Chapter I: Front Matter

THE PROBLEM xxiii

CHAPTER I. THE CHICAGO RIOT, JULY 27-AUGUST 2, 1919 1-52
Background of the Riot 2
The Beginning of the Riot 4
Chronological Story of the Riot 5
Factors Influencing Growth of the Riot 9
Gangs and "Athletic Clubs" 11
Types of Clashes 17
Crowds and Mobs 22
Rumor 25
Police 33
Militia 40
Deputy Sheriffs 43
Restoration of Order 43
Aftermath of the Riot 46
Outstanding Features of the Riot 48

CHAPTER II. OTHER OUTBREAKS IN ILLINOIS 53-78
Clashes in Chicago preceding the Riot of 1919 53
Racial Outbreaks in Waukegan, May 31 and June 2, 1920 57
The "Abyssinian" Affair, June 20, 1920 59
The Barrett Murder, September 20, 1920 64
The Springfield Riot, August 14-15, 1908 67
East St. Louis Riots, May 28, and July 2, 1917 71

CHAPTER III. THE MIGRATION OF NEGROES FROM THE SOUTH 79-105
Economic Causes of the Migration 80
Sentimental Causes of the Migration 84
Beginning and Spread of Migration 86
The Arrival in Chicago 93
Adjustments to Chicago Life 94
Migrants in Chicago 97
Efforts to Check Migration 103

CHAPTER IV. THE NEGRO POPULATION OF CHICAGO 106-151
Distribution and Density 106
Neighborhoods of Negro Residence 108
Adjusted Neighborhoods 108
Non-adjusted Neighborhoods 113
Neighborhoods of Organized Opposition 115
Bombings 122
Trend of the Negro Population 135
Outlying Neighborhoods 136
The Negro Community 139
Commercial and Industrial Enterprises 140
Organizations for Social Intercourse 141
Religious Organizations 142
Social and Civic Agencies 146
Medical Institutions 150

CHAPTER V. THE NEGRO HOUSING PROBLEM 152-230
General Living Conditions 152
Why Negroes Move 154
Room Crowding 156
Rents and Lodgers 162
How Negro Families Live 165
A Group of Family Histories 170
Physical Aspects of Negro Housing 184
Neighborhood Improvement Associations 192
Efforts of Social Agencies 193
Negroes and Property Depreciation 194
Financial Aspects of Negro Housing 215
Negroes as Home Owners 216
Financial Resources of Negroes 227

CHAPTER VI. RACIAL CONTACTS 231-326
Legal Status of Negroes in Illinois 232
Discrimination in Public Schools 234
Contacts in Chicago Public Schools 238
Physical Equipment of Schools 241
Retardation in Elementary Schools 256
Contacts in Recreation 271
Contacts in Transportation 297
Contacts in Other Relations 309
"Black and Tan" Resorts 323
Cultural Contacts 325
Contacts in Co-operative Efforts for Race Betterment 326

CHAPTER VII. CRIME AND VICIOUS ENVIRONMENT 327-356
Criminal Statistics 328
The Negro in the Courts 332
Bureau of Identification 335
Probation and Parole 335
Institutional Inquiry 338
Negro Crime and Environment 341
Views of Authorities on Crime among Negroes 345