Chapter IX: The Spread of Islam in India

Distribution of the Muhammadan population. Part taken by the
Muhammadan rulers in the propagation of Islam: conversion of
Rajputs and others.—The work of the Muslim missionaries in India;
traditions of early missionary efforts in South India, forced
conversions under Ḥaydar ʻAlī and Tīpū Sulṭān, the Mappillas:—in
the Maldive Islands:—in the Deccan, early Arab settlements, labours
of individual missionaries:—in Sind, the rule of the Arabs, their
toleration, account of individual missionaries, conversion of the
Khojahs and Bohras:—in Bengal, the Muhammadan rule in this
province, extensive conversions of the lower castes, religious
revival in recent times.—Particular account of the labours of
Muslim missionaries in other parts of India. Propagationist
movements of modern times. Circumstances facilitating the progress
of Islam: the oppressiveness of the Hindu caste system, worship of
Muslim saints, etc.—Spread of Islam in Kashmīr and Tibet 254

CHAPTER X.

THE SPREAD OF ISLAM IN CHINA.

Early notices of Islam in China. Intercourse of the Chinese with
the Arabs. Legendary account of the first introduction of Islam
into China. Muslims under the Tʼang dynasty: influence of the
Mongol conquest; Islam under the Ming dynasty. Relations of the
Chinese Muslims to the Chinese Government. Their efforts to spread
their religion 294

CHAPTER XI.

THE SPREAD OF ISLAM IN AFRICA.

The Arabs in Northern Africa: conversion of the Berbers: the
mission of ʻAbd Allāh b. Yāsīn. Introduction of Islam into the
Sudan: rise of Muhammadan kingdoms: account of missionary
movements, Danfodio, ʻUthmān al-Amīr Ghanī, the Qādiriyyah, the
Tijāniyyah, and the Sanūsiyyah. Spread of Islam on the West Coast:
Ashanti: Dahomey. Spread of Islam on the East Coast: early Muslim
settlements: recent expansion in German East Africa: the Galla: the
Somali. Islam in Cape Coast Colony. Account of the Muslim
missionaries in Africa and their methods of winning converts 312

CHAPTER XII.

THE SPREAD OF ISLAM IN THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO.

Early intercourse between the Malay Archipelago and Arabia and
India. Methods of missionary work. History of Islam in Sumatra; in
the Malay Peninsula; in Java; in the Moluccas; in Borneo; in
Celebes; in the Philippine and the Sulu Islands; among the Papuans.
The Muslim missionaries: traders: ḥājīs 363

CHAPTER XIII.

CONCLUSION.

Absence of missionary organisation in Islam: zeal on the part of
individuals. Who are the Muslim missionaries? Causes that have
contributed to their success: the simplicity of the Muslim creed:
the rationalism and ritualism of Islam. Islam not spread by the
sword. The toleration of Muhammadan governments. Circumstances
contributing to the progress of Islam in ancient and in modern
times 408

APPENDIX I.

Letter of al-Hāshimī inviting al-Kindī to embrace Islam 428

APPENDIX II.

Controversial literature between Muslims and the followers of other faiths 436

APPENDIX III.

Muslim missionary societies 438

Titles of Works cited by Abbreviated References 440

THE PREACHING OF ISLAM