Chapter I: Front Matter

Transcriber’s Notes

Small capitals in the original work have been transcribed as ALL
CAPITALS; italics have been transcribed _between underscores_. A caret
represents a subscript, as in 4^o.

More Transcriber’s Notes may be found at the end of this text.

A BRIEF

HISTORY OF FORESTRY.

IN EUROPE, THE UNITED STATES
AND OTHER COUNTRIES

BY

Bernhard E. Fernow, LL.D.

Dean, Faculty of Forestry
University of Toronto

REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION

UNIVERSITY PRESS
TORONTO
AND
FORESTRY QUARTERLY,
CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

COPYRIGHT, CANADA, 1911,
BY B. E. FERNOW.

_To My Friend of Many Years_

_ROSSITER W. RAYMOND_

_whose warm personal interest and enthusiastic
patriotism have from their beginnings
inspired my labors in forwarding
forestry interests in the
United States._

CONTENTS.

PAGE
PREFACE ix

INTRODUCTORY 1

THE FOREST OF THE ANCIENTS 8
1. Forest Conditions 9
2. Development of Forest Property 12
3. Forest Use 15
4. Literature 19

GERMANY 22

I. FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO END OF MIDDLE AGES 26
1. Development of Property Conditions 27
2. Forest Treatment 36

II. FIRST DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTRY METHODS (1500 TO 1800) 41
1. Development of Property Conditions 42
2. Forest Conditions 47
3. Methods of Restriction in Forest Use 49
4. Development of Forest Policy 52
5. Personnel 56
6. Development of Silviculture 57
7. Improvement of the Crop 67
8. Methods of Regulating Forest Management 68
9. Improvements in Methods of Mensuration 73
10. Methods of Lumbering and Utilization 77
11. Forest Administration 80
12. Forestry Schools 83
13. Forestry Literature 84