Chapter III: Section IV: Three Parties and Three Leaders (1596-1612)

Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists are respectively
guided by Maximilian Duke of Bavaria, John George
Elector of Saxony, and Christian of Anhalt 15

Character and policy of Maximilian dangerous to the
Protestants 15

The Protestants of the south more alive to the danger
than the Protestants of the north 17

Spread of Calvinism, especially in the south, accounted
for by the greater danger from Catholic
States 17

Character and policy of Christian of Anhalt 18

1603 _Accession of James I. of England_

1605 _Gunpowder Plot_

1607 Donauwörth occupied by Maximilian 19

1608 Formation of the Protestant Union and the Catholic
League 21

1609 The quarrel for the succession of Cleves does not result
in open war 21

1612 John George fruitlessly attempts to mediate between the
Catholics and the Calvinists 22

1613 _Marriage of Frederick V., Elector Palatine, to
Elizabeth, daughter of James I. of England_

CHAPTER II.

THE BOHEMIAN REVOLUTION.

SECTION I.--_The House of Austria and its Subjects_ (1600-1618).

Political and religious dissensions between the rulers
and their subjects 24

1609 The Emperor Rudolph, as King of Bohemia, grants the
Royal Charter to Bohemia 25

1611 He is succeeded by Matthias in spite of the intrigues
of Christian of Anhalt 26

Matthias evades the charter 27

1617 Ferdinand accepted by the Bohemian Diet as King by
hereditary right 28

1618 The Protestant churches on ecclesiastical lands
declared illegal by the government of Matthias; one at
Braunau shut up, one at Klostergrab pulled down 29

SECTION II.--_The Revolution at Prague_ (March-May 1618).

Mar. 5. Meeting of the Protestant Estates of Bohemia 29

May 23. Attack headed by Thurn upon the Regents at
Prague. Martinitz and Slawata thrown out of window.
Beginning of the Thirty Years' War 30

Appointment of Thirty Directors as a Revolutionary
Government in Bohemia 31

SECTION III.--_The War in Bohemia (May 1618-February 1619)._

Aug. 13. Bohemia invaded by the Emperor's general, Bucquoi.

The Bohemians look abroad for help. Mansfeld
brings troops to them. He besieges Pilsen, whilst
Thurn makes head against Bucquoi 33

Nov. 21. Pilsen surrenders 34

Christian of Anhalt urges Frederick V., Elector
Palatine, to intervene on behalf of the Bohemians,
and asks the Duke of Savoy to help them 34

1619 The Duke of Savoy talks of dividing the Austrian
Feb. dominions with Frederick 35

SECTION IV.--_Ferdinand on his Defence (March-November 1619)._

Mar. 20. Death of Matthias 36

June 5. Vienna besieged by Thurn. Ferdinand threatened
by a deputation from the Estates of Lower Austria 36

He is delivered by a regiment of horse, and Thurn
raises the siege 37

Aug. 28. Ferdinand II. elected Emperor 38

Aug. 26. Frederick, Elector Palatine, elected King of Bohemia,
Ferdinand having been previously deposed 38

Nov. 4. Frederick Crowned at Prague 39

CHAPTER III.

IMPERIALIST VICTORIES IN BOHEMIA AND THE PALATINATE