Chapter X: The Final Conflict (7)

New York, hardships of travel, =1=, 257;
Jefferson on social characteristics, 279;
and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, =3=, 105 _n._, 106;
bank investigation (1818), =4=, 184;
and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 334.
_See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden; Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield.

New York City, Jacobin enthusiasm, =2=, 35.
_See also_ New York _vs._ Miln.

_New York Evening Post_, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 270;
on Adams's report on Burr Conspiracy, 544;
on Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, =4=, 445;
hostile criticism on M., 591.

New York _vs._ Miln, facts, State regulation of immigration, =4=, 583;
division of Supreme Court on, 583, 584;
decision, proper police regulation, 584 _n._;
Story voices M.'s dissent, 584 _n._

Newspapers, character at period of Confederation, =1=, 267-70;
virulence, =2=, 529, =4=, 175 _n._;
development of influence, =3=, 10;
and first Bank of the United States, =4=, 175.
_See also_ Press.

Nicholas, George, in the Legislature, =1=, 203;
citizen bill, 208;
and chancery bill (1787), 219;
and calling of Ratification Convention, 245;
on popular ignorance of draft Constitution, 320;
in Ratification Convention: characterized, 374;
in debate, 395, 421, 432, 440, 465, 471, 472;
assault on Henry, 466;
in contest over recommendatory amendments, 472.

Nicholas, John, deserts Congress (1798), =2=, 340 _n._;
on the crisis (1799), 434;
in Jonathan Robins case, 475;
and reduction of army, 476;
and Judiciary Bill, 551.

Nicholas, Wilson C., and M., =2=, 100;
sells land to Morris, 202 _n._;
and Kentucky Resolutions, 398, 398 _n._;
and Pickering impeachment, =3=, 167;
and Burr conspiracy, 381;
and grand jury on Burr, 410-12, 422.

Nicholson, Joseph H., in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 89;
on bill on sessions of Supreme Court, 95;
and Chase impeachment, 170;
argument in Chase trial, 207-10;
and acquittal of Chase, 221;
releases Alexander, 343;
on Jefferson's popularity, 404.

Nickname, M.'s, =1=, 74, 132.

Nightingale, John C., and Yazoo lands, =3=, 566 _n._

Niles, Hezekiah, on banking chaos after War of 1812, =4=, 181 _n._,
182, 183, 186 _n._, 192, 194, 196;
on bankruptcy frauds, 201;
on Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, 218;
and Dartmouth College case, 276 _n._;
value of his _Register_, 309;
attack on M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland opinion, 309-12;
on Elkison case, 383, 384 _n._;
and Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 445;
on Virginia and Nullification, 568, 572;
tribute to M., 590.

Niles, Nathaniel, and Burr, =3=, 68 _n._;
and Dartmouth College troubles, =4=, 227;
Jefferson on, 227.

_Niles' Register_, value, =4=, 309.
_See also_ Niles, Hezekiah.

Nimmo, James, Cohens _vs._ Virginia, =4=, 345.

Nobility, fear from Order of the Cincinnati, =1=, 292.
_See also_ Government.

Non-Importation Act (1806), =4=, 9;
M. and constitutionality, 118.
_See also_ Neutral trade.

Non-intercourse, act of 1809, =4=, 22;
Erskine incident, 22;
M. and constitutionality, 118;
South Carolina's proposed, with tariff States, 459, 538.
_See also_ Neutral trade.

Norbonne, Philip, practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._

Norfolk, Va., Dunmore's burning, =1=, 78;
tribute to M., =4=, 592.

North Carolina, hardships of travel, =1=, 263;
and State tariff acts, 311;
Granville heirs case, =4=, 154, 155;
tax on Bank of the United States, 207.

North River Steamboat Co. _vs._ Livingston, =4=, 448-51.

Norton, George F., and British debts, =1=, 226.

Norton, J. K. N., M.'s books possessed by, =1=, 186 _n._;
acknowledgment to, =4=, 528 _n._

Nullification, first hints, =4=, 384;
M.'s rebukes, 389, 459, 513;
movement, 555;
M. on movement, 556, 557;
Madison on, 556;
Jackson's Union toast, 557;
and warning, 558;
M. on doctrine and progress, 558, 559, 562;
and Tariff of 1832, 559, 560;
Convention and Ordinance, 560, 561;
popular excitement, 561;
Jackson's Proclamation, its debt to M.'s opinions, 562, 563;
M. on it, 563;
South Carolina and the proclamation, Jackson's inconsistencies,
564, 565;
military preparations, 566;
Jackson's recommendation of reduction of tariff, 567;
Virginia and mediation, M. on it, 567-73;
M. on Webster's speech against, 572;
suspension of ordinance, 573;
compromise Tariff, 574;
M. on virtual victory for, 574, 575;
M.'s resulting despondency on state of the country, 575-78.
_See also_ State Rights.

Oak Hill, acquired by M.'s father, =1=, 55;
as home for M.'s son, =4=, 74.

Oakley, Thomas J., counsel in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, =4=, 423, 424, 427.

_Obiter dicta_, M.'s use, =4=, 121, 369.

Obligation of contracts. _See_ Contracts.

Occom, Samson, visit to England, =4=, 223.

Office. _See_ Civil service.

Ogden, Aaron, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 409-411.
_See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden.

Ogden, David B., counsel in Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, =4=, 209;
practitioner before M., 237 _n._;
fees, 345 _n._;
counsel in Cohens _vs._ Virginia, 346, 376.

Ogden, George M. _See_ Ogden _vs._ Saunders.

Ogden, Peter V., and Burr conspiracy, arrested, =3=, 333, 334.

Ogden, Samuel G., trial, =3=, 436 _n._

Ogden _vs._ Saunders, obligation of future contracts not impaired by
insolvency laws, =4=, 480;
M.'s dissent, 481.

Ohio, cession of Western Reserve, =2=, 446;
tax on Bank of the United States, =4=, 207, 328;
legislative denunciation of M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 330-33;
and New York steamboat monopoly, 415 _n._
_See also_ Osborn _vs._ Bank.

Ohio River, Burr and plan for canal, =3=, 291 _n._;
first steamboat, =4=, 403 _n._;
development of steam transportation, 416.

Old Field Schools, =1=, 24.

Olmstead case, State defiance of Federal mandate, =4=, 18-21.

Opinions, M.'s rule on delivering, =3=, 16.

Orange County, Va., minute men, =1=, 69.

Oratory, court, and woman auditors, =4=, 133, 134.

Orders in Council on neutral trade, =4=, 6, 7.
_See also_ Neutral trade.

Orr, Thomas, Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 329, 330.

Orr _vs._ Hodgson, =4=, 165 _n._

Osborn, Ralph. _See_ Osborn _vs._ Bank.

Osborn _vs._ Bank of the United States, facts, =4=, 327-30;
compromise proposed by Ohio, 332;
defiance of Ohio, 333;
argument, 385;
M.'s opinion, 385-94;
original jurisdiction of National Courts, 385-87;
and Eleventh Amendment, protection of Federal agents from State
agents, 387-91;
tax on business of bank void, 391, 392;
courts and execution of law, 392;
general satisfaction of parties on the record, 393;
Johnson's opinion, 394;
resulting attack on Supreme Court, 394-96;
Jackson denies authority, 530-32.

Osmun, Benijah, and Burr, =3=, 365, 366.

Oswald, Eleazer, and _Centinel_ letters, =1=, 335 _n._, 338;
and Ratification in Virginia, 402, 434, 435.

Otis, Harrison Gray, and slavery (1800), =2=, 449;
on Washington streets (1815), =3=, 4;
on traveling conditions, 5 _n._;
on speculation, 557 _n._;
and Story, =4=, 98;
and bankruptcy laws, 201.

Otsego, N.Y., conditions of travel (1790), =1=, 257.

Paine, Robert Treat, on X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 356.

Paine, Thomas, on militia, =1=, 84;
relief bill, 213;
on government as an evil, 288;
popularity of _Common Sense_, 288 _n._;
on American and French revolutions, =2=, 2 _n._;
and key of the Bastille, 10;
_Rights of Man_, influence in United States, 12-14;
Jefferson's approbation, 14, 15, 16 _n._;
J. Q. Adams's reply, 15-19;
disapproves of excesses, 25 _n._, 27;
on the King and early revolution, 31 _n._;
on Republican Party and France, 223;
and X. Y. Z. Mission, 254.

Palmer, William P., anecdote on M., =4=, 63 _n._

Paper money, depreciation and confusion during Revolution and
Confederation, =1=, 167, 168, 295-97;
counterfeiting, 297, =4=, 195;
post-bellum demand, =1=, 297, 299;
Continental, in debate on Ratification, 429, 440, 441;
and impairment of obligation of contracts, =3=, 557, 558 _n._,
=4=, 214;
flood and character of State bank bills, 176-79, 181, 184, 187, 192;
popular demand for more, 186, 199;
local issues, 187;
depreciation, 192;
endless chain of redemption with other paper, 193;
reforms by second Bank of the United States, 197-99.
_See also_ Briscoe _vs._ Bank; Craig _vs._ Missouri money.

Paris, in 1797, =2=, 247.

Parker, Richard E., verdict in Burr trial, =3=, 514.

Parsons, Theophilus, Ratification amendments, =1=, 348.

Parton, James,
on Administration's knowledge of Burr's plans, =3=, 318 _n._;
on Jefferson and trial of Burr, 390 _n._;
biography of Burr, 538 _n._

Partridge, George, accident, =3=, 55 _n._

"Party," as term of political reproach, =2=, 410 _n._

Paterson, William, and Chief Justiceship, =2=, 553;
charge to grand jury, =3=, 30 _n._;
sedition trials, 31, 32;
and declaring acts void, 117, 611, 612;
and Judiciary Act of, 1789, 128;
Ogden-Smith trial, 436 _n._

Paulding, James K., on M., =4=, 77.

Pawles Hook, Lee's surprise, =1=, 142.

Peace of 1783, and land titles, =4=, 147, 148, 153.
_See also_ British debts; Frontier posts; Slaves.

Pearsall _vs._ Great Northern Railway, =4=, 279 _n._

Peck, Jedediah, trial, =3=, 42 _n._

Peck, John. _See_ Fletcher _vs._ Peck.

Peele, W. J., on M., =4=, 66 _n._

Pegram, Edward, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._

Pendleton, Edmund, as judge, =1=, 173;
on M.'s election to Council of State, 209;
candidacy for Ratification Convention, 359;
in the Convention: President, 368;
and impeachment of authority of Framers, 373;
characterized, 385;
on failure of Confederation, 386;
in debate, 427, 428, 445;
on Judiciary, 445.

Pendleton, Nathaniel, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 549, 555.

Pennsylvania, during the Revolution, =1=, 85;
hardships of travel, 258, 259;
Jefferson on social characteristics, 279;
tariff, 310 _n._, 311 _n._;
calling of Ratification Convention, 326;
election of delegates, 327-29;
precipitancy in Ratification Convention, 329-32;
address of minority, 333, 334, 342;
continued opposition after Ratification, 334-38;
and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, =3=, 105 _n._;
Olmstead case, =4=, 18-21;
legislative censure of M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 333.

Pennsylvania, University of, honorary degree to M., =4=, 89.

People, character of masses under Confederation, =1=, 253, 254;
community isolation, 264, =4=, 191;
responsible for failure of Confederation, =1=, 307;
basis of Federal Government, =4=, 292, 352.
_See also_ Democracy; Government; Nationalism.

Perkins, Cyrus, and Dartmouth College case, =4=, 260 _n._

Perkins, Nicholas, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 367-69, 372.

Peters, Richard [1], and common-law jurisdiction, =3=, 25, 28 _n._;
sedition trial, 33;
impeachment contemplated, 172 _n._;
on United States and Napoleonic War, =4=, 6 _n._;
Olmstead case, 18-21;
death, 238 _n._

Peters, Richard [2], escort for M.'s body, =4=, 588.

Phi Beta Kappa, M. as member, =1=, 158;
Jacobin opposition, =2=, 37.

Philadelphia, march of Continental army through (1777), =1=, 92;
capture by British, 98-102;
during British occupation, 108-10;
Jacobin enthusiasm, =2=, 31;
luxury, 85 _n._;
and M.'s return from X. Y. Z. Mission, 344-51;
tributes to M. as Chief Justice, =4=, 521, 588.

Philadelphia _Aurora_. _See_ _Aurora_.

Philadelphia _Federal Gazette_, on Publicola papers, =2=, 19.

Philadelphia _Gazette of the United States_. _See_ _Gazette_.

Philadelphia _General Advertiser_, on French Revolution, =2=, 28 _n._;
on Neutrality Proclamation, 94 _n._

Philadelphia _Independent Gazette_, and Ratification, =1=, 328.
_Sec also_ Oswald.

Philadelphia _National Gazette_. _See_ _National Gazette_.

Philips, Josiah, attainder case, =1=, 393, 398, 411.

Phillips, Isaac N., on treason, =3=, 403 _n._

Physick, Philip S., operates on M., =4=, 520;
and M.'s final illness, 587.

Pichegru, Charles, and 18th Fructidor, =2=, 240, 241, 245 _n._

Pickering, John, impeachment, =3=, 111, 143, 164-68;
witnesses against, rewarded, 181.

Pickering, Timothy, on hardships of travel, =1=, 257 _n._;
on Jefferson and Madison, =2=, 79;
and Gerry at Paris, 366, 369;
on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, 394;
on M.'s election (1799), 417;
on M. in Jonathan Robins case, 471;
dismissed by Adams, 486, 487;
_Aurora's_ attack, 489 _n._, 491 _n._;
on M. as his successor, 492;
on M. and Jefferson-Burr contest, 539;
and secession, =3=, 98, 151, 281, 289, =4=, 13 _n._, 30, 49;
on Giles, =3=, 159 _n._;
on impeachment programme, 160;
on Pickering impeachment, 168 _n._;
on Chase impeachment, 173;
at trial of Chase, 183 _n._;
on M.'s biography of Washington, 233;
on Adams's Burr Conspiracy report, 543 _n._;
as British partisan, =4=, 2 _n._;
on Embargo, 13, 14;
and M., 27, 473;
on election of 1812, 47;
and Story, 98;
and Story and Dartmouth College case, 257 _n._;
on Massachusetts Constitutional Convention (1820), 471;
on slavery, 473.

Pickett, George, bank stock, =2=, 200.

Pinckney, Charles, on campaign virulence (1800), =2=, 530;
reward for election services, =3=, 81 _n._;
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 116 _n._

Pinckney, Charles C.,
appointment to French mission, =2=, 145, 146, 223;
not received, 224;
at The Hague, 231;
accused of assisting Royalist conspiracy, 246 _n._;
and "millions for defense" slogan, 348;
toast to, 349 _n._;
candidacy (1800), 438;
Hamiltonian intrigue for, 517, 528 _n._, 529 _n._;
and Chief Justiceship, 553.
_See also_ Elections (1800); X. Y. Z. Mission.

Pinckney, Thomas, on Gerry, =2=, 364.

Pindall, James, on Bank of the United States, =4=, 289.

Pinkney, William, Canning's letter, =4=, 23;
as practitioner before M., 95;
counsel in _Nereid_ case, 131, 140;
character, 131-33;
influence of woman auditors on oratory, 133, 134, 140 _n._;
Conkling's resemblance, 133 _n._;
M. on, 141, 287;
Story on _Nereid_ argument, 142 _n._;
counsel in Dartmouth College case, 259-61, 274;
counsel in M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 284;
argument, 287;
fees, 345 _n._;
argument in Cohens _vs._ Virginia, 346;
counsel in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 413;
death, 423.

Pinto, Manuel, _Nereid_ case, =4=, 135.

Piracy, M. on basis, =2=, 467.

Pitt, William, and Burr, =3=, 289.

Pittsburgh, first steamboat, =4=, 403 _n._

Platt, Jonas, opinion in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, =4=, 412.

Pleasants, James, grand juror on Burr, =2=, 413 _n._

Plumer, William, on Washington (1805), =3=, 6;
on drinking there, 9;
on Jefferson and popularity, 19 _n._;
on Bayard, 79 _n._;
on Randolph, 83 _n._;
on repeal of Judiciary Act, 93;
on Louisiana Purchase, 148 _n._, 150;
on Giles, 159 _n._;
on impeachment plan, 160;
on Pickering impeachment, 167 _n._, 168 _n._;
on Chase impeachment and trial, 171 _n._, 173, 179 _n._, 181 _n._,
192 _n._, 205 _n._, 217 _n._, 220;
on Burr, 180, 182 _n._, 183 _n._, 219 _n._, 274 _n._, 279 _n._, 470;
on M. as witness, 196;
on not celebrating Washington's birthday, 210 _n._;
joins Republican Party, 222 _n._;
on M.'s biography of Washington, 269;
on Swartwout, 321 _n._, 333 _n._;
on Burr conspiracy, 338 _n._, 341;
on arrest of Bollmann, 343 _n._;
on Jefferson's personal rancor, 384 _n._;
on trial of Burr, 526;
on Adams's Burr conspiracy report, 543 _n._;
on Embargo and secession threats, =4=, 24 _n._;
on Federalists as aristocracy, 55;
Governor of New Hampshire, and Dartmouth College affairs, 230, 232.

Pocket veto, Randolph on, as impeachable offense, =3=, 213.

Poetry, M. and, =1=, 41, =4=, 79, 80.

Police power, as offset to obligation of contracts, =4=, 279;
and commerce clause, 436, 437, 457, 459.
_See also_ New York _vs._ Miln.

Politics,
machine in Virginia, =1=, 210, 217 _n._, =2=, 56 _n._, =4=, 146,
147, 485-88;
share in Ratification in Virginia, =1=, 252, 356, 357, 381, 402;
Federal Constitution and parties, =2=, 75;
abuse, 396;
influence of newspapers, =3=, 10;
period of National egotism, 13;
effect of Republican rule, 15 _n._;
Randolph on government by, 464 _n._
_See also_ Elections, Federalist Party; Republican Party.

Poole, Simeon, testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 490.

Poor whites of colonial Virginia, =1=, 27.

Pope, John, M. and his poems, =1=, 44, 45.

Pope, John, of Smith committee, =3=, 541 _n._

Popularity, Jefferson's desire, =3=, 19 _n._

Population, density (c. 1787), =1=, 264;
character of Washington, =3=, 8.

Portraits of M., =4=, 85 _n._, 522 _n._

Posey, Thomas, and Ratification, =1=, 392 _n._

Potomac River, company for improvement, =1=, 217, 218.

Potter, Henry, Granville heirs case, =4=, 154.

Powell, Levin, slandered, =1=, 290 _n._;
on House's reply to Adams's address (1799), =2=, 434;
on M. in Jonathan Robins case, 475 _n._

Practice and evidence, M.'s opinion on, =3=, 18.

Precedents, M.'s neglect of legal, =2=, 179, =4=, 409.

Preparedness, M. on need, =1=, 414, 415, 437, =2=, 403, 476-80, 531;
ridiculed, =1=, 425;
utter lack (1794), =2=, 109.
_See also_ Army.

Prescott, William, on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 275 _n._

President, Ratification debate on office and powers, =1=, 390, 442;
question of title, =2=, 36;
M. on, as sole organ of external relations, 470.
_See also_ Elections; Subpoena; and Presidents by name.

Press, freedom of, Franklin on license, =1=, 268-70;
M. on liberty and excess, =2=, 329-31;
Martin on license, =3=, 204, 205.
_See also_ Alien and Sedition Acts; Newspapers.

Prices, at Richmond (c. 1783), =1=, 177-81;
board in Washington (1801), =3=, 7.

Priest, William, on speculation, =3=, 557.

Princeton University, honorary degree to M., =4=, 89.

Prisoners of war, treatment, =1=, 115.

Privateering, Genêt's commissions, =2=, 28;
_Unicorn_ incident in Virginia, 103-06.

Prize law, Amelia case, =3=, 16, 17.
_See also_ Admiralty; International law.

Property, demand for equal division, =1=, 294, 298;
M.'s conservatism on rights, =4=, 479, 503.

Prosperity, degree, at period of Confederation, =1=, 273, 274, 306.

Public debt, problem under Confederation, =1=, 233-35;
unpopularity, 254;
spirit of repudiation, 295, 298, 299;
resources under Confederation, 306;
in Ratification debate, 396, 416, 425, 440;
funding and assumption of State debts, =2=, 59-64;
financial and political effects of funding, 64-68, 82, 85, 127.
_See also_ Debts; Finances; Paper money.

Public lands, Jefferson on public virtue and, =1=, 316;
State claims, =3=, 553;
Foot resolution, =4=, 553 _n._
_See also_ Yazoo; Land.

Publicists, lawyers as, =4=, 135.

Publicola papers, =2=, 15-18;
replies, 18, 19.

Punch, recipe, =4=, 77.

Punishments, cruel, =3=, 13 _n._

Putnam, ----, arrest in France, =2=, 283.

_Quarterly Review_, on insolvency frauds, =4=, 203 _n._

Quincy, Josiah, on Jefferson and popularity, =3=, 19 _n._;
on resolution against Minister Jackson, =4=, 24;
on admission of Louisiana and secession, =4=, 27;
and Localism, 28.

Quoit (Barbecue) Club, M. as member, =2=, 182-85, =4=, 76-78;
memorial to M., 592.

Railroads, influence of Dartmouth College case and Gibbons _vs._ Ogden
on development, =4=, 276, 277, 446.

Raleigh, M. on circuit at, =3=, 101, 102, =4=, 65, 66.

Rambouillet Decree, =4=, 122.

Ramsay, David, biography of Washington, =3=, 225 _n._

Ramsay, Dennis, Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 110.

Randall, Benjamin, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 340.

Randall, Henry S., on M. as Secretary of State, =2=, 494;
on M., =4=, 154.

Randolph, David M., as witness in Chase trial, =3=, 191, 192.

Randolph, Edmund, ancestry, =1=, 10;
as lawyer, 173;
transfers practice to M., 190;
Hite _vs._ Fairfax, 191, 192;
in the Legislature, 203;
importance of attitude on Ratification, 360-63, 378-82;
secret intention to support it, 363;
in the Convention: characterized, 376;
disclosure of support of Ratification, 376-79;
suppresses Clinton's letter, 379-81, 477;
effect on reputation, 382;
ascription of motives, in Washington's Cabinet, 382 _n._;
in Convention debate, 392, 393, 397, 406, 461, 470;
and Philips case, 393 _n._;
personal explanations, 393 _n._, 476;
Henry on change of front, 398;
answers Henry's taunt, 406;
Mason's denunciation, 423;
on Fairfax grants, 458 _n._;
on opposition after Ratification, =2=, 46 _n._;
and first amendments, 59;
Fauchet incident, resignation from Cabinet, 146, 147;
on Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, 151, 152;
as orator, 195;
on weakness of Supreme Court, =3=, 121 _n._;
counsel for Burr, 407;
on motion to commit Burr for treason, 417;
on subpoena to Jefferson, 440, 441;
on overt act, 494.

Randolph, George, ancestry, =1=, 10.

Randolph, Isham, =1=, 10.

Randolph, Jacob, operates on M., =4=, 522.

Randolph, Jane, =1=, 10, 11.

Randolph, John, of Roanoke, ancestry, =1=, 10;
insult by army officers, =2=, 446;
debate with M. on Marine Corps, 447, 448;
in Jonathan Robins case, 474;
appearance, =3=, 83;
as House leader, 83 _n._;
in Judiciary debate (1802), 84-87;
manager of Chase impeachment, 171;
and articles of impeachment, 172;
break with Jefferson over Yazoo frauds, 174;
opening speech at Chase trial, 187-89;
references to M., political significance, 187, 188, 214-16;
examination of M. at trial, 194;
conferences with Giles, 197;
argument, 212-16;
and acquittal, 220;
duelist, 278 _n._;
and Burr conspiracy, 339;
and Eaton's claim, 345 _n._;
on Wilkinson's conduct, 359, 464;
on Burr as military captive, 369;
and removal of judges on address, 389 _n._;
grand juror on Burr, 413;
on government by politics, 464 _n._;
and _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, 476;
and Yazoo frauds, 566, 575, 577-79, 581, 595, 596, 600;
on Localism, =4=, 191;
on dangers in M.'s Nationalist opinions, 309, 420;
in debate on Supreme Court (1824), 395;
on internal improvements and Nationalism, 419-21;
absorption in politics, 461;
Clay duel, 463 _n._;
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 484;
on M. in convention, 489 _n._

Randolph, Mary (Isham), descendants, =1=, 10.

Randolph, Mary Isham, =1=, 10.

Randolph, Peyton, and Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions, =1=, 64.

Randolph, Richard, of Curels, estate, =1=, 20 _n._

Randolph, Susan, on Jefferson and Rebecca Burwell, =1=, 150 _n._

Randolph, Thomas, =1=, 10.

Randolph, Thomas M., on Jay Treaty resolutions in Virginia
Legislature, =2=, 134, 135, 137.

Randolph, William, descendants, =1=, 10.

Randolph, William, and Peter Jefferson, =1=, 12 _n._

Randolph family, origin and characteristics, =1=, 10, 11.

Rappahannock County, Va., loyal celebration, =1=, 23 _n._

Ratification, opposition in Virginia, =1=, 242;
contest over call of Virginia Convention, previous amendment
question, 245-48;
effort for second framing convention, 248, 317, 355, 362, 379-81;
practical politics in, 252, 356, 357, 381, 402;
economic division, 312;
division in Virginia, 317;
importance of Virginia's action, 318, 358, 359;
gathering of Virginia delegates, 319;
popular ignorance of draft Constitution, 320, 345, 354;
popular idea of consolidated government, 320;
popular majority against, 321, 322, 356, 391, 469, =4=, 554 _n._;
Virginia Convention as first real debate, =1=, 322, 323, 329, 355;
influence of revolutionary action of Framers, 323-25, 373, 425;
unimportance of action of four early States, 325;
calling of Pennsylvania Convention, 326;
election there, 327-29;
Pennsylvania Convention, precipitancy, 329-32;
address of Pennsylvania minority, 333, 334, 342;
post-convention opposition in Pennsylvania, 334-38;
policy of Constitutionalists in Massachusetts, 339;
character of opposition there, 339, 340, 344-47;
election there, 340;
general distrust as basis of opposition, 340, 347, 356, 371, 372,
422, 428, 429 _n._, 439 _n._, 467;
condensed argument for, 343;
and Shays's Rebellion, 343;
strength and standpoint of Massachusetts opposition, 344;
influence of Hancock, 347;
Massachusetts recommendatory amendments and ratification, 348, 349;
soothing the opposition there, 350-53;
question of bribery in Massachusetts, 353 _n._, 354 _n._;
contest in New Hampshire, adjournment, 354, 355;
character of Virginia Convention, 356, 367;
effect of previous, on Virginia, 356, 399;
election of delegates in Virginia, 359-67;
importance and uncertainty of Randolph's attitude, 360-64, 378-82;
M.'s candidacy, 364;
campaign for opposition delegates, 365-67;
opposition of leaders in State politics, 366 _n._;
maneuvers of Constitutionalists, 367, 374, 384, 385, 392;
officers, 368, 432;
tactical mistakes of opposition, 368, 383;
detailed debate as a Constitutionalist victory, 369-72, 432;
characterizations, 369, 373-76, 385, 387, 394, 396, 408, 420, 423,
465, 473;
attempts at delay, 372, 434, 461, 462;
authority of Framers, 373, 375;
Nicholas's opening for Constitutionalists, 374;
Henry's opening for opposition, 375;
disclosure of Randolph's support, 376-79;
organization of Anti-Constitutionalists, 379, 434;
Clinton's letter for a second Federal Convention, Randolph's
suppression of it, 379, 477, =2=, 49 _n._;
Mason's speeches, =1=, 382, 383, 421-23, 438, 439, 446-48, 467;
untactful offer on "conciliation," 383;
prospects, ascendancy of opposition, 384, 433-35, 442;
influences on Kentucky delegates, navigation of Mississippi River,
384, 403, 411, 420, 430-32, 434, 443;
Pendleton's speeches, 385-87, 427, 428;
Lee's speeches, 387, 406, 423, 467;
Henry's speeches, 388-92, 397-400, 403-06, 428, 433, 435, 440, 441,
449, 464, 469-71;
Federal Government as alien, 389, 399, 428, 439 _n._;
Randolph's later speeches, 392, 393, 397, 406;
Madison's speeches, 394, 395, 397, 421, 428, 430, 440, 442, 449;
Nicholas's later speeches, 395, 421, 432;
Corbin's speech, 396;
political managers from other States, 401, 402, 435;
question of use of money in Virginia, 402 _n._;
demand for previous amendment, 405, 412, 418, 423, 428;
Monroe's speech, 407, 408;
inattention to debate, 408;
M.'s social influence, 409;
M.'s speeches, 409-20, 436-38, 450-61;
Harrison's speech, 421;
Grayson's speech, 424-27;
slight attention to economic questions, 429 _n._, 441 _n._;
and Bill of Rights, 439;
slavery question, 440;
payment of public debt, 440;
British debts, 441;
executive powers, 442;
Judiciary debate, 449-61, 464;
Anti-Constitutionalists and appeal to Legislature, 462, 463, 468;
assault on Henry's land speculations, 465-67;
threats of forcible resistance, 467, 478;
contest over recommendatory amendments, 475;
vote, 475;
Washington's influence, 476;
other personal influences, 476 _n._;
and fear of Indians, 476;
character of Virginia amendments, 477;
influence of success in New Hampshire, 478;
Jefferson's stand on amendments, 478;
influence on M., 479;
as a preliminary contest, 479, =2=, 45, 46;
attempt of Virginia Legislature to undo, 48-51;
Virginia reservations, =4=, 324 _n._

Rattlesnakes, as medicine, =1=, 172.

Ravara, Joseph, trial, =3=, 24.

Rawle, William, escort for M.'s body, =4=, 588.

Read, George, and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129.

_Rebecca Henry_ incident, =2=, 496.

Reed, George, as witness in Chase trial, =3=, 189 _n._

Reeves, John, and Burr, =3=, 537 _n._

Reeves, Tapping, on Louisiana Purchase, =3=, 150.

Reid, Robert R., on Missouri question, =4=, 341.

Religion, state in Virginia (1783), =1=, 220, 221;
conditions in Washington, =3=, 6;
revival, 7 _n._;
M.'s attitude, =4=, 69-71;
frontier, 189 _n._;
troubles and disestablishment in New Hampshire, 226, 227.
_See also_ next titles.

Religious freedom, controversy in Virginia, =1=, 221, 222.

Religious tests, debate during Ratification, =1=, 346.

Representation, basis in Virginia, =1=, 217 _n._;
debate on slave, in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830),
=4=, 501-07.

Republican Party,
Jefferson's development, =2=, 46, 74-76, 81-83, 91, 96;
as defender of the Constitution, 88 _n._;
assaults on Neutrality Proclamation, 95;
economic basis, 125 _n._;
and French Revolution, 131 _n._, 223;
and X. Y. Z. dispatches, 336-42, 355, 358-63;
M. on motives in attack on Alien and Sedition Acts, 394, 407;
issues in 1798, 410;
and name "Democratic," 439 _n._, =3=, 234 _n._;
Federalist forebodings (1801), 11-15;
social effects of rule, 15 _n._;
plans against Judiciary, cause, 19-22, 48;
union of democracy and State Rights, 48;
Chase's denunciations, 169, 170, 206;
and M.'s biography of Washington, 228-30;
treatment in biography, 256, 259-61;
Justices as apostates, 317, 358, 359, 444.
_See also_ Congress; Elections; Jefferson, Thomas; State Rights.

Republicans, name for Anti-Constitutionalists (1788), =1=, 379.

Repudiation, spirit, =1=, 294, 295, 298, 299.
_See also_ Debts.

Requisitions, failure, =1=, 232, 304, 305, 413;
proposed new basis of apportionment, 234, 235.

Rhoad, John, Juror, =3=, 35.

Rhode Island, declaration of independence, =3=, 118 _n._

Richardson, William M., votes for war, =4=, 29 _n._;
opinion in Dartmouth College case, 234-36.

Richmond, Va., social and economic life (1780-86), =1=, 176-90;
in 1780, 165, 171-73;
hospitality, 183;
M. City Recorder, 188;
fire (1787), 190, =2=, 172;
meeting on Jay Treaty, 149-55;
growth, 172;
Quoit Club, 182-85, =4=, 76-78, 592;
reception of M. on return from France, =2=, 352-54;
M.'s reply to address, 571-73;
later social life, =3=, 394;
Vigilance Committee, =4=, 41 _n._;
M.'s lawyer dinners, 78, 79;
city currency, 187;
and Jackson's veto of River and Harbor Bill (1832), 534;
M.'s funeral, 588;
tributes to him, 589.

_Richmond Enquirer_, on M. and Burr at Wickham's dinner, =3=, 396;
and subpoena to Jefferson, 450;
attack on M. during Burr trial, 532-35;
on Yazoo claims, 581;
attack on M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 312-17, 323;
tribute to M., 589.
_See also_ Ritchie, Thomas.

_Richmond Examiner_, attacks on M. (1801), =2=, 542, 543 _n._

Richmond Light Infantry Blues, punch, =4=, 78 _n._

Richmond Society for Promotion of Agriculture, M.'s interest, =4=, 63.

_Richmond Whig and Advertiser_, on M. and election of 1828, =4=, 463;
tribute to M., 589.

Ritchie, Thomas, Council of State as his machine, =1=, 210;
and trial of Burr, =3=, 450;
on Federalists as traitors, =4=, 10 _n._;
control over Virginia politics, 146;
and first Bank of the United States, 174;
attack on M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 309;
and Taylor's attack on M.'s opinions, 335, 339;
attack on Cohens _vs._ Virginia, 358.
_See also_ _Richmond Enquirer_.

Rittenhouse, David, Olmstead case, =4=, 19.

River and Harbor Bill, Jackson's pocket veto, =4=, 534.

River navigation, steamboat and internal improvements, =4=, 415-17.

Roads. _See_ Communication.

Roane, Spencer, as judge, =1=, 173;
Council of State as his machine, 210;
Anti-Constitutionalist attack on Randolph (1787), 361 _n._;
accuses M. of hypocrisy, =2=, 140;
and Chief Justiceship, =3=, 20, 113, 178;
and Nationalism, 114;
M.'s enemy, =4=, 78;
and M.'s integrity, 90 _n._;
and Livingston _vs._ Jefferson, 111;
control of Virginia politics, 146;
decision in Hunter _vs._ Fairfax's Devises, 148, 152;
denies right of Supreme Court to hear case, 157, 160;
and first Bank of the United States, 174;
attack on M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 309, 313-17, 323;
inconsistent purchase of Bank stock, 317;
tribute to M., 313;
M.'s reply to attack, 318-23;
attack on Cohens _vs._ Virginia, 358, 359;
M. on it, 359, 360;
and amendment on Judiciary, 371, 378.

Robertson, David, report of Virginia Ratification debates, =1=, 368;
stenographer and linguist, =3=, 408.

Robin, M.'s servant, =4=, 525 _n._

Robins, Jonathan. _See_ Jonathan Robins case.

Robinson, John, loan-office bill and defalcations, =1=, 60.

Rodney, Cæsar A., and Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 154 _n._;
argument in Chase trial, 210-12;
and holding of Swartwout and Bollmann, 345, 349 _n._;
and trial of Burr, 390.

Rodney, Thomas, and Burr, =3=, 365.

Rôle d'équipage,
and French depredations on neutral trade, =2=, 294 _n._

Ronald, William, as lawyer, =1=, 173;
in Virginia Ratification Convention, 472;
Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 188.

Roosevelt, Nicholas J., and steamboat experiments, =4=, 400;
and steamboat navigation of the Mississippi, 402, 402 _n._, 403 _n._

Roosevelt, Theodore, on British naval power, =4=, 7 _n._;
on impressment, 8 _n._

Ross, James, and Disputed Elections Bill, =2=, 453.

Rowan, John, on Green _vs._ Biddle, =4=, 381;
on Supreme Court, 453.

Rush, Benjamin, Conway Cabal, =1=, 121-23.

Rutgers _vs._ Waddington, =3=, 612.

Rutledge, Edward, on spirit of repudiation, =1=, 307.

Rutledge, John [1], and Supreme Court, =3=, 121 _n._;
in Federal Convention, on obligation of contracts, 558 _n._

Rutledge, John [2], and slavery, =2=, 449:
on Judiciary Bill (1801), 550;
on French treaty, 525 _n._;
in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 87-89;
as British partisan, =4=, 5.

S. (? Samuel Nason), and Ratification, =1=, 342.

St. Cloud Decree, =4=, 36-39, 48-50.

St. Tammany's feast at Richmond, =1=, 189.

Salaries, Federal (1800), =2=, 539 _n._

_Sandwich_ incident, =2=, 496.

Sanford, Nathan,
opinion on steamboat monopoly and interstate commerce, =4=, 448.

Sanford, Me., and Ratification, =1=, 342.

Santo Domingo,
influence in United States of negro insurrection, =2=, 20-22.

Sargent, Nathan, on esteem of M., =4=, 581 _n._

Saunders, John. _See_ Ogden _vs._ Saunders.

Savage, John, opinion on steamboat monopoly, =4=, 449.

_Savannah Gazette_, on Yazoo frauds, =3=, 561.

Schmidt, Gustavus, on M. as a lawyer, =2=, 178.

Schoepf, Johann D., on Virginia social conditions, =1=, 21 _n._;
on irreligion in Virginia, 221 _n._;
on shiftlessness, 278.

Schuyler, Philip, dissatisfaction, =1=, 86;
and Burr, =3=, 277 _n._

Scott, John, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 490.

Scott, John B., and Yazoo lands, =3=, 566 _n._

Scott, Joseph, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 370.

Scott, Sir Walter, and Burr, =3=, 537 _n._

Scott, Sir William, on slave trade and law of nations, =4=, 477.

Scott, Winfield, on irreligion in Washington, =3=, 7;
on Jefferson and trial of Burr, 406;
and Nullification, =4=, 566;
escort for M.'s body, 588.

Secession, Federalist threats over assault on Judiciary (1802),
=3=, 73, 82, 89, 93, 97, 98, 151;
Louisiana Purchase and threats, 150;
and Chase trial, 217;
New England Federalist plots and Burr, 281, 298;
Merry's intrigue, 281, 288;
sentiment in West, 282, 297, 299;
of New England thought possible, 283;
Burr and Merry, 288-90;
no proposals in Burr's conferences, 292, 297, 303, 312;
rumors of Burr's purpose, Spanish source, 296, 299, 315;
Burr denies such plans, 316, 318 _n._, 319, 326;
M. and Tucker on right, 430;
threats over neutral trade controversy, =4=, 13 _n._, 15, 17, 25;
M.'s rebuke, 17;
and admission of Louisiana, 27;
War of 1812 and threats, 30;
Hartford Convention, 51;
threats in attacks on M.'s Nationalist opinions, 314, 326, 338, 339,
381;
and Missouri struggle, 340-42;
M. on resistance to, 352, 353;
Jefferson's later threats, 368, 539;
South Carolina threat over Elkison case, 382;
threat on internal improvement policy, 421;
M. on Supreme Court and threats, 512, 513.
_See also_ Nationalism; Nullification; State Rights.

Secretary of State, M. and (1795), =2=, 147;
M.'s appointment, 486, 489-93;
M. remains after Chief Justiceship, 558.

Secretary of War, M. declines, =2=, 485.

Sedgwick, Theodore, and M. (1796), =2=, 198;
on effect of X. Y. Z. dispatches, 341;
on Gerry, 364;
on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, 391, 394, 406;
on M.'s election (1799), 417;
on M.'s importance to Federalists in Congress, 432;
on M. and Disputed Elections Bill, 457, 458;
on results of session (1800), 482;
on M. as man and legislator, 483, 484;
on M.'s efforts for harmony, 527;
on Republican rule, =3=, 12;
on plans against Judiciary, 22;
on repeal of Judiciary Act, 94;
and secession, 97;
on Burr, 279 _n._

Sedition Act. _See_ Alien and Sedition Acts.

Senate, arguments on, during Ratification, =1=, 345;
opposition to secrecy, =2=, 57.
_See also_ Congress.

Separation of powers,
M. on limitation to judicial powers, =2=, 468-70;
incidental executive exercise of judicial powers, 470;
M. on legislative reversal of judicial decisions, =3=, 177, 178.
_See also_ Declaring acts void.

Sergeant, John, counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 385;
and in Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia, 541, 544, 547;
and in Worcester _vs._ Georgia, 549;
escort for M.'s body, 588.

Sergeant, Thomas, practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._

Sewall, David, on demagoguery, =1=, 290 _n._;
on Ratification contest, 341.

Seward, Anna, as Philadelphia belle, =1=, 100.

Sewell, T., and French War, =2=, 424.

Shannon, Richard C., witness against Pickering, reward, =3=, 181 _n._

Shays's Rebellion, M. on causes, =1=, 298, 299, =3=, 262 _n._;
taxation not the cause, =1=, 299, 300;
effect on statesmen, 300-02;
Jefferson's defense, 302-04;
as phase of a general movement, 300 _n._;
and Ratification, 343.

Shephard, Alexander, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._

Shepperd, John, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 547.

Sherburne, John S., witness against Pickering, reward, =3=, 181 _n._

Sherman, Roger, and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129;
on obligation of contracts, 558 _n._

Shippen, Margaret, as Philadelphia belle, =1=, 109.

Shirley, John M., work on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 258 _n._

Short, Payton, at William and Mary, =1=, 159.

Short, William, at William and Mary, =1=, 159;
on French Revolution, =2=, 24;
Jefferson's admonitions, 25, 26;
on Lafayette, 34 _n._

"Silver Heels," M.'s nickname, =1=, 74, 132.

Simcoe, John G., and frontier posts, =2=, 111.

Sims, Thomas, on slander on Powell, =1=, 290 _n._

Singletary, Amos, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 344, 346.

Skipwith, Fulwar, on X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 336;
on probable war, 358.

Slaughter, Philip, on M. at Valley Forge, =1=, 117, 118.

Slave representation,
debate in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830), =4=, 501-07.

Slave trade, Northern defense (1800), =2=, 449;
act against engaging in, 482;
M. on international recognition, =4=, 476, 477.

Slavery, effect in colonial Virginia, =1=, 20-22;
in debate on Ratification, 440;
attitude of Congress (1800), =2=, 449;
acquiescence in, =3=, 13 _n._;
Nationalism and overthrow, =4=, 370, 420, 536;
M.'s attitude, 472-79.
_See also_ adjoining titles; and Missouri Compromise.

Slaves, of M.'s father, =1=, 37 _n._;
owned by M., 167, 180;
Jefferson's debts for, 224 _n._;
provision in Peace of 1783, controversy, 230, =2=, 108, 114,
121 _n._;
in Washington (1801), =3=, 8;
common carriers and transportation, =4=, 478.

Sloan, James, and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), =3=, 348.

Smallpox, in Revolutionary army, =1=, 87;
inoculation against, 162.

Smallwood, William, in Philadelphia campaign, =1=, 100.

Smilie, John, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 330.

Smith, Ann (Marshall), =1=, 485.

Smith, Augustine, M.'s uncle, =1=, 485.

Smith, Israel, of New York, in Burr conspiracy, =3=, 466 _n._, 491.

Smith, Senator Israel, of Vermont,
and impeachment of Chase, =3=, 158, 159;
votes to acquit, 219, 220.

Smith, Jeremiah, on Republican hate of M., =3=, 161;
counsel in Dartmouth College case, =4=, 233, 234, 250;
fee and portrait, 255 _n._;
on M.'s decline, 586.

Smith, John, M.'s uncle, =1=, 485.

Smith, John, of New York, votes to acquit Chase, =3=, 219, 220.

Smith, John, of Ohio, votes to acquit Chase, =3=, 219;
and Burr conspiracy, 291, 312;
Wilkinson's letter to, 314;
and rumor of disunion plan, 316, 319;
indicted for treason, 466 _n._;
_nolle prosequi_, 524, 541 _n._;
attempt to expel from Senate, 540-44.

Smith, John Blair,
on Henry in campaign for Ratification delegates, =1=, 365.

Smith, John Cotton, and Eaton's report on Burr's plans, =3=, 305 _n._

Smith, Jonathan, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 347.

Smith, Lize (Marshall), =1=, 485.

Smith, Melancthon, on prosperity during Confederation, =1=, 306;
on revolutionary action of Framers, 324.

Smith, R. Barnwell, on Nullification, =4=, 560.

Smith, Robert, dismissal, =4=, 34;
vindication, and M., 35.

Smith, Sam, on English interest in Ratification, =1=, 313.

Smith, Samuel, on Pickering impeachment, =3=, 167;
votes to acquit Chase, 220;
and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 347;
and Ogden-Smith trial, 436 _n._;
of committee on expulsion of Smith of Ohio, 541 _n._

Smith, Samuel H., on drinking at Washington, =3=, 10 _n._

Smith, Mrs. Samuel H., on Washington social life (1805), =3=, 8 _n._;
on Pinkney in court, =4=, 134.

Smith, Thomas M., anecdote of M., =4=, 83 _n._

Smith, Judge William, of Georgia, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 549.

Smith, Representative William, of South Carolina,
on French agents in United States (1797), =2=, 281;
on travel (1790), =3=, 55 _n._

Smith, Senator William, of South Carolina, on Missouri question,
=4=, 341.

Smith, William S., trial, =3=, 436 _n._

Smith _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 165 _n._

Sneyd, Honora, as Philadelphia belle, =1=, 109.

Snowden, Edgar, oration on M., =4=, 592.

Soane, Henry, =1=, 11 _n._

Social conditions, in later colonial Virginia, =1=, 19-28;
drinking, 23, 156 _n._, 186 _n._, 281-83, =2=, 86, 102 _n._, =3=, 9,
400, 501 _n._, =4=, 189 _n._;
qualities and influence of backwoodsmen, =1=, 28-31, 235, 236,
274-77;
frontier life, 39-41, 53, 54 _n._, =4=, 188-90;
dress, =1=, 59, 200, 208, =3=, 396, 397;
Richmond in 1780, =1=, 165;
degree of prosperity at period of Confederation, 273, 274;
classes in Virginia, 277, 278;
Jefferson on sectional characteristics, 278-80;
contrasts of elegance, 280;
food and houses, 280, 281;
amusements, 283;
Washington boarding-houses, =3=, 7;
lack of equality (1803), 13;
state then, 13 _n._;
advance under Republican rule, 15 _n._;
later social life at Richmond, 394.
_See also_ Bill of Rights; Communication; Economic conditions;
Education; Government; Law and order; Literature; Marriage;
Religion; Slavery.

Society, M.'s dislike of official, at Washington, =4=, 83-85.

"Somers," attack on M., =4=, 360 _n._, 361 _n._

South Carolina, and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 334;
Elkison negro seaman case, attack on Johnson's decision, 382, 383;
and Tariff of 1828, 537;
effect of Georgia-Cherokee contest on, 552.
_See also_ Nullification.

South Carolina Yazoo Company, =3=, 553 _n._
_See also_ Yazoo.

Spain, attitude toward United States (1794), =2=, 109;
depredations on American commerce, 496;
intrigue in West, Wilkinson as agent, =3=, 283, 284;
resentment of West, expectation of war over West Florida, 284, 285,
295, 301, 306, 312, 383 _n._;
treaty of 1795, 550 _n._;
intrigue and Yazoo grant, 554.

Spanish America, desire to free, =3=, 284, 286;
Miranda's plans, 286, 300, 301, 306;
revolt and M.'s contribution to international law, =4=, 126-28.
_See also_ Burr Conspiracy.

Speculation, after funding, =2=, 82, 85;
in land, 202;
as National trait, =3=, 557;
after War of 1812, =4=, 169, 181-84.
_See also_ Crisis of, 1819.

Speech, freedom, and sedition trials, =3=, 42.
_See also_ Press.

Stamp Act, opposition in Virginia, =1=, 61-65.

Standing army. _See_ Army.

Stanley, John, in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 74 _n._, 75.

Stark, John, Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 188.

State Rights and Sovereignty,
effect on Revolutionary army, =1=, 82, 88-90, 100;
in American Revolution, 146;
and failure of the Confederation, 308-10;
union with democracy, =3=, 48;
and declaring Federal acts void, 105;
M. on, as factor under Confederation, 259-62;
compact, =4=, 316;
strict construction and reserved rights, 324 _n._;
Taylor's exposition, 335-39;
forces (c. 1821), 370;
M. on effect of strict construction, 442;
and Georgia-Cherokee contest, 541;
incompatible with federation, 571.
_See also_ Contracts; Eleventh Amendment; Implied powers;
Government; Kentucky Resolutions; Nationalism;
Nullification; Secession; Virginia Resolutions.

States, Madison on necessity of Federal veto of acts, =1=, 312;
suits against, in Federal courts, 454, =2=, 83.
_See also_ Government.

Stay and tender act in Virginia, =1=, 207 _n._
_See also_ Debts.

Steamboats, Fulton's experiments, Livingston's interest, =4=, 397-99;
Livingston's grants of monopoly in New York, 399;
first on the Mississippi, grant of monopoly in Louisiana, 402,
402 _n._, 403 _n._, 414;
other grants of monopoly, 415;
interstate retaliation, 415;
great development, 415, 416.
_See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden.

Steele, Jonathan, witness against Pickering, reward, =3=, 181 _n._

Stephen, Adam, in Ratification Convention, characterized, =1=, 465;
on Indians, 465.

Steuben, Baron von, on Revolutionary army, =1=, 84;
training of the army, 88 _n._, 133.

Stevens, Edward, officer of minute men, =1=, 69.

Stevens, Thaddeus, as House leader, =3=, 84 _n._

Stevens _vs._ Taliaferro, =2=, 180 _n._

Stevenson, Andrew,
resolution against M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 324;
and repeal of appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court, 379.

Stewart, Dr. ----, and Jay Treaty, =2=, 121.

Stirling, William, Lord, intrigue against, =1=, 122.

Stith, Judge, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 555.

Stoddert, Benjamin, _Aurora_ on, =2=, 492;
at Burr trial, =3=, 458;
as Secretary of the Navy, 458 _n._;
proposes M. for President, =4=, 31-34.

Stone, David, and Granville heirs case, =4=, 155 _n._

Stone _vs._ Mississippi, =4=, 279 _n._

Stony Point, assault, =1=, 138-42.

Story, ----, on Ratification in Virginia, =1=, 445.

Story, Elisha, Republican, =4=, 96;
children, 97;
in Revolution, 97 _n._

Story, Joseph, on M. and his father, =1=, 43;
on M. in Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 473;
on Washington (1808), =3=, 6;
and common-law jurisdiction, 28 _n._, =4=, 30 _n._;
on Chase, =3=, 184 _n._;
on Jefferson's Anas, 230 _n._;
and Yazoo claims, 583, 586;
on conduct of Minister Jackson, =4=, 23;
on conduct of Federalists (1809), 23 _n._;
on Federalists and War of 1812, 30, 40;
on Chief Justiceship, 59 _n._;
appointed Justice, history of appointment, 60, 106-10;
compared and contrasted with M., 60;
on M.'s attitude toward women, 71;
and poetry, 80;
on M.'s charm, 81;
on life of Justices, 86, 87;
on M.'s desire for argument of cases, 94 _n._, 95 _n._;
character, 95;
as supplement to M., 96, 120, 523;
Republican, 96;
birth, education, 97;
antipathy of Federalists, 97;
in Congress, Jefferson's enmity, 97, 99;
cultivated by Federalists, 98;
devotion to M., 99, 523;
authority on law of real estate, 100;
and Nationalism, 116, 145;
on constitutionality of Embargo, 118 _n._;
authority on admiralty, 119;
United States _vs._ Palmer, 126;
appearance, 132;
on oratory before Supreme Court, 133, 135 _n._;
dissent in _Nereid_ case, 142;
opinions in Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 144, 145, 156, 161-64;
assailed for opinion, contemplates resignation, 166;
and Dartmouth College case, 232, 243 _n._, 251, 255, 257, 259 _n._,
274, 275;
opinion in Terrett _vs._ Taylor, 243;
on Dartmouth decision, 277;
on M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 284, 287;
and M.'s reply to Roane, 322;
omnivorous reader, 363;
and Jefferson's attack on Judiciary, 363, 364;
opinion in Green _vs._ Biddle, 376;
on Todd's absence, 381 _n._;
in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, 471;
on slave trade and law of nations, 476;
opinion in Bank _vs._ Dandridge, 482;
dissent in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, 482 _n._;
on proposed repeal of appellate jurisdiction, 514;
and M.'s suggested resignation, 520;
on M.'s recovery, 528;
dissent in Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia, 546 _n._;
on Worcester _vs._ Georgia, 551;
on Nullification movement, 559;
on Jackson's Proclamation, 563;
M. and Commentaries and its dedication, 569, 576, 580, 581;
on Webster's speech against Nullification, 572;
article on statesmen, 577;
on M.'s green old age, 579;
and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583, 584 _n._;
and M.'s decline, 586, 587;
epitaph for M., 592, 593.

Strict construction. _See_ Nationalism; State Rights.

Strong, Caleb, and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129.

Stuart, David, and chancery bill (1787), =1=, 219;
on title for President, =2=, 36;
on Virginia's hostility to National Government (1790), 68 _n._

Stuart, Gilbert, and engraving for M.'s _Washington_, =3=, 236 _n._;
portraits of Dartmouth College case counsel, =4=, 255 _n._

Stuart _vs._ Laird, =3=, 130.

Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, case, =4=, 209;
M.'s opinion, 209-18;
right of State to enact bankruptcy laws, 208-12;
New York insolvency law as impairing the obligation of contracts,
212-18;
reception of opinion, 218, 219.

Sturgis, Josiah. _See_ Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield.

Subpoena _duces tecum_, to President Adams, =3=, 33, 86;
to Jefferson in Burr trial, 433-47, 450, 518-22;
Jefferson's reply, 454-56;
of Cabinet officers in Ogden-Smith case, 436 _n._

Suffrage, limitation, =1=, 217 _n._, 284, =3=, 13 _n._, 15 _n._;
problem in Virginia, M.'s conservatism on it, =4=, 468-71;
in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention (1820), 471;
debate in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830), 501-07.

Sullivan, George, counsel in Dartmouth College case, =4=, 234.

Sullivan, John, dissatisfaction, =1=, 86;
Brandywine campaign, 95;
Germantown, 102;
intrigue against, 122.

Sullivan, John L., steamboat monopoly, =4=, 415.

Sullivan, Samuel, Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 331.

Sumter, Thomas, on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54;
and Yazoo claims, 583.

Supreme Court, Ware _vs._ Hylton, M.'s argument, =2=, 189-92;
Hunter _vs._ Fairfax, 206-08;
M. declines Associate Justiceship, 347, 378, 379;
salaries (1800), 539 _n._;
question of Chief Justice (1801), 552;
Jefferson's attitude and plans against, =3=, 20-22;
United States _vs._ Hudson, no Federal common-law jurisdiction,
28 _n._;
influence of Alien and Sedition Acts on position, 49;
Justices on circuit, 55;
act abolishing June session, purpose, 94-97;
low place in public esteem, 120;
first room in Capitol, 121 _n._;
mandamus jurisdiction, 127-32;
plan to impeach all Federal Justices, 159-63, 173, 176, 178;
release of Swartwout and Bollmann on habeas corpus, 346, 348-57;
renewal of attack on, during Burr trial, 357;
becomes Republican, =4=, 60;
under M. life and consultations of Justices, 86-89;
character on M.'s control, 89;
practitioners in M.'s time, 94, 95, 131-35;
appointment of successor to Cushing, Story, 106-10;
quarters after burning of Capitol, 130;
appearance in _Nereid_ case, 131;
Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, right of appeal from State courts,
156-67;
salary question (1816), 166;
change in repute, 310;
apostacy of Republican Justices, 317, 358, 359, 444;
Wirt on, 369 _n._;
attack in Congress, movement to restrict power over State
laws (1821-25), 371-80, 394-96, 450;
renewal of attempt (1830), 514-17;
proposed Virginia amendment, 371, 378;
Green _vs._ Biddle, protest of Kentucky, 375-77, 380-82;
alarm in, over attacks, 381;
reversal of attitude toward, causes, 450-54;
personnel (1830), 510;
becomes restive under M.'s rule, 510, 513;
M. anticipates reaction in, against Nationalism, 513, 514, 582, 584;
Jefferson's later denunciation, 538;
Jackson's denial of authority of opinions, 530-32;
rule of majority on constitutional questions, 583.
_See also_ Commerce; Contracts; Declaring acts void; Implied powers;
International law; Judiciary; Marshall, John (_Chief
Justice_); Nationalism; Story, Joseph; cases by title.

Swartwout, Samuel, takes Burr's letter to Wilkinson, =3=, 307;
and Wilkinson, 320, 332 _n._, 354 _n._;
denial of Wilkinson's statement, 320 _n._;
character then, later fall, 321 _n._, 465;
arrested, mistreatment, 332, 334;
brought to Washington, 343;
held for trial, 344-46;
discharged by Supreme Court, 346-57;
testifies at Burr trial, 465;
not indicted, 466 _n._;
insults and challenges Wilkinson, 471;
as Jackson's adviser, =4=, 532 _n._

Sweden, and Barbary Powers, =2=, 499.

Talbot, Isham, on Supreme Court, =4=, 451.

Talbot, Silas, _Sandwich_ affair, =2=, 496;
_Amelia_ case, =3=, 16.

Talbot _vs._ Seeman, =3=, 16, 17, 273 _n._

Taliaferro, Lawrence, colonel of minute men, =1=, 69.

Talleyrand Périgord, Charles M. de,
on narrow belt of settlement, =1=, 258;
on Baltimore, 264;
on food and drink, 282;
rise, =2=, 249, 250;
opinion of United States, 250, 251;
and Bonaparte, 272, 288;
and reopening of American negotiations, 423.
_See also_ X. Y. Z. Mission.

Tallmadge, Benjamin, on War of 1812, =4=, 40 _n._

Talmadge, Matthias B., Ogden-Smith trial, =3=, 436 _n._

Taney, Roger B., as practitioner before M., =4=, 135 _n._;
counsel in Brown _vs._ Maryland, 455;
career, 455 _n._;
later opinion on Brown _vs._ Maryland, 460;
Chief Justice, 584 _n._

Tariff, antagonistic State laws during Confederation, =1=, 310, 311;
Taylor's attack on protection, =4=, 338 _n._, 366-68;
as element in strife of political theories, 370, 536;
threatened resistance, reference to by M. and Johnson, 384,
388 _n._, 394 _n._, 459, 536, 537, 555;
debate (1824) and Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 421;
Compromise, 574.
_See also_ Import duties; Nullification; Taxation.

Tarleton, Banastre, in Philadelphia society, =1=, 109;
in Virginia, 144 _n._

Tarring and feathering, practice, =1=, 214 _n._

Tassels, George, trial and execution, =4=, 542, 543.

Tavern, Richmond (1780), =1=, 172;
at Raleigh, =4=, 65.

Taxation, Virginia commutable act, =1=, 207 _n._;
not cause of Shays's Rebellion, 299, 300;
opposition to power in Federal Constitution, 334;
Ratification debate, 342, 366, 390, 404, 413, 416, 419, 421;
proposed amendment on power, 477;
Federal, as issue (1800), =2=, 520, 530 _n._;
exemption of lands as contract, =4=, 221-23;
M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, Osborn _vs._ Bank, State taxation of
Federal instruments, 302-08;
State power and commerce clause, 435, 454-59.
_See also_ Directory; Excise; Finances;
Requisitions; Tariff.

Taylor, George Keith, and privateer incident, =2=, 106;
courtship and marriage, M.'s interest, 174, 175;
Federal appointment as nepotism, 560 _n._

Taylor, John, of Caroline, Hite _vs._ Fairfax, =1=, 191, 192;
attack on Hamilton's financial system, =2=, 69;
suggests idea of Kentucky Resolutions, 397;
and Callender trial, =3=, 38 _n._, 39, 176, 177, 190, 214;
and repeal of Judiciary Act, 58 _n._, 607-10;
control of Virginia politics, =4=, 146;
attack on M.'s Nationalist opinions, 309, 335-39;
attack on protective tariff, 338 _n._, 366-68.

Taylor, John, of Mass., on travel, =1=, 257;
in Ratification Convention, 345.

Taylor, Peter, testimony in Burr trial, =3=, 425, 426, 465, 488.

Taylor, Robert, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._

Taylor, Thomas, security for Burr, =3=, 429 _n._

Tazewell, Littleton W., grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._;
on Swartwout, 465 _n._;
M. soothes, =4=, 88;
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 484;
in debate on State Judiciary, 489, 490.

Tennessee,
Burr in, his plan to represent in Congress, =3=, 292-96, 312, 313;
tax on external banks, =4=, 207;
and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 334.

Tennessee Company, =3=, 550, 553 _n._
_See also_ Yazoo.

Terence, on law and injustice, =3=, 1.

Terrett _vs._ Taylor, =4=, 243 _n._, 246 _n._

Territory, powers of Governor, =2=, 446;
M. on government, =4=, 142-44.

Thacher, George, and slavery, =2=, 450.

Thatcher, Samuel C., on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 269, 270.

Thayer, James B., on M. at Wickham's dinner, =3=, 396 _n._

Theater, M. and, =2=, 217, 231.

Thibaudeau, Antoine C. de, and 18th Fructidor, =2=, 240.

Thomas, Robert, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 547.

Thompson, James, as M.'s instructor, =1=, 53;
parish, 54;
political opinions, 54;
and military preparation, 70.

Thompson, John, address on Jay Treaty, =2=, 126-29;
Curtius letters on M., 395, 396, =3=, 354;
character, =2=, 396 _n._

Thompson, John A., arrest by Georgia, =4=, 574.

Thompson, Lucas P.,
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 496, 500.

Thompson, Philip R., in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 74;
and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 347.

Thompson, Samuel, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 345, 346, 348.

Thompson, Smith, on Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 406;
dissents from Brown _vs._ Maryland, 455;
on slave trade and law of nations, 476;
opinion in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, 481 _n._;
dissent in Craig _vs._ Missouri, 513;
dissent in Cherokee Nation _vs._ Georgia, 546 _n._;
and M., 582;
and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583.

Thompson, William, attack on M., =3=, 525, 533-35.

Thruston, Buckner, of Smith committee, =3=, 541 _n._

Ticknor, George, on M., =4=, 91 _n._;
on Supreme Court in _Nereid_ case, 131.

Tiffin, Edward, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 324.

Tilghman, Tench, on luxury in Philadelphia, =1=, 108 _n._

Titles, influence of French Revolutions, =2=, 36-38.

Toasts, typical Federalist (1798), =2=, 349 _n._;
Federalist, to the Judiciary, 548 _n._;
Burr's, on Washington's birthday, =3=, 280;
Jefferson's, on freedom of the seas, =4=, 23;
Jackson's "Union," 557.

Tobacco, characteristics of culture, =1=, 19;
universal use, =3=, 399.

Todd, Thomas, and Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, =4=, 153;
and Dartmouth College case, 255;
and Green _vs._ Biddle, 381 _n._;
on regulating power to declare State acts void, 396 _n._

Tompkins, Daniel D., and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 411.

Tories. _See_ Loyalists.

Townsend, Henry A., and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 409 _n._

Tracy, Uriah, and reopening of French negotiations, =2=, 425;
on pardon of Fries, 430 _n._;
on Republican ascendancy (1800), 521 _n._;
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, =3=, 61;
on Louisiana Purchase, 150;
at Chase trial, 217;
and Burr, 281.

Transportation. _See_ Commerce; Communication; Internal improvements.

Travel, hardships, =1=, 250, 255-64;
conditions as an index of community isolation, 251, 255;
conditions (c. 1815), =3=, 4 _n._, 5 _n._;
stage time between Richmond and Raleigh (c. 1810), =4=, 63 _n._

Treason, Jefferson's views in 1794 and 1807, =2=, 91;
Fries trial, =3=, 34-36;
basis of constitutional limitation, 349-51, 402-04;
necessity of actual levy of war, what constitutes, 350, 351, 377-79,
388, 442, 491, 505-09, 619;
presence of accused at assembly, 350, 484, 493-97, 502, 509-12, 540,
620-26;
legal order of proof, 424, 425, 484-87;
attempt to amend law, 540.

Treaties, M. on constitutional power of execution, Jonathan Robins
case, =2=, 461-71;
supreme law, =3=, 17, =4=, 156.
_See also_ next title.

Treaty-making power, in Ratification debate, =1=, 442, 444;
in contest over Jay Treaty, =2=, 119, 128, 133-36, 141-43.

Trevett _vs._ Weeden, =3=, 611.

Trimble, David, attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 395.

Trimble, Robert, opinion in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, =4=, 481 _n._

Triplett, James, and Callender trial, =3=, 37.

Tronçon, -----, and 18th Fructidor, =2=, 240.

Troup, George M., and Yazoo claims, denunciation of M., =3=, 596-601.

Troup, Robert on Republicans and X. Y. Z. dispatches, =2=, 339, 342;
on M.'s return, 344;
on war preparations, 357, 363;
on Adams's absence, 431;
on disruption of British-debts commission, 501;
on Federalist dissensions, 526;
on Hamilton's attack on Adams, 528 _n._;
on Morris in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 71;
on isolation of Burr, 279 _n._, 280 _n._

Trumbull, Jonathan, and pardon of Williams, =2=, 496 _n._

Truxtun, Thomas, and Burr Conspiracy, =3=, 302, 303, 614;
at trial, testimony, 451, 458-62, 488;
career and grievance, 458 _n._, 462.

Tucker, George,
on social conditions in Virginia, =1=, 23 _n._, 24 _n._

Tucker, Henry St. George, and internal improvements, =4=, 418;
counsel in Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 161.

Tucker, St. George, on British debts, =1=, 441 _n._;
and right of secession, =3=, 430;
and Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, =4=, 148 _n._, 151 _n._

Tucker, Thomas T., journey (1790), =3=, 55 _n._

Tunno, Adam, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 566 _n._

Tupper, Edward W., and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 427.