senate, =2=, 454 _n._;
trial for sedition, =3=, 46 _n._;
advances to Blennerhassett, 514.
_See also_ _Aurora_.

Duché, Jacob, beseeches Washington to apostatize, =1=, 105.

Duckett, Allen B., and Swartwout and Bollmann, =3=, 346.

Dueling, prevalence, =3=, 278 _n._

Dunbar, Thomas, in Braddock's defeat, =1=, 5.

Dunbaugh, Jacob, and trial of Burr, evidence, =3=, 393, 459, 462, 463;
credibility destroyed, 523.

Dunmore, Lord, Norfolk raid, =1=, 74-79.

Dutrimond, ----, and X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 326.

Duval, Gabriel, appointed Justice, =4=, 60;
and Dartmouth College case, 255;
dissent in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, 482 _n._;
resigns, 582, 584;
and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583.

Dwight, Theodore, on Republican rule (1801), =3=, 12.

Early, Peter, argument in Chase trial, =3=, 197.

Eaton, John H., on Supreme Court, =4=, 451.

Eaton, William, on Jefferson, =3=, 149 _n._;
antagonism to Jefferson, 302;
career in Africa, 302 _n._, 303 _n._;
conference with Burr, report of it, 303-05, 307;
affidavit on Burr's statement, 345, 352;
claim paid, 345 _n._;
at trial of Burr, testimony, 429, 452, 459, 487;
loses public esteem, 523.

Economic conditions, influence on Federal Convention and Ratification,
=1=, 241, 242, 310, 312, 429 _n._, 441 _n._;
prosperity during Confederation, 306;
influence on attitude towards French Revolution, =2=, 42;
and first parties, 75, 96 _n._, 125 _n._
_See also_ Banking; Commerce;
Contracts; Crisis of 1819; Land; Prices; Social conditions.

_Edinburgh Review_, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 271;
on United States (1820), =4=, 190 _n._

Education, of colonial Virginia women, =1=, 18 _n._, 24 _n._;
in colonial Virginia, 24;
M.'s, 42, 53, 57;
condition under Confederation, 271-73;
M. on general, =4=, 472.
_See also_ Dartmouth College _vs._ Woodward; Social conditions.

Eggleston, Joseph, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 412.

Egotism, as National characteristic, =3=, 13.

Eighteenth Fructidor _coup d'état_, =2=, 230, 245 _n._, 246 _n._;
M. on, 232, 236-44;
Pinckney and, 246 _n._

Elections, Federal, in Virginia (1789), =2=, 49, 50;
(1794), 106;
State, in Virginia (1795), 129-30;
Henry and presidential candidacy (1796), 156-58;
M.'s campaign for Congress (1798), 374-80, 401, 409-16;
issues in 1798, 410;
methods and scenes in Virginia, 413.

_1800_:
Federalist dissensions, Hamiltonian plots, =2=, 438, 488, 515-18,
521, 526;
issues, 439, 520;
influence of campaign on Congress, 438;
Federalist bill to control, M.'s defeat of it, 452-58;
effect of defeat of bill, 456;
effect of Federalist dissensions, 488;
Adams's attack on Hamiltonians, 518, 525;
Adams's advances to Jefferson, 519;
Republican ascendancy, 519, 521;
and new French negotiations, 522, 524;
M.'s efforts for Federalist harmony, 526;
Hamilton's attack on Adams, 527-29;
campaign virulence, 529;
size of Republican success, 531;
Federalist press on result, 532 _n._;
Jefferson-Burr contest in Congress, 532-47;
Jefferson's fear of Federalist intentions, 533;
reasons for Federalist support of Burr, 534-36;
Burr and Republican success, 535 _n._;
M.'s neutrality, 536-38;
his personal interest in contest, 538, 539;
influence of his neutrality, 539;
Burr's refusal to favor Federalist plan, 539 _n._;
_Washington Federalist's_ contrast of Jefferson and Burr,
541 _n._;
question of deadlock and appointment of a Federalist, 541-43;
Jefferson's threat of armed resistance, 543;
Federalists ignore threat, 544, 545 _n._;
effect of Burr's attitude and Jefferson's promises, 545-47,
=3=, 18;
election of Jefferson, =2=, 547;
rewards to Republican workers, =3=, 81 _n._

_1804_:
Campaign and attacks on Judiciary, =3=, 184.

_1812_:
M.'s candidacy, =4=, 31-34;
Clinton as candidate, 47;
possible victory if M. had been nominated, 47.

_1828_:
M. and, 462-65.

_1832_:
Bank as issue, 532 _n._, 533;
M.'s attitude, 534.

Electoral vote, counting in open session, =3=, 197.

Eleventh Amendment, origin, =2=, 84 _n._, =3=, 554;
purpose and limitation, =4=, 354;
and suits against State officers, 385, 387-91.

Elkison, Henry, case, =4=, 382.

Elliot, James, on Wilkinson's conduct, =3=, 358.

Elliot, Jonathan, inaccuracy of _Debates_, =1=, 388 _n._

Ellsworth, Oliver, and presidential candidacy (1800), =2=, 438;
on Sedition Law, 451;
resigns Chief Justiceship, 552;
and common-law jurisdiction on expatriation, =3=, 27, =4=, 53;
and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 53, 128;
on obligation of contracts, 558 _n._

Ellsworth, William W., and attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 515.

Emancipation,
as involved in Nationalist development, =4=, 370, 420, 536.

Embargo Act, =4=, 11;
effect, opposition, 12-16;
M.'s opinion, 14, 118;
Force Act, 16;
repeal, 22.
_See also_ Neutral trade.

Emmet, Thomas A., as practitioner before M., =4=, 95, 135 _n._;
counsel in _Nereid_ case, 131;
appearance, 133;
counsel in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 424, 427.

Eppes, John W., and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), =3=, 348;
and amendment on Judiciary, =4=, 378 _n._

Eppes, Tabby, M.'s gossip on, =1=, 182.

Equality, demand for division of property, =1=, 294, 298;
lack of social (1803), =3=, 13.

Equity, M. and Virginia act on proceedings (1787), =1=, 218-20.
_See also_ Judiciary.

Erskine, David M., non-intercourse controversy, =4=, 22.

Everett, Edward, and Madison's views on Nullification, =4=, 556.

_Exchange case_, =4=, 121-25.

Excise, unpopularity of Federal, =2=, 86;
New England and, 86 _n._
_See also_ Taxation; Whiskey Insurrection.

Exclusive powers, and State bankruptcy laws, =4=, 208-12.
_See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden.

Expatriation, Ellsworth's denial of right, =3=, 27;
and impressment, 27 _n._
_See also_ Impressment.

Exterritoriality of foreign man-of-war, =4=, 122-25.

Extradition, foreign, Virginia act (1784), =1=, 235-41;
Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 458-75.

"Faction," as a term of political reproach, =2=, 410 _n._