Chapter XLII: Charles Francis Hall and the Innuits (3)
----, his illness on the voyage and recovery, 368.
----, resolves to winter a second time in Rensselaer Bay, 369.
----, departure and return of part of his crew, 369, 370.
----, sufferings of his party, 371.
----, abandonment of his ship, and boat journey to Upernavik, 371.
----, his return to New York, and death, 372.
Kara Gate, reached by Stephen Burrough, 336.
Kara, Sea of, 147.
----, expeditions to the, 147.
Kasan, Russian conquest of, 192.
Kellett, Captain, his search for Franklin, 359.
Kendall, Lieut., his voyage to the Coppermine river, 349.
----, his account of Deception Island, 393.
Kennedy, William, his search for Franklin, 358.
----, his sledge journey with Bellot, 359.
Kennedy Channel, Dr. Hayes’s sledge journey across, 368.
----, his voyage across, 373.
Kerguelen Land, climate of, 393.
Khipsack, destruction of the empire of the Khans of, 191.
King, Captain, his survey of the Magellan Strait, 415.
King William’s Island, coast of, traced by Mr. Thomas Simpson, 356.
Klofa jökul, extent of the, 69.
Knight, John, his melancholy Arctic voyage, 341.
----, murdered by the Esquimaux, 342.
Koldewey, Captain, his journey towards the North Pole, 374.
Kolwa, Castrén’s visit to, 174.
Kolyma river, inundations of the, 237.
Kolymsk, Nishnei, foundation of the town of, 197.
----, Wrangell’s visit to, 234.
----, situation and climate of, 234.
----, vegetable and animal life, 235.
----, population of the district, 236.
----, dwellings of the Russian residents, 236.
----, mode of life of the natives, 236, 237.
----, their dogs, 236, 237.
----, berry-gathering in the district, 238.
----, famine of the people, 238.
----, social parties at, 238.
Koriaks, the, confirmed by the Czar in their possessions, 199.
Koronnoie Filippowskoi, Von Middendorff’s journey to, 221.
Kostin Schar, visit of Von Baer to, 152.
----, storm in, 152.
Kötlugja, eruptions of, since the colonization of Iceland, 95, 97.
Krasnojarsk, Castrén’s visit to, 175, 176.
----, extravagance of the gold aristocracy of, 218.
Krenitzin, his discovery of the peninsula of Aljaska, 202.
Kresdowosdwishensk, produce of the gold mine of, 218.
Krisuvik, burning mountains of, 69.
Krotow, Lieutenant, lost off Nova Zembla, 147.
Kutchin Indians, their dwelling-place, 331.
----, their personal appearance and dress, 331.
----, their medium of exchange, 331.
----, their women and children, 332.
----, their amusements, 332.
----, their wars with the Esquimaux, 333.
----, their suspicious and timorous lives, 333.
----, their mode of pounding the moose-deer, 333.
----, their frequent distress, 334.
----, their huts, 334.
Kutchum Khan, his conquest of Siberia, 192.
----, defeated by Yermak the robber, at Tobolsk, 193, 194.
----, his revenge, 194.
L.
Labrador, barren lands of, 22.
----, effect of the icy seas and cold currents on the climate of, 22.
----, discovered and colonized by Greenlanders, 335.
Lächow Islands, discovery of the, 202.
Lagarfliot river, in Iceland, 78.
Lakes of Newfoundland, 377.
Lambert, M. Gustave, his opinion as to the route to the Pole, 375.
Lancaster Sound, discovery of the entrance to, 343.
Lapps, their history and conversion to Christianity, 156.
----, poverty and self-denial of their clergy, 157.
----, their ancient gods and present superstitions, 156, 157.
----, Evil Spirit of the woods, 157.
----, sorcery and witchcraft, 158.
----, their personal appearance, 158.
Lappars, the Fjall, or Mountain Lapps, 159.
----, their dwellings, 159.
----, their reindeer pens, 160.
----, their summer and winter encampments, 161.
----, their sledges and skates, 161.
----, natural beauties of their country, 162.
----, their love of home, 162.
----, their mode of hunting the bear and the wolf, 163, 164.
----, the wealthy, and their mode of living, 164.
----, their annual visits to the fairs, 165.
----, their drunkenness, 165.
----, their worship of mammon, treasure hoarding, 165.
----, their fondness for brandy and tobacco, 165.
----, their affectionate disposition, 166.
----, the Skogslappars, or Forest Lapps, 166.
----, the Fisher, 166.
Laptew, Lieut. Cheriton, his explorations of the coasts of
Taimurland, 200.
----, his explorations to the east of the Lena, 200.
Larch, the, of Siberia, 24.
----, of the Hudson’s Bay Territory, 24.
Lawrence, St., climate and vegetation of the island of, 271.
Lava streams of Iceland, 69, 77.
----, streams of, thrown out by the great eruption of Skaptar
Jökul, 95–97.
Laxaa, or Salmon river, abundance of fish caught in the, 87.
Leif, the Norwegian jarl, his visit to Iceland, 90.
----, murdered by his Irish slaves, 91.
Lemming, its habitat and food. 42.
----, exaggerations of Olaus Magnus and Pontoppidan respecting the, 42.
----, its enemies, and accidents to which it is liable, 42.
----of New Siberia, 27.
----of Nova Zembla, 154.
Lena river, ascended by the Cossacks, 195.
----, importance of the, 17.
----, barren grounds near the, 22.
----, Wrangell’s journey down the, 233.
Leprosy, or “likthra,” of Iceland, 110.
Lichens, gray, of the “barren grounds,” 18.
----, food for the reindeer, 27.
----, the _Lichen rangiferinus_, the food of the reindeer, 36.
----of Nova Zembla, 153.
----of the Pribilow Islands, 271.
Liddon, Lieut. M., his Arctic voyages, 345.
Lindenow, Godske, his voyage to Greenland, 383.
Lion, sea- (_Otaria Stelleri_), value of the skin of the, 276.
----, the sea-, of the Antarctic Ocean, 399.
Lister, Cape, discovery of, 385.
Lithuania, the elk of, 39.
Loaisa, Garcia de, his voyage round the globe, 413.
Lofoten Islands, the, 125.
----, cod-fishery of the, 125, 126.
Looming objects in the Arctic regions, 55.
Loschkin, the walrus-hunter, his voyage on the coast of Nova
Zembla, 147.
Löstadius, the Lapp priest, his self-denial and poverty, 157.
Loucheux. _See_ Kutchin Indians.
Louis-Philippe Terre, discovery of, 402.
Lovunnen, puffins of, 125.
Löwenorn, his voyage to Greenland, 385.
Lütke, Admiral, his endeavors to penetrate along the coast of Nova
Zembla, 147.
Lychnis, purple, of the Arctic regions, 20.
Lynx, Canada, or pishu (_Lynx Canadensis_), 317.
----, value of the fur of the, 212, 317.
Lyon, Captain, his unsuccessful voyage, 348.
M.
Mackenzie, Alexander, his voyages of discovery in North America, 308.
Mackenzie river, importance of the, 17.
----, forests and barren lands near the, 22.
----, influence of the southerly winds on the temperature of the
valley of the, 27.
----, discovery of the, 308.
Maesnikow, Nikita, his gold-fields in Eastern Siberia, 214, 217, 218.
Magdalena Bay, description of, 133.
Magellan, Strait of, 408.
----, description of the, 408.
----, entrances to, 409.
----, opening into the Pacific, 411.
----, discovery of the, by Magellan, 413.
----, Sir J. Narborough’s chart, 414.
----, Captains King and Fitzroy’s surveys of, 415.
Magerö, island of, 129.
Magicians of the Samoïedes, 180, 181.
Malewinsky, Lieutenant, his gold mine of Olginsk, 218.
Maelstrom, the, 126.
Mammoth, fossil remains of the, in New Siberia, 202.
Man, his difficulty in establishing a footing in the Arctic
regions, 17.
----, how he is able to stand the rigors of an Arctic winter, 28.
Maps of the Esquimaux, 302.
Mariinsk, station of, built by the Russians, 196.
----, gold mine of, 217.
Marshes of Newfoundland, 377.
Marten, pine (_Martes abietum_), the, 316.
----, value of the fur of the, 316.
Mary Minturn river, flowers of, 20.
Matiuschkin, his sledge journey over the Polar Sea, 241.
Matoschkin Schar, visits to, 147–152.
Matthew, St., island of, inhospitable character of the, 271.
Matthew’s Straits, visited by Rosmysslow, Pachtussow, and Herr von
Baer, 147–152.
McClintock, Lieut. (now Sir Leopold), his search for Franklin, 360.
----, his voyage in the “Fox,” and discovery of the fate of Franklin
and his companions, 362–364.
McClure, Captain, his search for Franklin, 359–361.
----, his discovery of the north-west passage, 360.
Mecham, Lieut., his search for Franklin, 360.
Mediterranean, dried codfish sent to the, 129.
Medusæ, enormous numbers of, in the Polar world, 59.
----, in the seas off Spitzbergen, 133.
Melville Bay, enormous glaciers of, 49, 50.
Melville Island, discovery of, 345.
Mentschikoff, Prince, his exile and death in Siberia, 205.
----, his son restored to the honors of his house, 205.
Mercy Bay, discovery of, 361.
Mercy, harbor of, 412.
Middendorff, Von, his adventures in Taimurland, 220.
----, his visit to the Chatanga river, 221.
----, his journey down the Taimur river to the Polar Sea, 221–223.
----, his return journey and illness, 223–225.
----, gratitude of the Samoïedes, 224.
----, his observations on the climate and natural productions of
Taimurland, 225.
Midnight, silence of, in Spitzbergen, 135.
Milk of the reindeer, 36.
Minerals of Iceland, 88.
Mink (_Vison Americanus_), value of the fur of the, 316.
Misery, Mount, 145.
Mollusca, small, of the Polar Seas, 59.
Moonlight nights in the Arctic regions, 32, 33.
Morse. _See_ Walrus.
Morton, one of Dr. Kane’s crew, his illness, 368.
----, his discovery of Washington Land, 369.
Mosquitoes of Nishne-Kolymsk, 235.
Mosses, dingy, of the “barren grounds,” 18.
---- of Nova Zembla, 153.
---- of the Pribilow Islands, 270, 271.
Mourawieff, Count Nicholas, his annexation of the Amoor, 196.
Mouse, field, of Spitzbergen, 137.
Muchamor, the fungus, used as food by the Kamchatkans, 258.
Mud-springs, boiling, of Iceland, 70.
Münich, Marshal, his exile to Siberia, 205.
----, his return and subsequent life, 206.
Munk, Jens, his voyages, 343.
Munkholm, castle of, 124.
Murderers, treatment of, in Russia, 206.
Muscovy Company, its endeavors to discover a north-east passage
to India, 336.
Musk-ox (_Ovibos moschatus_), description of the, 40.
----, its former and present habitat, 40, 41.
Musquash, musk-rat, or ondatra (_Fiber zibethicus_), 317.
----, villages, 318.
----, modes of catching the animal, 318.
----, value of the fur of the, 318.
Mussels on the coast of Greenland, 59.
Myvatn, ducks of the, 84.
N.
Naddodr, the Norwegian pirate, his discovery of Iceland, 89.
Námar, or boiling mud-springs of Iceland, 70.
Narborough, Sir John, his chart of the Strait of Magellan, 414.
Narwhal, or sea-unicorn, domain of the, 60.
----, its tusk, 61.
----, Greenland fishery of the, 387.
Narym, Castrén’s visit to, 175.
Necromancy of the Samoïedes, 180.
Nertschinsk, treaty of, 196.
----, criminals at the mines of, 206.
Ness, Castrén’s visit to the Samoïede village of, 172.
Newfoundland, discovered and colonized by Greenlanders, 335.
----, its desolate appearance, 376.
----, its forests, marshes, and barrens, 376, 377.
----, its lakes and ponds, 377, 378.
----, its fur-bearing animals, 378.
----, its reindeer and wolves, 378.
----, its climate and inhabitants, 378.
----, its capital, St. John’s, 378, 379.
----, history of the island, 379.
----, taken possession of by the English, 379.
----, right of the French and Americans to fish on the banks of, 379.
----, the French town of Placentia, 379.
----, the whole island ceded to England, 379.
----, importance of the cod-fisheries, 379.
----, the great banks of, 380.
----, account of the mode of fishing, 380.
----, fogs and storms, 380, 381.
----, seal-catching, 381.
Newspapers of Iceland, 110.
Night of a Polar winter, Kane’s description of, 366.
Nicolayevsk, station of, built by the Russians, 196.
Noiba, gold-diggings on the, 216.
Norfolk Bay, position and fur-trade of, 272.
North-eastern route to India and China, Sebastian Cabot’s idea of, 335.
----, attempts to discover it, 335–337.
North Pole, the first attempt to sail across the, 342.
----, the plan first suggested by Thorne, 342.
----, Scoresby’s near approach to the, 344.
----, Parry’s boat and sledge journey towards the, 350.
----, Dr. Hayes’s opinion as to the practicability of reaching the,
across Kennedy Channel, 374.
North Pole, opinions of other scientific authorities as to the best
way to reach, 374.
North-west passage to India, attempts to discover the, 342, 343.
----, M’Clure’s discovery of the, 360.
---- Company of Canada, formation and trade of the, 307.
----, its wars with the Hudson’s Bay Company, and final
amalgamation, 308–310.
Northumberland Sound, temperature of, 28.
Notothenia, the, of the Antarctic seas, 400.
Norway, the lemming of the Dovrefjeld, in, 42.
----, an absolute monarchy established by Harold Haarfager in, 90.
----, causes of the mild climate of the coast of, 121.
----, condition of the soil, and of the cultivators of it, 121–123.
----, constitution of, and education of the people, 121.
----, population of, 121.
----, coast scenery of, 123.
----, Drontheim and its industry, 124.
----, birds of the coast of, 124, 125.
----, the herring and cod fisheries of, 125–128.
Nova Zembla, investigations of the shores of, 147.
----, circumnavigated by Pachtussow, 147, 148.
----, meteorological observations of Ziwolka, 150.
----, the climate of, 151.
----, Von Baer’s scientific journey, 151.
----, scientific results of his journey, 152, 153.
----, vegetation of, 153.
----, solitude and silence of, 154.
----, rarity of insects in, 154.
----, lemmings and foxes of, 154.
----, birds of, 154.
----, other animals of, 154, 155.
----, wintering of the Dutch under Barentz at, 340.
Novgorod, the Great, subdued by the Czar Ivan I., 191.
Nowodsikoff, Michael, his discoveries, 201.
Nudibranchiata, enormous numbers of, in the Polar seas, 59.
Nullipores on the coast of Greenland, 59.
Nun, or Jilibeambaertje, the Supreme Being of the Samoïedes, 179.
O.
Obdorsk, Castrén’s visit to, 174.
----, description of the town, 188.
----, the fair at, 189.
Obi river, importance of, 17.
----, barren grounds near the, 22.
----, its importance to the Ostiaks, 185.
----, Castrén’s journey to the, 174.
----, misery caused by the overflow of the, 175.
----, inhabitants of the banks of the, 175.
Ochota river, the, 246.
Ochotsk, sea of, reached by a party of Cossacks, 195.
----, description of the town, 246.
Olaf Truggeson, King of Norway, sends a missionary to Iceland, 93, 94.
Olginsk, gold mine of, 218.
Olonez, number of bears killed for their skins every year in, 212.
Ommaney, Captain, his search for Franklin, 357.
----, his discovery of Franklin’s first winter-quarters, 357.
Onkilon, or sedentary Tchuktchi, 267.
----, their mode of life, 267.
Oraefa Jökul, height of, 69.
----, eruptions of, since the colonization of Iceland, 95.
Orange Island, visited by Barentz, 339.
Orc. _See_ Grampus.
Osborne, Captain Sherard, his opinion as to the method of reaching the
North Pole, 374.
Ostiaks, their fishing-grounds on the Obi, 175.
----, their summer huts and mode of life, 185, 186.
----, their poverty, 186.
----, their winter huts, 186.
----, their attachment to their ancient customs, 186, 187.
----, their clans, and princes, or chieftains, 187.
----, their excellence as archers, 187.
----, their personal appearance, and customs, 188.
----, annual tribute levied by Yermak, the robber, on them, 194.
----, confirmed by the Czar in the possession of their lands, 199.
Ostrich, Darwin’s, of Patagonia, 420.
Ostrownoje, town and fair of, 263–265.
Otter, the sea-, or kalan (_Enhydris lutris_), value of the fur of
the, 211, 212.
----, description of, 211.
----, chase of the, in Kamchatka, 258.
---- hunting of the Aleuts, 273.
Otter, the fish- (_Lutra Canadensis_), 317.
----, fur of the, 317.
Owl, its favorite food, 43.
----, its winter in the highest latitudes, 43.
Ox, the, in Iceland, 80.
Oyster, most northerly limit where found, 126.
P.
Pachtussow, his circumnavigation of the southern island of Nova
Zembla, 148.
----, his second voyage and death, 149, 150.
Pack-ice, 46.
----, its tendency to separate in calm weather, 54.
Paikoff, his discovery of the Fox Islands, 201.
Parrots of Patagonia, 420.
Parry, Lieut. W. E. (afterwards Admiral Sir), his Arctic voyages, 344.
----, his second voyage, 348.
----, his third voyage, 349.
----, abandonment of the “Fury,” 349.
----, his boat and sledge journey towards the Pole, 350.
----, his subsequent career, 351.
Parry, Mount, discovery of, 369.
----, Dr. Hayes’s journey to, 373, 374.
----, Mountains, discovery of the, 403.
Päsina river, scanty population of the, 220.
Patagonia, Captain Fitzroy’s survey of, 415.
----, the people of, 417, 420.
----, difference of climate between the east and west, 417.
----, aridity of the east of, 417, 418.
----, large rivers of, 418.
----, animals of, 418, 419.
----, introduction of the horse, 424.
----, fashions of the Patagonians, 421.
----, their religious ideas, 421.
----, their superstitions and astronomical knowledge, 422.
----, their division into tribes, 422.
----, their huts, 422.
----, their trading routes, 423.
Patagonians, their system of government, and great cacique, 423.
----, their arms, amusements, and character, 424.
Paul, St., climate of the island, 271.
----, chase of the sea-bear on the, 313.
Paul the First, discovery of the Island of, 274.
Pekan, or woodshock (_Martes Canadensis_), fur of the, 316.
Penas, gulf of, glacier at the, 394.
Penguin, the, of the Antarctic seas, 395.
----, its food, 397.
Penny, Master, his search for Franklin, 357, 358.
Peruvian current, influence of the, 394.
Petermann, Dr. Augustus, his view of the route to the Pole, 374.
Petrel, the giant (_Procellaria gigantea_), of the Antarctic seas, 394.
Petropavlosk, its population, 257.
----, unsuccessful attack of the English and French on, 256.
Petschora river, 149.
Philip’s bay, 409.
Phipps, Captain (afterwards Lord Mulgrave), his voyage to discover the
north-west passage, 344.
Pipit (_Anthus pratensis_), the, of Iceland, 81.
Plachina, Castrén’s residence and study at, 176.
Plover island, discovery of, 360.
Plovers of Iceland, 81.
Poland, the elk of, 39, 40.
Pole, North, probable condition of the land (if any) at the, 27.
Popow, Fedor, his discovery of the gold fields of Eastern Siberia, 214.
Population of Norway, 122.
Potato, cultivation of, in Norway, 124.
Pribilow Islands, climate of, 271.
----, sea-lions and guillemots of, 271.
----, chase of the sea-bear, 274.
Prontschischtschew, his fruitless endeavors to double the capes of
Taimurland, 200.
----, death of him and his wife, 20.
Prussia, East, the elk of, 39, 40.
Ptarmigan (_Lagopus albus_), its residence in the highest latitudes
in winter, 43.
---- of Spitzbergen, 137.
----, its summer visits to Taimurland, 227.
---- in the Tundra in summer, 19.
Pteropods, food for the Greenland whale, 60.
Puffins of Lovunnen island, 125.
----, mode of catching them, 125.
Punta Arenas, colony of Germans at, 416.
Pustosersk, visit of Castrén to, 171, 173.
Pym, Lieut., his sledge journey of search for Franklin, 360.
R.
Racoon (_Procyon lotor_), 315, 378.
----, value and trade in the skins of the, 316.
Rae, Dr., his search for Sir John Richardson, 357.
----, his discoveries in the Arctic seas, 357.
----, his discovery of the fate of Franklin and his crew, 362.
Raipass, copper mines at, 128.
Ranunculus, snow (_Ranunculus nivalis_), of Nova Zembla, 153.
Rat, musk-. _See_ Musquash.
Ravens of Iceland, 84.
----, in Scandinavian mythology, 84, 85.
----, superstitions of the Icelanders respecting the, 85.
Razor-bill, its nests on the most northern rocks, 67.
Red-knife Indians, their hunting-grounds, 327.
Red-pole, the, of Spitzbergen, 137.
Red river colony, destruction of the, 308.
Red sharks of Iceland, 81.
Reindeer, its summer and winter quarters in the Arctic regions, 19.
----, food found by the, in Spitzbergen, 27.
----, its importance to man in the northern regions, 34.
----, its formation and adaptation to the circumstances in which it
is placed, 34.
----, clattering sound of its feet, 34.
----, its antlers, 34.
----, its young, 35.
----, its milk, 36.
----, its food and olfactory powers, 36.
----, the caribou of North America, 36.
----, its geographical range in the Old and New World, 36.
----, its love of a cold climate, 36.
----, its services to man, 37.
----, its enemies, and disorders to which it is liable, 37, 38.
----, a nuisance in Iceland, 81.
---- of Spitzbergen, 137.
----, the, pens of the Lapps, 160.
----, milking the, 160.
----, the, sledges of the Lapps, 161.
----, attempt made to acclimatize the, in Scotland, 162.
----, ravages of wolves in herds of, 164.
----, rich Lapp owners of herds of, 164.
----, Lapp mode of killing the, 164.
----, its two annual migrations, 237.
---- hunts of the Jukahires of the Aniuj, 237, 238.
---- races of the Tchuktchi, 266.
---- hunting of the Esquimaux, 295.
----, the Kutchin Indian mode of pounding the, 333.
----, chase of the, in Greenland, 388.
Rensselaer bay, temperature of, in mid-winter, 19, 20.
----, Kane’s winters at, 365, 369.
Resanow, Jakin, his gold-fields, 214.
“Rescue,” wreck of the, 440.
Reykjahlid, boiling mud-caldrons of, 70.
Reykjavik, mean annual temperature of, 78.
----, the present capital of Iceland, 91.
----, account of, 99, 100.
----, the annual fair of, 100.
----, salary of the bishop of, 106.
----, schools and library of, 108, 109.
----, the Icelandic Literary Society, 110.
Rhinoceros remains found on the coast of Northern Siberia, 203.
Richardson, Dr. (afterwards Sir John), his Arctic land voyages, 346, 349.
----, dreadful sufferings of the party, 346, 347.
----, his search for Sir John Franklin, 356.
Rivers discharging their waters into the Polar ocean, 17.
---- of Iceland, 78.
Rocky Mountains, the wild sheep of the, 41.
Roebuck, near Lake Baikal, 40.
Rorquals, or fin-whales, habitat and size of the, 60.
----, their food, 60.
Rosmysslow, his investigations of the shores of Nova Zembla, 147.
Ross, Capt. (afterwards Sir John), Arctic voyages of, 344.
Ross, Sir John, his second journey, 351.
----, his five years in the Arctic Ocean, 351–354.
----, his return home and honors, 354.
----, Sir James, his Arctic voyages, 351.
----, his search for Franklin, 357.
----, his discoveries in the Antarctic Ocean, 402.
----, collision between his ships, the “Erebus” and “Terror,” 405, 406.
----, his danger between two icebergs, 406.
Rum, effects of, on an Iceland clergyman, 101.
Rupert’s Land, held by the Hudson’s Bay Company, 310.
Russia, character of the coniferæ of, 23, 24.
----, the elk of the woods of the northern parts of, 40.
----, conquest of, by the Tartars under Baaty Khan, 191.
----, liberated from the Tartar yoke by Ivan I., 191.
----, advances of, in Siberia, 195.
----, annexes the country of the Amoor, 196.
----, condition of the natives under the yoke of, 197, 198.
----, exiles from, to Siberia, 204–206.
----, value of the skins annually imported by, 212, 213.
----, life and dwellings in Nishne-Kolymsk, 236.
----, first treaty of commerce between England and, 336.
----, Company, patent granted to the, to fish off Greenland, 138.
Russian Fur Company, account of the, and its trade, 272.
S.
Sabine, Mount, discovery of, 402.
Sable, value of the, to the Cossack conquerors of Siberia, 195.
----, importance and beauty of the fur of the, 209.
----, hunting, 210.
Sabrina Land, discovery of, 401, 402.
Sagamen, or historians, of Iceland, 94.
Sajan Mountains, Castrén’s journey over the, 177.
Salmon, Alpine (_Salmo alpinus_), immense numbers of, in Nova
Zembla, 155.
Salmon, shoals of, in the rivers of the Arctic regions, 19.
----, abundance of, in Iceland, 87.
----, of the Sea of Ochotsk, 246, 247.
----, abundance of, in Kamchatka, 255.
Samoïedes, European, Castrén’s journey among the, 170.
----, their drunkenness, 171.
----, their impatience of confinement, 171–173.
----, their barbarism, 179.
----, their Supreme Being, Num, or Jilibeambaertje, 179.
----, their recourse to incantations, 180.
----, their idols, 180, 181.
----, their reverence paid to the dead, 181.
----, their mode of taking an oath, 182.
----, their personal appearance and habits, 182.
----, their wealth in reindeer, 183, 184.
----, their entire number in Europe and Asia, 184.
----, their traditions of ancient heroes, 184.
----, confirmed by the Czar in their possessions, 199.
----, the companions of Von Middendorff on his journey, 221, 225.
Sämund Frode, his Icelandic works, 94.
Sand-bee (_Andrena_) of Nova Zembla, 154.
Sand-reed bread used in Iceland, 79.
Sarmiento, Pedro, his voyage, 414.
Sawina river, 148.
Saxifragas, the, of the treeless zone, 20.
Scalds, or bards, of Iceland, 94.
Scandinavia, character of the coniferæ of, 22.
Schalaurow, his journeys on the coast of Siberia, 201.
Scharostin, his residence at Spitzbergen, 142.
Schelagskoi, Cape, rounded by Count Michael Staduchin, 197.
----, reached by Schalaurow, 201.
Scoresby, Dr., his visit to Spitzbergen, 132.
----, Captain, his near approach to the North Pole, 344.
----, his voyage to Greenland, 385, 386.
Scotia, Nova, discovered and colonized by Greenlanders, 335.
Scurvy in Spitzbergen, 140–142.
----, preservative against, 141.
----, Lapp mode of preventing the, 166.
Sea, influence of the, on the severity of the Arctic winter, 27.
Sea, Antarctic, compared with the Arctic regions, 391.
----, absence of vegetation in the, 391.
----, causes of the inferiority of the Antarctic climate, 391, 392.
----, immensity of the icebergs of the, 392.
----, the Peruvian current, 394.
----, birds of the coasts, 394.
----, cetaceans, 397–399.
----, Austral fishes, 400.
----, voyages of discovery, 401.
----, storms and pack-ice, 404 _et seq._
Seas, Arctic, dangers peculiar to the, 45.
----, floating masses of ice, 45, 46.
----, ice-blink, 54.
----, summer fogs, 54.
----, clearness of the atmosphere and apparent nearness of
objects, 55.
----, phenomena of reflection and refraction of the atmosphere, 55.
----, causes which prevent the accumulation of Polar ice, 55–57.
----, the animals of the, 40, 43, 44, 59.
----, Russian discoveries off the Siberian coast, 201 _et seq._
----, Von Middendorff’s journey down the Taimur river to the
Polar sea, 221.
----, Wrangell’s nights on the Polar sea, 239.
----, his observations on the Polar sea, 240.
----, Matiuschkin’s sledge journey, 241.
----, voyages of the English and Dutch, 335 _et seq._
Sea-bear of Bering’s sea, 62.
Sea-eagles of the coast of Norway, 125.
Sea-elephant of the Antarctic Ocean. 398, 399.
Sea-gulls of the coast of Norway, 124, 125.
Sea-lion of Bering sea, 62.
---- of the Pribilow Islands, 271.
Seal-fishing at Spitzbergen, 142.
---- of Nova Zembla, 155.
---- hunts of the Esquimaux, 295, 296.
---- catching at Newfoundland, 381.
---- hunting on the coasts of Greenland, 384, 446.
Seals, the, of the Polar seas, 62.
----, their uses to man, 62, 446.
----, the Antarctic, 399, 400.
----, their igloos, 449.
Sea-otter, value of the skin and former numbers of the, 201, 202.
Sedger river, romantic scenery of the, 410.
Semple, Governor, murder of, 308.
Sertularians on the coasts of Greenland, 59.
Service-trees in the Arctic regions, 24.
Shark, basking, on the northern coasts of Iceland, 87.
----, its uses to the islanders, 87.
----, oil manufactured from its liver, 87.
----, the northern (_Scymnus microcephalus_), abundance of, off
Spitzbergen, 137.
----, fishery of, on the coast of Greenland, 387.
Sheep, wild (_Ovis montana_), of the Rocky Mountains, description of
the, 41.
----, the, of Iceland, and their enemies, 80.
----, mode of sheep-shearing, 80.
Shetland Islands, New, account of the, 392, 393.
Shrimps off Spitzbergen, 133.
Siberia, extent of the treeless zone of, 22.
----, character of the coniferæ of, 23, 24.
----, the elk of, 39.
----, the roebuck and red deer of, 40.
----, the argali, or wild sheep of, 41.
----, the white dolphin in the rivers of, 61.
----, conquest of, by the Cossacks, for the Russians, 193, 194.
----, final conquest of, by the Russians, and foundation of Tobolsk,
195 _et seq._
----, condition of the natives of, under the dominion of Russia,
197, 198.
----, scientific expeditions sent to, 200 _et seq._
----, its past ages, 203.
----, its extent and capabilities, 204.
----, the exiles sent there, 204–206.
----, their condition there, 206.
----, condition of the West Siberian peasants, 207, 208.
----, resources of the country, 208.
----, extremes of heat and cold, 208.
----, fur-bearing animals, 209 _et seq._
----, the gold-fields of Eastern, and the miners, 214–216.
----, value of the produce of some of the mines, 217, 218.
----, entire value of the produce of gold in 1856 and 1860, 218.
----, luxury and extravagance caused by the wealthy gold
speculators, 218, 219.
----, the gold of the Ural, 219.
----, New, lemmings of, 27.
----, discovery of the islands of, 201, 202.
----, fossil ivory of, 202.
Sibir, the capital of the Tartars in Siberia, 192.
----, taken by Yermak, the robber, for the Czar, 194.
Simpson, Mr. Thomas, his Arctic land voyage, 355.
----, his discoveries, 356.
----, assassinated, 356.
Sirowatsky, his discovery of the Archipelago of New Siberia, 203.
Skalholt, the ancient capital of Iceland, account of, 98.
----, its present condition, 99.
----, its meadow lands and scenery, 99.
Skaptar jökul, 69.
----, the great eruption of, in 1783, 95.
Skates of Lapps, 161.
Skeidara, Mr. Holland’s journey across the, 111, 112.
Skjalfandafljot river in Iceland, 78.
Skogslappar, or Forest Lapps, account of the, 166.
Sledges of the Lapps, 161.
----, the sacred sledge, Hahengau, of the Samoïedes, 180.
Smith’s Sound, temperature of, 27.
----, icebergs formed in, 48.
----, discovery of the entrance to, 343, 365.
“Smoke, valley of,” in Iceland, 70.
Snorri Sturleson, the Herodotus of the North, account of him and his
“Heimskringla,” 94, 95.
Snow-buntings of the “barren grounds,” 18.
Snow, its protection of the vegetation of the Arctic regions, 19.
----, warmth caused by, 19.
----, no land yet found covered to the water’s edge with eternal
snow, 27.
----, amount of the fall of, in Taimurland, 225, 226.
----, probable diminution of the fall of, advancing towards
the pole, 226.
----, its protection against cold, 226.
Socialism among the Dog-rib Indians, 329.
Solfataras of Iceland and Sicily compared, 88.
Solovetskoi, convent of, 180.
Sorcery of the Laplanders, 158.
----, of the Samoïedes, 180.
Spain, salted cod-fish imported into, 129.
Spasy, produce of the gold mine of, 218.
Spirits, invisible, of the Samoïedes, 180, 181.
Spitzbergen, flowers of, 20.
----, vast fields of ice in the plateau of, 27.
----, food of the reindeer of, 27.
----, proofs of a former milder climate in, 29, 30.
----, birds of, 43, 44.
----, apparent nearness of objects at, in clear weather, 54.
----, the walrus of the coast of, 64.
----, description of the archipelago of, 131, 132.
----, the west coast, 132.
----, Scoresby’s ascent of a mountain, and excursion along the
coast, 132, 133.
----, Magdalena bay, 133–136.
----, ice-cliffs and avalanches of ice, 135.
----, scientific exploring expeditions sent to, 136.
----, flora and fauna of, 136, 137.
----, fisheries of, 139.
----, coal and drift-wood of, 137, 138.
----, history of, 138.
----, attempts made to colonize it, 139–141.
----, Russian hunters’ mode of wintering at, 142.
----, walrus and seal-fishing at, 142.
----, discovery of, 340.
Spout, the, of Newfoundland, 376.
Springs, hot, of Iceland, 70.
----, the Geysir, 71.
----, the Strokkr, 72.
Spruce fir of the Hudson’s Bay territory, 24.
Squirrel, value of the fur of the, 212.
Stadolski Island, visit of Pachtussow to, 148.
Staduchin, Count Michael, his foundation of the town of
Nishnei-Kolymsk, 196, 197.
---- navigates the sea eastward of Cape Schelagskoi, 197.
Stawinen river, 148.
Steller, G. W., notice of him, 248.
----, his scientific journey to Kamchatka, 248.
----, ill-treated by Bering, 250.
----, his sufferings on Bering’s Island, 251.
----, death of his commander, Bering, 252.
----, his return to Kamchatka, 252.
----, persecuted by the Siberian authorities, 253.
----, his death, 253.
Stockfish of Iceland, 87.
Storms on the White Sea, 169.
---- of the Tundras, 172, 173.
---- of the Arctic zone, 225, 226.
---- off Newfoundland, 381.
---- in the Antarctic ocean, 404, 405.
----, the williwaws, or hurricane squalls, of the Strait of
Magellan, 412.
Strogonoff, foundation of the Russian family of, 192, 193.
Strokkr, description of the, 72.
Strongbow Indians of the Rocky Mountains, the, 327.
Sukkertoppen, seen by Davis, 337.
Sulphur of Iceland, 88.
----, compared with that of Sicily, 88.
Summer, the perpetual daylight of, 36.
----, fogs of, 54.
---- in Taimurland, 225.
Sun, the midnight, effect of, on icebergs, 50–52.
Sunset, magnificence of a, 32.
Surgut, Castrén’s visit to, 175.
Surts-hellir, or caves of Surtur, description of, 77.
Suslik, the, of Siberia, 212.
----, value of its fur, 212.
Sviatoinoss, Cape, fossil ivory at, 202.
Sviatoi-noss, doubled by the Russians, 200.
Swans of Iceland, 81, 84.
T.
Tabin, the imaginary Cape, of the Dutch navigators, 339.
Tadibes, or sorcerers of the Samoïedes, 180.
----, their dress and incantations, 180.
Tagilsk, Nishne, the gold-producing town of, 219.
Taiga, melancholy character of the, 230.
----, gold-fields of the, 213.
Taimur Lake, visited by Lieut. Laptew, 200.
----, storm on the, 223.
Taimur river, visited by Lieut. Laptew, 200.
----, Von Middendorff’s journey to the, 221–223.
Taimurland, endeavors of Prontschischtschew to double the capes of, 200.
----, Middendorff’s adventures in, 220, 221.
----, his observations on the climate and natural productions of, 225.
----, amount of the fall of snow in, 225, 226.
Tana river, discovery of the, by Jelissei Busa, 195.
Tarn Mount, Darwin’s ascent of, 411.
Tartars, their subjection of the Russians, 191.
---- driven out by Ivan I., 191.
---- permanently overthrown by Ivan II., 192.
Tattooing, Cree Indian mode of, 323.
Tchendoma, the, visited by Jelissei Busa, 195.
Tchuktchi, barren grounds in the land of the, 21, 22.
----, the land of the, 262.
----, pipes of, 264.
----, their short summer, 262.
----, their independence and commercial enterprise, 263.
---- ladies, Matiuschkin’s visit to some, 265.
----, amusements of the people, 266.
----, the wandering and sedentary, 267.
----, their mode of life, 267.
----, population of the land of the, 267.
Tea-parties at Nishne-Kolymsk, 238.
Temperature of Rensselaer bay in mid-winter, 19, 20.
----, effect of the sea on, of the Arctic regions, 27.
Temperature, influence of the winds on, 27.
----, former milder, of the Arctic regions, 29.
----, probable causes of the changes in the Arctic climate, 29.
----, the lowest ever felt by man, 28.
----, how man is enabled to bear extraordinary low, 28.
---- of Iceland at different places, 78.
Tennyson’s Monument, Dr. Kane’s description of, 367.
Terror, Mount, 403.
Terski Lapps, Castrén’s attempted journey to the, 170.
Thangbrand, Christian missionary to Iceland, 93, 94.
Thingvalla, plain of, 76.
----, site of the ancient Icelandic Althing at, 91, 92.
----, pastor of, 104.
----, church of, 105.
Thingvalla Lake, in Iceland, 92.
Thiorsa river, in Iceland, 78.
Thorlakson, Jon, the poet of Iceland, account of him and his works, 107.
Thorne, Robert, his suggestion for sailing across the North Pole, 342.
Thorwald the traveller, the first Christian Icelander, his
career, 92, 93.
Tides, effect of the, in preventing the accumulation of Polar ice, 57.
Tinné Indians, defeated by the Crees, 319.
----, their retaliation, 320.
----, their wars with the Blackfeet, 320.
----, their wigwams, or tents, 324.
----, various tribes of the, and their range, 327.
----, their appearance, manners, and customs, 327–329.
----, improvements in their condition, 329, 330.
----, their wives and children, 330.
----, their cruelty to the aged, 330.
Tjumen, the first settlement of Russians in Siberia, 195.
----, Steller’s grave at, 253.
Tobacco, fondness of the Lapps for, 165, 167.
----, eagerness of the wild tribes of the North for, 264.
Tobolsk, battle of, 193, 195.
----, foundation of the city of, 195.
----, condition of the southern part, 207, 208.
Tolstoi Ness, Castrén’s visit to, 177.
Tolstych, Adrian, his discoveries, 201.
Tomsk, criminals of, 206, 207.
Tornea, reindeer gloves of, 37.
Torsteinson Jon, the martyr of the Westman Islands, 118.
Tookoolito, 442, 466.
Train-oil of Tromsö, 128.
Transbaikalia, Castrén’s visit to, 177.
Travelling in Iceland, 110, 111.
Treeless zone of Europe, Asia, and America, 18–22.
Treurenberg bay, deer of, 137.
Trölladyngja, eruptions of, since the colonization of Iceland, 95.
Tromsö, cod-fishery and cod-liver oil of, 128.
----, description of the town and island, 128.
Tschirigow, his voyages, 201.
Tucutuco (_Ctenomys Magellanica_), the, of Patagonia, 419.
Tundri, or barren grounds of the Arctic regions, 18, 19.
---- of the European Samoïedes, 171.
Tundri, storms of the Tundras, 172.
Tung-ower, or hot spring at Reikholt, in Iceland, 70.
Tungusi, the, their relationship to the Mantchou, 244.
----, their conquests and final subjugation by the Russians, 244.
----, their intellectual development, 244.
----, their tribes and population, 244.
----, their wretchedness, 244.
----, their manners and customs, 245.
Tunguska river, gold-fields of the Upper, 214.
Turkey-buzzard, the, of Patagonia, 419.
Turuchansk, Castrén’s visits to, 176, 177.
Tyndall glacier, enormous size of, 50.
U.
Uffliot the Wise, his first code of laws in Iceland, 91.
Unalaschka, climate of, 269.
----, vegetation of, 269, 270.
----, people of, 273.
Union, Cape, Dr. Hayes’s sledge voyage to, 373, 374.
United States, right of, to fish on the banks of Newfoundland, 379.
Ural Mountains, Castrén’s passage of the, 174.
----, first discovery of gold in the, 214.
----, quantity of gold found in the, 219.
Ustsylmsk, Castrén’s visit to, and ill-treatment at, 173, 174.
Utzjoki, the pastor of, 169.
Uusa river, Castrén’s journey up the, 174.
V.
Vaage, cod-fishery of, 126.
----, ancient importance of, 126.
Vancouver’s Island, placed under the management of the Hudson’s Bay
Company, 310.
Vapor baths of the Cree Indians, 324.
Väre, the, of Norway, 124.
Vegetation, protection afforded by snow to, 19.
----, distinctive characters of the Arctic forests, 22–24.
---- of the “barren grounds,” 18, 21, 22.
----, length of time necessary for the formation of even small stems
of trees in the Arctic regions, 25.
----, harmless character of the Arctic plants, 25.
----, no land yet discovered in which it is entirely subdued
by winter, 27.
----, former, of the northern regions of the globe, 29.
---- of Spitzbergen, 136.
---- of Nova Zembla, 152.
---- of Taimurland, 226.
---- of Kamchatka, 254.
---- of the Bay of Awatscha, 256.
---- of the Pribilow Islands, 271.
---- of Newfoundland, 376.
---- of Greenland, 388.
----, absence of, in the Antarctic regions, 391.
---- of Port Famine, 410.
Verchnei Ostrog, in Kamchatka, built, 198.
Verazzani, his voyages, 335.
Vestfjord, cod-fishery of the, 126.
Victoria Land, discovery of, 402.
Videy, eider-ducks of, 81, 82.
Vigr, eider-ducks of, 83.
----, Mr. Shepherd’s visit to, 83, 84.
Vikings, their courage and discoveries, 89.
Virgins, Cape, 409.
Vogelsang, deer of, 137.
Volcanic eruptions in Iceland since its colonization, 95.
Volcanoes giving birth to Iceland, 68.
----, those now existing there, 69.
----, the Esk, on Jan Meyen, 146.
----, of Kamchatka, 256.
----, eruption of Mount Erebus, 403.
Vole, field (_Arvicola œconomus_), indigenous to Iceland, 80.
Voyageur, the, of North America, 304.
----, his life and character, 304, 305.
W.
Walrus, or morse (_Trichechus rosmarus_), description of the, 62–64.
----, its affectionate temper, 64.
----, its parental love, 64.
----, its chief resorts and food, 64.
---- fishing at Spitzbergen, 144.
---- hunted on Bear Island, 144.
---- of Nova Zembla, 155.
---- hunting on the coast of Aliaska, 275.
----, pieces of skin of, a medium of exchange, 276.
----, Esquimaux mode of hunting it, 298.
Washington Land, discovery of, 369.
----, Dr. Hayes’s journey to, 373.
Wassiljew, his visit to the Lena, 195.
Waygatz, island of, the sacred island of the Samoïedes 180.
Weasel, the Siberian (_Viverra Siberica_), the fur of, 211.
Weddell, Captain, his Antarctic voyages, 401.
Welden, his visit to Bear Island, 144.
Wellington Channel, temperature of, 28.
----, discovery of, 345.
Wenjamin, the Archimandrite, 170.
Western, Thomas, preaches Christianity to the Lapps, 156.
Westman Islands, description of the, 114.
----, difficulty of access of the, 114.
----, how they became colonized, 115.
----, Heimaey, or Home Island, 116.
----, food and trade of the people, 117.
----, population and mortality of the children, 118.
----, their sufferings from pirates, 118, 119.
Weymouth, his voyage to Hudson’s Bay, 341.
Whale, the Greenland (_Balæna mysticetus_), or smooth-back, 60.
---- off Nova Zembla, 155.
----, the white, or beluga, 61.
----, the “ca’ing,” 62.
----, a stranded, at Spitzbergen, 133.
----, the fin-back, 59, 60.
---- of Spitzbergen, 137.
---- off Nova Zembla, 155.
----, smooth-backed, of the Antarctic seas, 397.
----, sperm, of the Antarctic Ocean, 398.
Whalers, their dangers, in the Arctic seas, 48.
----, depressing effect of the summer fogs, 54.
----, their operations in the Polar seas, 59.
----, whale chases of the Aleuts, 275.
----, whale-hunts of the Esquimaux, 295.
----, abundance of whales in the Antarctic seas, 397.
----, battle between a whale and a grampus, 398.
Whale Sound, enormous glaciers of, 50.
White-fish, or Coregonus, of North America, 310, 311.
White Sea, Castrén’s journey to the, 170.
----, Chancellor’s discovery of the passage from England to the, 192.
----, an English expedition in the, 336.
Whymper, Frederick, travels in Alaska, 277–289.
Wilkes, Captain, his discoveries in the Antarctic Ocean, 402.
Wilkes’s Land, discovery of, 402.
Williwaws of the Strait of Magellan, 412.
Willoughby, Sir Hugh, his voyage and death, 336.
Willow, polar (_Salix polaris_), of Nova Zembla, 153.
----, dwarf, of the treeless zone, 21.
----, dwarf, on the shores of the rivers and lakes, 24.
Wind-hole Strait of the Dutch navigators, 339.
Winds, effects of the cold sea-winds on vegetation, 22.
----, influence of the, on an Arctic climate, 27.
Winter Harbor, Parry’s winter in, 345.
_Winteria aromatica_, the, 410.
Witchcraft and witches of the Laplanders, 158.
Wolf, its attack of the reindeer, 37, 38.
----, Lapp mode of hunting the, 164.
---- in Newfoundland, 378.
Wolverine. _See_ Glutton.
----, fur of the, 316.
Wood, length of time necessary for the formation of, in the Arctic
regions, 25.
Woman, dying, abandoned, 462.
Wrangell, Lieut. von, his services as an Arctic explorer, 233.
Wrangell, his journey to the shores of the Polar sea, 234.
----, his winters at Kolymsk, 238.
----, his night on the Polar sea, 239.
----, his danger, and return to St. Petersburg, 241–243.
Wrestling for a wife among the Tinné Indians, 330;
and among the Kutchin Indians, 332.
Y.
Yenisei river, importance of, 17.
Yermak Timodajeff, the Cossack robber, 192.
----, his conquest of Siberia and death, 194.
----, his monument in Tobolsk, 194, 195.
York roads, beauty of, 412.
Yukon river, 278–289.
----, ice in, 283.
Yukon, fort, 284.
Z.
Zembla, Nova, vast ice-fields of, 27.
----, mean temperature of, in summer and winter, 27.
----, the narwhal of the seas of, 60.
----, the walruses of the coasts of, 64.
Zinzendorf, Count, his interest in Greenland, 384.
Ziwolka, the Russian steersman, his voyages, 149, 150.
----, his meteorological observations, 150.
THE END.
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whether there is another man in America capable of writing and
illustrating, as Mr. Scott has done, such a book as this.--_Spirit
of the Times._
The author is a skillful votary of the fascinating art, to which
he has given many years of successful practice, not only with an
unusual knowledge of the subject, but with a keen sense of its
manifold enjoyments. * * * Describes the principal varieties of the
American salt and fresh water fishes, offers minute directions for
the most feasible methods of capture, and enlivens his statements
by relations of personal adventures in many waters, and picturesque
descriptions of nature.--_N. Y. Tribune._
The book has certainly been got up with painstaking care and
a devoted love of the subject, and it unquestionably contains
a vast mass of valuable information and innumerable useful
directions.--_N. Y. Citizen._
UPHAM’S MENTAL PHILOSOPHY. Mental Philosophy; embracing the Three
Departments of the Intellect, Sensibilities, and Will. By THOMAS C.
UPHAM, D.D., Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy in Bowdoin
College. In Two Volumes. Vol. I.: Intellect, Language; Vol. II.:
Sensibilities, Will. 12mo, Cloth, $1 75 per volume.
HARPER’S HAND-BOOK OF FOREIGN TRAVEL. Harper’s Hand-Book for
Travellers in Europe and the East. Being a Guide through France,
Belgium, Holland, Germany, Austria, Italy, Egypt, Syria, Turkey,
Greece, Switzerland, Tyrol, Russia, Denmark, Sweden, Spain, and
Great Britain and Ireland. With a Railroad Map corrected up to
1869. By W. PEMBROKE FETRIDGE. Revised Edition: Eighth Year. Large
12mo, Leather, Pocket-Book Form, $7 50.
HARPER’S PHRASE-BOOK; or Hand-Book of Travel Talk for Travellers and
Schools. Being a Guide to Conversations in English, French, German,
and Italian, on a New and Improved Method. Intended to accompany
“Harper’s Hand-Book for Travellers.” By W. PEMBROKE FETRIDGE.
Assisted by Professors of Heidelberg University. With concise and
explicit Rules for the Pronunciation of the different Languages.
Square 16mo, Flexible Cloth, $1 50.
WALLACE’S MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. The Malay Archipelago: The Land of
the Orang-Utan and the Bird of Paradise. A Narrative of Travel.
1854–1862. With Studies of Man and Nature. By ALFRED RUSSEL
WALLACE. With Ten Maps and Fifty-one Elegant Illustrations. Crown
8vo, Cloth, $3 50.
Mr. Wallace’s style is as charming as Darwin’s, and greater
praise it could not have. His scientific observations are as
interesting as other people’s adventures: he is a truly intelligent
writer--one who has the power to interest others in his pursuits,
investigations, and speculations. Those who have read Mr. Darwin’s
“Voyage of a Naturalist,” a book too little known, will find in
this a companion volume as absorbingly interesting and as clear and
instructive as that.--_N. Y. Evening Post._
In short, no book of travels, adventure, and observations of our
time can be pronounced superior to this, in which Mr. Wallace gives
an accurate account of that rich and wonderful part of the globe,
the great and lavishly-endowed Malay Archipelago, and which the
American publishers have reproduced in admirable style.--_Boston
Traveller._
A vivid picture of tropical life, which may be read with
unflagging interest, and a sufficient account of his scientific
conclusions to stimulate our appetite without wearying us by
detail. In short, we may safely say that we have seldom read a more
agreeable book of its kind.--_Saturday Review._
ABBOTT’S NEW TESTAMENT TRUTHS. Old Testament Shadows of New Testament
Truths. By LYMAN ABBOTT, Author of “Jesus of Nazareth, his Life and
Teachings,” &c. Elegantly Illustrated. 8vo, Cloth. (_Nearly Ready._)
ABBOTT’S JOSEPH BONAPARTE. The History of Joseph Bonaparte, King of
Naples and of Italy. By JOHN S. C. ABBOTT, Author of “The History
of Napoleon Bonaparte,” “The French Revolution,” &c. 16mo, Cloth,
$1 20. Uniform with
ABBOTTS’ ILLUSTRATED HISTORIES.
By JACOB ABBOTT and JOHN S. C. ABBOTT. 16mo, Cloth, $1 20 per Volume.
Cyrus the Great,
Darius the Great,
Xerxes,
Alexander the Great,
Romulus,
Hannibal,
Pyrrhus,
Julius Cæsar,
Cleopatra,
Nero,
Alfred the Great,
William the Conqueror,
Richard I.,
Richard II.,
Richard III.,
Mary Queen of Scots,
Queen Elizabeth,
Charles I.,
Charles II.,
Josephine,
Maria Antoinette,
Madame Roland,
Henry IV.,
Peter the Great,
Genghis Khan,
King Philip,
Hernando Cortez,
Margaret of Anjou.
LOOMIS’S ASTRONOMY. Elements of Astronomy. Designed for Academies
and High Schools. By ELIAS LOOMIS, LL.D., Professor of Natural
Philosophy and Astronomy in Yale College, and Author of a “Course
of Mathematics.” 12mo, Sheep, $1 50.
We took up Prof. Loomis’s Elements of Astronomy, confident
that we should here find, brought within the comprehension of
unscientific minds, the higher truths of a science whose grandeur
is lost to the common people by the technicalities in which it is
enshrined. We have not been disappointed. We know of no treatise
on Astronomy to which we should turn for an explanation of any
of its elementary principles with such confident assurance of
receiving real satisfaction, and none which we should so soon place
in the hands of a young person who desired an introduction to this
study.--_New Monthly Magazine._
NEVIUS’S CHINA. China and the Chinese: a General Description of
the Country and its Inhabitants; its Civilization and Form of
Government; its Religious and Social Institutions; its Intercourse
with other Nations; and its Present Condition and Prospects. By the
Rev. JOHN L. NEVIUS, Ten Years a Missionary in China. With a Map
and Illustrations. l2mo, Cloth, $1 75.
The great merit of the book seems to be that it undertakes to
tell, in a plain and practical manner, those main things which
intelligent people desire to learn about China, its people, life,
customs, religions, etc., and does it without encumbering itself
with overmuch of detail or profundity. Reading it is much like
having a series of talks with a Chinaman who is able freely to
answer all those questions which a curious Yankee is prompted to
ask about his nation, and who does so. We incline to think it
the best book yet published in our language for giving a general
description of China and its people, without being overburdened in
any direction with details.--_Congregationalist._
When Mr. Nevius tells us about the fashions, the ways of talking,
shopping, teaching, trading, praying, eating, marrying, burying,
gambling, reading, writing, which he saw among them, he makes the
scenes life-life; the interests treated he makes altogether human:
and so he leads us on in a path almost as entertaining as a journey
of our own.--_N. Y. Evening Post._
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The Polar WorldChapter XLII: Charles Francis Hall and the Innuits (3)
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