Chapter XLII: Charles Francis Hall and the Innuits

Hall’s Expedition.--His early Life.--His reading of Arctic
Adventure.--His Resolve.--His Arctic Outfit.--Sets sail on
the “George Henry.”--The Voyage.--Kudlago.--Holsteinborg,
Greenland.--Population of Greenland.--Sails for Davis’s
Strait.--Character of the Innuits.--Wreck of the “Rescue.”--
Ebierbing and Tookoolito.--Their Visit to England.--Hall’s
first Exploration.--European and Innuit Life in the Arctic
Regions.--Building an Igloo.--Almost Starved.--Fight for
Food with Dogs.--Ebierbing arrives with a Seal.--How he
caught it.--A Seal-feast.--The Innuits and Seals.--The
Polar Bear.--How he teaches the Innuits to catch Seals.--
At a Seal-hole.--Dogs as Seal-hunters.--Dogs and Bears.--
Dogs and Reindeers.--Innuits and Walruses.--More about
Igloos.--Innuit Implements.--Uses of the Reindeer.--
Innuit Improvidence.--A Deer-feast.--A frozen Delicacy.--
Whale-skin as Food.--Whale-gum.--How to eat Whale Ligament.--
Raw Meat.--The Dress of the Innuits.--A pretty Style.--
Religious Ideas of the Innuits.--Their kindly Character.--
Treatment of the Aged and Infirm.--A Woman abandoned to die.--
Hall’s Attempt to rescue her.--The Innuit Nomads, without any
form of Government.--Their Numbers diminishing.--A Sailor
wanders away.--Hall’s Search for him.--Finds him frozen to
death.--The Ship free from Ice.--Preparations to return.--
Reset in the Ice-pack.--Another Arctic Winter.--Breaking up
of the Ice.--Departure for Home.--Tookoolito and her Child
“Butterfly.”--Death of “Butterfly.”--Arrival at Home.--
Results of Hall’s Expedition.--Innuit Traditions.--Discovery
of Frobisher Relics.--Hall undertakes a second Expedition.--
His Statement of its Object and Prospects.--Last Tidings of
Hall. 433

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

1. Esquimaux Dog-team. HALL. 1

2. The Tundra of Siberia. ATKINSON. 17

3. Indian Summer Encampment, Alaska. WHYMPER. 18

4. Rocks and Ice. HALL. 20

5. Coast of Labrador. HARPER’S MAG. 21

6. Coast of Norway. BROWNE. 22

7. Arctic Forest. LAMONT. 23

8. Verge of Forest Region. HARPER’S MAG. 24

9. Forest Conflagration. WHYMPER. 26

10. Arctic Clothing. HARPER’S MAG. 29

11. Arctic Moonlight. HALL. 30

12. Aurora seen in Norway. HARPER’S MAG. 31

13. Aurora seen in Greenland. HALL. 32

14. Group of Reindeer. LAMONT. 35

15. Elks. WOOD. 39

16. The Musk-ox. WOOD. 40

17. Argali. ATKINSON. 41

18. The Snowy Owl. WOOD. 43

19. Bernide Goose. WOOD. 44

20. The Sea-eagle. WOOD. 44

21. Arctic Navigation. HARPER’S MAG. 45

22. Among Hummocks. HARPER’S MAG. 46

23. Drifting on the Ice. HARPER’S MAG. 47

24. Forms of Icebergs. HALL. 47

25. Gothic Icebergs. HALL. 48

26. Pinnacle Icebergs. HALL. 48

27. Icebergs aground. HALL. 49

28. Icebergs and Glacier, Frobisher Bay. HALL. 51

29. Glacier, Bute Inlet. WHYMPER. 52

30. Scaling an Iceberg. HALL. 53

31. An Arctic Channel. HALL. 56

32. Open Water. HALL. 57

33. Glacier Discharging. HALL. 58

34. The Whale. WOOD. 60

35. The Narwhal. WOOD. 61

36. Walruses on the Ice. LAMONT. 63

37. Home of the Polar Bear. WOOD. 66

38. The Gull. WOOD. 67

39. Lava-fields. BROWNE. 68

40. Effigy in Lava. BROWNE. 70

41. The Strokkr. BROWNE. 72

42. Entrance to the Almannagja. BROWNE. 73

43. The Almannagja. BROWNE. 74

44. The Hrafnagja. BROWNE. 75

45. The Tintron Rock. BROWNE. 75

46. Fall of the Oxeraa. BROWNE. 76

47. Icelandic Horses. BROWNE. 81

48. Shooting Reindeer. LAMONT. 82

49. The Eider-duck. WOOD. 83

50. The Jyrfalcon. WOOD. 85

51. The Giant Auk. WOOD. 86

52. Cathedral at Reykjavik. BROWNE. 89

53. Thingvalla, Lögberg and Almannagja. BROWNE. 92

54. Reykjavik, the Capital of Iceland. BROWNE. 98

55. Governor’s Residence, Reykjavik. BROWNE. 99

56. Icelandic Houses. BROWNE. 103

57. Church at Thingvalla. BROWNE. 105

58. The Pastor’s House, Thingvalla. BROWNE. 106

59. The Pastor of Thingvalla. BROWNE. 107

60. Bridge River, Iceland. BROWNE. 111

61. Icelandic Bog. BROWNE. 113

62. Coast of Iceland. BROWNE. 114

63. Westman Isles. BROWNE. 115

64. Home of Sea-birds. BROWNE. 117

65. Fishing in Norway. BROWNE. 120

66. Norwegian Farm. BROWNE. 122

67. Steaming along the Coast. BROWNE. 123

68. The Puffin. WOOD. 124

69. The Dovrefjeld. BROWNE. 127

70. Midnight Sun off Spitzbergen. DUFFERIN. 131

71. Magdalena Bay, Spitzbergen. DUFFERIN. 134

72. Burial in Spitzbergen. DUFFERIN. 139

73. Arctic Fox. DUFFERIN. 140

74. Chase of the Walrus. LAMONT. 143

75. A glimpse of Jan Meyen’s Island. DUFFERIN. 145

76. A Samoïede Priest. ATKINSON. 179

77. Banks of the Irtysch. ATKINSON. 185

78. Group of Kirghis. ATKINSON. 188

79. View of Tagilsk. ATKINSON. 191

80. The Beach at Nicolayevsk. HARPER’S MAG. 196

81. On the Amoor. HARPER’S MAG. 197

82. Village on the Amoor. HARPER’S MAG. 198

83. Koriak Yourt. HARPER’S MAG. 199

84. Kamchatka Sables. HARPER’S MAG. 201

85. Tartar Encampment. ATKINSON. 204

86. Siberian Peasant. ATKINSON. 207

87. View of Irkutsk. HARPER’S MAG. 209

88. A Jakut Village. HARPER’S MAG. 229

89. Bering’s Monument at Petropavlosk. WHYMPER. 248

90. Church at Petropavlosk. WHYMPER. 254

91. View of Petropavlosk. HARPER’S MAG. 257

92. Dogs Fishing. HARPER’S MAG. 259

93. Dog-team. WHYMPER. 259

94. Dogs Towing Boat. HARPER’S MAG. 260

95. Frame-work of Tchuktchi House. WHYMPER. 262

96. Tchuktchi Canoe. HARPER’S MAG. 263

97. Tchuktchi Pipe. WHYMPER. 264

98. An Aleut. WHYMPER. 268

99. View of Sitka. WHYMPER. 270

100. A Baidar. HARPER’S MAG. 272

101. Fort St. Michael. WHYMPER. 277

102. The Frozen Yukon. WHYMPER. 279

103. Under-ground House. WHYMPER. 280

104. Fish-traps on the Yukon. WHYMPER. 281

105. Aurora at Nulato. WHYMPER. 282

106. Breaking up of the Ice. WHYMPER. 283

107. Fort Yukon. WHYMPER. 285

108. A Deer Corral. WHYMPER. 286

109. Lip Ornaments. HARPER’S MAG. 287

110. A Baidar. HARPER’S MAG. 288

111. Four-post Coffin. WHYMPER. 288

112. Tauana Indian. WHYMPER. 289

113. Winter Hut of Hunters. MILTON. 309

114. Fort Edmonton, North Saskatchewan. MILTON. 311

115. Trader’s Camp. HARPER’S MAG. 312

116. Swamp formed by deserted Beaver Dam. MILTON. 314

117. Hunting Bison in the Snow. HARPER’S MAG. 319

118. Herd of Bison. HARPER’S MAG. 320

119. Driving Bison over a Precipice. HARPER’S MAG. 321

120. Watching for Crees. MILTON. 322

121. A Cree Village. HARPER’S MAG. 324

122. The Albatross. WOOD. 396

123. Strait of Magellan. HARPER’S MAG. 405

124. A Highway of Commerce. HARPER’S MAG. 416

125. Patagonians. HARPER’S MAG. 417

126. Coast of Fuegia. HARPER’S MAG. 425

127. Fuegian Traders. HARPER’S MAG. 427

128. A Fuegian and his Food. HARPER’S MAG. 429

129. Starvation Beach. HARPER’S MAG. 432

130. Surveying in Greenland. HALL. 433

131. Hall and Companions, in Innuit Costume. HALL. 434

132. Kudlago. HALL. 436

133. Greenland Currency. HALL. 437

134. Woman and Child. (Drawn and Engraved by an HALL. 438
Innuit.)

135. Festival of the Birthday of the King of HALL. 439
Denmark.

136. Preparing Boot-soles. HALL. 440

137. Wreck of the Rescue. HALL. 441

138. The George Henry laid up for the Winter. HALL. 442

139. Storm-bound. HALL. 443

140. Innuit Stone Lamp. HALL. 444

141. Fighting for Food. HALL. 445

142. Through the Snow. HALL. 446

143. Waiting by a Seal-hole. HALL. 447

144. Looking for Seals. HALL. 448

145. Innuit Strategy to Capture a Seal. HALL. 449

146. Seal-hole and Igloo. HALL. 450

147. Waiting for a Blow. HALL. 450

148. Dog and Seal. HALL. 451

149. Spearing through the Snow. HALL. 452

150. Dogs and Bear. HALL. 453

151. Barbekark and the Reindeer. HALL. 454

152. Head of Reindeer. HALL. 454

153. Spearing the Walrus. HALL. 455

154. Innuit Igloos. HALL. 456

155. Walrus Skull and Tusks. HALL. 457

156. The Woman’s Knife. HALL. 457

157. Innuit Implements. HALL. 458

158. Finding the Dead. HALL. 461

159. Innuit Summer Village. HALL. 462

160. Returning to the Ship. HALL. 463

161. Over the Ice. HALL. 464

162. The Frozen Sailor. HALL. 465

163. Farewell of the Innuits. HALL. 467

THE POLAR WORLD.