Chapter V: Part I: Archaic Period (1)

SCULPTURES FROM MYCENAE.

The sculptures contained in the first section of this catalogue are derived from the site of Mycenae, the first four being fragments of important works of architecture. There is great uncertainty as to the date and origin of the Mycenaean monuments. A theory frequently advanced supposes that they are remains of an old civilization whose centre was Argolis, and which was swept away by Dorian invaders. If this view is accepted, Nos. 1-6 are separated by a long interval of years, and by a time of great political change, from the remaining sculptures in this volume. From No. 7 onwards we have works produced during the historical period; but the remains of Mycenae acquire interest from the consideration that they may be authentic memorials of a dynasty only dimly remembered in the Homeric Poems.

[Sidenote: =1-4.=]

Fragments of architecture from the building, commonly known as the 'Treasury of Atreus' at Mycenae. This building is a dome-covered tomb (_tholos_) of beehive shape, approached by a long passage (_dromos_). It is cut out from the side of a hill, and built of heavy masonry, covered with earth, so as to form a tumulus. It was partially excavated by Lord Elgin, and more completely in 1879 by the Greek Archaeological Society. The fragments Nos. 1-4 are parts of an elaborately decorated doorway to the tomb. They have been incorporated in a somewhat fanciful restoration which was made by Donaldson, and which has been much modified by later investigators.

For plans and views, see Stuart, 2nd ed., IV. pls. 1-5 (with
Donaldson's restoration). Dodwell, _Pelasgic Remains_, pls. 9, 10.
_Athenische Mittheilungen_, IV., p. 177, pls. 11-13 (Thiersch);
Mitchell, p. 143. Donaldson's restoration is based on an earlier
attempt by Lord Elgin's artists, which is now among the Elgin
drawings in the British Museum.

[Sidenote: =1.=]

Fragment from the 'Treasury of Atreus' at Mycenae. The decoration consists of three bands of the wave pattern, separated by mouldings. Two of these bands are in low relief; the third is in high relief, with a hole bored in the centre of each spiral for the insertion of glass or metal ornaments. Among the tools employed by the artist, the chisel, saw, and the tubular drill, were plainly included. From the fact that the end of the fragment is cut at an acute angle, it is inferred that this fragment was placed above the doorway of the building, in contact with a relief of triangular form. It is also possible that it may have formed part of a triangular slab above the door. A piece of red marble, similarly decorated, which is now at Athens, exactly fits the apex of the triangular opening (_Athenische Mittheilungen_, iv., pl. 13, fig. 1, A.).--_Elgin Coll._

Red marble. Height, 1 foot 4-1/4 inches; width, 3 feet 2-3/4
inches. Stuart, 2nd ed., IV., pl. 4, fig. 10; p. 32; cf. pl. 5;
Dodwell, _Tour_, II., p. 232; Murray, I., p. 38; Wolters, No. 3.

[Sidenote: =2.=]

Fragment from the 'Treasury of Atreus' at Mycenae. The decoration consists of a band of the wave pattern, and a band of lozenges in low relief, the bands being separated by mouldings of similar character to those of No. 1. The saw and chisel were used by the artist.

This slab, according to Donaldson, formed a part of the architrave, over the entrance to the building. According to Dodwell, it was 'found by the excavators of the Earl of Elgin, near the Treasury of Atreus.'--_Elgin Coll._

Hard green limestone; height, 1 foot 6 inches; width, 3 feet 6
inches. Stuart, 2nd ed., IV., pl. 4, fig. 9; cf. pl. 5; Dodwell,
_Tour_, II., p. 232; Murray, I., p. 39; Wolters, No. 2.

[Sidenote: =3.=]

Fragment from the 'Treasury of Atreus' at Mycenae. This fragment, which is decorated with a portion of a wave pattern enclosed by two mouldings meeting at an acute angle, is a part of one of the columns that flanked the entrance to the building. These columns were decorated with an elaborate system of ornament, composed of zigzag bands of the wave pattern, best understood on reference to drawings of the complete column (_cf._ fig. 1). The tubular drill has been used as in No. 1.--_Presented by the Institute of British Architects_, 1843.

Hard green limestone; height, 11 inches; width, 9 inches. For
drawings of the restored column, with its capital (formerly taken
for the base) compare Stuart, 2nd ed., IV., pl. 4, figs. 1-5, pl.
5. Dodwell, _Tour_, II., pl. facing p. 232; Murray, I., p. 40;
Puchstein, _Das Ionische Capitell_, p. 50. For fragments of the
capital, see Gell, _Itinerary_, pl. 7; Mitchell, p. 145, fig. 70.

[Sidenote: =4.=]

Fragment from the 'Treasury of Atreus' at Mycenae. This is a part of the lower member of the capital of a pilaster flanking the great doorway (_cf._ fig. 1).--_Presented by the Institute of British Architects_, 1843.

Hard green limestone; height, 3-1/2 inches; width, 10 inches.
Puchstein, _Das Ionische Capitell_, p. 50.

[Sidenote: =5.=]

Fragment of relief. Head and shoulder of rampant lion. From the shape of the fragment it appears to have been a part of a triangular relief filling the space above a doorway. (Compare No. 1 and the Gate of Lions at Mycenae.) The lion's paw is extended as if towards another lion confronting him. A pattern is drawn in fine lines on the shoulder. Behind the lion is a branch of laurel.

A part of this relief has been exposed to a corroding influence, which has acted uniformly on the surface, so that the design is sunk, but not obliterated.--_Mycenae (?)_ _Elgin Coll._

Limestone; height, 1 foot 10-1/4 inches; width, 2 feet 2 inches.
_Synopsis_, No. 204 (158). Murray (2nd ed.), I., p. 61.

[Sidenote: =6.=]

Fragment of relief. Forelegs and part of body of bull standing to left. A joint is worked in the stone, in front of the bull.--_Mycenae (?)_ _Elgin Coll._

Green limestone, closely resembling that of No. 5, but not
identical with it. Both are composed principally of flakes of
mica, which are, however, larger and more abundant in No. 6 than
in No. 5. Height, 1 foot 4-1/2 inches; width, 2 feet 5 inches.
_Synopsis_, No. 224 (160).

SCULPTURES FROM BRANCHIDAE.

The temple and oracle of Apollo at Didyma, near Miletus, in Asia Minor, were from time immemorial in the hands of the priestly clan of the Branchidae, whose name came to denote the place itself. This temple was destroyed by the Persians--probably by Darius on the suppression of the Ionian Revolt--about 495 B.C. (Herod. vi., 19. See, however, Strabo, xiv., p. 634; xi., p. 518.) After its destruction, the temple was not rebuilt till the time of Alexander. The temple was connected with the harbour Panormos by the Sacred Way. Along this the sculptures stood at intervals. They are dedicatory offerings made to Apollo, probably by the persons represented.

The following are the materials for fixing the period to which the sculptures of Branchidae must be assigned. It is certain that none of them are later than the destruction of the temple by the Persians, and the latest of them (No. 16) appears a generation earlier than the works associated with that period. On the other hand, there is no reason to place the oldest before the early part of the sixth century B.C. Thus these sculptures cover the period of (say) 580-520 B.C. On epigraphic grounds, the date may be more closely defined. It is believed that the older form for [Greek: e E (TN: drawn as 2 vertical boxes)] was changed to H (TN: E =Eta) shortly before 550 B.C. By this criterion, Nos. 10, 17, belong to an older group, and No. 14 to a later group. An inscribed base now in the British Museum with the name of an artist, Terpsicles, also belongs to the older group (Roehl, _I.G.A._, 484). It has been suggested that Chares of Teichioussa (No. 14) was one of the local tyrants who were established after the destruction of the kingdom of Croesus (546 B.C.), and this agrees well with the epigraphical evidence.

The statues of Branchidae are of interest because they exhibit the process by which the grotesque coarseness of primitive work tends towards the stiff and formal refinement that marks the later stage of archaic art. The series in the British Museum breaks off before the second stage has been completely attained, but it can be well supplemented by a seated female figure from Miletus, now in the Louvre (Rayet et Thomas, _Milet et le Golfe Latmique_, pl. 21).

The sculptures of the Sacred Way were discovered by Chandler in
1765 (_Antiqs. of Ionia_, 1st ed., I. p. 46; Chandler, _Travels in
Asia Minor_, 1775, p. 152). They were more accurately examined by
Gell, and the second _Dilettanti_ expedition in 1812 (_Antiqs. of
Ionia_, 2nd ed., 1821, Part I., p. 29, vignette, and ch. III.,
pl. 1; Mueller, _Denkmaeler_, I., pl. 9, fig. 33). A more accurate
sketch was made by Ross (_Arch. Zeit._, 1850, pl. 13). Such of
the sculptures as could be found in 1858 were removed by Sir C.
Newton; Newton, II., p. 527. On the inscriptions see Kirchhoff,
_Studien_, 4th ed., pp. 19, 25.

[Sidenote: =7.=]

Female figure, seated on a chair, with her hand resting on her knees. The head is wanting, and the upper part of the body is much mutilated. The figure wears a long chiton, with sleeves, and a diploidion. The feet of this figure (as of all the other figures) are bare. The drapery falls down in front of the legs in stiff conventional folds. The sleeve, however, of the chiton is worked in a more natural manner. There are remains of a key-pattern on the sides of the cushion of the chair.--_Sacred Way, Branchidae._

Parian marble; height, 3 feet 9 inches. Mansell, No. 607.

[Sidenote: =8.=]

Male figure, seated on a chair, with his hands resting on his knees. The head, shoulders, left forearm, and hand are wanting. The figure wears a long chiton with sleeves and a mantle. The lower part of the chiton is entirely conventional, but parts of the mantle, and the outlines of the arms are worked after nature. On the ends of the cushion there is a pattern of zigzag lines.--_Sacred Way, Branchidae._

Parian marble; height, 3 feet 11-1/4 inches. Newton, II., p. 534;
Mansell, No. 604 (left).

[Sidenote: =9.=]

Female figure, seated on a chair with hands resting on her knees. The right hand is wanting, and also the toes and front of the base, which seem to have been attached separately. The figure wears a long chiton and a mantle, which passes over the back of the shoulders, under the right arm, and in both directions across the left shoulder. Neither garment has indications of fold, and the edges are conventionally treated. The face, as far as can be seen, was full and thick. The hair falls in pointed tresses, the undulations of which are indicated in a conventional manner. The right ear is finished with care. This chair has no cushion, the drapery of the figure being seen under the arms.--_Sacred Way, Branchidae._

Parian marble; height, 5 feet 2 inches. Newton, I., pl. 75 (2nd
from right); Rayet et Thomas, _Milet et le Golfe Latmique_, pl.
26 (right); Overbeck, _Gr. Plast._, 3rd ed., I., p. 94, fig. 11c;
Wolters, No. 7.

[Sidenote: =10.=]

Male figure, seated on a chair, with the right hand resting on the right knee, and the left hand beside the left thigh. The head, and the fingers of the left hand are wanting. The figure wears a chiton with sleeves, and a mantle, which passes round the body, under the right arm, and passes in both directions over the left shoulder, so as to hang down in folds over the knees. The ends of the cushion, the sleeves of the chiton, and a part of the chiton seen on the left knee, are decorated with the key pattern.

On the left arm of the chair is the inscription: [Greek: Eudemos me epoie(i)n]--"Eudemos made me."--_Sacred Way, Branchidae._

Parian marble; height, 5 feet 1 inch. Newton, I., pl. 75 (right);
pl. 97, No. 71; II., p. 534; p. 783; Kirchhoff, _Studien_, 4th
ed., p. 26; Roehl, _I.G.A._, 485; Roberts, _Greek Epigraphy_, p.
162.

[Sidenote: =11.=]

Male figure, seated on a chair, with left hand on left knee, and right hand, with palm turned upwards, on right thigh. The head, right shoulder, and right hand are wanting. The figure wears a chiton with sleeves, and a mantle. The folds of the lower parts are entirely conventional, but those of the upper part of the chiton are indicated by delicate wavy grooves. The hair falls behind in tresses which are cut off square on the shoulders.--_Sacred Way, Branchidae._

Parian marble; height, 4 feet 4 inches; Newton, I., pl. 74
(right); Mansell, Nos. 603 (left), 604 (right).

[Sidenote: =12.=]

Male figure, seated on a chair, with left hand resting on left knee, and right hand, with palm turned upwards, by right knee. The head, shoulders, and breast, and the right hand are wanting. The figure wears a chiton with sleeves, and a mantle, which passes under the right arm, while the ends cross the left shoulder in contrary directions. The artist has attempted to render the fine folds of the upper part of the chiton.

The four legs of the chair are decorated with a design which appears to be developed from the lotus bud, and is seen on Assyrian reliefs. On the back of the top rail of the chair is the late inscription: [Greek: Nike Glaukou], which is either "Nike, daughter of Glaukos," or, perhaps, a formula of the Christian period, "Victory of Glaukos!"--_Sacred Way, Branchidae._

Parian marble; height, 5 feet. Newton, I., pl. 97, No. 73; II.,
p. 531, fig. 2; p. 787; Kirchhoff, _Studien_, 4th ed., p. 20.

[Sidenote: =13.=]

Male figure seated on a chair, with left hand resting on left knee, and right hand, with palm turned upwards, by the right thigh. The head and the right hand are wanting. The figure wears a chiton, and a mantle which passes round the body under the right arm, and passes in both directions over the left shoulder, so as to hang down in folds before the knees. The artist has attempted to render the fine folds of the upper part of the chiton, and has decorated the front legs of the chair as in No. 12. The statue has been broken and repaired in ancient times with lead cramps.--_Sacred Way, Branchidae._

Marble; height, 4 feet 8 inches. Newton, pl. 75 (second from
left); II., p. 531, fig. 1; Mansell, No. 605; Overbeck, _Gr.
Plast._, 3rd ed., I., p. 94, fig. 11b.

[Sidenote: =14.=]

Statue of Chares, a male figure, seated on a chair, with left hand resting on left knee, and right hand, with palm turned upwards, by the right thigh. The head and hands are wanting. The figure wears a chiton with sleeves and a mantle which passes under the right arm, while the ends pass in contrary directions over the left shoulder. The sleeves of the chiton are bordered with a key pattern, which is doubled along the seam.

On the right leg of the chair is the inscription:

]

"I am Chares, son of Kleisis, ruler of Teichioussa. The statue is the property of Apollo."--_Sacred Way, Branchidae._

Parian marble; height, 4 feet 10 inches. Newton, pl. 74 (left);
pl. 97, No. 72; II., pp. 532, 784; Mansell, No. 614; Rayet et
Thomas, _Milet et le Golfe Latmique_, pl. 25; Dieulafoy,
_L'Art Antique de la Perse_, Part III., pl. 15; Wolters, No.
6; Kirchhoff, _Studien_, 4th ed., p. 19; Roehl, _I.G.A._, 488;
Roberts, _Greek Epigraphy_, p. 163; _Palaeographical Society,
Facsimiles_, I., No. 76.

[Sidenote: =15.=]

Male figure, seated on a chair, with left hand on left knee, and right hand by right thigh. The head and right hand are wanting. The figure wears a chiton with sleeves and a mantle which passes under the right arm, while the ends cross the left shoulder in contrary directions. The fine folds of the upper part of the chiton are indicated.--_Sacred Way, Branchidae._

Parian marble; height, 4 feet 2 inches.

[Sidenote: =16.=]

Female figure, seated on a chair, with hands on her knees. The head and feet are wanting. The figure wears a sleeved chiton with a diploidion and a veil. The sleeves terminate with long folds. The veil falls down over the shoulders, in numerous folds.

In attempting to indicate the legs with greater detail than his predecessors, the artist has rendered them as if they were nude; but in naturalness and freedom this statue is conspicuously the most advanced of the series.--_Sacred Way, Branchidae._

Parian marble; height, 4 feet. Newton, pl. 75 (left); Mansell, No.
603 (right); Rayet et Thomas, _Milet et le Golfe Latmique_, pl.
26 (left); Overbeck, _Gr. Plast._, 3rd ed., I., p. 94, fig. 11a;
Wolters, No. 7.

[Sidenote: =17.=]

Lion, recumbent, with right fore-paw passing in front of the body, and with left paw laid over it. The hind quarters are half turned over, the animal lying on the right haunch. The head is wanting. The mane is rendered by stiff pointed locks of hair of conventional form. The pose, however, of the animal shows careful study of nature.

On the flank is the inscription:

1. [Greek: Ta agalmata tade anethesan hoi Or-
ionos paides to(u) archego(u), Thales
kai Pasikles kai Hegesandros k[a]i Eu-
bios kai Anaxileos, de[ka]ten to A-
5. pol(l)oni.]

"The sons of Orion, the governor, Thales, Pasicles, Hegesander, Eubios and Anaxileos dedicated these statues as a tithe to Apollo."--_Sacred Way, Branchidae._

Marble; height, 2 feet 6-1/4 inches; length, 7 feet. Newton, I.,
pl. 97, No. 66; II., p. 777; Kirchhoff, _Studien_, 4th ed., p. 26;
Roehl, _I.G.A._, 483; Roberts, _Greek Epigraphy_, p. 161; Mansell,
No. 615.

[Sidenote: =18.=]

Sphinx or lion, recumbent. This figure has been called a Sphinx or a lion-sphinx. The distinguishing marks of a Greek Sphinx are wanting, as the head is lost, and the figure is wingless.--_Sacred Way, Branchidae._

Marble; height, 4 feet 2 inches; length, 6 feet 11-1/2 inches.
_Antiqs. of Ionia_, 2nd ed., I., p. 29; Ross, _Arch. Zeit._, 1850,
p. 132; Mueller, _Denkmaeler_, I., pl. 9, No. 33; Newton, II., p.
535; Milchhoefer, _Athenische Mittheilungen_, IV., p. 50.

[Sidenote: =19.=]

Beardless male head, from an archaic statue. The left shoulder is preserved. The hair falls in tresses, as in the case of No. 9.--_Branchidae._

Marble; height, 1 foot 3 inches; Rayet et Thomas, _Milet et le
Golfe Latmique_, pl. 27.

[Sidenote: =20.=]

Female head (unfinished (?)) from an archaic statue. The figure wears a veil which covers the whole of the head, except the face. The ears are indicated beneath the veil.--_Branchidae._

Marble; height, 9 inches.

[Sidenote: =21.=]

Relief, with figures moving to the right, in a dance. It is incomplete at both ends, and appears to have been part of a frieze formed of several slabs. On the left are a woman and a man joining hands. On the right is a woman between two men; of the man on the right only the right leg is preserved. The right hand of the woman is seen behind, while her left hand is held by the man before her. The man on the left of this group has some object, perhaps a cup, in his right hand which is stretched out behind him. Between the two groups, and in the background, a woman rushes to the right, holding branches (?) in her raised hands.

The men are considerably larger than the women. The women wear a plain chiton, the men a chiton and mantle. All have bracelets, and long hair, which falls in a peculiar manner over the forehead; one wears a taenia, the remainder have stephanae. All the limbs are indicated under the draperies, even those of the figures in the background, which are seen through their own draperies and those of their companions.--_Presented by J. Scott Tucker, Esq., R.N. Karakewi (Teichioussa), near Branchidae._

Marble; height, 1 foot 9 inches; width, 2 feet 11 inches. Rayet et
Thomas, _Milet et le Golfe Latmique_, pl. 27; Brunn, _Denkmaeler_,
No. 101 B.

SCULPTURES FROM LYDIA.

The following sculptures were found in 1882 by Mr. George Dennis, C.B., in one of the tumuli at Bin Tepe, near Sardes. Perrot (v., p. 904) suggests that they may have been part of a series of reliefs of a hunting scene, decorating the sepulchral chamber. The date is uncertain, but the reliefs may well be earlier than the fall of Croesus.

[Sidenote: =22.=]

Relief. Three horsemen moving to the right. They wear large helmets and cuirasses, with shoulder plates, and carry spears.

The figures are cut in a narrow panel, and appear to have served an architectural purpose.--_Bin Tepe, Sardes._

Marble; height, 7-1/4 inches; width, 1 foot 5 inches. Perrot and
Chipiez, V., p. 903, fig. 535; Murray, _Gr. Sculpt._, 2nd ed., I.,
p. 107.

[Sidenote: =23.=]

Relief. Three deer, moving to the right, grazing. From a panel nearly similar to the preceding.--_Bin Tepe, Sardes._

Marble; height, 6-3/4 inches; width, 1 foot 4 inches. Perrot and
Chipiez, V., p. 904, fig. 536; Murray, _Gr. Sculpt._, 2nd ed., I.,
p. 107.

SCULPTURES FROM EPHESUS.

The great temple of Artemis (or Diana), at Ephesus, which ranked among the seven wonders of the ancient world, was built in the middle of the 4th century B.C. It was, according to tradition, the latest of a long series of buildings. Not fewer than eight successive temples have been enumerated by Falkener (_Ephesus_, p. 214; cf. Pliny, _H. N._, xvi., 213). The excavations, however, have only produced the remains of two temples. The earlier of the two, which is here described, is probably that which was begun early in the sixth century B.C., by the architects Theodoros, Chersiphron and Metagenes, was in course of construction during the reign of Croesus (Brunn, _Gr. Kuenstler_, ii., p. 382), and was burnt by Herostratos on the night of Alexander's birth (356 B.C.). The later temple, the remains of which are exhibited in the Ephesus Room, was then built to replace that which had been burnt; and the excavations have proved the interesting fact that the most remarkable features of the later temple were borrowed from its predecessor.

The extant fragments of the early temple were found by the late Mr. J. T. Wood, in excavations which he carried on at Ephesus for the Trustees of the British Museum. These fragments had, for the most part, been used as building materials, and were extracted from certain massive piers which rested against the foundations of the walls of the temple cella. Mr. Wood assigned the piers to the Byzantine period, but only adduced evidence to show that they were later than the walls of the temple. It is therefore possible that they may have been added at an early period, to strengthen the foundations.

Wood, _Ephesus_, pp. 190, 259. For the reconstruction of the
archaic temple, see _Journ. of Hellen. Studies_, X. (1889), p.
1 (A. S. Murray). The material is a finely-grained marble, with
occasional strongly marked blue veins.

ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENTS.

[Sidenote: =24.=]

Part of a wall-stone from the archaic temple.

Length, 2 feet 7-1/2 inches; width, 1 foot 8 inches.

[Sidenote: =25.=]

Capital of Ionic column. Several fragments have been discovered, from which it is possible to reconstruct with tolerable certainty the capitals and necking of the columns of the archaic temple.

_Journ. of Hellen. Studies_, X., p. 8.

[Sidenote: =26.=]

Fragment of volute from cap of column. The groove between two mouldings is filled with two strips of lead to which gold leaf is attached.

Length, 7 inches. Wood, _Ephesus_, p. 245; _Journ. of Hellen.
Studies_, X., p. 9.

[Sidenote: =27.=]

Fluted fragment of column. The drum to which this fragment belonged was 4 feet 3 inches in diameter, and had 40 flutings.

Height, 1 foot 10 inches; width, 3 feet 6 inches.

[Sidenote: =28.=]

Fragment of the base of an unfinished column, with torus moulding and horizontal flutings only partially carried out.

Height, 1 foot 4 inches; width, 3 feet. _Journ. of Hellen.
Studies_, X., p. 5, part of fig. 3_b_.

[Sidenote: =29.=]

Base of sculptured column. The column has necessarily been reconstructed from various fragments, which cannot be proved to have belonged originally to the same column, but the combined fragments serve to give a general idea of the appearance of the column. (Plate I.)

[Sidenote: 1.]

The sculpture is surmounted by an egg and tongue moulding 11-1/2
inches high, which is not shown in the plate, _Journ. of Hellen.
Studies_, x., pl. 3. There are considerable remains of red paint.

[Sidenote: 2.]

Immediately below the sculptures is a moulding, which contains
fragments inscribed as follows:

[Greek: BA KR AN EN],

which have been restored as [Greek: Ba[sileus] Kr[oisos]
an[ethek]en.] 'King Croesus dedicated (the column).' It is known
from a statement of Herodotus that Croesus gave most of the
columns of the temple at Ephesus [Herod. i. 92, [Greek: Kroiso de
esti kai alla anathemata en te Helladi polla ... en de Epheso hai
te boes hai chryseai kai ton kionon hai pollai]]. It is probable
that the columns were inscribed with dedicatory inscriptions,
of which we here have fragments. The later temple had a similar
series of inscriptions. The columns offered by Croesus must be
earlier than the date of his fall, 546 B.C. The inscriptions are
no doubt of the same age as the columns, and they may have been
seen by Herodotus (Hicks, _Greek Inscriptions in Brit. Mus._,
dxviii.).

[Sidenote: 3.]

Below the moulding is the restoration of an early Ionic base.
(_Journ. of Hellen. Studies_, x., pl. 3, and p. 8).

The following fragments are inserted in the restoration of the
sculptured base:--

[Sidenote: 4.]

Upper part of male figure in high relief standing to the right,
wearing a close-fitting tunic, with sleeves to the elbows, and
having a lion's skin about the body and with long hair. The upper
part of the face is broken away. The right arm was bent at the
elbow, and crossed the body.

Height, 2 feet. _Journ. of Hellen. Studies_, X., pl. 3.

[Sidenote: 5.]

Lower part of male figure in high relief standing to the right,
wearing what appears to be a himation, falling to the knees.

Height, 3 feet 3 inches. Murray, I., p. 112; _Journ. of
Hellen. Studies_, X., pl. 3.

[Sidenote: 6.]

Female head, to the right, in high relief. The hair is enclosed
by a diadem, and falls down on the shoulders. A large circular
earring in the right ear. There are considerable remains of dark
red paint in the hair. The chin is broken away.

Height, 1 foot 1/2 inch. Murray, I., p. 111.

[Sidenote: 7.]

Middle part of a female figure, to the right, in high relief. The
figure wears a tunic, tied with a narrow girdle, and a diploidion
which fell in long folds at the sides. A key-pattern was painted
on the central fold of the dress.

Height, 1 foot 2 inches.

The following fragments from the bases of the columns, are not inserted in the restoration:--

[Sidenote: =30.=]

Fragment, in high relief, of the head and shoulders of a figure, from the drum of a column. The front surface is broken away, but the figure appears to have looked to the front, with long hair falling on the shoulders, which are draped.

Height, 1 foot 3 inches.

[Sidenote: =31.=]

Fragment, in high relief, of the right thigh of a draped figure, standing to the right.

Height, 1 foot 1-1/2 inches. Worked above with a bed for another
drum.

[Sidenote: =32.=]

Middle part of a draped figure to the left in high relief. The figure wears a tunic with sleeves and himation. The left hand is pressed close to the thigh.

This fragment is similar in style to the sculptures on the columns, but must have come from a rectangular base, corresponding to the rectangular bases in the later temple.

Height, 1 foot 2 inches. Murray, I., p. 113.

[Sidenote: =33.=]

Fragment of a head containing the middle of the face. A straight edge is worked along the left cheek.

Height, 8-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: =34.=]

Fragment of the left side of a female head, wearing a band across the forehead, a veil, and a circular earring. Some red on the lips.

Height, 9-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: =35.=]

Fragment of the upper part of a head, wearing a close-fitting veil, with curls between the veil and the forehead.

Height, 4 inches.

[Sidenote: =36.=]

Fragment of the right side of a head, containing the cheek, ear, and a part of a veil which falls behind the ear.

Height, 8 inches.

[Sidenote: =37.=]

Fragment of a head, containing the left ear, and wearing a veil; hair falls down at the back of the head.

Height, 6 inches.

[Sidenote: =38.=]

Fragment of a head, similar to the last.

Height, 9-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: =39.=]

Fragment of the left side of a head, turned to the left, and wearing a veil. It contains a part of the ear and eye.

Height, 6 inches.

[Sidenote: =40.=]

Fragment from the top of a head, with hair.

Height, 6 inches.

[Sidenote: =41.=]

Fragment from the right side of a head, with part of the neck, and hair falling down. The hair is coloured red.

Height, 3-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: =42.=]

Fragment, from the right side of a head, containing the top of the ear and hair falling over it.

Height, 4 inches.

[Sidenote: =43.=]

Fragment of drapery, terminating in zigzag folds.

Height, 7-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: =44.=]

Fragment of drapery, with the bottom of several folds. It has an incised maeander, as in No. 29, 7, and a palmette ornament painted in red.

Height, 6 inches.

[Sidenote: =45.=]

Fragment of the lower moulding of a sculptured base, with a left great toe to the right, and the remains of a rectangular object rising from the moulding.

Height, 6-1/2 inches; width, 1 foot 6-1/2 inches.

THE CORNICE OF THE ARCHAIC TEMPLE.

The restoration of the Sculptured Cornice, which has been built up from the small fragments excavated by Mr. Wood, is certainly accurate in its general outlines, although the result is quite unique in form. In place of the small cornice with floral decorations, common in later temples (compare the cornice from Phigaleia, No. 505), the archaic temple of Artemis was surmounted by a lofty cornice, 2 ft. 10-3/4 in. high. Lions' heads projected at intervals, and drained off the rain water. The intervals between the lions' heads were occupied by metope-like compositions, carved in a delicate early style.

The original frieze probably extended along the two long sides of the temple. The existing remains are small portions of at least thirty figures. It is therefore impossible to reconstruct the separate groups with much certainty, although the subjects can, to a certain extent, be conjectured. An attempted restoration of a combat between a Lapith and a Centaur is exhibited. The frieze also included chariots and horses; warriors in chariots, and on foot; and perhaps scenes with Harpies.

The central group on the cornice with the combat of a Centaur and Lapith is composed of the following fragments. See _Journ. of Hellen. Studies_, x., p. 2, for sketches of No. 46, 1-18.

[Sidenote: =46.=]

[Sidenote: 1.]

Fragment with the forelegs, which are human, and the hind hoof of
a kneeling Centaur. In front the greaved left leg of a Lapith.

Height, 7 inches; width, 1 foot 7 inches. _Journ. of Hellen.
Studies_, X., pl. 4, fig. 6.

[Sidenote: 2.]

Hand with branch, from top of cornice, presumed to be the hand of
a Centaur.

Height, 4 inches; width, 5-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 3.]

Part of branch, from top of cornice.

Height, 3 inches; width, 8 inches.

[Sidenote: 4.]

Back of head of Lapith, to left, with part of top moulding of
cornice. Short curling hair.

Height, 5 inches; width, 6 inches.

[Sidenote: 5.]

Lower part of cuirass of Lapith worn over a short tunic.

Height, 3 inches; width, 8-1/2 inches.

Two female figures are placed as spectators on each side of the
combat. On the left the remains are:--

[Sidenote: 6.]

Part of a female head, turned to the right, and wearing a taenia.

Height, 4-1/2 inches; width, 4-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 7.]

Part of drapery of standing female figure.

Height, 4 inches; width, 6 inches.

[Sidenote: 8.]

Feet of standing female figure, wearing shoes, with slightly
turned-up toes, and three bands across each shoe.

Height, 6 inches; width, 7-1/2 inches.

The remains of the figure on the right of the group are:--

[Sidenote: 9.]

Upper part of female head to the left, wearing a diadem.

Height, 3 inches; width, 5 inches.

[Sidenote: 10.]

Part of middle of female figure, standing to the left, wearing
chiton and himation. The left hand by the side.

Height, 3-1/2 inches; width, 8-1/2 inches.

The following fragments have also been inserted in the restored
cornice:--

[Sidenote: 11.]

Head of youth, to the left, with short hair.

Height, 3 inches; width, 6 inches. _Journ. of Hellen.
Studies_, X., pl. 4, fig. 1.

[Sidenote: 12.]

Upper part of female head, to the left. The chief mass of the hair
is confined by a peaked cap, the ends passing out through the top.
A part of the hair terminates in short curls round the forehead,
and part falls down in front of the ears. A laurel wreath
surrounds the cap.

Height, 4 inches; width, 6 inches. _Journ. of Hellen.
Studies_, X., pl. 4, fig. 2.

[Sidenote: 13.]

Right foot and part of skirt of female figure walking, to the
right.

Height, 9 inches; width, 8 inches.

[Sidenote: 14.]

Right foot of a figure standing, to the left.

Height, 3 inches; width, 4-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 15.]

Part of the back of the head and the shoulders of a figure
standing with his back turned to the front. He wears a chiton, and
the hair falls in curls on his shoulders.

Height, 5 inches; width, 5 inches. _Journ. of Hellen.
Studies_, X., pl. 4, fig. 3.

[Sidenote: 16.]

Fragment containing the legs of a figure standing with back turned
to the front, perhaps a part of the figure described in the last
number. The right leg wears a greave. This fragment also contains
the right thigh of a figure kneeling to the front.

Height, 10 inches; width, 1 foot 2 inches.

The restored part of the cornice also contains:--

[Sidenote: 17.]

Lion's head. The front and lower parts of the face are wanting.

Height, 10 inches; width, 1 foot 2 inches.

[Sidenote: 18.]

Lion's head. The front of the upper jaw is wanting. Red paint in
the ears and the mouth.

Height, 1 foot 6 inches; width, 1 foot 7 inches.

The following are the principal fragments, from the cornice, not inserted in the restoration:--

_Male Figures, turned to the Right._

[Sidenote: =47.=]

[Sidenote: 1.]

Parts of head and breast of figure, with helmet, tunic, and
cuirass (?). Long hair falls over the shoulder.

Height, 7 inches; width, 7 inches. _Journ. of Hellen.
Studies_, X., pl. 4, fig. 5.

[Sidenote: 2.]

Part of helmet, and top edge of cornice; also the fingers of the
right hand of the figure, throwing a spear (?).

Height, 2-1/2 inches; width, 6 inches.

[Sidenote: 3.]

Right shoulder, covered with shoulder plates.

Height, 4-1/2 inches; width, 7 inches.

[Sidenote: 4.]

Left thigh, bent at knee; a corner of drapery falls on the thigh;
wears greave.

Height, 6 inches; width, 7 inches.

[Sidenote: 5.]

Right knee of figure advancing to right; behind, the leg, wearing
a greave, of a fallen warrior (?).

Height, 5-1/2 inches; width, 5 inches.

[Sidenote: 6.]

Knees of a prostrate warrior, wearing greaves, trodden down by a
horse's hoof.

Height, 3 inches; width, 7 inches.

[Sidenote: 7.]

Knee wearing greave, slightly bent.

Height, 4 inches; width, 3-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 8.]

Left knee, partly covered with drapery.

Height, 3 inches; width, 3-1/2 inches.

_Male Figures to the Left._

[Sidenote: 9.]

Upper part of helmeted head with vizor raised.

Height, 3-1/2 inches; width, 5-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 10.]

Upper part of helmet, with projecting horn.

Height, 2-1/2 inches; width, 5-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 11.]

Back of neck and lower part of helmet.

Height, 2-1/2 inches; width, 5 inches.

[Sidenote: 12.]

Hips of a draped male (?) figure.

Height, 4 inches; width, 8-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 13.]

Right forearm of a figure lying prostrate, with head to the right
and with the arm bent at the elbow.

Height, 4 inches; width, 8 inches.

[Sidenote: 14.]

Right leg, wearing greave, of a figure striding to the left.

Height, 5 inches; width, 9-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 15.]

Right arm, extended, wearing a shield.

Height, 4 inches; width, 7 inches.

_Figures with the Back turned to the Front._

[Sidenote: 16.]

Shoulders and upper part of back of a figure wearing a chiton.

Height, 5 inches; width, 8-1/4 inches.

[Sidenote: 17.]

Shoulders and upper part of back of a figure wearing a chiton
across the right shoulder only.

Height, 3 inches; width, 8-1/2 inches.

_Female Figures to the Right._

[Sidenote: 18.]

Lower moulding of cornice, with the right foot and lower edge of
the drapery of a figure moving to the right.

Height, 8 inches; width, 1 foot 3 inches.

[Sidenote: 19.]

Lower moulding of cornice with the left foot and part of the
drapery of a figure moving to the right.

Height, 5 inches; width, 7-1/2 inches.

_Female Figure to the Front._

[Sidenote: 20.]

Part of the right arm, extended, and wearing a shield (?). A short
sleeve reaches to the elbow, coming from beneath a shoulder plate.

Height, 4 inches; width, 8 inches.

_Female Figures to the Left._

[Sidenote: 21.]

Fragment of a figure turned to the left, with fine delicate
drapery (?).

Height, 3-1/2 inches; width, 6 inches.

[Sidenote: 22.]

Left hand, beside the thigh, holding a fold of drapery.

Height, 3 inches; width, 9 inches.

[Sidenote: 23.]

Fragment of a draped figure, containing the legs between the knees
and the ankles.

Height, 4 inches; width, 4 inches.

_Fragments of Chariot Groups, and Horses._

[Sidenote: 24.]

Left knee and part of the left thigh of a figure stepping to the
right into a chariot. The figure wore a short chiton, probably
under a cuirass, and greaves. Part of the inside of the chariot is
painted red.

Height, 4 inches; width, 9-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 25.]

Fragment containing the hips of a male figure, stepping to the
left into a chariot. The figure wears a chiton beneath a cuirass,
and perhaps holds a spear.

Height, 4 inches; width, 7-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 26.]

Right hand closed and holding a rein (?).

Height, 2 inches; width, 5-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 27.]

Right arm of a youthful nude figure holding the reins of a horse
standing to the left, whose head is half turned to the front.

Height, 7 inches; width, 1 foot 1 inch. _Journ. of Hellen.
Studies_, X., pl. 4, fig. 4.

[Sidenote: 28.]

Part of a horse's head to the left, with ear and mane.

Height, 4 inches; width, 7-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 29.]

Back of a horse to the left, with a narrow thong tied about it.

Height, 4-1/2 inches; width, 7 inches.

[Sidenote: 30.]

Part of the hind legs of a horse to the left.

Height, 7-1/2 inches; width, 6 inches.

[Sidenote: 31.]

Two hoofs, side by side, as of the horses in a biga.

Height, 4 inches; width, 5 inches.

[Sidenote: 32.]

Part of lower moulding of cornice, and of chariot wheel. The
moulding and the wheel are painted red, and the ground of the
relief bright blue.

Height, 10 inches; width, 1 foot 6 inches.

[Sidenote: 33.]

Part of a chariot wheel, and of the body of a chariot, painted
red.

Height, 6 inches; width, 8 inches.

[Sidenote: 34.]

Left hand grasping the leg of a horse, or of a Centaur (?). The
ground is blue and red.

Height, 4 inches; width, 6-1/4 inches.

[Sidenote: 35.]

Fragment of a horse's tail, and part of the body of a chariot (?).

Height, 3 inches; width, 3-1/2 inches.

_Figures of Harpies (?)._

Certain fragments, which are not easily deciphered, appear
to belong to groups of winged draped beings, perhaps Harpies,
carrying off diminutive figures. The snakes in Nos. 36-38 suggest
the aegis of Athene; but if No. 38 is correctly interpreted, some
Gorgon-like figure must be imagined.

[Sidenote: 36.]

Neck and chin of a figure to the left, having a large circular
earring, and a fringe of snakes round the neck.

Height, 3-1/2 inches; width, 8 inches.

[Sidenote: 37.]

Fragment with snakes.

Height, 1-1/2 inches; width, 5 inches.

[Sidenote: 38.]

Left hand of the figure No. 36 holding a draped figure under
the knees. The right arm must be supposed to have supported the
smaller figure, near the shoulders. To the right is part of a
pendent wing.

Height, 3 inches; width, 9 inches.

[Sidenote: 39.]

Fragment with extremities of hair, and the beginning of a large
wing, curving upwards.

Height, 3-1/2 inches; width, 5 inches.

[Sidenote: 40.]

Fragment, apparently of the same wing as No. 39.

Height, 3-1/2 inches; width, 6 inches.

[Sidenote: 41.]

Fragment of draped thighs of a figure half kneeling to the left
with the right leg foremost. If the figure above described was
half kneeling in the usual early scheme for the Gorgon, this
fragment may well have belonged to it.

Height, 4 inches; width, 6 inches.

[Sidenote: 42.]

Fragment, perhaps from the same figure as the last.

Height, 3 inches; width, 5 inches.

[Sidenote: 43.]

Fragment of a winged, long-haired figure (?). The hair falls in a
mass on the tip of the wing.

Height, 7-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 44.]

Fragment of a Harpy, with a large bird's leg protruding from fine
drapery; behind, a part of a wing. Compare the Harpies on the
Harpy Tomb, No. 94.

Height, 6-1/2 inches; width, 10 inches.

[Sidenote: 45.]

Fragment, with the leg of a Harpy, to the right (?).

Height, 7 inches; width, 1 foot 3-1/2 inches.

_Miscellaneous Fragments._

[Sidenote: 46.]

Fragment of the lower moulding, and two legs of a pig or ox to the
right.

Height, 7 inches; width, 1 foot 1 inch.

[Sidenote: 47.]

Part of the leg of a chair. Traces of blue paint.

Height, 6 inches; width, 4-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 48.]

Part of the same leg of a chair as No. 47, and nearly joining it.
Traces of blue paint.

Height, 5-3/4 inches; width, 3-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: 49.]

Part of the leg and seat of a chair.

Height, 5 inches; width, 5 inches.

[Sidenote: 50.]

Part of the front leg of the chair to which No. 47 belongs.

Height, 2-1/4 inches; width, 2 inches.

[Sidenote: 51.]

Unintelligible fragment, perhaps derived from the cornice.

Length, 1 foot; height, 6 inches; width, 7 inches.

_Fragments of Lions' Heads, from the Cornice._

[Sidenote: 52.]

Left side of lion's mane, with remains showing the attachment to
the cornice.

Height, 1 foot 3 inches.

[Sidenote: 53.]

Lion's head from the cornice(?). The mouth is closed. The lower
part is wanting.

Height, 1 foot 4 inches.

[Sidenote: 54.]

Upper part of lion's head from the cornice. Red paint on the mane.

Height, 11 inches; width, 1 foot 5 inches.

[Sidenote: 55.]

Right side of lion's head, from the cornice, with eye, ear, and
part of mane.

Height, 7-1/2 inches.

OTHER FRAGMENTS FROM EPHESUS.

[Sidenote: =48.=]

[Sidenote: 1.]

Fragment of the head of an ox, apparently projecting from a
background, in high relief. The head is seen in three-quarter face
to the left.

Height, 1 foot; width, 1 foot 5 inches.

[Sidenote: 2.]

Fragment of the head of an ox, including the forehead and eyes.
Apparently the head is seen in three-quarter face to the left, as
in the preceding.

Height, 10-1/2 inches; width, 1 foot 6 inches.

[Sidenote: 3.]

Fragment with part of the flank of an ox (?), springing from a
square base. Two horns intertwined (?) in relief on the side of the
fragment. If the explanation offered is correct, the animal must
have been part of an architectural member, such as occurs in the
temple of Hera at Samos (Stuart, 2nd ed., vol. iv., Kinnard on
Delos, pl. v.), or in the recently discovered bull's-head capital
from Salamis, in Cyprus (_Journ. of Hellen. Studies_, xii., p.
134).

Height, 1 foot 2-1/2 inches.

SCULPTURES FROM CARIA.

[Sidenote: =49.=]

A series of rude figures in stone and marble which are found in primitive graves in the islands of the Aegean, and in Caria, have been conjectured by archaeologists to be works of the early Carians. The figures in question are for the most part utterly conventional and gross representations of the female form. Male figures have also been occasionally found, and more elaborate subjects, such as a seated figure playing on the harp.

The specimens in the British Museum are exhibited in the First Vase Room with the pottery found in the same deposits. They are described in the _Guide to the First Vase Room_ (1883), p. 21, and in the _Journ. of Hellen. Studies_, v., p. 50. Compare Perrot and Chipiez, v., pp. 334, 905; _Journ. of Hellen. Studies_, ix., p. 82; _Athenische Mittheilungen_, xvi., p. 46.

[Sidenote: =50.=]

Torso of female figure holding a dove between her breasts with the left hand, and holding with the right hand a fold of drapery by her right side. She wears a long dress, girt at the waist, with a diploidion and sleeves. The head, and the legs from above the knees are wanting.--_Theangela, in Caria._

Marble; height, 1 foot 3 inches.

[Sidenote: =51.=]

Beardless male head, having a considerable resemblance to No. 19.--_From the Temple of Apollo, Calymna._

Marble; height, 9 inches. Assigned by Collignon (_Gaz. Arch._,
1886, p. 239) to the same school as No. 205.

SCULPTURES FROM RHODES.

[Sidenote: =52.=]

Female head. The hair is parted over the middle of the head, and is brought in waving ripples to the ears. At the back of the head it is sketched in conventional lines. The head is bound with a taenia.--_Rhodes._

Marble; height, 8-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: =53.=]

Female head broken off at the top of the neck. The hair is brought forward over each temple in a plait; a piece of linen is wound round the head, passing under a band or diadem which encircles the head behind the ear. The head-dress is arranged so as to leave on the top of the head an aperture, through which the parting of the hair and a top-knot are shown. Over the upper part of the ear hang what appear to be three pendants; the lobe below is covered with an earring in the form of a circular flower of seven leaves. On the fractured edge of the neck are remains of drapery.--_Rhodes._

Limestone; height, 5 inches.

[Sidenote: =54.=]

Female figure seated in a chair, with footstool.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 4-1/8 inches.

[Sidenote: =55.=]

Naked male figure; the legs broken off above the knees. The palms of the hands are placed against the thighs; the left leg has been advanced; parts of the arms are wanting. The hair is drawn back from the forehead in a smooth mass, and falls behind the ears over the nape of the neck, where it is cut off square. There are traces of red above the waist.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 10 inches.

[Sidenote: =56.=]

Naked male figure standing with the left foot advanced, and holding with his right hand the right hind leg of a lion, whose tail he grasps with his left hand. The head of this figure, the right arm and both feet are wanting. From the waist to the hips the body has been painted red all round. The lion has his tongue out; there are traces of red colour about his mouth.--_Acropolis of Camiros._

Limestone; height, 10-1/4 inches.

[Sidenote: =57.=]

Fragment of a male figure from above the hips nearly to the knees. The arms have been placed along the sides, with a hand on each hip.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 4-1/4 inches.

[Sidenote: =58.=]

Upper part of a naked male figure broken off at the waist. The hair is gathered into a thick mass behind the ears, and cut off square at the nape of the neck; on the top of the head is a snake coiled. The arms are broken away below the shoulders.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 5 inches.

[Sidenote: =59.=]

Upper part of female figure broken off above the waist. She wears a wreath of upright leaves set between two plain horizontal bands; the hair falls in a thick mass on each side of the neck. The arms are broken away.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 4-3/4 inches.

[Sidenote: =60.=]

Draped male figure broken off below the knees. He wears chiton with girdle and upper garment. With both hands this figure holds the young of some quadruped, probably a kid, in front of his breast. His hair is parted over his forehead, and falls behind the ears in a thick mass to the nape of the neck.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 5-3/8 inches.

[Sidenote: =61.=]

Upper part of male figure from the base of the neck to the waist. In the right hand this figure holds a small ibex against his breast. His left arm is broken.--_Acropolis of Camiros._

Limestone; height, 4-1/5 inches.

[Sidenote: =62.=]

Lower part of a draped figure broken off at the waist. The left hand holds by the forelegs a fawn, on the body of which the right hand presses. Both arms are broken off below the elbow.--_Acropolis of Camiros._

Limestone; height, 7 inches.

[Sidenote: =63.=]

Lower part of a draped figure broken off at the waist, and wearing a chiton, which is bound with a girdle.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 1 foot.

[Sidenote: =64.=]

Lower half of draped figure wearing chiton. At the bottom of the skirt are traces of a red border; the fingers of the left hand are placed against the left hip.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 7-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: =65.=]

Lower half of draped figure broken off above the knees. The left hand has held against the side some object too indistinct to be made out.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 6 inches.

[Sidenote: =66.=]

Lower half of draped figure broken off above the knees. In bad condition.

Limestone; height, 4-1/8 inches.

[Sidenote: =67.=]

Draped male figure playing on the double flute, which he holds with either hand. The band for strengthening the muscles used in blowing the flute, _phorbeia_, is indicated by a red stripe; the chiton is ornamented with a narrow red stripe on the shoulder down each side, and round the hem.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 9 inches.

[Sidenote: =68.=]

Similar draped male figure playing on the double flute. The _phorbeia_ is indicated by a red stripe across the mouth; the headdress, probably a wig, comes very low on the forehead, and falls in a thick mass on the back of the neck. On the head-dress, eyebrows, and flutes, are traces of black colour.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 7-3/8 inches.

[Sidenote: =69.=]

Upper part of draped male figure. In his right hand he holds a lotos sceptre (?); his left arm hangs down by his left side. A thick mass of hair falls on each side of the neck.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 4-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: =70.=]

Androsphinx seated on a plinth. On the head are the combined crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt; in front is a collar, or pectoral; on the crown are traces of red colour. This Sphinx is a pseudo-Egyptian work.--_Acropolis of Camiros._

Limestone; height, 5 inches.

[Sidenote: =71.=]

Androsphinx seated on a plinth. On the head are the crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt.--_Acropolis of Camiros._

Limestone; height, 3-1/2 inches.

[Sidenote: =72.=]

Androsphinx seated on a plinth. From the head falls a mass of long hair over the back and shoulders; the front of the body is covered with a collar or pectoral; the upper part of the wings is broken off.--_Acropolis of Camiros._

Limestone; height, 5 inches.

[Sidenote: =73.=]

Lion seated on a plinth. The mouth is open; the teeth are shown; about the lips and edge of the mane are traces of red colour.--_Camiros._

Limestone; height, 5-1/4 inches.

[Sidenote: =74.=]

Bird standing on a plinth with wings closed. Head broken off; tail long and spreading.

Height, 3-1/4 inches.

[Sidenote: =75.=]

The Egyptian ram-headed deity, Knef, seated in a chair. He wears a long chiton bound with a girdle, on each side of which a lappet falls as far as the knees; a thick mass of hair falls from behind each horn on to the breast.--_Lindos, in Rhodes._

Limestone; height, 4 inches.

SCULPTURES FROM XANTHOS.

The following sculptures, Nos. 80-97, are the archaic portion of the collection of sculptures from Xanthos, a town some ten miles from the sea, in the south-west of Lycia. The people of Lycia were a non-Hellenic race, but the sculptures of Xanthos are distinctly Greek, though not without traces of oriental influence (cf. No. 86). In the most important remains, especially in the Harpy Tomb (No. 94) we find the characteristics of the Ionian School of Asia Minor.