Chapter XII: Part II: Myron and Pheidias (5)

Length, 9-1/2 inches. _Athenische Mittheilungen_, 1891, p. 79.

[Sidenote: 14.]

Right thigh and knee of a male figure, rather larger than life. It
is very doubtful whether this belongs to the Parthenon.

Length, 10 inches.

[Sidenote: 15.]

Fragment of right leg of small figure, broken off above ankle and
below knee. It has been attached at the back.

Length, 11 inches.

[Sidenote: 16.]

Left hand of colossal female figure clasped round an uncertain
object. The hand is broken off at the wrist; the forefinger and
middle finger are wanting. There is no evidence that this hand
belongs to the Parthenon. The scale, however, is suitable to
one of the central figures of the west pediment. If the hand is
derived thence, it is possible that the hand is a hand of Athene,
and that the object it holds is not the base of a torch, as has
been suggested, but part of the olive-tree. In that case Athene
would be placing her left hand on a projecting bough of her tree.

Length of third finger, 6-1/4 inches. Overbeck, _Ber. d. k. saechs.
Ges. d. Wissenschaften_, 1880, pl. 3.

[Sidenote: 17.]

Fragment of an olive-tree with foliage.

Height, 6-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 18.]

Similar fragment of olive-tree, larger than last.

Height, 1 foot 4 inches. Michaelis, pl. 8, fig. 15.

[Sidenote: 19.]

Fragment of ankle and part of calf of right leg wearing high
boot and attached on the right side to the trunk of a tree. It is
highly improbable that this fragment belonged to the Parthenon.

Height, 1 foot 3 inches.

[Sidenote: 20.]

Left hand and wrist of male figure; the palm is grooved for the
reception of some object like a staff; the thumb, forefinger, and
upper joints of the other fingers are wanting. The scale is
rather larger than that of the so-called Theseus (D) of the east
pediment, to which the fragment has been attributed by Overbeck.
The wrist is slightly bent inwards. This hand is finely modelled.

Length, 9-1/2 inches. Overbeck, _Ber. d. k. saechs. Ges. d.
Wissenschaften_, 1880, p. 43.

[Sidenote: 21.]

Fragment of left hand and wrist of male figure, the hand much bent
back as if the figure had rested on the open palm; broken across
the middle of the metacarpal bones; possibly the left hand of the
River-God V in the west pediment. See No. 304 V.

Breadth, 6-1/4 inches.

[Sidenote: 22.]

Right hand of female figure, small; the thumb and fingers broken
off.

Breadth of palm, 4-1/4 inches.

[Sidenote: 23.]

Right hand; the thumb and fingers broken off.

Breadth of palm, 4-3/4 inches.

[Sidenote: 24.]

Right arm of female figure, slightly bent; the upper arm broken
about the bottom of the biceps; the under side is worked rough.

Length, 1 foot 2 inches.

[Sidenote: 25.]

Fragment of left upper arm of female figure with sleeve of chiton
fastened with studs (Michaelis, pl. 8, fig. 25).

Length, 8-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 26.]

Fragment of right shoulder and upper part of back of arm of female
figure; over the shoulder is drapery.

Height, 1 foot 1/2 inch.

[Sidenote: 27.]

Fragment of right hip and right side of body nearly to the navel,
of a boy, possibly from the west pediment.

Greatest height, 8 inches.

[Sidenote: 28.]

Left breast of female figure, draped; the drapery has been
fastened on the left shoulder. This may be part of the figure of
Callirrhoe (W) in the west pediment.

Height, 1 foot.

[Sidenote: 29.]

Left breast of female figure, the drapery strained over it; the
scale is similar to that of the figure C in the west pediment.

Height, 9 inches.

[Sidenote: =340.=]

Cast of a marble head in the Bibliotheque Nationale at Paris, wrongly assigned by C. Lenormant to the pediments of the Parthenon.

Height, 1 foot 9 inches. _Gaz. Arch._, 1875, pl. 1; Wolters,
No. 1280; Laborde, _Athenes_, I., p. 157; Michaelis, p. 202, B*;
Babelon, _Cabinet des Antiques a la Bibl. Nat._, pl. 20.

CASTS FROM FRAGMENTS OF CHARIOT-HORSES OF WEST PEDIMENT.

[Sidenote: =341.=]

A large number of small fragments of horses from the west pediment has been discovered. Several of these fragments have been proved to have belonged to the horses of Poseidon, which were lost before the visit of Cyriac of Ancona, in 1447. Others belonged to the group of horses, which was let fall by Morosini's workmen. Casts of these are preserved in the British Museum, but only the most remarkable are exhibited in the Elgin Room.

[Sidenote: 1.]

Horse's head broken off at the setting off of the neck. The nose
wanting. The mane, which has been hogged, and the surface of this
head in several places are broken away. This fragment and the two
following are assigned by Sauer to the chariot of Poseidon.

Michaelis, pl. 8, J. K. _a_; Laborde, pl. 26, fig. 25.

[Sidenote: 2.]

Horse's head, lower half broken away. The mane hogged, with a
loose lock in front. Behind the ears a groove and two perforations
are worked in the mane, and above the ears two other perforations
for the attachment of trappings of metal.

Overbeck, _Ber. d. k. saechs. Ges. d. Wissenschaften_, 1879,
pl. 1, fig. 3.

[Sidenote: 3.]

A right hindleg from the stifle joint to the pastern, bent, so as
to indicate a rearing action. From below the hough to the hoof the
leg is carved out of a block resting on the bed of the pediment.
The greater part was sculptured on another block also set in the
bed, which is now wanting, and was fitted to the first block at
a joint roughly tooled. The outside of the haunch and hough have
been cut away, evidently to gain room for the left hindleg of
another horse, or, according to Sauer, for the chariot-pole. This
limb is composed of three separate fragments.

Michaelis, pl. 8, J. K. _f_; Laborde, pl. 26, fig. 40; Overbeck,
_Ber. d. k. saechs. Gesell. d. Wissenschaften_, 1879, p. 72, pl. 1;
and 1880, p. 161.

[Sidenote: 4.]

Left hindleg from stifle to below hough, bent, made up of two
fragments; the upper one may be Michaelis, pl. 8, J. K. _g_;
Laborde, pl. 26, fig. 36.

[Sidenote: 5.]

Left thigh from below stifle; the outer side split off, broken off
in the hough joint.

[Sidenote: 6.]

Right forefoot; made up of two fragments of which one is
Michaelis, pl. 8, J. K. _p_; broken off below the knee; the hoof
free from the ground.

[Sidenote: 7.]

Hoof of forefoot, free from the ground; cut away on one side with
rough surface; under the foot are holes round the edge as if for
nails.

[Sidenote: 8.]

Hindhoof attached to fragment of base.

Michaelis, pl. 8, J. K. _m_; Laborde, pl. 26, fig. 41.

[Sidenote: 9.]

Left foreleg, bent, from above knee to below knee.

Michaelis, pl. 8, J. K. _s_; Laborde, pl. 26, fig. 30 bis.

MARBLE FRAGMENTS OF METOPES.

[Sidenote: =342.=]

The following fragments can be assigned with confidence to their respective places on the south side.

[Sidenote: 1.]

Metope XII. (No. 314). Foot of female figure. See _ante_, No. 314.

[Sidenote: 2.]

Metope XIV. The body of a male figure from the neck to the navel.
This fragment is engraved in the vignette to _Museum Marbles_,
Part vii., and was drawn by Carrey, who gives the whole metope
as a youth raising his hands in astonishment, and a woman with a
casket.

Michaelis, pl. 3, xiv.; _Synopsis_, No. 319 (143).

[Sidenote: 3.]

Metope XVI. The head and trunk of a figure who has fallen in a
combat between two men. The trunk was one of the Elgin fragments,
and is also engraved in the vignette to _Museum Marbles_, Part
vii. The head was formerly at Chatsworth, and was presented to
the Museum by _the Duke of Devonshire_ in 1859. Carrey gives the
position of the head of the fallen figure very accurately.

_Synopsis_, No. 323 (294); Michaelis, pl. 3, xvi.

[Sidenote: 4.]

Metope XX. Left thigh of female figure with clinging drapery,
standing turned to the left.

The following fragments are either of doubtful or unknown origins.
Probably they are all derived from metopes on the south side.

[Sidenote: 5.]

Left breast of draped female figure. South side, Metope No. XIII.?

_Synopsis_, No. 302 (132); Michaelis, pl. 4, fig. K.

[Sidenote: 6.]

Fragment of right arm from the wrist to above the elbow, which is
bent; above the wrist is attached a corner of drapery. _Presented
by M. Dubois, 1840._ South side, Metope No. XV.?

[Sidenote: 7.]

Fragment of right arm from the wrist to the elbow, placed across
the breast and left shoulder, with folds of drapery hanging as if
from the hand. South side, Metope No. XIX.?

_Synopsis_, No. 305 (136).

[Sidenote: 8.]

Fragment of left arm from the wrist to near the elbow.

_Synopsis_, No. 306 (137).

[Sidenote: 9.]

Fragment of calf of leg.

_Synopsis_, No. 307 (138).

[Sidenote: 10.]

Fragment of calf of leg covered with drapery.

_Synopsis_, No. 308 (139).

[Sidenote: 11.]

Fragment of left arm from the wrist to near the elbow.

_Synopsis_, No. 309 (140).

[Sidenote: 12.]

Part of the arm (?) of a draped figure, made up of two pieces.

_Synopsis_, Nos. 320 (141) and 322 (142).

[Sidenote: 13.]

Fragment of the right upper arm of a draped female figure with
sleeve fastened with two studs.

_Synopsis_, No. 304 (134).

[Sidenote: 14.]

Right shoulder and part of breast of draped female figure; the
chiton fastened down the shoulder with four studs.

Michaelis, pl. 4, fig. O; _Synopsis_, No. 301 (131).

[Sidenote: 15.]

Left hind leg of Centaur up to above the hough. _Presented by M.
Dubois, 1840._

CASTS FROM FRAGMENTS OF METOPES.

[Sidenote: =343.=]

A large number of fragments have been discovered in the course of excavations at Athens. Casts of these have been attached, as far as possible to the Metopes. Of the fragments which could not be so attached, the following are the most important.

[Sidenote: 1.]

South side, Metope XI. Fragment of shield, held by left hands of
both Centaur and Lapith; cf. Michaelis, pl. 3, No. xi. See p. 138.

[Sidenote: 2.]

Metope XVII. Torso of male figure, extending from the left
shoulder to half-way down the right thigh; drapery hangs from the
left shoulder and falls down the back to the waist. This figure
has stood on the right foot; the left leg appears to have been
bent. This metope, as drawn by Carrey, appears to have contained a
nearly nude male figure, standing, and a draped figure of a woman,
or citharist, holding a lyre.

Michaelis, pl. 3, xvii.

[Sidenote: 3.]

Metope XVII. Fragment, possibly part of a lyre; apparently this is
the object held in the hands of the draped figure of this metope.
There are traces of fingers at the back.

[Sidenote: 4.]

Metope XX. Fragment of right hand holding the end of a scroll.
This metope, as drawn by Carrey, contained two draped figures,
holding scrolls.

Michaelis, pl. 3, xx.

[Sidenote: 5.]

Metope XXIV. Torso of Lapith. In the complete metope, as drawn
by Carrey, the Lapith holds the fallen Centaur by the hair, and
places his left foot on his body.

Michaelis, pl. 3, xxiv.

[Sidenote: 6.]

Head of Lapith, perhaps from Metope No. 305. _Found in the
excavations on the Acropolis, of 1889._

Height, 7-1/2 inches.

MARBLE FRAGMENT OF FRIEZE.

[Sidenote: =344.=]

Head of a youth, looking to the left, in low relief. This fragment probably belongs to one of the horsemen in the north frieze. It is placed by Michaelis (pl. 13) in the space between slabs xxvi. and xxviii. This head was formerly in the possession of Mr. Steinhaueser, at Karlsruhe.

Height, 5-3/4 inches.

CASTS FROM FRAGMENTS OF THE FRIEZE.

[Sidenote: =345.=]

The fragments are here arranged, as far as possible, in the order followed in the description of the frieze.

EAST FRIEZE.

[Sidenote: 1.]

Fragment from left-hand lower corner of slab, with drapery falling
in vertical folds from below the knee of a figure; and with a
right foot turned to the right, and wearing a shoe with a thick
sole. The figure to which this fragment belongs must have been a
maiden in the procession; probably the figure on the left of slab
ii. now entirely lost, but preserved in Carrey's drawing.

Height, 1 foot. Compare Michaelis, pl. 14, slab ii., No. 2.

[Sidenote: 2.]

Female head, looking to the left. The hair is gathered up under
a net. This must have belonged to one of the figures in the
procession on the east side, slabs vii.-ix., and probably to No.
56.

Height, 4-1/2 inches.

NORTH FRIEZE.

[Sidenote: 3.]

Fragment of arm and drapery of male figure moving to the left.
From the left edge of a slab. This seems to be a part of the
figure, No. 4, partly seen on slab ii., and has been thus drawn on
plate vii.

Height, 1 foot 1 inch.

[Sidenote: 4.]

Left-hand upper corner of slab, on which is a youthful male head,
bound with a diadem, looking to the left; the face shown in three
quarters. This seems to agree best with Carrey's drawing of the
figure with the sheep, slab iv., No. 7 (= Michaelis, No. 9). See
plate vii.

Height, 7-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 5.]

Fragment containing the back of the head of one of the
lyre-players (Michaelis, No. 24) and part of the lyre of the other
(Michaelis, No. 25).

Height, 11-1/4 inches. (See Plate viii.) Michaelis, pl. 12, vii.

[Sidenote: 6.]

Fragment from lower part of draped figure from knee to right (?)
foot, the direction being to the left. On the right side of the
fragment is a joint. The drapery reaches to the ankle, with an
upper fold falling half-way down the calf. This fragment seems
to have belonged to the musician on slab vii., whose lyre is
preserved on the preceding fragment, and is thus drawn on Plate
viii. Michaelis is in error in marking a joint on the left of his
No. 26 (= Museum, No. 17).

Height, 1 foot 7-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 7.]

Fragment with left foot wearing a shoe, from a draped figure
moving to the left. The skirt falls just above the ankle. This
may be a part of the figure on slab i., only preserved in Carrey's
drawing (cf. Plate vii.); or it may have belonged to one of the
figures on slabs vii.--ix., notwithstanding that Carrey represents
them with bare feet.

Height, 7 inches.

[Sidenote: 8.]

Fragment from the left of slab ix., giving parts of the three
figures shown in Carrey's drawing (see Plate viii.). This fragment
agrees fairly well with Carrey, except that he does not
indicate the hand of the middle figure. It was discovered in the
excavations on the Acropolis in 1889.

Height, 2 feet.

[Sidenote: 9.]

Fragment from the right joint of a slab, containing part of a male
figure from the hip to the right shoulder. The right arm was held
horizontally, and bent at the elbow, so that the hand is seen
before the breast. A mantle passes round the body from under the
right arm to the left shoulder. This, as Robert points out (_Arch.
Zeit._, 1875, p. 100, _l_), seems to be the marshal beside the
chariot group in Michaelis, pl. 12, xiii., fig. 48. (See Plate
viii., slab xiii.) In that case the raised mass on the left of the
hip of this figure would be part of the rump of the third horse.

Height, 1 foot 5 inches.

[Sidenote: 10.]

Fragment with edge of hind quarter of horse, rearing to the left,
with part of the tail. Above the tail are folds of drapery. This
fragment is perhaps a part of slab xiii., with the hinder chariot
horse; but this is very doubtful.

Height, 1 foot 8 inches; Michaelis, pl. 12, slab xiii., fig. 48.

[Sidenote: 11.]

Part of a charioteer, between the waist and the knees; he stands
in a chariot, of which the antyx is visible. The left forearm
crosses the body as if holding the reins. This fragment, which is
not noticed by Michaelis, must belong to the north frieze. Robert
(_Arch. Zeit._, 1875, p. 100, _n_) proposed to assign it to
slab No. xiii. of the north frieze. This seems the most probable
position, though the fragment does not agree very well with
Carrey's drawing.

Height, 1 foot.

[Sidenote: 12.]

Fragment of chariot group; an apobates standing in a quadriga,
leaning forward. The head and neck, right arm from below elbow and
legs from below the knee are wanting. On his left arm is his oval
buckler. He wears a chiton which leaves the right arm and side
bare. His right hand must have grasped the antyx. On the left a
portion of the drapery of the charioteer is visible. There is a
joint on the left of this fragment. It must belong to the northern
frieze, and on p. 172, fig. 12, it has been drawn in combination
with slab xix. It is not given by Michaelis, or in Robert's list
(_Arch. Zeit._, 1875, pp. 95-103).

Height, 1 foot 5 inches.

[Sidenote: 13.]

Horse's head, reined back; a joint on the left side. The scale and
direction show that this head belonged to a chariot group on the
north side.

Height, 11-1/2 inches; Michaelis, pl. 12, slab xx. (cf. p. 173).

[Sidenote: 14.]

Fragment containing a part of the neck and lower part of the mane
of one of the horses of a chariot group, together with a part of
the neck of a second horse. This fragment, which was discovered in
the excavations on the Acropolis of 1889, must belong to a chariot
group of the north frieze, perhaps to slab xi., xv., or xvi.

Height, 1 foot 3 inches.

[Sidenote: 15.]

The upper part of two horsemen, and part of the head or neck of a
succeeding horse. The second rider, whose hand is preserved,
held metal reins. The horse had a metal bridle. This fragment
was formerly in the Cataio Villa, and afterwards the property of
Archduke Karl of Austria. It must have belonged to the fragmentary
portion of the north frieze, between slabs xxvi. and xxviii.

Height, 1 foot 3 inches; Laborde, _Athenes_, II., p. 236;
Michaelis, pl. 13, xxvii.

SOUTH FRIEZE.

[Sidenote: 16.]

Helmeted head looking to the right. The lower part of the face is
broken away. The helmet has a cheekpiece turned up at the side.
This head probably belongs to the horseman, No. 5, in the south
frieze.

Height, 5-1/4 inches.

[Sidenote: 17.]

Foreleg of a horse from below the knee to the hoof. The direction
is to the right.

Length, 7-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 18.]

Youthful beardless head wearing a petasos and looking to the
right. The right side of the head is broken away. Michaelis
engraved this head, pl. 11, slab xix., No. 48. It no doubt
belongs either to that horseman, or to one of the two on the slab
following (xx.), for which see Carrey's drawing.

Height, 7 inches.

[Sidenote: 19.]

Upper part of youthful male figure looking to the right;
behind, horse's head. The figure wore a chiton with girdle, and,
apparently, a close-fitting helmet or leather cap. Part of the
shoulder of a second figure seems to be visible on the right edge
of the fragment. It is not easy to find a place for this fragment
among the horsemen of the south side. It seems more probable that
the head is that of the charioteer of slab xxvi.; it agrees well
with Carrey's drawing.

Height, 1 foot 4 inches; Michaelis, pl. 11, slab, xxvi.; No. 64.

[Sidenote: 20.]

Fragment of male figure, turned to the right, extending from the
neck to the hip. The drapery consists only of a mantle which
is seen passing over the right shoulder and round the body. The
figure appears to be that of a youth and to correspond best with
one of the charioteers of the south frieze, only preserved in
Carrey's drawing, Michaelis, pl. 11, slab xxvii.

Height, 1 foot 1/4 inch; Michaelis, pl. 11, slab xxiv., A.

[Sidenote: 21.]

Fragment of elderly male figure, moving to the right; from the
hips to the beginning of the shoulder blades. He wears a mantle
closely wrapped about him, and leaving the right arm bare. On the
right of this fragment is a joint. It probably belongs to a
figure in the group of old men and musicians, slabs xxxiv.-xxxvii.
Michaelis inserts it in slab xxxv. (No. 97 in his pl. 11), but his
drawing is incorrect and the fragment cannot be adjusted there.
The only possible place seems to be on the right of slab xxxiv.

Height, 10 inches.

[Sidenote: 22.]

Fragment with left foot and part of drapery of figure moving to
the right, and having the left foot hindmost. From the left-hand
lower corner of a slab. The lowness of the relief shows that this
foot belongs to one of the figures on the far side of the victims.
Michaelis combines it with his pl. 11., slab xliii., 126. This
figure, which is 84 according to the Museum numbering, has now
been joined to slab xli. Although the fragment does not seem to
join satisfactorily to the angle of slab xli., yet this seems its
probable position.

Height, 8 inches.

SOUTH OR NORTH FRIEZE.

[Sidenote: 23.]

Fragment of helmeted head looking to the right. The head is
entirely destroyed except the back of the helmet and its crest.
This head perhaps belongs to one of the warriors that accompany
the chariots in the north frieze.

Height, 11-1/2 inches.

ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENTS FROM THE PARTHENON.

[Sidenote: =350.=]

The capital and uppermost drum of one of the Doric columns of the north side.

Width of abacus, 6 feet 7-1/4 inches; Penrose, _Athenian
Architecture_, pl. 19, fig. 1.

[Sidenote: =351.=]

Part of a marble tile-front. The roof of the Parthenon, like that of many other Greek temples, was formed of marble tiles, _solenes_, carefully adjusted. In the case of the Parthenon the tiles were placed side by side. Ridge tiles covered the joints, and the lower end of each ridge terminated in an anthemion. Hence the tile-front was called by the Greeks _kalypter anthemotos_. See the model of the Parthenon, and Michaelis, pl. 2, fig. 8.--_Inwood Coll._

Height, 1 foot 1/2 inch.

[Sidenote: =352.=]

Cast of a similar but more perfect tile-front, from the original at Athens.

Height, 1 foot 8-1/2 inches; Michaelis, pl. 2, fig. 8; Inwood,
_Erechtheion_, pl. 22.

[Sidenote: =353.=]

Cast of lion's head from one of the angles of the pediment. This head, is worked from a block which forms the springing stone of both the cymatium and the corona of the pediment. In the modelling of the lion's head, and especially in the treatment of the mane, there is a noticeable austerity and conventionalism, such as is appropriate to a purely decorative piece of sculpture.

Height, 1 foot 4-1/2 inches. See the model of the Parthenon;
Penrose, _Athenian Architecture_, pl. 17; Michaelis, pl. 2, fig.
9; Brunn, _Denkmaeler_, No. 82 B.

[Sidenote: =354, 5.=]

Casts from two fragments of acroteria, probably from the western pediment.

The acroteria were ornaments placed above the centre of the pediments. For an example of a complete acroterion, see that from Eleusis, No. 438.

Lengths, 3 feet 3 inches and 1 foot 9 inches; Michaelis, pl. 2,
fig. 10, i, l.

[Sidenote: =356.=]

Marble fragment of a similar acroterion.--_Inwood Coll._

Height, 10 inches; Inwood, _Erechtheion_, pl. 22, p. 130.

[Sidenote: =357.=]

Marble fragment of moulding with painted maeander pattern.--_Inwood Coll._

Length, 10 inches; Inwood, _Erechtheion_, pl. 22, p. 129.

[Sidenote: =358.=]

Marble fragment of moulding with painted maeander pattern. Both these fragments (357, 358) appear to belong to the moulding which surmounted the frieze and passed round the interior of the peristyle.--_Elgin Coll._

Length, 1 foot 9 inches; Penrose, _Athenian Architecture_, pl. 20,
fig. 27_a_; pl. 23; Michaelis, pl. 2, fig. 17.