Chapter III: Development in the Nineteenth Century 91

1. Changes in Property Conditions 92
2. Forest Conditions 96
3. Personnel 97
4. Progress in Silviculture 102
5. Methods of Forest Organization 113
6. Forest Administration 120
7. Forest Policy 125
8. Forestry Science and Literature 131
9. Means of Advancing Forestry Science 145

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 152
1. Property Conditions 157
2. First Attempts at Forest Control 158
3. Development of Forest Policy 162
4. State Forest Administration 167
5. Progress of Forest Organization 169
6. Development of Silviculture 172
7. Education and Literature 175
HUNGARY 178

SWITZERLAND 185
1. Forest Conditions and Property Rights 188
2. Development of Forest Policy 190
3. Forestry Practice 198
4. Education and Literature 200

FRANCE 203
1. Development of Forest Property 203
2. Development of Forest Administration 213
3. Development of Modern Forest Policy 220
4. Work of Reforestation 224
5. Forestry Science and Practice 233
6. Education and Literature 241
7. Colonial Policies 248

RUSSIA AND FINLAND 253
1. Forest Conditions and Ownership 255
2. Development of Forest Policy 261
3. Education and Literature 270
4. Forestry Practice 273

FINLAND 277

THE SCANDINAVIAN STATES 285

SWEDEN 287
1. Property Conditions 290
2. Development of Forest Policy 294
3. Forest Administration and Forest Practice 301
4. Education and Literature 303

NORWAY 305

DENMARK 314

THE MEDITERRANEAN PENINSULAS 320

TURKISH AND SLAVISH TERRITORIES 321

GREECE 327
1. Forest Conditions 328
2. Development of Forest Policy 332

ITALY 335
1. Forest Conditions 336
2. Development of Forest Policy 340
3. Education and Literature 347

SPAIN 349
1. Forest Conditions 352
2. Development of Forest Policy 354

PORTUGAL 360

GREAT BRITAIN AND HER COLONIES 365
1. Forest Conditions 367
2. Development of Forest Policy 370

INDIA 380
1. Forest Conditions 383
2. Property Conditions 388
3. Development of Forest Policy 391
4. Forest Organization and Administration 396
5. Forest Treatment 400
6. Education and Literature 405

CANADA 409
1. Forest Conditions 414
2. Ownership 421
3. Administration of Timberlands 424
4. Development of Forest Policy 428
5. Education 435

NEWFOUNDLAND 437

OTHER BRITISH POSSESSIONS AND COLONIES 438

JAPAN 442
1. Forest Conditions and Ownership 442
2. Development of Forest Policy 446

KOREA 455

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 456
1. Forest Conditions 461
2. Early Forest History 466
3. Development of Forest Policy 479
4. Education and Literature 499

INSULAR POSSESSIONS 504

INDEX i