Chapter X: The Final Conflict (5)

Fairfax, Baron, career and character, =1=, 47-50;
influence on Washington and M.'s father, 50.
_See also_ Fairfax estate.

Fairfax, Denny M., M.'s debt, =3=, 223;
and Hunter's grant, =4=, 147;
sale of land to M.'s brother, 150 _n._

Fairfax estate, M.'s argument on right, =1=, 191-96;
M.'s purchase and title, 196, =2=, 100, 101, 203-11, 371, 373,
=3=, 582;
in Reconstruction debate, =1=, 447-49, 458;
Jay Treaty and, =2=, 129;
controversy over title, Virginia Legislature and compromise, 206,
209, =4=, 148-50;
and Judiciary Bill (1801), =2=, 551;
M.'s children at, =4=, 74;
M.'s life at, 74.
See also Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee.

Fairfax's Devisee _vs._ Hunter's Lessee.
_See_ Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee.

Falls of the Ohio, Burr's plan to canalize, =3=, 291 _n._

Farmicola, ----, tavern in Richmond, =1=, 172.

Farrar, Timothy, Report of Dartmouth College case, =4=, 250 _n._

Fauchet, Jean A. J., and Randolph, =2=, 146.

Fauquier County, Va., minute men, =1=, 69.

Faux, William,
on frontier inhabitants, =4=, 188, 189 _n._, 190, 190 _n._

Federal Constitution, constitutionality of assumption, =2=, 66;
Bank, 71-74;
and party politics, 75;
excise, 87;
neutrality proclamation, 95;
treaty-making power, 119, 128, 133, 134-36, 141;
Alien and Sedition Acts, 383, 404.
_See also_ Amendment;
Federal Convention; Government;
Marshall, John (_Chief Justice_);
Nationalism; Ratification; State Rights.

Federal Convention, economic mainspring, =1=, 241, 242, 310, 312;
demand for a second convention, 242, 248, 355, 362, 379-81, 477,
=2=, 49, 57 _n._;
class of Framers, =1=, 255 _n._;
secrecy, 323, 335, 405;
revolutionary results, 323-25, 373, 375, 425;
and declaring acts void, =3=, 114-16;
M.'s biography of Washington on, 262;
and treason, 402;
on obligation of contracts, 557 _n._, 558 _n._;
commerce clause, =4=, 423.
_See also_ Ratification.

Federal District. See District of Columbia.

_Federalist_, influence on Marbury decision, =3=, 119, 120.

Federalist Party, use, =2=, 74-76;
economic basis, 125 _n._;
leaders impressed by M. (1796), 198;
effect of X. Y. Z. Mission, 355, 358;
fatality of Alien and Sedition Acts, 361, 381;
issues in 1798, 410;
French hostility as party asset, 422, 424, 427;
and Adams's renewal of negotiations, 422-28;
and pardon of Fries, 429-31;
M.'s importance to, in Congress, 432, 436;
M. and breaking-up, 514, 515, 526;
hopes in control of enlarged Judiciary, 547, 548;
in defeat, on Republican rule, =3=, 11-15;
Jefferson on forebodings, 14;
Judiciary as stronghold, Republican fear, 20, 21, 77;
and plans against Judiciary, 22;
and perpetual allegiance, 27 _n._;
and Louisiana Purchase, 148-53;
and impeachment of Chase, 173;
moribund, 256, 257;
M. on origin, 259-61;
secession plots and Burr, 281, 298;
intrigue with Merry, 281, 288;
as British partisans, =4=, 1, 2, 9, 10;
and _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, 9;
and Embargo, 12-17;
and Erskine, 22;
and War of, 1812, 30, 45, 46, 48.
_See also_ Congress; Elections; Politics; Secession.

Fenno, John, on troubles of conservative editor, =2=, 30.

Fertilizing Co. _vs._ Hyde Park, =4=, 279 _n._

Few, William, and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129.

Fiction, M.'s fondness, =1=, 41, =4=, 79.

Field, Peter, =1=, 11 _n._

Filibustering, first act against, =1=, 237.

Finances, powerlessness of Confederation, =1=, 232, 295-97, 304, 387,
388, 415-17.
_See also_ Banking; Bankruptcy; Debts; Economic conditions; Money;
Taxation.

Finch, Francis M., on treason, =3=, 401.

Findley, John, on Yazoo claims, =3=, 579.

Finnie, William, relief bill, =1=, 215.

Fisher, George, M.'s neighbor, =2=, 172;
and Bank of Virginia, =4=, 194.

Fiske, John, on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 277.

Fitch, Jabez G., and Lyon, =3=, 31, 32.

Fitch, John, steamboat invention, =4=, 399 _n._, 409 _n._

Fitzhugh,----, at William and Mary, =1=, 159.

Fitzhugh, Nicholas, and Swartwout and Bollmann, =3=, 346.

Fitzhugh, William H.,
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, =4=, 501 _n._

Fitzpatrick, Richard, in Philadelphia society, =1=, 110.

Fleming, William, of Virginia Court of Appeals, =4=, 148.

"Fletcher of Saltoun," attack on M., =4=, 361 _n._

Fletcher, Robert. _See_ Fletcher _vs._ Peck.

Fletcher _vs._ Peck, decision anticipated, =3=, 88;
importance and results, 556, 593-95, 602;
origin, 583;
before Circuit Court, 584;
before Supreme Court, first hearing, 585;
collusion, Johnson's separate opinion, 585, 592, 601;
second hearing, 585;
M.'s opinion, 586-91;
congressional denunciation of decision, 595-601.

Fleury, Louis, Stony Point, =1=, 140.

Flint, James, on newspaper abuse, =4=, 175 _n._;
on bank mania, 187, 188, 192 _n._, 193;
on bankruptcy frauds, 202.

Flint, Timothy, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 270.

Florida, Bowles's activity, =2=, 497-99;
M. on annexation and territorial government, =4=, 142-44.
_See also_ West Florida.

Floyd, Davis, Indiana Canal Company, =3=, 291 _n._;
Burr conspiracy, 361.

Floyd, John, and Nullification, =4=, 567.

Folch, Visente, on Wilkinson, =3=, 284 _n._, 337 _n._

Food, frontier, =1=, 39;
of period of the Confederation, 280-82.

Foot, Samuel A., resolution and Hayne-Webster debate, =4=, 553 _n._

Force Act (1809), =4=, 16.

Fordyce, Captain, battle of Great Bridge, =1=, 77.

Foreign relations, policy of isolation, =2=, 235, 388, =3=, 14.
_See also_ Neutrality.

Forsyth, John, attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 395.

Foster, Thomas F., attack on Supreme Court, =4=, 516.

Foushee, William, Richmond physician, =1=, 189 _n._;
candidacy for Ratification Convention, 364;
and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, =2=, 152;
grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413.

Fowler, John, on Judiciary Act of 1801, =2=, 561 _n._

France, American alliance, =1=, 133, 138;
hatred of Federalists, =4=, 2-5, 15.
_See also_ Directory; Franco-American War; French and Indian War;
French Revolution; Napoleonic Wars; Neutral trade; X. Y. Z.
Mission.

Franco-American War, preparations, =2=, 355, 357, 403;
Washington on, 357;
Jefferson and prospect, 358;
French hostility as Federalist asset, 422, 424, 427;
political result of reopening negotiations, 422-28, 433, 436;
naval exploits, 427;
M. and renewal of negotiations, 428;
M. on need of continued preparedness, debate on reducing
army (1800), 436, 439, 476-81;
army as political issue, 439;
_Sandwich_ incident, 496;
England and renewal of negotiations, 501;
negotiations and presidential campaign, 522, 524;
M. and prospects of negotiations, 522, 523;
treaty, 524;
treaty in Senate, 525;
_Amelia_ case, =3=, 16, 17.
_See also_ X. Y. Z. Mission.

Franklin, Benjamin, Albany Plan, =1=, 9 _n._;
on newspaper abuse, 268, 269, =3=, 204;
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 115 _n._

Franklin, Jesse, and Pickering impeachment, =3=, 168 _n._;
of Smith committee, 541 _n._

Franks, Rebecca, on British occupation of Philadelphia, =1=, 109.

Fraud, and obligation of contracts, =3=, 587, 598, 599.

Frederick County, Va., Indian raids, =1=, 1 _n._

Fredericksburg, Va., as Republican stronghold (1798), =2=, 354.

Free ships, free goods, Jay Treaty and, =2=, 114, 128;
and X. Y. Z. Mission, 303-05;
and neutral goods in enemy ships, =4=, 137-41.

"Freeholder," queries to M. (1898), M.'s reply, =2=, 386-89, 574-77.

Freeman, Constant, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 330.

French and Indian War, raids, =1=, 1, 30 _n._;
Braddock's march and defeat, 2-5;
effect of defeat on colonists, 5, 6, 9.

French decrees on Neutral trade, =4=, 6, 7, 26, 36-39.

French Revolution, influence of American Revolution, =2=, 1;
influence on United States, 2-4, 42-44;
universality of early American approval, 4, 9;
Morris's unfavorable reports, 6-9, 248;
first division of American opinion, 10, 15, 22;
Burke's warning, 10-12;
influence of Paine's _Rights of Man_, 12-15;
Adams's Publicola papers, 15-18;
replies to them, 18, 19;
American enthusiasm and popular support, 19, 22, 23, 27-31;
influence on politicians, 20;
influence of St. Domingo rising, 20-22;
conservative American opinion, 23, 32, 40;
Jefferson on influence, 24, 39;
Jefferson's support of excesses, 24-26;
Short's reports, 24 _n._, 25 _n._;
popular reception of Genêt, his conduct, 28, 29, 301;
humors of popular enthusiasm, 34-36;
and hostility to titles, 36-38;
American democratic clubs, 38-40, 88, 89;
economic division of opinion, 42;
policy of American neutrality, 92-107;
British depredations on neutral trade, question of war, 108-12;
Jay Treaty, 112-15;
support of Republican Party, 131 _n._, 223;
Monroe as Minister, 222, 224;
Henry's later view, 411.
_See also_ Directory.

Freneau, Philip, on country editor, =1=, 270 _n._;
on frontiersman, 275;
defends French Revolution, =2=, 30 _n._;
on Lafayette, 33;
as Jefferson's mouthpiece, 81;
attacks on Washington, 93 _n._;
on Jay Treaty, 118.

Fries's Insurrection, pardons, =2=, 429-31, =3=, 36 _n._;
M. on, =2=, 435;
trial, 8, 34-36.

Frontier, advance after French and Indian War, =1=, 38;
qualities of frontiersmen, 28-31, 235, 274-77, =4=, 188-90;
conditions of life, =1=, 39-41, 53, 54 _n._;
and Virginia foreign extradition act (1784), 236-41.
_See also_ West.

Frontier posts, retention and non-payment of British debts, =1=, 225,
227, 230, =2=, 108, 111;
surrender, 114.

Fulton, Robert,
steamboat experiments, Livingston's interest, =4=, 397-99;
partnership and success, grant of New York monopoly, 400;
and steamboats on the Mississippi, monopoly in Louisiana, 402, 414.
_See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden.

Fulton Street, New York, origin of name, =4=, 402 _n._

Funding. _See_ Public debt.

Fur-trade, and retention of frontier posts, =2=, 108.

Gaillard, John, votes to acquit Chase, =3=, 218.

Gaines, Edward P., and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 367, 456 _n._

Gallatin, Albert, and M. in Richmond (1784), =1=, 183;
on Murray and French negotiations, =2=, 423 _n._;
and cession of Western Reserve, 446;
and Jonathan Robins case, 464, 474;
on Jefferson-Burr contest, 547;
on Washington (1802), =3=, 4;
commission on Georgia's cession, 574 _n._

Gamble, John G., Burr's security, =3=, 429 _n._

Garnett, James M., grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._

Garnett, Robert S., on Nationalism and overthrow of slavery, =4=, 536.

Gaston, William, and Granville heirs case, =4=, 156 _n._

Gates, Horatio, Conway Cabal, =1=, 121-23.

_Gazette of the United States_, lack of public support, =2=, 30;
on M.'s reception (1798), 344;
on Republican success (1800), 532 _n._

Gazor, Madame de, actress, =2=, 232.

General welfare, clause feared, =1=, 333;
M. on protection (1788), 414;
and internal improvements, =4=, 418.
_See also_ Implied powers.

Georgetown in 1801, =3=, 3.

Genêt, Edmond C., popular and official reception, =2=, 28, 29;
M.'s review of conduct, 301.

Georgia, Ratification, =1=, 325;
conditions (1795), =3=, 552;
western claim and cession, 553, 569, 570, 573;
tax on Bank of the United States, =4=, 207;
and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 334;
steamboat monopoly, 415.
_See also_ Cherokee Indians; Yazoo.

Georgia Company, Yazoo land purchase, =3=, 550.
_See also_ Yazoo.

Georgia Mississippi Company, Yazoo land purchase, =3=, 550.
_See also_ Yazoo.

Germantown, Pa., battle, =1=, 102.

Germantown, Va., on frontier, =1=, 7.

Gerry, Elbridge, on revolutionary action of Framers, =1=, 324;
and Ratification, 352, 353;
on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54;
accident (1790), 55 _n._;
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 115 _n._;
and on obligation of contracts, 558 _n._
_See also_ X. Y. Z. Mission.

Gettysburg Address, M. and, =4=, 293 _n._

Gibbons, Thomas, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 409-11.
_See also_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden.

Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, steamship monopoly in New York, =4=, 401;
claim to monopoly in interstate voyages, opposition, retaliatory
acts, 403, 404, 415;
early suits on monopoly, avoidance of Federal Constitution, 405;
Kent's opinion on monopoly and power over interstate commerce,
406-12;
concurrent or exclusive power, 409, 426, 427, 434-38, 443-45;
early history of final case, 409-12;
importance and effect of decision, 413, 423, 429, 446, 447, 450;
counsel before Supreme Court, 413, 423, 424;
continuance, 413;
increase of State monopoly grants, 414, 415;
great development of steamboat transportation, 415, 416;
suit and internal improvements controversy, 416-21;
and tariff controversy, 421;
political importance, 422;
specific question, 422;
origin of commerce clause in Constitution, 422;
argument, 424-37;
confusion in State regulation, 426;
M.'s earlier decision on subject, 427-29;
M.'s opinion, 429-33;
field of term commerce, navigation, 431, 432;
power oversteps State boundaries, 433;
supremacy of National coasting license over State regulations,
438-41;
effect of strict construction, 442;
Johnson's opinion, 443;
popularity of decision, 445;
later New York decision upholding, 447-51.

Gibson, John B., and M., =4=, 82.

Gilchrist _vs._ Collector, =3=, 154 _n._

Giles, William B., attack on Hamilton, =2=, 84 _n._;
on Jay Treaty and Fairfax estate, 129;
accuses M. of hypocrisy, 140;
on Washington, 165 _n._;
deserts Congress (1798), 340 _n._;
and Judiciary Bill (1801), 551;
and assault on Judiciary, repeal of Act of 1801, =3=, 22, 76-78,
=4=, 490, 491;
as House leader, =3=, 75;
appearance, 76;
and M., 76 _n._;
accident (1805), 55 _n._;
on spoils, 157;
leader in Senate, 157 _n._, 159 _n._;
on right of impeachment, 158, 173;
attempt to win Burr, 182;
and Chase trial, 197;
vote on Chase, 218, 219;
and bill to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 346;
and Judiciary and Burr trial, 357, 382, 507;
and grand jury on Burr, 410, 422;
and attempted expulsion of Senator Smith, 544;
on Yazoo claims, 581;
on Federalists as Anglicans, =4=, 10;
and recharter of first Bank of the United States, 174;
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 484;
conservatism there, 489, 507;
in debate on State Judiciary, 490-492, 496, 499;
reflects on Jefferson, 491.

Gilmer, Francis W., on M. as a lawyer, =2=, 178, 193-95;
character, 396 _n._

Gindrat, Henry, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 546, 547.

Goddard, Calvin, in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 74 _n._, 87.

Goode, Samuel, and slavery, =2=, 450.

Goodrich, Chauncey, on Federalist confusion (1800), =2=, 516;
and new French negotiations, 522;
on Dartmouth College case, =4=, 237 _n._, 248.

Goodrich, Samuel G., on state of education (c. 1790), =1=, 271.

Gordon, William F., and bill on Supreme Court, =4=, 515, 516.

Gore, Christopher, argument for Ratification, =1=, 343.

Gorham, Nathaniel,
on Constitutionalist leaders in Massachusetts, =1=, 347 _n._

Government,
general dislike after Revolution, =1=, 232, 275, 284, 285, 289;
effect of Paine's _Common Sense_, 288.
_See also_ Anarchy; Bill of Rights; Confederation; Congress;
Continental Congress; Crime; Demagogism; Democracy; Despotism;
Division of powers; Federal Constitution; Judiciary; Law and
order; Legislature; Liberty; License; Majority; Marshall,
John (_Chief Justice_); Monarchy; Nationalism; Nobility;
Nullification; People; Police powers; Politics; President;
Religious tests; State Rights; Secession; Separation of
powers; Treason; Suffrage.

Governor, powers of territorial, =2=, 446.

_Grace_, brig, =2=, 219.

Graham, Catharine M., on American and French revolutions, =2=, 2 _n._

Graham, John, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 323, 324, 326, 456 _n._

Grand jury, character of early Federal charges, =3=, 30 _n._;
in Burr trial, 408-15, 422, 442, 451.

Granger, Gideon, and drinking, =3=, 9 _n._;
and Yazoo claims, Randolph's denunciation, 576 _n._, 577, 578, 581;
and Connecticut Reserve, 578;
and Justiceship, =4=, 109, 110.

Granville heirs case, =4=, 154, 155, 155 _n._, 156 _n._

Graves, James, case, =4=, 552 _n._

Gravier, John, New Orleans batture controversy, =4=, 102.

Gray, William F., on M., =4=, 67 _n._

Graydon, Alexander, on Ratification in Pennsylvania, =1=, 327 _n._;
on military titles, 328 _n._;
on reception of Genêt, =2=, 29.

Grayson, William, in the Legislature, =1=, 203;
on Ratification in Virginia, 402, 403 _n._;
characterized, 423;
in debate in Ratification Convention, 424-27, 431, 435, 436, 438,
461, 470;
appeal to fear, 439 _n._;
on prospect of Ratification, 442, 444;
on Washington's influence on it, 475;
chosen Senator, =2=, 50;
on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54.

Great Bridge, battle of, =1=, 76-78.

Great Britain,
Anti-Constitutionalist praise of government, =1=, 391, 405, 426;
M.'s reply, 418;
depredations on neutral trade (1793-94), =2=, 107, 108;
retention of frontier posts, 108;
unpreparedness for war with, 108-10;
courts war, 110-12;
Jay Treaty, 112-15;
American and French relations and X. Y. Z. Mission, 271, 283, 312,
321, 322;
French negotiations (1797), 295;
French preparations to invade (1798), 321, 322;
and Bowles in Florida, 498;
disruption of commission on British debts, compromise, 500-05;
and renewal of American negotiations with France, 501;
M.'s protest on depredations on neutral trade, 506-14;
Federalists as partisans, =4=, 2-5, 9, 10;
Jefferson's hatred, 8, 11 _n._, 26 _n._
_See also_ American Revolution; British debts; Jay Treaty;
Napoleonic Wars; Neutral trade; War of 1812.

Green, John. _See_ Green _vs._ Biddle.

Green _vs._ Biddle, =4=, 375, 376, 380.

Greene, Nathanael, on state of the army (1776), =1=, 81;
intrigue against, 122;
as Quartermaster-General, 133;
Johnson's biography, =3=, 267 _n._

Greene, Mrs. Nathanael, and Eli Whitney, =3=, 555.

Gregg, Andrew, and reply to President's address (1799), =2=, 436.

Grenville, Lord, and British debts, =2=, 502.

Grey, Sir Charles, in Philadelphia campaign, =1=, 100.

Greybell, ----, evidence in Burr trial, =3=, 451.

Griffin, Cyrus, Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 188;
and trial of Burr, =3=, 398;
Jefferson's attempt to influence, 520;
question of successor, =4=, 100, 103-06;
career, 105 _n._

Grigsby, Hugh B., on hardships of travel, =1=, 260;
on prosperity of Virginia, 306 _n._;
on importance of Virginia in Ratification, 359;
value of work on Virginia Ratification Convention, 369 _n._;
on Giles, =3=, 75 _n._

Griswold, Roger, Judiciary Bill (1801), =2=, 548;
in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 74 _n._, 89;
on bill on sessions of Supreme Court, 96;
on secession, 152;
and Burr and secession, 281, 289.

Grundy, Felix, and War of 1812, =4=, 29.

Gunn, James, on enlargement of Federal Judiciary, =2=, 548;
on Chief Justiceship, 553;
and Yazoo lands, =3=, 549, 550, 555;
character, 550 _n._;
burned in effigy, 559.

Gurley, R. R., and M. and American Colonization Society, =4=, 474.

Habeas corpus, attempt of Congress to suspend privileges of
writ (1807), =3=, 346-48.

Hague, The, M. on, =2=, 231.

"Hail, Columbia!" origin, historic importance, =2=, 343.

Hale, Benjamin, and Dartmouth College case, =4=, 239 _n._

Hale, Joseph, on Republican rule (1801), =3=, 12;
on plans against Judiciary, 22.

Hall, John E., and Jefferson's attack on Judiciary, =4=, 364.

Hamilton, Alexander, in Philadelphia campaign, =1=, 101;
army intrigue against, 122;
on revolutionary action of Framers, 323 _n._;
and organization of Constitutionalists, 357, 358;
on importance of Ratification by Virginia, 358;
compared with Madison, 397 _n._;
financial aid to Lee, 435 _n._;
and aid for Fenno, =2=, 30 _n._;
financial measures, 60;
deal on Assumption and Capital, 63, 64;
on Virginia's protest on Assumption, 68;
on constitutionality of Bank, 72-74;
and antagonism in Cabinet, 82;
congressional inquiry, 84;
and Whiskey Insurrection, 87;
on constitutionality of Neutrality Proclamation, 95;
on mercantile support of Jay Treaty, 116, 148;
mobbed, 116;
defense of Jay Treaty, Camillus letters, 120;
and Henry's presidential candidacy (1796), 157 _n._;
and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, 227;
on Alien and Sedition Acts, 382;
on Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 408;
control over Adams's Cabinet, 486-88;
attack on Adams, 516, 517 _n._, 527-29;
on new French treaty, 524;
and Jefferson-Burr contest, 533, 536;
statement in _Federalist_ on judicial supremacy, =3=, 119, 120;
Adams on, and French War, 258 _n._;
M.'s biography of Washington on, 263;
pursuit of Burr, 277 _n._, 281;
duel, 278 _n._;
and army in French War, 277 _n._;
and Spanish America, 286 _n._;
opinion on Yazoo lands, 568, 569;
and Harper's opinion, 572 _n._

Hamilton, James, Jr., on Tariff of 1824, =4=, 537;
and of 1828, 537;
and Nullification, 560, 574.

Hammond, Charles, counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 385.

Hampton, Wade, and Yazoo lands, =3=, 548, 566 _n._

Hancock, John, and Ratification, =1=, 339, 344, 347;
Madison on, 339 _n._

Handwriting, M.'s, =1=, 211.

Hanson, A. C, on Embargo and secession, =4=, 17.

Harding, Chester, portraits of M., on M., =4=, 76, 85.

Harding, Samuel B.,
on bribery in Massachusetts Ratification, =1=, 354 _n._

Hare, Charles W., on Embargo, =4=, 17 _n._

Harper, John L., Osborn _vs._ Bank, =4=, 329, 330.

Harper, Robert G., on French and Jefferson (1797), =2=, 279 _n._;
mob threat against, 355;
cites Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 154 _n._;
counsel for Chase, 185;
argument, 206;
counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, 345;
and Yazoo lands, pamphlet and debate, 555, 571, 572, 573 _n._;
counsel in Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 585;
and Story, =4=, 98;
on Pinkney, 131 _n._;
counsel in Fairfax's Devisee _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 156;
counsel in Osborn _vs._ Bank, 385.

Harper, William, Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 110.

Harrison, Benjamin, and British debts, =1=, 231;
in the Legislature, 203;
in Ratification Convention: and delay, 372;
characterized, 420;
in the debate, 421;
and amendments, 473.

Harrison, Thomas, grand juror on Burr, =3=, 413 _n._

Harrison, William Henry,
Wilkinson's letter introducing Burr, =3=, 298.

Hartford Convention, =4=, 51.

Harvard University, M.'s sons attend, =4=, 73;
honorary degree to M., 89.

Harvey, ----, and Jay Treaty, =2=, 121.

Harvie, Emily, acknowledgment to, =4=, 528 _n._

Harvie, Jacquelin B., and Callender trial, =3=, 192;
M.'s son-in-law, 192 _n._, =4=, 73.

Harvie, Mary (Marshall), =3=, 192 _n._, =4=, 73.

Haskell, Anthony, trial, =3=, 31, 32.

Hauteval, ----, as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, =2=, 276.

Hay, George, attack on M. in Jefferson-Burr contest, =2=, 542;
career, 542 _n._;
in Callender trial, =3=, 38, 40;
as witness in Chase trial, 189;
and preliminary hearing on Burr, 370, 372, 373, 379, 380;
and pardon for Bollmann, 392, 450, 452, 453;
prosecutes Burr, 407;
and M., 408, =4=, 78;
and instruction of grand jury, =3=, 413;
and new commitment for treason, 415-17, 423-25;
on incitation of public opinion at trial, 420 _n._;
and subpoena to Jefferson, 434, 435, 440, 518, 520;
reports to Jefferson, instructions from him, 430-32, 434, 448-51,
483, 484;
on M.'s statement of prosecution's expectation of conviction, 448,
449;
on Jackson at trial, 457 _n._;
and confinement of Burr, 477;
on M. and Burr, 483, 484;
opening statement, 484;
on overt act, 500;
threat against M., 500, 501;
and further trials, 515, 521, 523, 524, 527;
on conduct of trial, 526;
fee, 530 _n._;
pamphlet on impressment, =4=, 52.

Hayburn case, =3=, 612.

Hayne, Robert Y., on Tariff of 1828, =4=, 537;
Webster debate, 552;
counter on Jackson's Nullification Proclamation, 564, 565.

Haywood, John, on M., =4=, 66.

Haywood, M. D., anecdote on M., =4=, 64 _n._

Hazard, ----, and Henry Lee, =1=, 435 _n._

Haze, Samuel, and Dartmouth College troubles, =4=, 226.

Health, conditions in Washington, =3=, 6.

Heath, John, on Jay Treaty and Fairfax grant, =2=, 129;
as witness in Chase trial, =3=, 191, 192.

Heath, William, and Ratification, =1=, 347.

Henderson, Archibald, in Judiciary debate (1802), =3=, 73.

Henderson, Archibald,
acknowledgments to, =4=, 63 _n._, 64 _n._, 66 _n._

Henderson, Richard H., on M., =4=, 489 _n._

Henfield, Gideon, trial, =3=, 25, 26.

Henry, Patrick, as statesman, =1=, 32;
and Robinson's loan-office bill, 60;
Stamp-Act Resolutions, 62-65;
Resolutions for Arming and Defense, 66;
and Conway Cabal, 121;
in the Legislature, 203, 208;
and Council of State as a machine, 210;
and amendment of Virginia Constitution, 217;
and chancery bill (1787), 219;
and British debts, 226, 229 _n._, 230, 441;
and Confederate navigation act, 235;
and extradition bill (1784), 239;
plan for intermarriage of Indians and whites, 240 _n._;
and calling of Ratification Convention, 245;
fear of the Federal District, 291, 439 _n._;
on popular majority against Ratification, 321;
feared by Constitutionalists, 358;
in campaign for Ratification delegates, 365;
in Ratification Convention: on revolutionary action of Framers, 373,
375;
and Nicholas, 374;
characterized, 375;
in the debate, 375, 388-91, 397-400, 403-06, 428-30, 433, 435, 438,
440, 441, 449, 464;
on consolidated government, 375, 388, 389, 433;
on power of the President, 390;
effect of speeches, 392, 403;
and Philips case, 393 _n._, 398;
on Randolph's change of front, 398, 406;
defense of the Confederation, 388, 389, 399;
on Federal Government as alien, 389, 399, 428, 439 _n._;
on free navigation of the Mississippi, 403, 430, 431;
on obligation of contracts, 428;
on payment of paper money, 429;
on declaring acts void, 429;
on danger to the South, 430;
on standing army, 435;
and M., 438, 464;
on need of a Bill of Rights, 440;
on Federal Judiciary, 449, 464;
on Indian lands, 464;
assault on, speculation, 465-67, =2=, 203 _n._;
in contest over recommendatory amendments, =1=, 469-71, 474;
threat to secede from Convention, 472;
submits, 474, 478;
effect of French Revolution on, =2=, 41, 411;
and opposition after Ratification, 48-50, 57 _n._;
and Federal Convention, 60 _n._;
and assumption of State debts, 65;
on Jefferson and Madison, 79;
and offer of Attorney-Generalship, 124-26;
Federalist, 124 _n._;
and presidential candidacy (1796), 156-58;
on abuse of Washington, 164;
Ware _vs._ Hylton, 188;
champions M.'s candidacy for Congress (1798), 411-13;
on Virginia Resolutions, 411;
Jefferson on support of M., 419, 420;
and Chief Justiceship, =3=, 121 _n._;
in M.'s biography of Washington, 244;
and Yazoo lands, 554.

Herbert, George, on War of 1812, =4=, 51 _n._

Heyward, Mrs. ----, M. and, =2=, 217.

Higginson, Stephen, on Gerry, =2=, 364.

High seas, M. on jurisdiction over crimes on, =2=, 465-67;
as common possession, =4=, 119.

Hill, Aaron, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, =3=, 43.

Hill, Jeremiah, on Ratification contest, =1=, 341;
on importance of Virginia in Ratification, 358.

Hillard, George S., on M., =4=, 61 _n._

Hillhouse, James, and Burr, =3=, 281;
and secession, 281, 289;
on Adams's report on Burr conspiracy, 544;
and Embargo, =4=, 13.

Hinson, ----, and Burr, =3=, 367.

Hitchcock, Samuel, Lyon trial, =3=, 31 _n._

Hite _vs._ Fairfax, =1=, 191-96.

Hobby, William J., pamphlet on Yazoo lands, =3=, 573 _n._

Hoffman, J. Ogden, counsel in _Nereid_ case, =4=, 131.

Hollow, The, M.'s early home, =1=, 36-38.

Holmes, John, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 346.

Holmes, John, counsel in Dartmouth College case, =4=, 239, 253.

Holmes _vs._ Walton, =3=, 611.

Holt, Charles, trial, =3=, 41.

Hooe, Robert T., Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 110.

Hopkinson, Joseph, "Hail, Columbia!" =2=, 343;
counsel for Chase, =3=, 185;
argument, 198;
on Embargo, =4=, 12 _n._;
as practitioner before M., 95;
counsel in Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, 209;
counsel in Dartmouth College case, 238, 254, 258, 259;
and M., 238 _n._;
appointment as District Judge, 238 _n._;
appearance, 254;
fee and portrait in Dartmouth case, 255 _n._;
and success in case, 274;
counsel in M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 285.

Horatius articles, =2=, 541 _n._, 542 _n._

Horses, scarcity, =1=, 162 _n._

Hortensius letter, =2=, 542.

Hottenguer, ----, and M.'s purchase of Fairfax estate, =2=, 205;
as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, 259-65, 272-78, 281.

House of Burgesses, M.'s father as member, =1=, 58;
control by tide-water aristocracy, 59;
Robinson case, 60;
Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions, sectional divergence, 61-65.
_See also_ Legislature of Virginia.

Houses, M.'s boyhood homes, =1=, 37, 55;
of period of Confederation, 280, 281.

Hovey, Benjamin, Indiana Canal Company, =3=, 291 _n._

Howard, Samuel, steamboat monopoly, =4=, 415.

Howe, Henry, on frontier illiteracy, =1=, 272 _n._

Howe, Sir William, Pennsylvania campaign, =1=, 92-106.

Hudson River. _See_ Gibbons _vs._ Ogden.

Hulme, Thomas, on frontiersmen, =4=, 189 _n._

Humor, M.'s quality, =1=, 73, =4=, 62, 78, 83.

Humphries, David, on Shays's Rebellion, =1=, 299.

Hunter, David. _See_ Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee.

Hunter, William, counsel in Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield, =4=, 209.

Hunter _vs._ Fairfax's Devisee, =2=, 206-08.
_See also_ Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee.

Huntingdon, Countess of, on M. as orator, =2=, 188.

Huntington, Ebenezer, on Republican ascendancy (1800), =2=, 521.

Hutchinson, Thomas, and declaring acts void, =3=, 612.

Illinois, prohibits external banks, =4=, 207;
and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 334.

Illiteracy, at period of Confederation, =1=, 272;
later prevalence, =3=, 13 _n._
_See also_ Education.

Immigration. _See_ New York _vs._ Miln.

Immunity of foreign man-of-war, =4=, 122-25.

Impeachment, proposed amendment on, =2=, 141;
as weapon against Federalist judges, =3=, 21;
Monroe's suggestion for Justices (1802), 59;
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 73, 80, 81;
expected excuse in Marbury _vs._ Madison opinion, 62 _n._, 112, 113;
as second phase of attack on Judiciary, 111;
Pickering case, 111, 164-68;
State case of Judge Addison, 112, 163, 164;
and opinion in Marbury _vs._ Madison, 143, 153, 155;
M.'s fear, 155, 176-79, 192, 196;
for political or indictable offense, 158, 164, 165, 168 _n._, 173,
198-200, 202, 207, 206-12;
of all Justices planned, 159, 160, 173, 176, 178;
Marshall as particular object, 161-63;
of Chase voted, 169;
Jefferson and attitude of Northern Republicans, 170, 221;
House manager, 170;
public opinion prepared for trial of Chase, 171;
articles against Chase, 171, 172;
despair of Federalists, 173;
and Yazoo frauds, 174;
arrangement of Senate, 179, 180;
Burr as presiding officer, 180, 183;
efforts of Administration to placate Burr, 181-83;
seat for Chase, 183;
his appearance, 184;
his counsel, 185;
Randolph's opening speech, 187-89;
testimony, 189-92;
M. as witness, 192-96;
conferences of Giles and Randolph, 197;
argument by Manager Early, 197;
by Manager Campbell, 198;
by Hopkinson, 198-201;
Chase trial as precedent, 201;
argument by Key, 201;
by Lee, 201;
by Martin, 201-06;
by Manager Nicholson, 207-10;
by Manager Rodney, 210-12;
by Manager Randolph, 212;
Randolph's praise of M., its political importance, 214-16;
Chase trial and secession, 217;
vote, acquittal, 217-20;
importance of acquittal, 220;
programme abandoned, 222, 389;
M. and acquittal, 222;
threat against M. during Burr trial, 500, 501, 503, 512, 516;
Jefferson urges it, 530-32;
foreign affairs prevent, 545.

Implied powers, in contest over Assumption, =2=, 66, 67;
in Bank controversy, 71-74;
M. upholds (1804), =3=, 162;
interpretation of "necessary and proper laws," =4=, 285, 286,
294-301, 316, 337.
_See also_ Nationalism.

Import duties,
unconstitutionality of State license on importers, =4=, 455-57.
_See also_ Tariff.

Impressment, by British, =2=, 107, =4=, 8;
M.'s protest, =2=, 513;
and perpetual allegiance, =3=, 27 _n._;
_Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, 475-77, =4=, 9;
discussion of right, 52, 53;
M.'s later opinion, 53-55.
_See also_ Neutral trade.

Imprisonment for debt, =3=, 13 _n._, 15 _n._;
M. on, and obligation of contracts, =4=, 215, 216.

Independence, germ in Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions, =1=, 63;
anticipation of Declaration, =3=, 118;
M.'s biography of Washington on Declaration, 244.

Indian Queen, boarding-house, =3=, 7.

Indiana, prohibition on external banks, =4=, 207;
and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 334.

Indiana Canal Company, =3=, 291 _n._

Indians, frontier raid, =1=, 1, 30 _n._;
Virginia's attempt to protect (1784), 236-41;
Henry's plan for intermarriage with whites, 240 _n._, 241;
in Ratification debate, 465;
fear of, and Ratification, 476;
and British relations (1794), =2=, 110, 111;
Bowlee's intrigue, 497-99;
and Yazoo lands, =3=, 552, 553, 569, 570;
M. and policy toward, =4=, 542 _n._
_See also_ Cherokee Indians.

Individualism, as frontier trait, =1=, 29, 275;
rampant, 285.

Ingersoll, Charles J., practitioner before M., =4=, 237 _n._

Ingersoll, Jared, Hunter, _vs._ Fairfax, =2=, 207.

Ingraham, Edward D., escort for M.'s body, =4=, 588.

Inman, Henry, portrait of M., =4=, 522 _n._

Innes, Harry, and Burr, =3=, 318.

Innes, James, as lawyer, =1=, 173;
characterized, 473;
in Ratification Convention, 474;
and Cabinet office, =2=, 124;
Ware _vs._ Hylton, 188.

Insolvency. _See_ Ogden _vs._ Saunders; Sturges _vs._ Crowninshield.

Inspection laws, State, and commerce clause, =4=, 436.
_See also_ Police powers.

Internal improvements, Potomac River (1784), =1=, 217;
Burr's plan for Ohio River canal, =3=, 291 _n._;
M. and Virginia survey, =4=, 42-45;
demand, 416;
Bonus Bill, Madison's veto, 417;
later debate, Randolph's speech on Nationalism, 418-21;
Jackson's pocket veto of River and Harbor Bill, 534.

International law, Jonathan Robins case, =2=, 465-71;
_Amelia_ case and law of prize, =3=, 16, 17;
_Adventure_ case, ocean as common property, =4=, 119;
M.'s contribution, 121;
_Exchange_ case, immunity of foreign man-of-war, 121-25;
United States _vs._ Palmer, _Divina Pastora_, belligerency of
revolted province, 126-28;
_Venus_ case, domicil and enemy character, 128, 129;
_Nereid_ case, neutral property in enemy ship, 130, 135-42;
recognition of slave trade, 476, 477.

Iredell, James, Ware _vs._ Hylton, =2=, 188;
on Virginia Resolutions, 399;
on Fries's Insurrection, 429, =3=, 35;
and common-law jurisdiction, 25;
and declaring acts void, 117;
and constructive treason, 403.

Iron Hill engagement, =1=, 93, 94.

Irving, Washington, on trial of Burr, =3=, 400, 416, 432, 435, 456,
457 _n._, 464 _n._, 477, 478 _n._

Irwin, Jared, and Yazoo frauds, =3=, 562.

Isham, Mary, descendants, =1=, 10.

Isham family, lineage, =1=, 10.

Isolation, M. and policy, =2=, 235, 388, =3=, 14 _n._;
need in early Federal history, =4=, 6;
local, 191.
_See also_ Neutrality.

Iturrigaray, José de, and Wilkinson, =3=, 329.

Jackson, Andrew, and Washington, =2=, 165 _n._;
duelist, =3=, 278 _n._;
and Burr conspiracy, 292, 295, 296, 305, 326, 361;
prepares for war with Spain, 313;
and rumors of disunion, 326;
at trial of Burr, denounce Jefferson and Wilkinson, 404, 429, 457,
471;
appearance, 404;
Burr's gratitude, 405;
battle of New Orleans, =4=, 57;
M. and candidacy (1828), 462-65;
contrasted with M., 466;
M. on inauguration, 466;
appointments to Supreme Court, 510, 581, 582, 584, 584 _n._;
war on the Bank, veto of recharter, 529-33;
pocket veto of River and Harbor Bill, 534;
place in M.'s inclination to resign, 519, 521;
M. and election of 1832, 534;
withdraws deposits from the Bank, 535;
Kent's opinion, 535 _n._;
and Georgia-Cherokee controversy, 540, 541, 547, 548, 551;
M. rebukes on Cherokee question, 546;
Union toast, 557;
warning to Nullifiers, 558;
Nullification Proclamation, its debt to M., 562, 563;
M.'s commendation, 563;
reply of South Carolina, his inconsistency with attitude on Cherokee
question, 564, 565;
recommends tariff reduction, 567;
Virginia and attitude on Nullification, 570;
character of Southern support, 578.

Jackson, Francis James, as Minister, =4=, 23-26.

Jackson, James, on Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 54;
journey (1790), 55 _n._;
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 61;
and Chase trial, 220, 221;
and Yazoo frauds, 560-62, 565;
resigns from Senate, 561.

Jackson _vs._ Clarke, =4=, 165 _n._

James River Company, =2=, 56.

Jameson, J. Franklin, acknowledgments to, =4=, 63 _n._, 68 _n._

Jarvis, Charles, in Ratification Convention, =1=, 348.

Jarvis, William C, attack on M., =4=, 362.

Jay, John, on frontiersmen and Indians, =1=, 236, 237;
on demand for equality in all things, 295;
distrust of democracy, 300, 308;
on failure of requisitions, 305;
on decline of Continental Congress, 305 _n._;
on ability to pay public debt, 306, 306 _n._;
on extravagance, 306 _n._;
Jay Treaty, =2=, 113-15;
Ware _vs._ Hylton, 188;
refuses reappointment as Chief Justice, 552, =3=, 120 _n._;
and common-law jurisdiction, 24, 25;
on defective Federal Judiciary, 55;
and declaring acts void, 117;
and Manhattan Company, 287 _n._;
and Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 407.

Jay Treaty, cause of negotiations, =2=, 108-13;
unpopularity of negotiation, 113;
humiliating terms, 114;
popular demonstrations against, 115-18, 120;
commercial and financial support, 116, 148;
Jefferson on, 118, 121;
question of constitutionality, 119, 128, 133-36;
Hamilton's defense, Camillus letters, 120;
attitude of Virginia, 120;
protests, 126;
typical address against, 126-29;
M.'s defense, 126, 129 _n._;
and free ships, free goods, 128, 303-05;
resolutions of Virginia Legislature, 131-37;
indirect legislative censure of Washington, 137-40;
proposed constitutional amendments caused by, 141-13;
contest in Congress, petitions, 148, 149, 155;
Richmond meeting and petition favoring, 149-55;
M. and commissionship under, 200-02;
France and, 223;
and X. Y. Z. Mission, 303-08;
submitted to French Minister, 305;
and contraband, 306;
Jonathan Robins case under, 458-75;
disruption of commission on British debts, 500-02;
M. and disruption and compromise, 502-05;
Federal common-law trials for violating, =3=, 24-29;
divulged, 63 _n._;
settlement of British debts, 103;
and land grants, =4=, 148, 153, 157

Jefferson, Jane (Randolph), =1=, 10, 11.

Jefferson, Peter, similarity to M.'s father, =1=, 11;
ancestry, 11 _n._

Jefferson, Thomas,
_pre-presidential years_:
relations with M., =1=, 9, 10;
similarity in conditions of M.'s birth, 11 _n._;
Randolph and Isham ancestry, 10, 11;
Jefferson ancestry, 11, 12;
landed estate, 20 _n._;
on Virginia society, 21, 22;
as statesman, 32;
accused of shirking duty during Revolution, 126-30;
in service of State, 128;
as Governor, 143;
and Arnold's invasion, 143-45;
and Rebecca Burwell, 149;
on William and Mary, 156;
licenses M. to practice law, 161;
as letter writer, 183 _n._;
in Legislature, 203;
use of Council of State as a machine, 210;
chancery act (1777), 219;
on British debts, 223 _n._, 228 _n._, 295 _n._;
debts for slaves, 224 _n._;
cause of retained faith in democracy, 253;
on hardships of travel, 259;
use of cipher, 266 _n._;
on license of the press, 270;
on sectional characteristics, 278-80;
inappreciative of conditions under Confederation, 286, 314-16;
on the Cincinnati, 292;
defense of Shays's Rebellion, preparation to lead radicalism,
302-04, =2=, 52;
dislike of commerce, =1=, 316;
on Randolph and Ratification, 378;
favors amendment before Ratification, 478;
influence of French Revolution on, =2=, 4, 44;
on first movements of it, 5;
approbation of _Rights of Man_, 14, 15, 16 _n._;
on Publicola papers, 19 _n._;
on St. Domingo negro insurrection, 21;
on influence of French Revolution on American government, 24, 39;
upholds excesses of French Revolution, 25, 26;
on reception of Genêt, 29;
development of Republican Party, 46, 81-83, 91, 96;
political fortunes broken (1785), 46 _n._;
first attitude toward Federal Constitution, 47;
cold reception (1789), 57;
deal on Assumption and Capital, 63, 64, 82 _n._;
tardy views on unconstitutionality of Assumption, 70;
opinion on Bank of United States, 71;
converts Madison, 79;
attempt to sidetrack M. (1792), 79-81;
and antagonism in Cabinet, 82;
on results of funding, 85;
and Whiskey Insurrection, 90, 91;
opposition to Neutrality, 94;
resignation from Cabinet, 96;
and drinking, 102 _n._;
attacks Jay Treaty, 118, 121;
accuses M. of hypocrisy (1795), 139, 140;
and abuse of Washington, 164;
growth of feud with M., 165;
on M.'s reason for accepting French mission, 211;
and Monroe's attack on Washington, 222 _n._;
and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, 227;
and Gerry's appointment, 227;
experience in France contrasted with M.'s, 289;
and news of X. Y. Z. Mission, 335;
and X. Y. Z. dispatches, 336, 339-41;
and M.'s return and reception, 345, 346;
call on M., 346, 347;
and expected French War, 358;
open warfare on M., 358;
attempt to undo effect of X. Y. Z. Mission, 359-63, 368;
and Langhorne letter, 375 _n._;
and Alien and Sedition Acts, hysteria, method of attack, 382,
384, 397, 399;
Kentucky Resolutions, 397;
expects M.'s defeat (1798), 411;
and M.'s election, 419;
on Henry's support of M., 419, 420;
on general election results (1798), 420;
and M.'s visit to Kentucky, 421;
on renewal of French negotiations, 428;
on M. and Disputed Elections Bill, 456;
and Jonathan Robins case, 459, 475;
blindness to M.'s merit, 475;
on Burr and Republican success (1800), 535 _n._;
M.'s opinion (1800), 537;
Mazzei letter, 537 _n._, 538 _n._;
and Judiciary Bill, 549, 550;
on Chief Justiceship (1801), 553 _n._;
on midnight appointments, 561 _n._, 562;
inappreciative of importance of M.'s Chief Justiceship, 562;
in Washington boarding-house, =3=, 7;
on common-law jurisdiction of National Judiciary, 29;
on Lyon trial, 31;
on right of judges to declare acts void (1786), 117;
merits of Declaration of Independence, 118.
_See also_ Elections (_1800_).

_As President and after_:
Wines, =3=, 9;
M. on, as terrorist, 11;
on Federalist forebodings, 14;
on renewal of European War, 14;
policy of isolation, 14 _n._;
and bargain of election, 18;
M. on inaugural, 18;
programme of demolition, caution, 18-20;
and popularity, 19 _n._;
plans against National Judiciary, suppressed paragraph of
message (1801), 20-22, 51-53, 57, 605, 606;
on Judiciary as Federalist stronghold, 21;
and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, 21 _n._;
and subpoena in Burr trial, 33, 86 _n._, 323, 433-47, 450, 454-56,
518-22;
and Callender, 36, 38;
on Giles, 75 _n._;
partisan rewards by, 81 _n._, 208;
Morris on, 90 _n._;
as following Washington's footsteps, 100 _n._;
and settlement of British debt controversy, 103;
and Adams's justices of the peace, 110;
desires to appoint Roane Chief Justice, 113;
and opinion in Marbury _vs._ Madison, 143-45, 154 _n._, 431, 432;
branches of the Bank and practical politics, 145;
and New Orleans problem, 145, 146;
dilemma of Louisiana Purchase, 147-49;
secretiveness, 149;
scents Republican misgivings of assault on Judiciary, 155;
and _Aurora's_ condemnation of Judiciary, 159 _n._;
head of impeachment programme, 160;
and impeachment of Pickering, 164 _n._, 165, 166;
and impeachment of Chase, 170;
break with Randolph, 174;
advances to Burr during Chase trial, 181, 182;
reward of Pickering trial witnesses, 181;
reëlected, 197;
Rodney's flattery, 212;
abandons impeachment programme, 221, 389;
plan to counteract M.'s biography of Washington, 228, 229;
preparation of Anas, 229;
M. on, in the biography, 244, 259, 263, 263 _n._;
on the biography, 265-69;
on Botta's History, 266;
hostility to Burr, 279, 280;
and secession of New England, 283, =4=, 15 _n._, 30 _n._;
and war with Spain, =3=, 285, 301, 313, 383 _n._;
and Miranda, 300, 301;
receives Burr (1806), 301;
hostility of naval officers, 302, 458 _n._, 459 _n._;
and Eaton, 302;
Eaton's report to, of Burr's plans, 304;
and other reports, 305, 310, 315, 317, 323, 338 _n._;
Wilkinson's revelation of Burr's plans, 321, 322;
action on Wilkinson's revelation, proclamation, 324, 327;
Annual Message on Conspiracy, 337;
Special Message declaring Burr guilty, 339-41;
its effect, 341;
and Swartwout and Bollmann, 344, 391, 392, 430;
on arrest of Burr, 368 _n._;
M.'s reflection on conduct in conspiracy, 376;
as prosecutor, prestige involved, on the trial, 383-91, 406, 417,
419, 422, 430-432, 437, 451, 476, 477, 499;
continued hostility to Judiciary, 384, 388, =4=, 339, 362, 363,
368-70, 538;
on making stifled evidence at Burr trial public, =3=, 422, 515;
pardons to obtain evidence, 392, 393;
M.'s defiance at trial of Burr, 404;
Jackson's denunciation, 404, 457 _n._;
Hay's reports on Burr trial, 415;
on Martin, 450, 451;
bolsters Wilkinson, 472;
and _Chesapeake-Leopard_ affair, 475-77, =4=, 9;
orders further trials of Burr, =3=, 515, 522;
and Daveiss's pamphlet, 525;
and attacks on M. during trial, 526, 535;
Message on trial, hints at impeachment of M., 530-32;
on Georgia's western claim, 553;
and Yazoo claims, 592;
prejudice-holding, =4=, 2;
love of France, 3;
and attacks on neutral trade, 7 _n._, 8, 9, 11;
hostility to England, 8, 11 _n._, 26 _n._;
on Federalist defense of British, 10;
toast on freedom of the seas, 23;
and Hay's pamphlet on impressment, 53;
on M.'s control over Supreme Court, 59;
and M.'s integrity, 90 _n._;
enmity to Story, 98-100;
Livingston case and Madison's judicial appointments, 100-16;
control of Virginia politics, 146;
and Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 160;
and first Bank of the United States, 172;
and second Bank, 180 _n._;
on _Niles' Register_, 183 _n._;
on financial madness (1816), 186;
on crisis of 1819, 204;
on Nathaniel Niles, 227;
on charters and obligation of contracts, 230 _n._;
and Taylor's exposition of State Rights, 339;
M. on Jefferson's later attacks, 363-66;
advocates resistance by States, 368;
and amendment on Judiciary (1821), 371, 378;
and demand for revision of Virginia Constitution, 468, 469,
502 _n._, 508;
called theoretical by Giles, 491;
M.'s attitude toward, 579, 580.

Jenkinson, Isaac, account of Burr episode, =3=, 538 _n._

Jennings, William H., Cohens _vs._ Virginia, =4=, 345.

Johnson, James,
and second Bank of the United States, =4=, 196 _n._, 288.

Johnson, Reverdy, counsel in Brown _vs._ Maryland, =4=, 455 _n._

Johnson, Richard M., on Missouri question, =4=, 341;
proposed amendment and attack on Judiciary, 371-79, 450.

Johnson, William, opinion on common-law jurisdiction, =3=, 28 _n._;
appointed Justice, 109 _n._, 159 _n._;
and mandamus, 154 _n._;
biography of Greene, 266;
and release of Swartwout and Bollmann, 349;
opinion in Fletcher _vs._ Peck, 592;
character, =4=, 60;
appearance, 132;
dissent in Martin _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, 157, 165, 166;
and Dartmouth College case, 255, 256, 258 _n._;
dissent in Green _vs._ Biddle, 381 _n._;
Nationalist opinion in Elkison case, 382, 383;
opinion in Osborn _vs._ Bank, 394;
opinion in Gibbons _vs._ Ogden, 443-45;
opinion in Ogden _vs._ Saunders, 481 _n._;
dissent in Craig _vs._ Missouri, 513;
ill, 582;
and Briscoe _vs._ Bank and New York _vs._ Miln, 583;
death, 584.

Johnson, William S., and Judiciary Act of 1789, =3=, 129.

Johnson, Zachariah, in Virginia Ratification Convention, =1=, 474.

Johnson _vs._ Bourn, =2=, 181 _n._

Johnston, Josiah S., on Nullification, =4=, 555.

Johnston, Samuel, on hardships of travel, =1=, 255.

Jonathan Robins case, facts, =2=, 458;
Republican attacks, 459;
before Congress, proof that Nash was not American, 460;
basis of debate in House, 460, 461;
Republican attempts at delay, 461-64;
M.'s speech, 464-71;
exclusive British jurisdiction, 465, 466;
not piracy, 467;
duty to deliver Nash, 467;
not within Federal judicial powers, 468-70;
incidental judicial powers of Executive, 470;
President as sole organ of external relations, 470;
comments on M.'s speech, its effect, 471-75.

Jones, James, and slavery, =2=, 450.

Jones, Walter,
counsel in Fairfax's Devisee _vs._ Hunter's Lessee, =4=, 156;
counsel in M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 285, 286.

Joynes, Thomas R., on M., =4=, 489 _n._

Judge-made law,
and Federal assumption of common-law jurisdiction, =3=, 23;
Johnson on, =4=, 372.
_See also_ Declaring acts void.

Judiciary, Federal, arguments on, during Ratification debate,
=1=, 334, 426, 444, 461, 464;
expected independence and fairness, 430, 451, 459;
and gradual consolidation, 446;
jury trial, 447, 449, 456, 457;
M. on, in Convention, 450-61;
inferior courts, 451;
extent of jurisdiction, 452, 454-56, =2=, 468-70;
concurrent jurisdiction, =1=, 452;
as a relief to State courts, 453;
proposed amendment on, 477;
British-debts cases, =2=, 83;
suits against States, Eleventh Amendment, 83 _n._, 84 _n._,
=3=, 554, =4=, 354, 385, 387-91;
proposed amendment against pluralism, =2=, 141;
incidental exercise of powers by Executive, 470;
M. favors extension (1800), 531;
Federalist plans to retain control, 547, 548;
Republican plans against, =3=, 19-22;
as Federalist stronghold, 21, 77;
Federalist expectation of assault, 22;
assumption of common-law jurisdiction, 23-29, 78, 84, =4=, 30 _n._;
conduct of sedition trials, =3=, 29-43;
lectures from the bench, 30 _n._;
results on public opinion of conduct, 47, 48;
defects in act of 1789, 53-56, 81, 117;
effect of Marbury _vs._ Madison on Republican attack, 143, 153, 155;
and campaign of 1804, 145;
assault and Federalist threats of secession, 151, 152;
Republican misgivings on assault, 155;
_Aurora_ on, 159 _n._;
removal on address of Congress, 167, 221, 389;
political speeches from bench, 169, 206;
M. suggests legislative reversal of judicial decisions, 177, 178;
stabilizing function in a republic, 200;
necessity of independence, 200, 204, 373;
Jefferson's continued hatred, 384, 388, =4=, 339, 362-66, 368-70;
Federalist attacks, 30 _n._;
effort for court of appeals above Supreme Court, 323, 325;
right of original jurisdiction, 385-87;
proposed amendment for limited tenure, 517 _n._;
as interpreter of Constitution, 554.
_See also_ Contracts; Declaring acts void; Impeachment; Judiciary
Act of 1801; Marshall, John (_Chief Justice_); Supreme Court.

Judiciary, State, equity, =1=, 218-20;
popular antagonism during Confederation, 297-99, =3=, 23 _n._;
conduct of sedition trials, 43-47;
conduct of Republican judges, 48 _n._;
Virginia, as political machine, =4=, 146, 485-88;
controversy over, in New Hampshire, 229, 230;
M.'s report on, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 485;
tenure of judges and discontinued offices, 485, 490, 493-501;
removal of judges, 485;
extent of reform demanded in Virginia, 488;
debate in her Convention, 489-501.

Judiciary Act of 1801, bill, =2=, 548;
character of first Republican opposition to it, 549, 550, 555 _n._;
Federalist toast, 548 _n._;
debate and passage of bill, 550-52;
Fairfax estate in debate, 551;
midnight appointments, 559-62;
importance of repeal debate, =3=, 50, 75;
Jefferson and attack, last hour changes in Message, 51-53, 605;
character of act, 53, 56;
extravagance as excuse for repeal, 57, 58, 64;
repeal debate in Senate, 58-72;
tenure of judge and abolition of office, 59, 63, 607-10;
and declaring acts void, 60, 62, 64, 67-71, 73, 74, 82, 85, 87, 91;
independence _versus_ responsibility of Judiciary, 60, 61, 65, 68,
74, 88;
fear of Judiciary, 61;
Marbury _vs._ Madison in debate, 61 _n._, 63, 78, 80, 86, 90;
select committee and discharge of it, 67, 68, 279;
indifference of mass of Federalists, 71;
vote in Senate, 72;
attempt to postpone in House, 72;
Federalist threats of secession, 72, 73, 82, 89, 93, 97, 98;
debate in House, 73-91;
and impeachment of Justices, 73, 80, 81;
Republican concern, 76 _n._;
Republicans on origin of act, 76-78;
Supreme Court and annulment of repeal, 85, 91, 92, 95-97, 122, 123,
=4=, 489, 490;
predictions of effect of repeal, =3=, 88;
Federal common-law jurisdiction, 78, 84, 89;
vote in House, 91;
reception of repeal, 92-94, 97-100;
act on disability of judges, 165 _n._

Jury trial,
Reconstruction debate on Federal, =1=, 447, 449, 456, 457, 464;
juries in sedition cases, =3=, 42.

Kamper _vs._ Hawkins, =3=, 612.

Keith, James, M.'s grandfather, career, =1=, 17, 18.

Keith, James, on M., =4=, 67 _n._

Keith, Mary Isham (Randolph), M.'s grandmother, =1=, 10, 17.

Keith, Mary Randolph, M.'s mother, =1=, 10.
_See also_ Marshall, Mary Randolph (Keith).

Kendall, Amos, as Jackson's adviser, =4=, 532 _n._

Kent, James, on M.'s biography of Washington, =3=, 265;
on Livingston _vs._ Jefferson, =4=, 114;
standing as judge, 256;
and Dartmouth College case, 256, 258 _n._;
and Supreme Bench, 256 _n._, 369 _n._;
on Livingston's steamboat monopoly and interstate commerce, 406-12,
430, 441;
on Jackson, 535 _n._;
on M.'s decline, 586.

Kent, Joseph, votes for war, =4=, 29 _n._

Kent, Moses, letters, =4=, 84 _n._

Kenton, Simon, birth and birthplace, =1=, 9 _n._

Kentucky, delegates in Ratification Convention, influences on,
=1=, 384, 399, 403, 411, 420, 430-32, 434, 443;
Virginia act for statehood, =2=, 55;
land case, =3=, 17;
and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, 58 _n._;
Burr in, 291, 296, 313-19;
bank mania and distress, =4=, 187, 204, 205;
and M'Culloch _vs._ Maryland, 314, 334;
Green _vs._ Biddle, occupying claimant law, 375-77, 380-82.
_See also_ next title.

Kentucky Resolutions, purpose, =2=, 397;
Taylor's suggestion of nullification doctrine, 397;
production, 397;
importance, 398;
Hamilton on, 408;
consideration in Massachusetts, =3=, 43;
Dana on, 45;
as Republican gospel, 105-08;
resolutions in Federalist States on, 105 _n._, 106 _n._
_See also_ State Rights.

Kercheval, Samuel,
and Jefferson's letter on Virginia Constitution, =4=, 468, 469.

Key, Francis S., counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, =3=, 345.

Key, Philip B., counsel for Chase, =3=, 185;
argument, 201.

King, Rufus,
on Ratification in Massachusetts, =1=, 340, 347, 348 _n._, 351;
and organization of Constitutionalists, 357;
and Henry's presidential candidacy (1796), =2=, 156;
on M. as lawyer, 191;
and M. (1796), 198;
conciliatory letter to Talleyrand (1797), 252, 253;
and X. Y. Z. Mission, 286, 295, 364;
and presidential candidacy (1800), 438;
and British-debts dispute, 502-05, =3=, 103;
on fever in Washington, 6;
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 115 _n._;
and on obligation of contracts, 557 _n._;
on Adams's Burr conspiracy report, 543 _n._;
and Yazoo lands, 570;
on bank mania and crisis of 1819, =4=, 181, 206 _n._;
and American Colonization Society, 475.

Knox, Henry, army intrigue against, =1=, 122;
on spirit of anarchy, 275;
on demand for division of property, 298;
on Shays's Rebellion, 300;
on Henry as Anti-Constitutionalist, 358;
support of Adams (1800), =2=, 518;
enmity toward Hamilton, 518 _n._

Knox, James, and Burr conspiracy, =3=, 473.

Kremer, George, attack on Clay, =4=, 462 _n._

Labor, attitude toward, in colonial Virginia, =1=, 21;
price (c. 1784), 181;
M. and problem, =4=, 472.

Lafayette, Marquis de, on Washington at Monmouth, =1=, 136;
on French indifference to reforms (1788), =2=, 6;
value of letters on French Revolution, 7 _n._;
and key of the Bastille, 9;
M. and imprisonment, 32-34;
and American Colonization Society, =4=, 474, 476 _n._

Lamb, John, on Washington and Federal Constitution, =1=, 331 _n._

Lamballe, Madame de, executed, =2=, 27 _n._

Land, M. on colonial grants, =1=, 191-96;
Virginia grants and Ratification, 445, 447-49, 458;
Indian purchases, 464, 465;
speculation, =2=, 202;
M. on tenure in France (1797), 268-70;
Kentucky case, =3=, 17;
importance in early National history, 556;
Kentucky occupying claimant law, =4=, 375-77, 380-82.
_See also_ Fairfax estate; Public lands; Yazoo.

Langbourne, William, Burr's security, =3=, 429 _n._, 517.

Langdon, John, on Ratification in New Hampshire, =1=, 354.

Langhorne letter to Washington, =2=, 375 _n._

Lanier, Clem, and Yazoo lands act, =3=, 546, 547.

Lansing, John, decision on Livingston steamboat monopoly, =4=, 405.

La Rochefoucauld Liancourt, Duc de,
on Virginia social conditions, =1=, 20 _n._;
on frontiersmen, 275 _n._, 276 _n._, 281 _n._;
on social contrasts, 280 _n._;
on drinking, 282;
on court days, 284 _n._;
on speculation and luxury in Philadelphia, =2=, 85 _n._;
on M. as a lawyer, 171;
on M.'s character, 196, 197.

Latrobe, B. H., and Burr, =3=, 311 _n._

Law and lawyers, Virginia bar (1780), =1=, 173;
extent of M.'s studies, 174-76;
M.'s argument in Hite _vs._ Fairfax, colonial land grants, 191-96;
M. as pleader, =2=, 177-82, 192-96;
M.'s argument in Ware _vs._ Hylton, 186-92;
practice and evidence, =3=, 18;
popular hostility, 23 _n._;
M.'s popularity with, =4=, 94;
character of practitioners before him, 94, 95, 132-35;
oratory and woman auditors, 133, 134;
as publicists, 135;
fees, 345 _n._
_See also_ Judiciary.

Law and order, frontier license, =1=, 29, 235, 239, 274;
M. on, =3=, 402.
_See also_ Government.

Lear, Tobias, on Ratification in New Hampshire, =1=, 354, 354 _n._;
and Eaton, =3=, 303 _n._

Lecompte, Joseph, and Supreme Court, =4=, 517 _n._

Lee, Arthur, and Beaumarchais, =2=, 292 _n._

Lee, Gen. Charles, on militia, =1=, 86;
Monmouth, 135-37.

Lee, Charles, of Va., and Jay Treaty, =2=, 132, 133;
and legislative implied censure of Washington, 138;
and Federal office for M., 201;
Hunter _vs._ Fairfax, 207, =4=, 156;
on M. and new French negotiations, =2=, 428;
_Aurora_ on, 492;
counsel in Marbury _vs._ Madison, =3=, 126, 130 _n._;
counsel for Chase, 185;
counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, 345;
counsel for Burr, on overt act, 500;
report on Yazoo lands, 570.

Lee, Henry, Randolph ancestry, =1=, 10;
in charge of light infantry, 142;
Pawles Hook, 142;
in the Legislature, 208;
in Ratification Convention: and haste, 372;
characterised, 387;
in the debate, 387, 423, 430, 467;
taunts Henry, 406;
on prospects, 434;
Hamilton's financial aid, 435 _n._;
on threat of forcible resistance, 467;
and Whiskey Insurrection, =2=, 87;
and Fairfax estate, 100, 204;
and enforcement of neutrality, 104, 106;
and Jay Treaty, 132;
and Henry's presidential candidacy, 157;
candidacy (1798), 416;
and "first in war" description, 443-45;
and powers of territorial Governor, 446 _n._;
and slavery, 449;
and Adams's advances to Jefferson, 519 _n._;
and Jefferson, =4=, 579.

Lee, Richard Henry, lease to M.'s father, =1=, 51;
in the Legislature, 203, 208;
on distance as obstacle to Federal Government, 256;
on revolutionary action of Framers, 324;
in campaign for Ratification delegates, arguments, 366;
and title for President, =2=, 36;
chosen Senator, 50.

Lee, Robert E., Randolph ancestry, =1=, 10.

Lee, S., on Ratification contest, =1=, 341.

Lee, Thomas Ludwell, lease to M.'s father, =1=, 51.

Leggett, William, hostile criticism of M.'s career, =4=, 591.