Chapter XXII (2)

This fort is constructed of stone and mortar, with a terreplein, at the entrance of the town, on the sea-shore; the beach surrounds it on the eastern and southern sides, along which it has also, externally, a palisade. On the western side, where the gate is, it has a marsh for a moat; and on the northern side, which faces the dwellings, it has an artificial moat.

Its shape is that of a rectangle, with four full bastions--three with straight flanks, and one with an orillon; it has a circuit of 820 feet, and in it are enclosed the necessary buildings, as the plan shows.

The town has its own special fortifications; for on the eastern side it has a long curtain of palisades, in the midst of which there is a semicircular platform, which defends it. On the northern side there is a long curtain of stone and mortar, flanked at the east by a bastion with orillon, called Santa Cathalina; and at the west by a cavalier of rectangular shape, called Santa Barbara. This curtain has its palisade, which ends on the western side of this town, at some distance from the said cavalier; and the rest of this said side has some marshes for defense. The said wall and curtain of this town is surrounded by a canal, full of water, ten or twelve feet wide; and it connects with the said marshes.

The arms, supplies, and soldiers with which this military post is maintained and defended are stated in the following lists:

Arms and supplies of this post

24 bronze cannons, of caliber 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12.
1 bronze culverin, caliber 4.
1 mortar of the same, caliber 18.
45 iron cannons, calibers 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 18.
17 stone-mortars of the same [material], calibers 3 and 4.
58 chambers.
8 blunderbusses, 5 of bronze and 3 of iron.
11 pinzotes.
253 guns, muskets, and arquebuses.
698 grenades, loaded and unloaded.
1 pair of pistols.
2 short carbines [terzerolas].
8,407 lead and iron balls, suitable for the artillery.
39,104 lead balls, for the arquebuses, guns, and muskets.
500 arrobas of gunpowder, as regular supply.

Other weapons, for hand use, minor supplies, and all the rest that is necessary for handling [the artillery], are enumerated in a separate certified statement by the royal officials.

Military force in the post of Samboangan

One captain of the first company of the Spanish infantry, a post which is held by the governor of this town, with a monthly salary of 50 pesos; its alférez, 4 p.; its sergeant, 3 p.; an aide-de-camp, 6 p.; 74 Spanish soldiers, each 2 p.; three minor posts--page, standard-bearer, and drummer--each 2 p. The captain of the second Spanish company, 15 p.; its alférez, 4 p.; its sergeant, 3 p.; 68 soldiers, and three minor posts--page, drummer, and standard-bearer--each 2 p. The captain of the third Spanish company, who commands the armada, 15 p.; its alférez, 4 p.; its sergeant, 3 p.; 58 soldiers, and 3 minor posts--page, standard-bearer, and drummer--each 2 p. A head gunner for the artillery, 4 p.; a lieutenant and paymaster for this post, 15 p.; a surgeon, 5 p.; a notary for this post, 3 p.; 2 amanuenses, hired by the day, each 3 p., 6 t.; 2 chaplains for the infantry, by the year, each 100 p. A captain of the company of Pampango infantry, with monthly pay of 4 p., 4 t.; its alférez, 2 p., 4 t.; its sergeant, 2 p., 4 t.; 100 Pampango soldiers, each 1 p., 2 t.; 2 minor posts--page, and standard-bearer--each 6 t. One master armorer, 3 p.; 2 skilled tilers, each 2 p., 4 t.; 15 supernumerary seamen, paid at various rates, by the month, [blank]. All these people receive a suitable ration of rice.

Coastguard galleys at Samboangan

At this post are maintained, as a measure of precaution by this superior government since the past year of 1730, two coastguard galleys (a flagship and an almiranta), with [a crew of] 96 impressed men [forzados], and with all the supplies necessary for their outfit; care is also taken to repair and fortify them. They have been kept up as an armament necessary at this time for checking the insolence of the neighboring Moros, who attack the villages of the territory under the royal crown. In regard to the maintenance of these galleys, and the amount of supplies and the number of soldiers and sailors [required for them], although all this is found included in the expenditures of the royal treasury as actual expenses it must be borne in mind that they are not perpetual, but accidental and extraordinary, according to the movements of our enemies. For this reason, these items of expense are sometimes included and sometimes omitted in the statements of accounts, according to the differences of time and occasion.

Galliots at Samboangan

More permanent at this post are the two galliots which are, by act of the general council of the treasury, maintained there since the year 1729, as necessary in those seas, so rough and so infested with enemies, for transporting from the province of Ogtong and the storehouses of Yloylo the rice and other provisions which are needed in this post [of Samboangan]. The amount needed for the pay of these seamen is sent from the royal treasury of Manila.

The entire maintenance of this post of Samboangan amounts each year to 12,592 pesos, 2 tomins, and 7,108 cavans (which are 3,554 fanegas) of rice, according to the last balancing of the accounts. To meet this expense, a situade is sent from the royal treasury of Manila, the number of pesos corresponding to the amount of the fixed charges, and to that of the accidental expenses when there are any. The clothing, gun-powder, supplies for replenishing the storehouses, cordage and sails, other supplies for vessels, supplies for the hospital and other offices of that post--all these are provided from the royal storehouses of Manila; while from those of Yloylo is sent the rice for the rations, with other foodstuffs, in which that province abounds.

In order to meet the said expenses, there is set aside the value of the ganta of clean rice which was offered, contributed as a gift, by every whole tribute (of two persons) in the provinces subject to the royal crown--those of Balayan, Mindoro, Caraga, Marivelez, Calamianes, and Cavite being exempted from this contribution--the amount of which is regularly more than 3,500 pesos a year. For the said expenses is also applied the value of the wine monopoly, which, at the rate of the last sale to the highest bidder, produces 25,000 pesos annually. To this is added the amount of the pay, rations, and supplies of the officers and soldiers who, at the time when this post was reëstablished, were detailed to serve in it, from those of Cavite, Yloylo, and Zebû.

[Part II]

THE ECCLESIASTICAL ESTATE

[Title-page:] The ecclesiastical estate in the aforesaid Philipinas islands: Its archbishopric and its suffragan bishops, and the territory which each one includes. Their cathedrals, with the dignities, canonries, and prebends, with which they are endowed; the stipends and offerings which they receive; and the amounts allotted to the other churches, colleges, and hospitals in the district. Active encomiendas which are at this present time enjoyed by the various corporations and by private persons; and those in which the tributes are collected on his Majesty's account for the objects to which they were granted. Missions established, with a statement of their locations and the expenses which they occasion: settlements of Indians who have been subdued, distinguishing the ministries, conducted by the secular ecclesiastics and the religious; the neophytes whom they direct; what they receive on account of this, not only on his Majesty's account, but from the natives themselves, with a summary of the total of both. Added to this relation by Don Pablo Francisco Rodriguez de Berdozido, accountant, royal official for his Majesty in these Philipinas Islands, and the senior official of those who have appointments in the royal treasury therein. In the year 1742.

The holy cathedral church of Manila

It has its archbishopric, the jurisdiction of which includes the entire provinces of Tondo, Bulacan, and Pampanga; Taâl (or Balayàn) as far as Mindoro and Marinduque; all the coast of Zambales, as far as the district and bay of Bolinao; Laguna de Bay and its mountains, as far as and including Mahayhay; the jurisdictions of Cavite, Marivelez, and the city of Manila. At the present time the see is vacant by the death of his very illustrious and reverend Lordship, the master Don Fray Juan Angel Rodriguez, of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives; and it enjoys as a yearly stipend 5,000 pesos of common gold, in virtue of the decree by his Majesty dated at Madrid on May 28, 1680. The said holy church has a dean, with 600 pesos as annual stipend in virtue of another royal decree of his Majesty; four dignitaries--archdeacon, schoolmaster, cantor, and treasurer--with 500 pesos each a year, which amounts to the sum of 2,000 pesos; three canons (which include a doctoral, a magistral, and an honorary prebend), with 400 pesos each as yearly stipend, amounting to 1,200 pesos; two racioneros, with 300 pesos each as annual stipend, amounting to 600 pesos; two medio-racioneros, each receiving 200 pesos a year, which make 400 pesos; and a master of ceremonies--a post recently established by a royal decree dated at El Pardo on February 22, 1734, with 200 pesos of yearly stipend. The said holy church has also a grant for its fabrica, material and spiritual, [15] of 600 ducados of silver, which make 825 pesos. [Of this sum] 500 ducados are for the pay of the verger, the musicians, and others who serve it; and the remaining 100 ducados are for the fabrica [i.e., the care of the building]. It has also 400 pesos of offerings each year--by another royal decree of April 12, 1734--for the purchase of Castilian wine, with which is celebrated the holy sacrifice of the mass; olive-oil and balsam for the holy oils; and cocoanut-oil for the lamp which burns before the blessed sacrament.

The holy church of Zebu

It has its bishop, and its jurisdiction extends to that entire province, and comprises that of Leyte with its adjoining islands; the province of Caraga; Panay, and the jurisdiction of Ogton and its islands, as far as Calamyanes; Paragua, and the northern coast of Mindanao, extending even to the Marianas Islands. At the present time this church is governed by his very illustrious Lordship, Don Protaçio Cavezas, who is bishop-elect; and he enjoys an annual stipend of 4,000 pesos, by virtue of the royal decree already cited of May 28, 1680. For the fabrica, material and spiritual, of the said holy church is assigned an encomienda of 1,783 1/2 tributes by royal decree of October 28, 1670; these are collected on the account of his Majesty, and their value (which is 2,000 pesos, after deducting all expenses) is paid from this royal treasury to that prelate annually for the maintenance of chaplains, the purchase of wax, oil, and wine, the pay of singers and sacristans, and other expenses necessary to worship in the said holy church.

Holy church of Nueva Cazeres

It has a bishop, and its jurisdiction embraces the entire provinces of Camarines and Albay, as far as and including the islands of Ticao, Masbate, Burias, and Catanduanes; the province of Tayabas, as far as and including Luchan; and in the opposite coast of Maobàn, to Binangonan, Polo, Baler, and Casiguran. At present it is governed by his very illustrious Lordship Doctor Don Ysidoro de Arevalo, who is the bishop-elect; and he enjoys a yearly stipend of 4,000 pesos of common gold, conformably to the aforesaid royal decree. Likewise a payment is made from the royal treasury, in virtue of a decree by the supreme government and the council of the royal treasury dated October 2, 1723, 200 pesos, for priests of the choir, at 100 pesos each, as assistants of the aforesaid illustrious lord. Another payment is made of 400 pesos, assigned to this church by the royal decree, dated at San Yldefonso on August 19, 1736, for the pay of singers, sacristans, and doorkeepers, and other expenses for worship and for the [care of the] building of the aforesaid holy church. It likewise has a contribution of 232 pesos, 4 tomins, which is paid in 6 quintals of wax, 100 gantas of cocoanut-oil, and 4 arrobas of Castilian wine, in conformity with another royal decree dated February 21, 1705.

The holy church of Nueva Segovia

It has a bishop (whose title is of Cagayan), and its jurisdiction comprises the province of Pangasinan from the promontory of Bolinao, and that of Ylocos; and Cagayan, as far as and including Palauan on the opposite coast. At this time the see is vacant by the death of his illustrious Lordship Doctor Don Geronimo de Herrera y Lopez, and this said bishopric enjoys an annual stipend of 4,000 pesos of common gold, in virtue of the royal decree cited. It has two priests in the choir, to whom 200 pesos are paid yearly for their support, each 100 pesos, in virtue of a decree of the general council of the treasury and of the supreme government, dated December 23, 1723. It enjoys a contribution of 232 pesos, 4 tomins, which is paid to it in 6 quintals of wax, 100 gantas of cocoanut-oil, and 4 arrobas of Castilian wine, in conformity with the royal decree of February 21, 1675.

General summary of the amounts of the stipends, funds for current expenses [fabricas], and contributions belonging to the four cathedrals.

Cathedrals Stipends Expense Contributions Totals
funds

Metropolitan, Manila 10,000 p. 825 p. 400 p. 11,225 p. Cathedral, Zebu 4,000 p. 2,000 p. 6,000 p. Id. N. Caceres 4,200 p. 400 p. 232 p., 4t. 4,832 p., 4t. Id. N. Segovia 4,200 p. 232 p., 4t. 4,432 p., 4t. -------- ------- ---------- ------------- Totals 22,400 p. 3,225 p. 865 p. 26,490 p.

CONVENTS, COLLEGES, HOSPITALS AND HOUSES WHICH ENJOY STIPENDS AND CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ROYAL TREASURY, AND HAVE NO ADMINISTRATION [OF PARISHES]

Within the walls of this city there is a royal chapel with six chaplains, who render service in the functions of the royal Audiencia; and it was especially instituted for the [spiritual] direction and assistance of the soldiers who serve in this royal army. Its expenses are met from the payments and wages which are issued monthly from the royal treasury, deducting from each of these a certain amount called "the contribution" for the said royal chapel, which amounts during the year to 6,004 pesos, 1 tomin. From this sum are paid annually 3,020 pesos for the salaries of chaplains and the expenses of divine worship; and the remainder is held in the said royal treasury, in order with it to provide for repairs on the aforesaid chapel, the renewal of the ornaments, and other extraordinary expenses--on account of which it is not brought into the computation with the other allotments.

There is a royal hospital £or the soldiers of the regiment, with two chaplains, a steward, a physician, a surgeon, and an apothecary, all salaried; and it is provided with everything necessary for the comfort and treatment of the sick. The proceeds of its endowment annually amount to the sum--which is paid to it in money, including the value of 8,400 fowls--of 7,891 pesos; 960 cavans of rice, 3 arrobas of Castilian wine, and 384 gantas of cocoanut-oil.

The royal college and seminary of San Phelipe was founded and erected by royal decrees of April 8, 1702, and December 21, 1712. It has a teacher of grammar, and eight seminarists who serve in this holy cathedral church in all its offices and functions as a class; their maintenance amounts annually to 1,520 pesos in money, including other supplies which are delivered from the storehouses--360 cavans of rice, one arroba of wine, and 192 gantas of cocoanut-oil.

The seminary of Santa Potenciana was founded in the year 1591, when Gomez Perez Dasmariñas was governor of these islands, and was received under the royal patronage. It has twenty-four inmates, daughters of Spanish fathers, with their chaplain, superior, doorkeeper, and other servants, all paid on the account of his Majesty; their salaries and maintenance amount each year to 2,476 pesos in money. They receive also 504 cavans of rice, two arrobas of wine, and 168 gantas of cocoanut-oil; in this is also included the cost of the clothing for the students and servants, that of divine worship, and other lesser expenses. And for this it enjoys an encomienda, by an act of the royal Audiencia dated February 4, 1668, the income of which is collected for the treasury, and its management and administration is placed in charge of the royal official accountant.

There are two royal chairs of canons and institutes, one in the college of San Ygnacio of the Society of Jesus, and the other in the college of Santo Thomas, of the Order of St. Dominic; these were recently established, by royal decree of October 23, 1733, with two professors at salaries of 400 pesos each, which make 800 pesos a year.

The brotherhood of the holy Misericordia, and the seminary of Santa Ysabel for girls, in which a great number of them are sheltered; these are administered by a purveyor and twelve deputies, who are appointed yearly. They take charge of the incomes and charitable funds assigned to the said house, from which is produced a sufficient amount for the support of the establishment, for dowries, and for other large charitable contributions, which they distribute in accordance with the Constitutions of the brotherhood. This house is at present under the immediate protection of his Majesty, by his royal decree of March 25, 1733; and it enjoys on the account of the royal treasury only an encomienda of 963 tributes, by a royal grant of October 24, 1667, the net value of which will be set down in the proper place.

The calced Augustinians have a convent of San Pablo with an adequate number of religious, who are annually assisted by this treasury with a contribution of wine for celebrating the holy sacrifice of mass, and oil for the lamp which burns before the blessed sacrament, in accordance with the late royal order of his Majesty, dated September 15, 1726--at the rate of one arroba of wine for each priest, and 75 gantas of cocoanut-oil for each lamp.

The convent of San Gregorio, of discalced Franciscan religious, is likewise assisted by the contribution of wine and oil, in accordance with the aforesaid royal order.

The monastery of the nuns of Santa Clara is likewise assisted with a contribution of wine and oil, in virtue of the said royal decree; and besides this it enjoys an encomienda, by decree of April 4, 1664, the income of which is collected on the account of his Majesty, and its net amount, which is paid from the treasury, is 583 pesos.

The convent of the religious of St. Dominic, with two colleges (named Santo Tomas, and San Juan de Letran), enjoys the same contribution of wine and oil, in accordance with the aforesaid royal decree. It has likewise 400 pesos in money, and 800 cavans of rice, for the stipend of four priests in active service, who must reside in the said convent in virtue of a royal decree dated July 23, 1639; and the said college of San Juan de Letran enjoys an encomienda of 700 tributes by royal grant of January 10, 1734, the value of which will be entered in its class.

The college of San Ygnacio, of the fathers of the Society of Jesus, and that of San Joseph, composed of students, are likewise aided with a contribution of wine and oil, in accordance with the aforesaid royal decree. They likewise receive 400 pesos, and 800 cavans of rice, for the stipends of four priests in active service who must reside in the said college of San Ygnacio, in accordance with the royal decree dated February 18, 1707. And the said college of San Joseph enjoys an encomienda of 383 1/2 tributes, on account of 20,000 pesos which were granted to it by royal decree of his Majesty dated October 5, 1703, the net value of which will be entered in the class to which it belongs.

The convent of San Nicolas of the Recollect religious of St. Augustine similarly enjoys its contribution of wine and oil, in accordance with the said recent royal decree of his Majesty.

The convent of San Juan de Dios is also assisted with the contribution of wine and oil in virtue of the said royal decree, and 50 pesos in medicines; it also enjoys an encomienda of 541 1/2 tributes, by royal grant of July 2, 1735, the net value of which will be entered in the class to which it belongs.

Within the walls [of the city] are also contained two beaterios--one of Dominican nuns, called Santa Catharina, with sufficient incomes; and another connected with the Society of Jesus, containing poor Indian women, who are maintained by charity and do not enjoy any allotment on the account of his Majesty.

Outside the walls of this city is the hospital of San Lazaro, in charge of discalced religious of St. Francis, for contagious diseases. This is annually assisted from this royal treasury, in accordance with the royal decree of January 22, 1672, with 787 pesos, 4 tomins in money, including the cost of 1,500 laying hens, 200 blankets, and 1,500 cavans of rice; and one arroba of wine for the celebration of the holy sacrifice of mass.

The church of Los Santos Reyes of the Parian, and the hospital of San Gabriel for the Christian Sangleys, and for medical treatment of them and of the infidels, in charge of the religious of St. Dominic, receive from the communal treasury of the Sangleys themselves 2,400 pesos; and from the royal treasury only the contribution of five arrobas of wine for the aforesaid celebration of the holy sacrifice of mass, and one hundred and fifty gantas of cocoanut-oil for the lamps which burn before the depository of the Divine One.

The sanctuary of our Lady of Safety and convent of San Juan Bauptista, of the discalced religious of St. Augustine, situated in Bagumbayan, enjoys only the aforesaid contribution of wine and oil.

To the infirmary which the religious Order of St. Dominic has, for the medical treatment of its religious, is paid every year 100 pesos as a contribution, in accordance with the royal order of his Majesty, dated September 4, 1667.

To the three infirmaries of the Order of St. Francis is paid every year a contribution of 329 pesos, for the treatment of its sick religious who are in this city and in the provinces of Laguna de Bay and Camarines, in virtue of his Majesty's decree of October 30, 1600.

At the distance of one legua, or a little less, there are two houses or sanctuaries--one named San Francisco del Monte, with two chapels close by, where regularly serve one religious (a priest of the Order of St. Francis), and one lay-brother, or donado of the reformed branch, which is called "the house of retreat or penance;" the other is called San Juan del Monte, with a religious of the Order of St. Dominic--and these enjoy only the contribution of wine.

The sanctuary of our Lady of Guadalupe, of calced Augustinian religious, enjoys the same contribution of wine and oil.

In the port of Cavite there is a convent of religious of St. Dominic, and another of Recollect religious; a college of the fathers of the Society of Jesus; and a hospice of the Order of St. John of God--all without [parochial] administration; and they enjoy only the contribution of wine and oil.

Likewise in the city of Zebu there is a convent of calced Augustinians with three religious, priests; another convent of discalced Augustinians, with one priest; and a college of the Society of Jesus, with two priests. In the port of Yloylo, in the province of Ogton, the Society have another college with one priest. The religious of St. Dominic have a convent with two priests in the city of Nueva Segovia, in the province of Cagayan. All these houses are without administration, and enjoy only the same contribution of wine and oil.

Summary of the amounts of the stipends and contributions from the royal treasury which are enjoyed by the convents, colleges, hospitals, and houses which have no [parochial] administration.

Convents, colleges, hospitals, Cash, Rice, Wine, Oil, and houses pesos cavans arrobas gantas

Royal military chapel Royal hospital 7,891 960 3 384 Royal college of San Phelipe 1,520 360 1 192 Royal seminary Sta. Potenciana 2,466 504 2 168 Chairs of canon law and institutes 800 Brotherhood of Misericordia Convent of S. Pablo (cal. Aug.) 25 75 Conv. S. Gregorio (disc. Fran.) 18 75 Monastery of Sta. Clara 583 2 75 Conv. St. Dominic, and two colleges 400 800 23 225 Coll. S. Ygnacio and S. Joseph 400 800 20 150 Conv. S. Nicolas (Recollect) 24 75 Conv. San Juan de Dios 50 2 75 Two beaterios (Domin. nuns and Indian women) Hospital of San Lazaro 787 [16] 1,500 1 Church of Parian and hospital of San Gabriel 5 150 Sanctuary Our Lady of Safety 6 75 Infirmary for relig. of St. Dominic 100 Three infirmaries of St. Francis 329 Two sanctuaries, S. Juan and S. Francisco de los Montes 2 Sanct. of Our Lady of Guadalupe 2 Two conv., one coll., and one hospital at port Cavite 12 225 Three conv., and two coll. in the provinces 10 375 ------ ----- --- ----- Totals 15,326 4,924 158 2,319

ENCOMIENDAS OF INDIANS; HOW THEY WERE GRANTED, AND THE OWNERS WHO POSSESS THEM

In accordance with royal decrees of donation, his Majesty has assigned encomiendas in these islands to the extent of 18,041 1/4 tributes. Of these, 8,784 1/4 are assigned to four religious communities and eleven private persons, and their net product is collected by the encomenderos themselves or by their agents; and the remaining 9,257 are collected by the royal officials of these islands for the subventions and contributions which are stated in the aforesaid grants. They are separately mentioned in the following form:

Encomiendas belonging to religious communities and to private persons

[Grantees] Date of grant No. of Value in Net
tributes cash, receipts,

p. t. gr. p. t. gr.

College of Sta. Ysabel, this city Oct. 24, 1671 963 1,328 2 6 1,030 3 7 College of San Joseph, on account of 20,000 pesos Oct. 5, 1703 383 1/2 671 1 485 2 10 College of S. Juan de Letran Jan. 10, 1734 700 963 2 6 718 7 6 Hospital of S. Juan de Dios July 2, 1735 541 1/2 812 2 584 1 D. Pedro de Garaycoechea (2nd life) Oct. 30, 1690 1,247 1,558 6 960 0 4 D. Fernando Hidalgo (2nd life) Sept. 31 [sic; 21 or 30?], 1701 383 536 1 9 386 7 8 D. Juan Francisco de Salinas (2nd life) June 21, 1705 419 1/2 540 2 2 380 2 8 D. Balthazar de Soto (2nd life) June 11, 1709 350 3/4 364 6 2 239 2 3 D. Antonio Gomez Quixedo [17] (2nd life) July 15, 1711 640 880 540 3 6 Da. Josepha de Erquiñigo, Condeza de Pineda, two encomiendas Dec. 19, 1712 1,323 1,659 2 1,036 6 2 D. Juan Afan de Rivera (2nd life) March 6, 1715 387 1/2 406 6 271 5 D. Julian Fernandez de Guevara (2nd life) June 30, 1721 470 517 4 5 342 0 3 Da. Monica de Yturralde (2nd life) July 30, 1721 233 1/2 256 6 9 170 0 11 D. Nicolas Cortez Monrroy (2nd life) July 30, 1721 379 568 4 397 5 2 Da. Maria Manuela Rita Manzano (2nd life), two encomiendas July 14, 1738 363 425 5 273 3 3 --------- ------------ ----------- Totals 8,784 1/4 11,489 4 3 7,817 4 1

Encomiendas in which the collections are made on his Majesty's account, to be applied to the objects for which they were granted.

[Grantees] Date of grant No. of Value in Net
tributes cash, receipts,

p. t. gr. p. t. gr.
The monastery of So. Clara
enjoys, by decree of Apr. 4, 1664 868 971 6 10 583 0 6
The seminary of Santa
Potenciana enjoys for its
maintenance, by act of the
royal Audiencia, Feb. 4, 1668 1,437 1/2 2,078 5 4 1,492 5 5
For the pay of the lieutenant-
general of the artillery, he
possesses, by decree of Dec. 16, 1608 895 1/2 1,044 1 692 7 8
To pay for the wine for masses
and oil for the lamps, there
are, by decree of Apr. 8, 1668 4,272 1/2 5,913 2 6 4,760 6 9
For the maintenance of the
building of the holy cathedral
church of Zebu, it enjoys, by
decree of Oct. 28. 1670 1,783 1/2 2,690 3 1 2,000
--------- ------------ -----------
Totals 9,257 12,698 2 9 9,529 4 4

These encomiendas, although they were granted for the maintenance and existence of the five objects here stated, have had the tributes collected on the account of his Majesty with the aggregate of the other tributes united to the royal crown [the aforesaid sums] being paid by the royal treasury to the parties concerned, not only the net amount of what is due to each, but what is necessary for the existence of those for whom they are destined, obtaining from other sources indifferently whatever is lacking to make up that sum. The amount of each is entered in the corresponding summaries [of accounts] as a charge upon the general fund of the treasury, according to what the parties receive--not only in cash, but in other assets from the royal storehouses--in order to establish, with the distinction and clearness which this memorandum permits, the total with which his Majesty piously contributes to the preservation of the ecclesiastical estate in these islands. It is brought in here, in the account of the encomiendas, only to show how it is applied, and not as an increased charge on the royal treasury.

ACTIVE MISSIONS

There are at present thirty-nine apostolic missionaries, distributed among twenty-one active missions which are situated in various places and provinces, who are engaged in the conversion and settlement of the infidels who dwell in the mountains in the greater number of these islands. Of these, one is a secular ecclesiastic; four belong to the calced Augustinian religious; five are discalced Franciscans; twenty are Dominicans; two belong to the Society of Jesus, and seven to the Augustinian Recollects. Aid is given to them on the account of his Majesty, in accordance with his royal decrees, by the stipend of 100 pesos and 100 fanegas of rice to each missionary, and with the military escorts necessary to their protection and to the safety of the subdued Indians. Likewise they receive a monthly allowance for these men, of one peso and one cavan of rice [for each], to which is added the cost of transporting this provision to the places where they are, which sometimes amounts to as much as the value of the principal. The mission which now is especially considered to have made the greatest progress and advancement is that established in the mountains of Ytuy and Paniqui in the province of Cagayàn, in charge of the religious of the Order of St. Dominic--who, penetrating into the country, a task which had previously been greatly facilitated by the calced religious of the Order of St. Augustine, have brought that province into communication with the others in this great island (something which formerly could not be done, except by sea), with great harvest of souls who have been converted to our holy Catholic faith. These costs are stated in the following summary, that which belongs to each mission being given separately.

Summary of the expenses which the active missions which are mentioned occasion to the royal exchequer.

Provinces Missionary ministers Cash, Rice, Wine, Oil,
pesos tom. cavans arrobas gantas

---- [18] 2 missionaries of the Society of Jesus, with 331 472 escorts and transportation Pampanga 4 mission., calced Augustinians, with escorts 960 1,088 and transportation Idem 4 Dominicans, with escorts and transportation 820 1,016 Idem 2 Augustinian Recollects, with escorts and transportation 480 544 2 150 Pangasinan 3 Dominicans, with escorts and transportation 537 744 Idem 2 Augustinian Recollects, with escorts and transportation 412 544 Ylocos 1 missionary, a secular ecclesiastic 100 200 1 75 Cagayàn 13 Dominicans, with their escorts and transportation 4,030 4 4,352 Laguna de Bay 1 Franciscan, with escort and transportation 189 272 Tayabas 2 Franciscans, with their escorts and transportation 616 Mindoro 1 Augustinian Recollect 151 5 200 75 Camarines 2 Franciscans, with their escorts and transportation 412 544 Zebu 2 Augustinian Recollects 200 400 -------- ------ - --- 10 provinces 39 missionaries, in 2 missions 9,239 1 10,376 3 300 p. t. [19] cavans arrob. gantas

Ministers, and villages of converted Indians; the stipends and offerings which they enjoy on this account, according to the number of tributes to whom they minister.

All the Indian neophytes--settled in four hundred and fifteen villages and fifty-three visitas, which compose the twenty-one provinces of the territory--have their ministers of religious instruction, who exercise toward them the office of parish priests. These ministers are aided on his Majesty's account, in accordance with the regulation made by the adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legazpi while he was governor of these islands, which was approved by royal decree of April 24, 1584. They received a hundred pesos and a hundred fanegas of rice for every five hundred tributes to whom they minister, and the contribution of wine and oil which was ordained by the late royal decree dated September 15 in the year 1726--enjoying this without any limitation of time. The separate provinces and number of ministers, and the amount of expenses, will be shown in the following tables:

Summary of the stipends which each religious order is entitled to receive for the mission villages and ministries that it has.

Provinces Curates, sacristans, and Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,
chaplains p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Manila 2 curas, with their sacristans 551 3 6 2 150 Tondo 3 curas, with 3 sacristans 743 2 11 200 3 225 Cavité 2 curas, and 2 sacristans 517 5 200 2 150 Mindoro 1 cura and 1 sacristan 223 3 11 1 75 Laguna de Bay 3 curas 396 1 9 57 4 3 225 Balayàn 2 curas 327 3 2 654 19 2 150 Cagayàn 1 cura and 1 sacristan 358 0 1 164 14 1 75 Idem 1 chaplain for the fort 180 Ylocos 2 curas and 1 sacristan 770 7 3 1,358 2 150 Camarines 6 curas and 1 sacristan 1,022 7 4 694 9 6 450 Tayabas 3 curas 253 4 307 3 225 Albay 10 curas 1,173 2,346 10 750 Zebu 1 cura and 1 sacristan 275 5 9 1 75 Idem 3 curas 766 4 2 797 19 3 225 Ogton 2 curas and 1 sacristan 458 1 364 19 2 150 Panay 3 curas 517 7 2 1,035 19 3 225 I. de Negros 4 curas 723 2 4 1,446 14 4 300 Leyte 1 cura 79 138 1 75

In 16 provinces 49 curas, 13 sacristans, ----------- --------- -- -----
and 1 chaplain 9,338 3 4 9,764 21 49 3,675
p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Provinces Ministries Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,
p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Tondo 2 ministries 391 0 9 782 4 4 150 Pampanga 5 ,, 220 6 4 441 14 9 375 Cagayan 20 ,, 1,517 0 9 3,034 4 33 1,500 Pangasinan 15 ,, 2,534 1 7 5,068 8 26 1,125 ----------- -------- -- ----- In 4 provinces, 42 ministries 4,663 1 5 9,326 6 72 6,150 p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Provinces Ministries Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,
p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Tondo 4 ministries 416 7 2 833 19 9 300 Bulacan 4 ,, 611 0 9 1,222 4 5 300 Bay 24 ,, 1,492 1 7 2,984 9 28 1,800 Cagayàn 1 ,, 44 3 2 88 19 1 75 Camarines 18 ,, 1,883 0 9 3,766 4 20 1,350 Tayabas 11 ,, 1,312 6 4 17 825 ----------- -------- -- ----- In 6 provinces, 62 ministries 5,760 3 9 8,895 7 80 4,650 p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Provinces Ministries Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,
p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Tondo 6 ministries 1,224 4 9 2.449 4 15 450 Bulacan 9 ,, 1,077 4 2,155 13 675 Pampanga 18 ,, 1,416 4 9 2,833 4 30 1,350 Pangasinan 3 ,, 368 4 737 4 225 Ylocos 19 ,, 2,843 5,686 25 1,425 Balayàn 6 ,, 933 1 7 1,866 9 10 450 Zebu 3 ,, 441 7 3 516 4 4 225 Ogton 14 ,, 2,164 7 2 4,329 19 21 1,050 Panay 10 ,, 1,098 2 4 2,196 14 11 750 Bay 1 ,, 122 0 9 244 4 1 75 ------------ --------- --- ----- In 10 provinces, 89 ministries 11,690 4 7 23,013 10 134 6,675 p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Provinces Ministries and chaplains Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,
p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Tondo 9 ministries 710 2 4 1,420 14 16 675 Cavite 4 ,, 546 4 9 1,093 4 6 300 Mariveles 1 ,, 62 4 8 125 4 2 75 Mindoro 3 ,, 212 4 425 3 225 Zebu 15 ,, 1,661 7 2 3,323 19 17 1,125 Ogton 1 ,, 112 4 225 1 75 Idem 1 chaplain for the fort 180 I. de Negros 3 ministries 238 476 3 225 Leyte 32 ,, 3,433 0 9 6,866 4 32 2,400 Samboanga 3 ,, 300 600 3 225 [Idem] and for their transportation 75 ----------- --------- -- ----- In 9 provinces 71 ministries and 1 chaplain 7,532 3 8 14,554 21 83 5,325 p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Provinces Ministries and chaplains Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,
p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Tondo 1 ministry 17 34 3 75 Mariveles 2 ,, 226 3 150 Mindoro 4 ,, 315 6 4 631 14 7 300 Pangasinan 4 ,, 265 5 7 531 9 10 300 Albay 2 ,, 156 3 2 312 19 4 150 Zebu 2 ,, 171 6 4 343 14 6 150 Panay 2 ,, 210 420 4 150 Caraga 7 ,, 606 7 2 1,213 19 11 525 Idem 1 chaplain for the fort 180 Calamianes 4 ministries 398 4 9 797 4 7 300 Idem 1 chaplain for the fort 180 ----------- -------- -- ----- In 9 provinces 28 ministries and 2 chaplains 2,728 1 4 4,284 7 55 2,100 p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

In order better to understand these tables, no estimate is made, in the class of secular ecclesiastics, of the additional sums which many of them enjoy from the treasury besides the amounts from the tributes to which they minister, for the amount required for their subsistence, in accordance with the royal decrees and acts of the treasury council obtained at the beginning of their establishment; and this surplus causes the disparity which cannot fail to be noticed. In the province of Tayabas, which is administered by the religious of St. Francis, there is no charge for rice, since this is always included in the amount of cash [supplied from the treasury]--as was agreed between this order, the governor, and the royal officials, on account of the scarcity [of supplies] in that province, and the difficulties which are found in the remittance, transportation, and delivery of that commodity.

It is also set forth that, after the budget for the provinces was drawn up, and the number of tributes in them realized, it was resolved in a conference of the royal treasury officials to abolish the register of strolling Indians, reducing them to a poll-list like the rest of the tribute-payers. According to these latest enumerations the amounts of the stipends are settled, and not in accordance with those which were considered in the aforesaid budget--from which fact arises the difference which is found in this one.

Summary of the amounts of stipends and contributions

Ministries Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,
p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

49 curates, 13 sacristans, and 1 chaplain
--[seculars] 9,338 3 4 9,764 21 49 3,675
42 ministers, religious of St. Dominic 4,663 1 5 9,326 6 72 3,150
62 ministers, discalced religious of St.
Francis 5,760 3 9 8,895 7 80 4,650
89 ministers, calced Augustinian religious 11,690 4 7 23,013 10 134 6,675
71 ministers and 1 chaplain of the Society
of Jesus 7,532 3 8 14,554 21 83 5,325
28 ministers and 2 chaplains of the
discalced Augustinians 2,728 1 4 4,284 7 55 2,100
------------ --------- --- ------
Totals 41,713 2 1 69,839 473 25,575
p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

General summary of the amounts, in stipends, contributions, and grants, with which the ecclesiastical estate in these islands is aided on his Majesty's account.

Ministries Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,
p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Four cathedral churches 26,490 Colleges, hospitals, and other houses without administration 15,326 4 4,924 158 2,319 Grants of encomiendas, and their net product 7,817 4 1 Encomiendas in which collections are made by the royal treasury Active missions, summary 9,239 1 4 10,376 3 300 Stipends of ministers in charge of doctrinas 41,713 2 1 69,839 473 25,575 ------------- ------ --- ------ Totals 100,586 3 6 85,139 634 28,194 p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

This is, in brief, what his Catholic Majesty piously expends and distributes every year from his royal exchequer in aiding the ecclesiastical estate and the divine worship in these islands, not only in money but in rice, wine, and oil--in everything conforming to the royal decrees and other provisions, on which is based the certified statement furnished by the royal officials to this government. And, in order that the total amount from both [these kinds of aid] may be better understood, I have thought it best to proceed to the reduction of commodities [to a cash basis], by which may be exhibited the actual cash value [of all that is given for this purpose].

Reduction of commodities for the computation of the whole in cash

[Class of aid] Commodities Rates of cost Cash value,
furnished p. t. gr.

Actual cash 100,586 3 6 Rice (24 gantas in a cavan) 85,139 cavans 4 tomins a cavan 42,569 4 Wine for masses (arrobas) 634 arrobas 25 pesos an arroba 15,850 Oil for the lamps (gantas) 28,194 gantas 1 tomin a ganta 3,524 2

Sum total 162,530 p., 1 t., 6 gr.

Consequently, the payments in kind being reduced to money at the prices which are indicated, according to the estimate made every five years--in which are considered the transportation expenses, items of waste, and cost of administration--the whole amounts to 162,530 pesos, 1 tomin, and 6 granos, according to the computation. This amount is annually requisitioned by the royal officials from the amount of the tributes and other branches of income indifferently, in such a manner that when the Indians fail--either in order to keep a reserve, or for some other special reason of scarcity--to pay the portion of rice which is required from them, it is necessary to make extraordinary purchases on his Majesty's account, at the prices which at the time are current, in order to furnish the ecclesiastical estate with a suitable amount for their stipend. It is also necessary that the aid for each individual ecclesiastic be delivered, at the cost of the royal treasury, in his respective place of ministry, from which follows an increased and extraordinary expense in the transportation of these succors.

As regards the wine for masses, the royal officials of this treasury usually ask those of Mexico to send in each ship 500 arrobas of wine, which, it is estimated, ought to be distributed among the communities and ministries of the religious--considering that the secular ecclesiastics are accustomed to receive this in money, at the same rate of twenty-five pesos [an arroba]. The officials of Mexico punctually fill this order, deducting from the situado the cost of purchasing the wine and transporting it to the port of Acapulco--so that, when delivered in this city, and allowance being made for the waste, the total cost never falls below twenty-five pesos [an arroba]. As the aforesaid waste is usually considerable, on account of the long navigation and carrying the wine in [mule-] loads by land--and from the amount thus sent is separated, in the first place, the wine necessary for the use of the royal chapel and of the chaplains of the royal Audiencia, [and for the celebration of mass in] the forts of Santiago and San Phelipe, at the timber-cutting [by the Indians], and in the ships of his Majesty--there is seldom enough wine to furnish the entire arroba which belongs to each priest. For this reason the net amount of what remains is divided pro rata among the aforesaid communities and ministries of religious, without keeping back the third part (as formerly was the custom) for emergency cases, on account of the urgent representations made on this point by the general procurators of the aforesaid communities--giving as their reason that this reserve would be safer and better guarded in their hands than in the royal storehouses, and there would be reason to fear that the wine would be consumed or adulterated. The matter having been considered at a session of the royal treasury officials on December 5, 1738, it was decided that the royal officials should proceed to deliver the wine, obliging the parties concerned to provide for themselves whatever lack might occur in the future, to which all agreed; in virtue of this, from that time was delivered to them all that was their share in the pro rata division of the net amount of all the wine that was on hand for this purpose.

As for the cocoanut-oil for the lamps, there is seldom any change in the amount paid to the churches; for it is the current practice, in all the provinces where that tree grows, that the Indians contribute it on account of the tribute, at the fixed price of one real for a ganta, and at the same price when it must be purchased, which the natives call "bandala." If there is any excess of cost, it is in the fact that oil is bought on urgent occasions in this city for the careening of the vessels and other special needs of the royal service--for which as regards the contributions [to the churches], only so much is levied [from the Indians] as accords with the amount agreed on [with them].

Besides this enormous amount of stipends and offerings with which his Majesty aids the ecclesiastical estate, the ministers in charge of the villages of Indian converts have generally introduced the annual collection, from the parishioners under their administration, of three reals from each whole tribute (that is, a man and wife) and from an unmarried man half that amount, as an offering, for the feasts of the titular saint of the village, the monument, and All Saints' day; this also realizes a considerable sum for them, which may be more clearly understood by the statement which is presented in the following table:

Summary of what the ministers who are in charge of the Indian villages receive from their parishioners, as an offering, for the three feast days of each village.

[Class] Ministers Villages Tributes Offerings,
p. t. gr.

Secular ecclesiastics 49 86 32,254 12,095 2 Religious of St. Dominic 42 42 23,316 1/2 8,743 5 6 Religious of St. Francis 62 66 25,520 9,570 Calced religious of St.Augustine 89 93 56,923 21,346 1 Society of Jesus 71 90 35,524 1/2 13,321 5 6 Discalced Augustinians 28 38 11,276 1/2 4,228 5 6 --- --- ----------- ------------ Totals 341 415 184,814 1/2 69,305 3 6

Consequently the 341 ministers in charge who administer the 415 villages and 53 visitas, and in them the number of 184,814 1/2 tributes of native Indians, mestizos, and Christian Sangleys--according to the latest estimate, in which is included the enumeration of strolling Indians--receive for the aforesaid offering each year 69,305 pesos, 3 tomins, and 6 granos, according to those figures. It cannot be learned that for the exaction of this offering they have further permission or privilege than the custom itself, introduced by those very ecclesiastics and religious in their respective parishes; nor in this accountancy is there any other evidence for it than the extra-judicial information acquired by the alcaldes, the natives, and the business men of the provinces, who have seen this practice in use in the manner which is here stated. The amount of this offering added to the 162,530 pesos, 1 tomin, and 6 granos which those ministers receive in stipends and contributions on his Majesty's account, makes the sum of 231,835 pesos, and 5 tomins, which is the amount of the fixed revenue which they receive. Besides this, they have the proceeds of the occasional fees from marriages, burials, baptisms, and other parochial dues, which are collected in all the parishes that are called curacies and ministries; and no account is rendered of the value of these, because it has not been possible to calculate it everywhere for the total computation of the usufruct, but it has always been considered as a large amount. Notwithstanding all this, the religious orders have their incomes lessened by transporting a large number of religious from the kingdoms of Castilla to these islands, at least every six years. In this way they consume a great part of their means, since the passage-money which his Majesty grants them for their transportation is a very limited sum. More than all, we must not fail to remark that the fine appearance of the churches, and the care taken for divine worship and education, and the zeal for souls, which are so conspicuous in the ministries of the religious, cause more admiration than can be expressed, in places so remote as these and in a Christian church so recently formed. The point most worthy of consideration is the subordination and reverence which these natives maintain toward their religious teachers, permitting the latter to flog them, impose penances on them, and rebuke them, when they incur blame in any omissions or faults, without their being offended at the minister. It may therefore truthfully be affirmed that it is these ministers who preserve in obedience, vassalage, and subjection all the neophytes, gathered into settlements--more being due to the authority and despotic manner in which the fathers rule them than to the political scheme of the alcaldes who govern them. This arises, as the Indians themselves admit, from a natural fear which they conceive for the father's superiority, through a hidden influence which constrains them to feel thus, without knowing how, but which we understand--supernatural effects of the lofty and supreme Providence. This result is greatly aided by the care which the fathers take in instructing, encouraging, and stimulating them in labor and cultivation, and the management of their domestic affairs, in which they are thereby benefited. Would that they might devote themselves at once to suppressing the variety of languages which the natives use (which serve only to keep alive the root of their abuses and idolatries), as is done by the crown of Portugal in all its conquests--gradually bringing them to the use of the Castilian language, and endeavoring to secure instruction therein in all the schools, as is ordained by law xviii, book vi, tit. i of the Recopilación of these kingdoms, in order that its purpose, so holy and just, may be attained. But I have not been able to find a convincing reason for their not putting this law into execution, although I have made efforts to ascertain if there were any. It may therefore be inferred that some insuperable and hidden difficulty must have been encountered on the part of the religious who are ministers in the doctrinas, which has hindered the useful and desirable progress of this Christian maxim of policy.

Index of the plans, relations, and descriptions which are contained in this book

Reason for this work; with letter by Don Joseph Patiño, [20] stating it. Folio 1.

Concise description of the city of Manila. Fol. 3.

Description of the castle of Santiago. Fol. 9.

Plan and topographical chart of the capital, Manila, and of the castle of Santiago. Fol. 11.

Description of Cavite, with all the industries which are contained therein. Fol. 13.

Plan of Cavite, and of the castle and Ribera. Fol. 23.

Description of Playahonda, with its plan. Fol. 25.

Description of Fort San Francisco at Cagayàn, with its plan annexed. Fol. 29.

Description of Fort Santiago at Ytugud, with its plan. Fol. 23.

Description of the fortification San Joseph at Cabicungan, with its plan. Fol. 37.

Delineation of Fort San Pablo at Tuao, with its plan. Fol. 43.

Description of Fort San Joseph at Capinatan. Fol. 47.

Description of Fort Santa Ysabel at Calamianes, with its plan. Fol. 51.

Description of the fort of Cuyo. Fol. 55.

Description of the fort of Linapacan. Fol. 59.

Description of Fort San Juan Bauptista of Lutaya. Fol. 63.

Description of the fort of Culion. Fol. 67.