Chapter XXXI: Order Pediculati: the Anglers (2)

Cobitopsidæ,
family of, ii, 224

Cobitopsis,
figure of, ii, 224

Coccoderma, i, 605

Coccosteans, i, 581

Coccosteidæ, i, 622, 623, 584, 586

Coccosteus, i, 583, 584, 587, 590, 593, 596, 623
figure of, i, 582

cochino, ii, 413

Cochliodontidæ, i, 530
family of, i, 531

Cochliodus,
lower jaw figured, i, 531

cock-and-hen paddle, ii, 453

cock-of-palace-under-sea, ii, 472

cockeye pilot,
figure of, ii, 382

Coccolepis, ii, 14

cod, ii, 51

codfish, i, 122, 128, 290; ii, 481, 501, 532, 533
figure of, i, 331; ii, 535
Gill on, ii, 534
Goode on, ii, 534
pectoral fin of, i, 66
reproduction of, ii, 535
Sars on, ii, 535

codling, ii, 538

Cœlacanthidæ, i, 605

Cœlacanthus,
figure of, i, 604

Cœlolepia, i, 573

Cœlodus, ii, 22

Cœlolepidæ, i, 573

coho, ii, 72

collection of fishes, i, 429-434
by explosives, i, 430
by poison, i, 430
tackle for, i, 430

Collett, i, 408, 427
portrait of, i, 403

Collie, i, 564

Collins,
on catastrophe to tilefishes, ii, 362
on halibut, ii, 490

Cololabis, ii, 212

Colocephali, ii, 140-142, 153
suborder of, ii, 152

Colomesus, ii, 421

Colorado trout,
figure of, ii, 106

colors of fishes, i, 226-236
of coral-fishes, i, 235
fading of, in spirits, i, 235
intensity of, i, 232
nuptial, i, 230
protective, i, 226-229
sexual, i, 230
variation of, i, 235

Columbia,
figure of, ii, 242

Comephoridæ, the, ii, 455

Comephorus, ii, 524

Commerson, i, 395

commissure, i, 112

common eel,
figure of, ii, 143

common skate,
figure of, i, 552

common sucker,
figure of, ii, 174

common sunfish,
figure of, i, 7, 13; ii, 301

conceptions of genus, i, 375

Conchopona, i, 613

conclusions,
of Cope on dispersion, i, 286
of Evermann, i, 274
of Hill, 277-279
as to Isthmus of Suez, i, 269
of Jenkins, i, 274

conger eels, ii, 149, 151
figure of, ii, 150

Congiopodidæ, ii, 436

Congiopus, ii, 436

Congo River,
fishes from, i, 78, 607

Congriopus, ii, 514

Congrogadidæ, ii, 519

Connoly,
on calling fishes, i, 168

Conocara, ii, 60

Conodontes, i, 487
figure of, i, 488

Conorhynchus, i, 128

constantino, ii, 320

Cooper, i, 419
on long-jawed goby, ii, 463

Cope, i, 84, 311, 419, 428, 512, 602; ii, 1, 4, 13, 24, 35, 56, 159
on classification, i, 406
conclusions of, 286
on dispersion, i, 286, 287
on eels, ii, 139
on fossil forms, ii, 32
on isocercal tail, i, 84
on ostracophores, ii, 569
portrait of, i, 407
sketch of, i, 406

Copeland, i, 420
portrait of, i, 421

Copelandellus, ii, 315

Coquille, i, 408

coracoid, i, 88, 90

coraco-scapular, i, 87

coral reefs,
at Apia, figured, i, 234
fishes of, i, 235, 297
fish life in, i, 215

Corax,
teeth of, figured, i, 543

Coregoni, ii, 67

Coregonus, i, 291, 305, 316, 322, 391; ii, 62, 65, 439
figure of, i, 321; ii, 63

Coreoperca, ii, 320

Coris, ii, 390

cormorant-fishing, ii, 116-119
illustrations of, i, 333, 335

cornet-fishes, ii, 390
family of, ii, 233

Cornide, i, 396

coronado, ii, 274

corpus vestiforme, i, 112

corsair, ii, 430

Corvula, ii, 355

Corynolophus, i, 189; ii, 549
figure of, i, 188
luminous bulb in, i, 188

Coryphæna, i, 210, 391
figure of, ii, 287

Coryphænidæ,
family of, ii, 286

Coryphænoides,
figure of, i, 83; ii, 541
leptocercal, tail of, i, 83

Coryphopterus, ii, 462

Corythroichthys, ii, 236

Costa, i, 412

Cottidæ, i, 208, 290; ii, 363, 442, 449, 453, 455, 501, 504, 525
family of, i, 441
fossil forms, i, 449

Cottocomephorus, ii, 525

Cottogaster, i, 300

Cottunculus, i, 219; ii, 441, 447, 449

Cottus, i, 169, 219, 312, 391; ii, 443, 445, 449
figure of, ii, 444, 445, 446

Couch, i, 410
on fighting-fish, i, 165
on skippers, ii, 21

Coues,
on classification, i, 368
on meaning of species, i, 379
on synonymy, i, 374

cowfish,
figure of, i, 373; ii, 416
skeleton of figured, i, 215; ii, 418

cow's tongue, ii, 497

crab-eater, ii, 282

Cragin, i, 171

craig-fluke, ii, 494

Cramer, i, 408, 420, 422

cramp-fishes, i, 554

cranial nerves,
figure of, i, 111

Craniomi,
suborder of, ii, 456

Craniotes, i, 588

cranium,
bones of, i, 36-39
inferior view, i, 38
lateral view, i, 36
posterior view, i, 40
of Roccus, figured, i, 36-39
of Sebastolobus, i, 53
superior view, i, 37

crappie, ii, 168, 297
figure of, ii, 297
photograph of, ii, 298

Cratinus, i, 271

cravo, ii, 244

crawl-a-bottom, ii, 312

crayfish, ii, 147

creek fish,
figure of, i, 315; ii, 172

Crenilabrus, i, 207, 260, 267; ii, 387

creole-fish, ii, 328, 329

Crescent lake trout, ii, 101

Cricodus, i, 603

Cristiceps, i, 208; ii, 508, 513

Cristivomer, i, 291; ii, 62, 115
figure of, ii, 114

croaker, ii, 353, 355

Cromeriidæ, ii, 56

cross-bow shooter, ii, 413

Crossognathidæ, ii, 215, 521
family of, ii, 224

Crossopholis, ii, 21

Crossopterygians, i, 78, 79, 89, 91, 204, 436, 457, 511-515, 591, 602,
623, 624; ii, 38
figure of, i, 451
fins of, i, 601

Crossopterygii, i, 382, 462, 599, 600, 601, 608

crustacean parasites, i, 340

Cryptacanthididæ, ii, 516

Cryptacanthodes,
figure of, i, 516

Cryptocentrus, i, 264; ii, 462

Cryptopsaras,
figure of, ii, 547

Cryptotomus,
figure of, ii, 391

crystal darter,
figure of, ii, 313

crystal goby, ii, 466

Crystallias,
figure of, i, 218; ii, 454

Crystallogobius, ii, 466

Ctenochætus, ii, 409

Ctenodentex, ii, 340

Ctenodipterini,
order of, i, 612

Ctenodontidæ, i, 613

Ctenodus, i, 613

ctenoid scales, i, 20, 21; ii, 39

Ctenoidei, ii, 39, 209

Ctenolabrus, ii, 387

Ctenolates, ii, 320

Ctenoptychius, i, 555

Ctenothrissa,
figure of, ii, 48

Ctenothrissidæ,
figure of, ii, 48

cuatro ojos, ii, 194

Cuban fishes, i, 314

cubero, ii, 335

cuboid, i, 19

cub-shark,
figure of, i, 542

cuckold, ii, 417
figure of, i, 373; ii, 416

cucugo, ii, 413

cultus cod, ii, 442
figure of, ii, 440

Cunias, i, 541

cunner, ii, 387

Cunningham,
on eye of flounder, i, 176

Curimatus, ii, 162

cusk-eel, i, 187, 314; ii, 539
figure of, ii, 520

cutlass-fishes, i, 149, 210; ii, 267
figure of, ii, 268
species of, ii, 472

cutthroat trout, ii, 95-97, 102, 104, 106

Cuvier, i, 103, 105, 400, 404, 428; ii, 39, 307
Günther on, i, 400
Lyman on, i, 401
portrait of, i, 399

Cycleptus, ii, 173

Cycliæ, i, 204, 437, 462, 592, 593
subclass of, i, 591

Cyclobatis, i, 557

Cycloganoidei, ii, 34

cycloid scales, i, 20, 22; ii, 39

Cycloidei, ii, 39

Cyclopterichthys, ii, 454

Cyclopteridæ, i, 198, 208
family of, ii, 453

Cyclopterus, i, 391; ii, 453, 455
figure of, i, 220; ii, 454

Cyclospondyli, i, 510, 543
order of, i, 545

cyclospondylous, i, 49

cyclospondylous sharks, i, 549

Cyclostomata, i, 593

Cyclostomes, i, 113, 443, 486-505, 570, 596, 592, 617
extinct forms, i, 487

Cyclostomi, i, 462, 584

Cyclothone, ii, 129

Cyclurus, ii, 36

Cymatogaster, ii, 376
figure of, i, 125; ii, 372

Cymolutes, ii, 390

Cymothoa, i, 340

Cynoglossinæ, ii, 497

Cynoglossus, ii, 497

Cynoscion, i, 94, 324; ii, 107
figure of, ii, 353

Cynthia,
figure of, i, 476

Cynthiidæ, i, 475

Cyprinidæ, i, 33, 46, 205, 230, 251, 285, 287, 290, 406; ii, 65, 161,
162, 164-171
fossil forms, ii, 174
species of, ii, 165

Cyprinodon, ii, 198, 201
figure of, ii, 196

Cyprinodontes, ii, 194

Cyprinodontidæ, i, 290

Cyprinus, i, 391; ii, 170, 174

Cypselurus, ii, 213
figure of, i, 157, 440

Cyrthaspis, i, 575

Cyttoides, ii, 249

Cyttus, ii, 249

dabonawa, i, 430

dace, i, 251; ii, 118, 162, 166, 168

Dactylagnus, ii, 506

Dactyloscopidæ, ii, 506

Dactyloscopus, ii, 506

daddy sculpin, ii, 445

Dalatias, i, 546

Dalatiidæ, i, 548

Daldorf,
on capture of Anabas, i, 163
on climbing-fish, ii, 367

Dale, ii, 539

Dallia, i, 51
figure of, i, 149; ii, 206

Dalliidæ, i, 290; ii, 206

Damalichthys,
figure of, ii, 374

damsel-fish, ii, 381
figure of, ii, 382

Dapediidæ, ii, 25

Dapedium,
figure of, ii, 25

Dapedoglossus, ii, 56

darters, i, 209, 231, 300, 304; ii, 166, 306, 310-315

darter goby,
figure of, ii, 462

Darwin, i, 408
on noises of catfish, i, 168

daruma-okose, ii, 436

Dasyatidæ,
family of, i, 555

Dasyatis,
figure of, i, 247, 556

Dasyscopelus, ii, 133

Davis, H. S., ii, 81, 84
on chinook salmon, ii, 85

Davis, J. W., i, 426
on fossil teeth, i, 525

Dawson, i, 427, 594

Day, i, 416; ii, 90, 92, 95
on calling fishes, i, 168
on electric eel, i, 170
on grayling, ii, 121
on Labyrinthici, ii, 365
on sole, ii, 496, 497

day chub,
head of, figured, ii, 167

dealfish, ii, 477, 480
figure of, ii, 478

Dean, i, 512, 591, 594, 595
on Acanthodei, i, 517, 518
on Arthrodira, i, 518, 588
on Chimæras, i, 563
on fin migration, i, 75
on fossil forms, i, 422
on lateral line, i, 23
on lung-fish, i, 618
on Ostracophores, i, 571
portrait of, i, 417
on sharks, i, 511, 531
on Teleosts, i, 135

Deania, i, 546

deathfish, i, 183

Death Valley fish,
figure of, ii, 199

Decapterus, ii, 274

decurrent flounder,
figure of, i, 441

deep-sea angler,
figure of, ii, 548

deep-sea Chimæra,
figure of, i, 449

deep-sea fishes, i, 246, 247, 408; ii, 129

degenerate fishes, i, 210, 211, 216, 218

degeneration,
of eye, i, 220
in fishes, i, 54
in lamprey, i, 217
of structure, i, 216
in tunicates, i, 480

Delaroche, i, 95

Dekay, i, 418

Delfin,
on hagfishes, i, 489

Deltistes, ii, 172

Deltodus, i, 531

Dendrodus, i, 603

dentary, i, 606

Dentex, i, 94; ii, 338, 340

Dercetes, ii, 136

Dercetidæ, ii, 136, 137, 158

Derepodichthyidæ, ii, 520

Derichthyidæ, ii, 155

Derichthys, ii, 153
figure of, ii, 156

Dermopteri, i, 486

Desmarest, i, 396

development, i, 217
of bony fishes, i, 135
Dean on, i, 135
embryonic, i, 133
of flounders, i, 144
heredity in, i, 134
of horsehead-fish, i, 148
of paired fins, i, 66

devil ray,
figure of, i, 559

De Vis, i, 416

Devonian,
fishes, i, 436
lamprey, i, 563
sharks from, i, 65

Diabasis, i, 375

diablo, ii, 552

Dialarchus, ii, 448

Dialommus, i, 117

diamond,
fishes, ii, 398
flounder, ii, 493
snapper, ii, 337

Diaphus, ii, 133
figure of, ii, 132

Dibothrium, 345
figure of, ii, 103

Dibranchus, i, 207; ii, 552

Dicentrodus, i, 522

Dicentrarchus, i, 324; ii, 321, 330

dichotomous rays, i, 596

Dicranodus, i, 521

Dictyorhabdidæ, i, 565

Dictyorhabdus, i, 435, 565, 578

Dictyopyge, ii, 16

Dictyopygidæ, ii, 14

Dictyosoma, 512

Didemnidæ, i, 477

Didymaspis, i, 576

Didymodus, i, 521, 525

Dinematichthys, ii, 524

Dinichthyidæ, i, 587

Dinichthys, i, 587, 589
figure of, i, 445, 584
jaws of figured, i, 583

Diodon, i, 273, 393, 394
figure of, i, 17; ii, 422

Diodontidæ,
family of, ii, 422

diœcious fishes, i, 124

diphycercal tail, i, 49, 81, 83, 84, 507, 513, 516, 598
Boulenger on, i, 84
Dollo on, i, 84

Diplacanthidæ, i, 517, 518

Diplacanthus,
figure of, i, 517

Diplectrum, ii, 329

Diplesion,
figure of, i, 247; ii, 312

Diplodus, ii, 347
figure of, ii, 346

Diplognathus, i, 584, 589

Diplomystes, ii, 178

Diplomystidæ, ii, 178

Diplomystus,
figure of, i, 205, 453; ii, 52

Diploneumoni, i, 612, 619

Diploprion, ii, 327

Diplopterus, i, 82, 604

Diplospondyli, i, 509, 523

Diplurus, i, 605

Dipneusti, i, 405, 462, 582, 599, 601, 605, 607, 622, 624; ii, 4
relationship of, i, 609, 610
subclass of, i, 609-622

Dipnoans, i, 436, 512, 572, 582, 583; ii, 3, 8
air-bladder in, i, 101
classification of, i, 612
ear sac in, i, 120
figure of, i, 449
pectoral fin in, i, 60
shoulder-girdle in, i, 86, 88

Dipnoi, i, 77, 85, 89, 382

Diptera, ii, 306

Dipteridæ, i, 612

Dipterus, i, 612
figure of, i, 437, 449

Discobatis, i, 553

Discocephali, ii, 459-480
Gill on, ii, 470
suborder of, ii, 468

diseases of fishes, i, 340-358
contagious, i, 340
parasitic, i, 342
remedies for, i, 342

Dismal Swamp fish,
figure of, i, 116; ii, 201

dispersion of fishes,
Agassiz on, i, 284
barriers to, i, 297, 310, 311
causes of, i, 318
Cope on, i, 286
by floods, i, 301
of fresh-water fishes, 282-296
of river fishes, 297-319

dissection of the fish, i, 26-33

Distomidæ, i, 477

distribution of fishes,
affected by coast line, i, 247, 261
agency of currents in, i, 242
centers of, i, 243
determined by temperature, i, 241
of fresh-water forms, i, 249
general laws of, i, 238
of marine forms, i, 245
Panama, barrier to, i, 266
of shore fishes, i, 263-265
Suez, barrier to, i, 266
zones of, i, 249, 251, 252

Ditrema, ii, 375

Dittodus, i, 521, 525

doctor-fish, ii, 408

Döderlein, i, 411, 416

dogfishes, i, 519
figure of, i, 545

dogoro, ii, 381

dog salmon, ii, 71-73, 80, 81

dog snapper, ii, 336

Dolichoglossus, i, 463

Doliolum, i, 479

dollar-fish, ii, 283

Dollo, i, 415, 427, 600, 601; ii, 502
portrait of, i, 413
on tail forms, i, 84

Dolloa, ii, 541

Dolly Varden trout, i, 305; ii, 112, 113
figure of, i, 327; ii, 114

dolphins, i, 210; ii, 286, 362
figure of, ii, 287

Doncella,
figure of, i, 297; ii, 180, 396

Donovan, i, 410

dorados, ii, 286
figure of, ii, 287

Doras, ii, 183

Doratonotus, ii, 388

Dormeur,
figure of, ii, 460

Dormitator,
figure of, ii, 461

dorsal fin, i, 10, 603
figured, i, 49

Dorosoma, i, 32, 300
figure of, ii, 53

Dorosomatidæ, ii, 53

Dorosomidæ, i, 290

Doryichthys, ii, 236

Dorypteridæ, ii, 14-16

Dorypterus, ii, 15, 16

Draciscus,
figure of, ii, 452

Draconetta, ii, 506

Draconettidæ, ii, 506

dragonets, i, 246; ii, 504

drawing net at Milo,
photograph of, i, 281

Drepane, ii, 401

Drepanaspidæ, i, 574

Drepanaspis, i, 570
figure of, i, 574

Drepanidæ, ii, 401

Drepaniodus, i, 488

drum, i, 290
figure of, ii, 358

duck-billed eels, ii, 150, 151

Ductor, ii, 278

ducts, i, 28

ductus cholidechus, i, 32

Dufosse,
on air-bladder, i, 97

Dugès, i, 90, 420

Dugunonutatatori, ii, 472

Duméril, i, 398, 401

duodenum, i, 32

Dussumieriidæ, ii, 52

Dussumieria, ii, 52

Duverncy, i, 390

Duymæria, i, 260; ii, 390

dwarf,
herring, ii, 54
perch, ii, 306
salmon, ii, 117
sunfish, ii, 467

Dybowsky, i, 411

Dynatobatis, i, 553

Dysommidæ, ii, 150

Dytiscus, ii, 144

eagle ray,
figure of, i, 558

early writers on fishes, i, 272, 422, 423

earliest sharks, i, 436, 443

ear of fish, i, 119-121

ear sac, i, 119, 120

ear stones, i, 119

earthquakes,
fatal to fishes, i, 356; ii, 137

Eastman, i, 427, 428
on Cestraciont shark, i, 529
on Clastes, ii, 32
on Neoceratodus, i, 619
portrait of, i, 425
on teeth of Edestus, i, 530

Ebisu, the god of fishes, ii, 344
figure of, ii, 343

Ebisus, ii, 323

Echeneididæ, ii, 468, 470

Echeneis, i, 391; ii, 468, 470, 471

Echidna, i, 211; ii, 152, 153

Echidnocephalus, ii, 138

Echinorhinidæ,
family of, i, 547

Echinorhinus, i, 547

Echiodon, i, 84

economic fishes, i, 333

ectoblast, i, 152

ectocoracoid, i, 87

ectoderm, i, 139

ectopterygoid, i, 606

Edaphodon, i, 565

Edestus,
teeth of, figured, i, 529

eel-back flounder,
figure of, ii, 494

eel-fairs, ii, 142

eel-like fishes, ii, 137-158

eel-mother, ii, 144

eel-pouts,
figure of, ii, 518, 519

eels, i, 21, 210, 217, 268, 290; ii, 40, 44, 147, 153, 157
Cope on, ii, 139
Günther on, ii, 141
larva of, figured, ii, 148
migration of, ii, 142
reproduction of, ii, 143
species of, ii, 148
shoulder-girdle in, ii, 142
Woodward on, ii, 140

effects on distribution,
of shore line, i, 262
of temperature, i, 149

Egerton, i, 423

Egertonia, ii, 396

eggs of fish,
artificial impregnation of, i, 150
of bottle-nosed chimæra, i, 127
care of, i, 128
carrying of, i, 128, 171
of Embiotocidæ, i, 127
embryo of, i, 128
fertilization of, i, 125
figures of, i, 127
germ disk in, i, 135
hatching of, i, 125
of herring, i, 125
month incubation of, i, 170, 171
transportation of, i, 171

Eichwald, i, 411, 427

Eigenmann, i, 415, 420; ii, 147, 148, 376
on blind fishes, i, 117, 221, 222; ii, 202, 523
on Nematognathi, ii, 178
photograph by, i, 222
portrait of, i, 417

Eigenmannia, ii, 187

eighteen-spined sculpin,
figure of, ii, 447

Ekström, i, 410

Elacate, ii, 282, 470, 471

Elagatis, ii, 274

Elanura,
figure of, ii, 444

Elasmobranchiates, i, 384

Elasmobranchii, i, 462, 507, 584; ii, 7

Elasmobranchs, i, 92, 102, 204, 506-522, 571, 583, 588, 589
characters of, i, 506-508
classification of, i, 507-510
ear sac in, i, 120
geological distribution of, i, 459
notochord in, i, 57
subclass of, i, 507

Elassoma, i, 290; ii, 296, 307, 467
figure of, ii, 295

Elassomidæ, i, 290; ii, 296
family of, ii, 295

elastic spring, i, 96

Elater, i, 582

electric catfish,
figure of, ii, 183

electric cells, i, 553

electric eel, i, 186; ii, 140
Day on, i, 170

electric organs, i, 25, 186, 187

electrophores, ii, 187, 188

Electrophoridæ, ii, 187

Electrophorus, i, 170, 186

Eleotrids, ii, 460

Eleotris, i, 254
figure of, ii, 460

Elera, i, 414

Eleginus, ii, 537

elephant sharks, i, 540
figure of, i, 565

Elliott,
on trout, ii, 105

Elonichthys, ii, 14

Elopidæ, i, 43; ii, 35, 41-44

Elopopsis, ii, 43

Elops, i, 205, 393; ii, 43, 221
figure of, i, 454; ii, 42

Embiotoca, i, 404

Embiotocidæ, i, 207, 290; ii, 373
Agassiz on, i, 377-379
anal fin in, i, 125
viviparity of, i, 376, 377

Emblemaria,
figure of, ii, 510

embryo, i, 136, 138, 139

embryology and growth, i, 131-151

Embolichthys, ii, 522
figure of, ii, 521

emerald-fish, ii, 462

Emery, i, 412; ii, 480, 481

Emmelichthys, i, 262; ii, 346, 347

Emmydrichthys,
figure of, i, 180; ii, 436

Empetrichthys,
figure of, ii, 199

Empo, ii, 137

Enantioliparis, ii, 455

Enchelurus, ii, 138

Enchelycephali, ii, 140, 141, 147, 152
suborder of, ii, 142

Enchelynassa, ii, 153

Enchelyopus,
figure of, ii, 539

Enchodontidæ, ii, 136, 137

Enchodus, ii, 136

Endoskeleton, i, 439

Enedrias, ii, 512

Engraulididæ, ii, 54

Engraulis, i, 205; ii, 54

Enneacanthus, ii, 301

Enophrys,
figure of, ii, 443

Enoplosidæ, ii, 317

Enoplosus, i, 268; ii, 317

Enteropneusta, i, 457, 461, 462
classification of, i, 464

entoderm, i, 138

Entosphenus, i, 490

entozoa, i, 348

Eocottus, ii, 449

Eomyrus, ii, 150

Eopsetta, i, 205; 491

Eothynnus, ii, 266

Epelasmia, ii, 397, 398

Eperlanus, ii, 123

Ephippidæ, ii, 400

Ephippus, i, 268; ii, 400

epiblast, ii, 5

Epigonichthys, i, 483

Epigonus, ii, 317

Epinephelus, i, 19; ii, 323, 330
figure of, i, 20; ii, 324-326, 328

Epiphysis, i, 112
figure of, i, 111

Eptatretidæ, i, 489

Eptatretus, i, 490
figure of, i, 198

equatorial fishes,
specialization of, i, 248

equatorial zone, i, 251

Eques, ii, 357

Equula, ii, 287

Erebus, i, 408

Ereunias,
figure of, ii, 450

Ereuniidæ, ii, 449

Ericymba,
figure of, ii, 165

Erimyzon, i, 292; ii, 175
figure of, i, 315; ii, 172

Eriptychius, i, 435, 603, 578

Erisichthe, ii, 34

Erismatopteridæ, ii, 242, 296

Erismatopterus, ii, 243
figure of, ii, 242

Ernogrammus, ii, 513

Erosa, ii, 436

Erpetichthys, i, 204

Erpetoichthys, i, 450
figure of, i, 608

Erpichthys, i, 608; ii, 510

Erythrichthys, ii, 347

Erythrinidæ, ii, 162

Erythrinus, ii, 160

escolars, ii, 267, 317

Esmarck, i, 410

Esmeralda, ii, 462

esmeralda de mar,
figure of, ii, 461

Esocidæ, i, 290; ii, 190, 192

Esox, i, 109, 253, 315, 327, 391; ii, 190, 194
figure of, i, 328; ii, 192

Etelis, i, 262; ii, 338
figure of, ii, 337

Etheostoma, i, 129, 283; ii, 310, 315
figure of, i, 231; ii, 314

Etheostominæ, i, 230, 232; ii, 166, 306, 307, 310

ethmoid, ii, 142

Etmopterus,
figure of, i, 189, 546

etrumei-iwashi, ii, 52

Etrumeus, ii, 52

Eucalia, ii, 232

Eucitharus,
figure of, ii, 488

Eucinostomus, ii, 347

Eugnathidæ, ii, 26

eulachon, i, 321; ii, 19, 125, 126
figure of, i, 320; ii, 124

Euleptorhamphus, ii, 212

Eumicrotremus, ii, 135

Euphaneropidæ, i, 576

Euphrosen, i, 396

Eupomotis, i, 283
figure of, i, 7, 13; ii, 301

European chub,
pharyngeals of, i, 48
teeth of, figured, ii, 164

European lancelet,
figure of, i, 120

European sculpin,
figure of, i, 219

European soles, ii, 496

Eurylepis, ii, 14

Eurynotus,
figure of, ii, 15

Eurypharyngidæ, ii, 156

Eurypharynx, ii, 156

Eurypholis,
figure of, ii, 136, 137

Euselachii, i, 532

Eusthenopteron, i, 603

Eutæniichthys,
figure of, ii, 467

Euthynotus, ii, 34

Evenchelys, ii, 153

Eventognathi, i, 405; ii, 160, 162

everglade minnow,
figure of, ii, 197

everglade pigmy perch,
figure of, ii, 295

Evermann, ii, 69, 100, 103, 354
on Panama fishes, i, 274
portrait of, i, 421
on Two Ocean Pass, i, 307-310

Evermannellidæ, ii, 135

Evermannella, ii, 136

Eviota, ii, 460, 467

evolution of fishes, i, 223-225, 435-459
Dean on, i, 223

Exerpes,
figure of, i, 276; ii, 511

Exocœtidæ, ii, 210, 211, 214

Exocœtoididæ, ii, 134

Exocœtoides, ii, 133

Exocœtus, i, 391; ii, 213

Exoglossum,
head of, figured, ii, 167

Exonautes, ii, 213

exoskeleton, i, 20

Exostoma, ii, 184

extension of Indian fauna, i, 267

exterior of fish, i, 16-25

external gills,
figure of, i, 78, 602
Kerr on, i, 76
Mauer on, i, 77
Orr on, i, 77
Rusconi on, i, 77

extinction of species, i, 240
causes of, i, 241

Eyclesheimer, i, 428

Eydoux, i, 408

eye of fish, i, 119

eye of flounder,
in larval stage, i, 174
migration of, i, 173-176
Williams on, i, 174-178

eye-of-the-sea, ii, 361

Faber, i, 396

Fabricius, i, 394

Facciola, i, 412

factors of extinction, i, 442

fading of pigment in spirits, i, 235

fair maid, ii, 344

fallfish, i, 311; ii, 167

fall-salmon, ii, 80

family,
definition of, i, 373

fan-tailed darter, ii, 315

Farquhar,
on Opah, ii, 244

fat cod, ii, 440

fat head, ii, 388

fatherlasher, ii, 445

faunal areas,
minor, i, 248
of Japanese fishes, i, 257

faunal resemblances, i, 259, 260

faunal differences, i, 260, 261

favorable waters have most species, i, 301

fear in fishes, i, 163
expressions of, i, 165

Felichthys,
figure of, ii, 179

fiatola, ii, 283

Fierasfer, i, 84; ii, 520
figure of, i, 159; ii, 522, 523

Fierasferidæ, ii, 158, 522

fighting-fish, ii, 370
of Siam, i, 163

filefish, ii, 413-415
figure of, i, 182

filiform, i, 19

Filippi, i, 412

finfold, i, 63, 64
Balfour's theory of, i, 69

fin migration,
Dean on, i, 75
of Heterodontus, i, 75

finnan haddie, ii, 537

fins of fishes,
described, i, 9, 10, 20, 24, 25
migration of, i, 75
morphology of, i, 62-90
origin of, i, 62

fin-spines, i, 528, 529; ii, 39
of Hybodus, i, 528, 529
of Onchus, figured, i, 509

Fischer,
on fishes of Panama, i, 275

Fish Commission,
fish stocking by, i, 346

fisheries,
economic, i, 337
salmon, i, 81, 87

fishes,
in action, i, 11
adaptation to environment, i, 156
affection of, i, 167
affected by temperature, i, 149
age of, i, 144, 146
air-bladder of, i, 12, 92, 93
alimentary canal in, i, 31
anadromous, i, 156, 160, 291
anger of, i, 165
in aquaria, i, 150, 165
blood of, i, 11
body form of, i, 16
bones of, i, 10
bony, i, 454, 506
brain of, i, 12, 14, 109, 112
breathing of, i, 5, 91, 103
of British Museum, i, 402
burrowing of, ii, 463, 465
care of eggs by, i, 128
catadromous, i, 162, 291
catalogues of, i, 402
channel, i, 291
circulatory organs of, i, 26
classification of, i, 367-386
of Coal Measures, i, 223
collecting of, i, 429
color and coloration of, i, 6, 129, 226-236
conditions of life of, i, 215
of coral reefs, i, 235
currents affecting, i, 243, 244
deep sea, i, 408
definition of, i, 3
degeneration in, i, 54, 216, 218-220; ii, 547
digestion and digestive organs of, i, 11, 26
diœcious, i, 124
dispersion of, i, 318
diseases of, i, 340-358
dissection of, i, 26, 27
distortion in, i, 129
distribution of, i, 237-255, 435
domestication of, i, 149, 151
ear of, i, 8, 119-121
earliest forms of, i, 443
eggs of, i, 125-135
electric organs of, i, 25; ii, 187
embryology of, i, 131-151
evolution in, i, 223, 435-459
exterior of, i, 16-25
extinct, i, 224
eye of, i, 6, 119
eye-stalks of, ii, 466
face of, i, 5
fins of, i, 9, 10, 24
flight of, i, 167
flow of blood in, i, 107
as food for man, i, 320-339
food of, i, 11, 29
form of, i, 4
fossil, i, 422-428
fresh-water, i, 250
gall-bladder in, i, 26
generalized forms of, i, 224
gills of, i, 92
growth of, i, 30, 144
habits of, i, 152
hearing of, i, 8, 119
heart of, i, 11, 28, 106
herbivorous, i, 30, 155; ii, 364
hermaphrodite, i, 124
homologies of bones in, i, 34
hybridism in, i, 144
instincts of, i, 154
intestines of, i, 33
intromittent organ in, i, 124
with jugular fins, i, 456
kidneys of, i, 11, 28
killed by earthquakes, i, 356
Labyrinthine, ii, 365
larval forms, i, 142, 620, 621
lateral line of, i, 9
life cycle of, i, 3-5, 152
lowland, i, 291
luminous organs of, i, 188-190
lungs of, i, 98
measurements of, i, 19
migration of, i, 160
monstrosities among, i, 151
mortality among, i, 357
mountain, i, 291
mouth of, i, 29
muscles of, i, 25
mythology of, i, 359
naturalization of, i, 150
nerves of, i, 12, 14, 109, 113; ii, 368
nests and nest-building of, i, 15, 167, 128; ii, 184, 229-231
noises of, i, 121, 168
nostril of, i, 6
nuptial colors in, i, 155, 156
nutrition organs of, i, 29
organs of,
locomotion, i, 24
phosphorescence, i, 194
reproduction, i, 28, 124-130
sense, i, 115-123
sight, i, 6, 116
smell, i, 115
taste, i, 121
touch, i, 122
ovaries, i, 26
oviparous, i, 125
ovoviviparous, i, 125
pain, sense of, in, i, 123
parasites of, i, 340-344
parasitic, i, 198
pectoral limb of, i, 50
pelagic, i, 156
pineal eye in, i, 111
poisonous, i, 180-185, 236; ii, 177, 411, 413, 421, 433,436, 526
postembryonic development, i, 132
posterior limbs of, i, 53
preservation of, i, 431
problem of highest, i, 383
protection of young by, i, 128
pugnacity of, i, 162
recognition marks in, i, 7, 232, 236
records of, i, 433
scales of, i, 20
sensitiveness to change, i, 150
sexual modifications in, i, 129
shoulder-girdle of, i, 50, 52
skeleton of, i, 10, 214, 215
specialization in, i, 219, 220, 224, 249; ii, 438
spinal cord of, i, 112
spineless, i, 25
spiral valve in, i, 32
tail of, i, 49
teeth of, i, 5, 29
tenacity of life in, i, 146, 147
timidity of, i, 166
tongue of, i, 6, 31
upland, i, 291
variety in tropics, i, 333
viscera of, i, 26
viviparous, i, 125; ii, 376
voices of, i, 121
where found, i, 158, 159
zeoid, ii, 245

fishes as food, i, 320-339

fishes of Panama,
Evermann on, i, 274
Fischer on, i, 275
Günther on, i, 272, 273
Hill on, i, 277
Upham on, i, 276
Wright on, i, 275

fish faunas,
genera in, i, 262, 263
Indian, i, 267
of Japan, i, 255, 256, 259
of Mediterranean, i, 259
of Panama, i, 267
separated by barriers, i, 255-281

fish fighting, i, 162

fish god of Japan,
figure of, ii, 343

fish guano, i, 538

Fish-Hawk, the, i, 408; ii, 147

fishing,
apparatus for, i, 335
for ayu, i, 333
for tai, figured, i, 338
with cormorants, i, 333, 335
methods of, i, 334

fishing-frog, i, 202; ii, 542
capture of prey by, i, 169
figure of, i, 18; ii, 545, 550

fish-like vertebrates, i, 34

fish of Paradise, ii, 369

Fistularia, i, 85, 393; ii, 233, 390
shoulder-girdle of, ii, 227

Fistulariidæ, ii, 227
family of, ii, 233

Flammeo, ii, 254

flashers, ii, 331

flatfish family, i, 177; ii, 48

flatheads, ii, 441

Flesus, ii, 493

Fleurieu's whirlpool, ii, 242

flier, ii, 297

flight of fishes, i, 157

Floeberg, ii, 110

Florida jewfish,
figure of, ii, 323

Florida lion-fish,
figure of, ii, 433

flounder, i, 117, 178, 203, 440; ii, 483-485, 488, 493, 494
development of, i, 144
diamond, ii, 493
eel-back, ii, 493
eyes of, i, 118, 174-178
frog, ii, 493
lantern, ii, 488
larval form, i, 176; ii, 483, 484
migration of eye, figured, ii, 484
newly hatched, figured, i, 177
osteology of, ii, 484
peacock, ii, 488
pole, ii, 494
shoulder-girdle of, i, 58; ii, 2
starry, ii, 493
tail of, figured, ii, 486
vertebræ in, i, 205
wide-eyed, ii, 488
wide-eyed, figured, i, 175
young, figured, i, 175; ii, 482

flower of the surf,
figure of, ii, 218

flow of blood in fish, i, 107

flukes, ii, 494

flying-fish, ii, 211-214
figure of, i, 157, 341, 440
parasites of, i, 342

flyfish, ii, 429

flying gurnard, ii, 456, 458
figure of, i, 457

flying robin, ii, 458

Fodiator,
figure of, ii, 213

food-fishes,
abundance of, i, 329
relative rank of, i, 320

food of lampreys, i, 491

foolfishes, i, 206; ii, 413

Foot-notes to Evolution,
reference to, i, 302

foramen, i, 92

forelle, i, 327

Forcipiger, ii, 404

Forgy,
on oarfish, ii, 473

Forbes, i, 419
on fish epidemics, i, 340

formalin,
as preservative, i, 432

Forskål, i, 394

Forster, i, 395

fossil capelin, ii, 126, 127

fossil darters, ii, 315

fossil fishes, i, 205; ii, 48, 52, 53, 56, 174
Agassiz on, i, 422, 423
Dean on, i, 422
earliest forms, i, 568
figure of, i, 436, 454; ii, 47, 59
first period of, i, 423
from Green River, ii, 59
morphological work on, i, 427
second period, i, 424
study of, i, 424
third period, i, 427

fossil gobies, ii, 467

fossil herring,
figure of, i, 453; ii, 52

fossil trout, ii, 62, 118

four-eyed fish,
figure of, i, 117

four-spined stickleback,
figure of, ii, 232

Fowler, i, 422

fox shark, i, 536

Frère Jacques, ii, 255

fresh-water eels, ii, 149

fresh-water fishes, i, 209; ii, 157, 160, 161
dispersion of, i, 282-296
distribution of, i, 249
Günther on, i, 249
of Japan, i, 256
of North America, i, 290

fresh-water minnows, i, 33

fresh-water perch,
figure of, ii, 373

Friar Odoric,
on fear in fishes, i, 166

Fries, i, 410

frilled shark, i, 361, 516
figure of, i, 525

Fritsch, i, 427, 428, 512

frog,
arm of, figured, i, 601

frogfish, i, 197; ii, 549
figure of, ii, 551

frog flounder, ii, 493

frostfish, ii, 537

Fucus, ii, 512

Fullarton, i, 177

function of lateral line, i, 23

Fundulus, ii, 194, 199
figure of, i, 198

fur seal,
food of, ii, 127, 537

Gadidæ, i, 290; ii, 522, 533

Gadopsidæ, ii, 516

Gadus, i, 209, 391
figure of, i, 331; ii, 533

Gazza, ii, 287

gaff-topsail cat,
figure of, ii, 179

Gaidropsarus, i, 209; ii, 539

Gaimard, i, 406

galafata, ii, 413

Galaxias, i, 223, 252, 253, 254
Boulenger on, ii, 204, 205

Galaxiidæ,
family of, ii, 204

Galei, i, 532

Galeidæ, i, 540

Galeichthys, i, 128, 242, 271, 273; ii, 178
figure of, ii, 179

Galeocerdo, i, 541, 542

Galeoid sharks, i, 519

Galeorhinidæ, i, 532, 540

Galeorhinus, i, 454

Galeus,
figure of, i, 541

gall-bladder, i, 26

galliwasp, ii, 130

galo, ii, 394

Gambusia, i, 64, 66, 67; ii, 199

Ganocephala, i, 85, 86

Ganoidei, i, 444, 599, 616; ii, 2, 3, 13

Ganoids, i, 22, 38, 88, 91, 139, 157, 159, 186, 204, 384, 569, 622; ii,
1-36
Agassiz on, ii, 9
air-bladder in, i, 109
classification of, ii, 13
Gill on, ii, 9
as a group, ii, 4, 9

ganoid fish, i, 582
figure of, i, 452, 453

Garden, i, 390

Garibaldi,
figure of, i, 227; ii, 382

garfish, ii, 147, 210, 211
shoulder-girdle in, i, 59

Garman, i, 405, 408, 420; ii, 183
on blind fish, ii, 202
on frilled shark, i, 525
on Sunapee trout, ii, 109

garpike, i, 290; ii, 30-32
figure of, ii, 27
fossil, ii, 32
tail of, i, 82
vertebræ of, i, 48

garrupa, ii, 323

gaspergou, ii, 354

Gasteronemus, ii, 288
figure of, ii, 289

Gasterosteidæ, i, 128, 290
family of, ii, 228, 232

Gasterosteus, i, 161, 172, 391; ii, 229, 231, 236
Lord on, ii, 230
figure of, ii, 232

Gastrostomus,
figure of, ii, 156

gastrula, i, 131, 132

Gaudry,
on leptocercal tail, i, 84

Gay, i, 415

Gegenbaur, i, 428, 511, 512, 591, 594, 601
on archipterygium, i, 60
on morphology, i, 68
on pectoral fin, i, 67
theory of, i, 73

Gempylidæ,
family of, ii, 267

Gempylus, ii, 267

general laws,
of development, i, 133
of distribution, i, 239

generalization and specialization, i, 380

genital organs, i, 124

genus, i, 375
definition of, i, 372

Genyonemus, ii, 356

Genypterus, ii, 520

geographical distribution, i, 237-259
of sharks, charted, i, 459

geological evidence of submergence, i, 268

Geophagus, ii, 381

Geotria, i, 491

Gephyrura, ii, 201

Gephyroberyx, ii, 252

gephyrocercal tail, i, 84, 604
figure of, i, 85

German carp, ii, 175

germ-cells, i, 124

Germo, 210; ii, 262, 266
figure of, ii, 263

Gerres, i, 271, 273
figure of, ii, 349

Gerridæ, i, 206; ii, 372
family of, ii, 347

Gervais, i, 408

ghost-fishes, ii, 150, 516

giant bass, ii, 324

Gibbes, i, 426

Gibbons, i, 419
on Embiotocidæ, ii, 377

Gibbonsia,
figure of, ii, 508

gibbus, ii, 45

Gigactinidæ, ii, 551

Giglioli, i, 412

Gila, i, 304; ii, 169

Gilbert, i, 408, 415, 420; ii, 239
on Astroscopus, i, 187
on coracoid plate, ii, 206
on flight of fishes, i, 157
on island forms, i, 240
on larval forms, i, 142
portrait of, i, 421

Gilbertidia, ii, 441, 447, 449
figure of, ii, 451

Gill, i, 408, 419, 448, 528, 591, 594, 600; ii, 24, 34, 40, 52, 317,
365, 366, 502, 511
on anglers, ii, 543
on Discocephali, ii, 470, 471
on eels, ii, 143, 156
on high and low forms, i, 383
on work of Lacépède, i, 398
on New Zealand fauna, i, 252
on paired limbs, i, 85
portrait of, i, 407
on Selachii, i, 509
on shoulder-girdle, i, 86-89
sketch of, i, 405
on soles, ii, 496
on swallowers, ii, 360, 361
on tilefish, ii, 361, 362

gill,
arches, i, 45, 91, 508
basket, figured, i, 92, 485
covers, i, 44
filaments, i, 107
offices of, i, 11
openings, i, 91
rakers, i, 31, 46
septum, i, 73
slits, i, 508

Gillellus, ii, 506

Gillichthys, ii, 462
figure of, ii, 463

Gillicus, ii, 48

Ginglymodi, ii, 24, 30

Ginglymostoma, i, 533

Ginglymostomidæ, i, 533

Girard, i, 405, 419; ii, 378, 379

girdle in Dipnoans, i, 86

Girella, ii, 348

gisu, ii, 46

gizzard-shad, i, 290; ii, 51, 53

glacial epoch,
effect on dispersion, i, 316

Glaucosoma, ii, 323, 340

Glandiceps, i, 465

Glanencheli, ii, 187

glassy darter, ii, 313

glenoid, i, 90

Glesnæs oarfish, ii, 472
figure of, i, 363

globefishes, i, 197, 440, 455; ii, 419
figure of, i, 244; ii, 422

Globulodus, ii, 15

Glossobalanus,
figure of, i, 464
larva of, figured, i, 463

glut-herring, ii, 50

Glyphisodon, i, 267
figure of, ii, 383

Glyptocephalus, i, 206; ii, 494

Glyptolepis, i, 603

Glyptopomus, i, 604

Gmelin, i, 395, 397

Gnathanacanthidæ, ii, 514

Gnathodentex, ii, 341

Gnathonemus,
figure of, ii, 189

Gnathostomata, i, 78

Gnathostomes, i, 35, 572, 573

Gnathostomi, i, 508, 570

Gnathypops,
figure of, ii, 359

goatfish, i, 198; ii, 351, 379
figure of, i, 122

gobies, i, 428; ii, 459

Gobiesox, ii, 529, 530, 531

Gobiidæ, i, 22, 206, 290; ii, 306
family of, ii, 459

Gobius, i, 208, 273, 391; ii, 461, 467

Gobio, ii, 167, 175

Gobioides, ii, 467

Gobioidea, ii, 470

Gobioidei, 11, 459-480
suborder of, ii, 459

Gobiomorus,
figure of, i, 160

Gobionellus, i, 208
figure of, ii, 461

Gobiosoma, i, 313; ii, 462

goblin sharks,
figures of, i, 535

goby, i, 290; ii, 462, 466

gofu, ii, 434
figure of, i, 229

goggler, ii, 275

golden,
shiner, ii, 167
goldsinny, ii, 387
surmullet,
figure of, i, 322; ii, 352
trout, ii, 99

goldfish, ii, 170, 171
of Japan, i, 151

Gomphosus, ii, 390

Goniistius, ii, 363

Goniognathus, ii, 287

Gonioplectrus, ii, 323

Gonorhynchidæ, ii, 54-56

Gonorhynchus, ii, 56

Gonostoma, ii, 129

Gonostomidæ, ii, 129

Gonzalez, i, 414

Goodea, ii, 199, 201
figure of, i, 126; ii, 200
with young, figured, i, 126

Goodsira, i, 476

goody, ii, 356

goosefish, ii, 545

Gorbuscha, ii, 73

Goode, i, 408, 419; ii, 307, 308
on albacore, ii, 267
on American fisheries, i, 335
on codfish, ii, 534
estimate of herring product, i, 330
on fishing-frog, ii, 545
on habits of mullets, ii, 219, 220
on mackerel, ii, 260, 264, 265
on menhaden, ii, 51
portrait of, i, 407
on swordfish, ii, 270

Gordiichthys, i, 211; ii, 153

Gordius, ii, 143, 144

Gosfordia, i, 613

Gosse, i, 415

Gouan, i, 397

gatasami, ii, 361

Gottsche, i, 428

goujon, ii, 182

gourami, ii, 369

gouramy,
nest of, i, 167

Grammicolepidæ,
family of, ii, 249

Grammicolepis, ii, 249

Grammistes, ii, 330

grande écaille,
figure of, ii, 43

Granodus, i, 565

Grantea, ii, 544

Graphiurus, i, 605

Grassi, i, 428

grass rockfish, ii, 429

Gray, i, 416

grayling, i, 150, 305; ii, 120-138

gray snapper, ii, 335
figure of, ii, 334

Great Basin,
chub of, i, 287
dispersion of fishes in, i, 316
fishes of, i, 302

great blue cat, ii, 180

great oarfish, ii, 472

Greeley, i, 422

Green,
on Sacramento perch, i, 179

green-backed trout, ii, 104
figure of, ii, 105

green cod, ii, 537

Greene,
on Porichthys, i, 190-197; ii, 526

greenfish, ii, 348

Greenland char, ii, 109

Greenland halibut, ii, 491

Greenland shark, i, 547

greenling, ii, 439
figure of, ii, 440

green mackerel,
figure of, ii, 275

Green River shales, i, 205; ii, 52, 57-59

green rockfish, ii, 429

green-sided darter,
figure of, i, 247; ii, 312

green wrasse, ii, 387

Gregarinidia, i, 242

grenadier, i, 84; ii, 540
figure of, ii, 541

grilse, ii, 91

grindle, ii, 35

griset,
figure of, i, 523

Gronias, ii, 181

Gronovius, i, 390

groupers, ii, 323

grubby, ii, 446

grunt, i, 239
figure of, ii, 340

grunters, ii, 340

gruntfishes, i, 121

Grystes, i, 302

Guacamaia, ii, 394
figure of, i, 330

guahu, ii, 266

guasa, ii, 323

guavina de rio, ii, 459
figure of, ii, 460

Guaymas,
fishes of, i, 274

gudgeon, i, 122; ii, 167

Guichenot, i, 412, 415

guipo, ii, 512

guitar-fishes, i, 550
figure of, i, 551

gular plate, i, 43; ii, 33

Güldenstadt, i, 395

Gulf Stream, i, 239
deep-sea fish of, i, 276

gulper-eel, ii, 156

gulpers, ii, 155

gunnel,
figure of, ii, 512

Gunner, i, 396; ii, 245

Günther, i, 88, 255, 259, 404; ii, 3, 95, 135, 161, 183, 229, 371
on archipterygium, i, 60
on Barramunda, i, 615
catalogue of, i, 402
on work of Cuvier, i, 400
on deep-sea fishes, ii, 136
on dispersion, i, 289
on eels, ii, 141
on electrophores, ii, 188
estimate of eggs by, i, 128
on fishes of Panama, i, 272, 273
on Lepidosteus, ii, 5
on month gestation, i, 173
on pain in fishes, i, 123
on poison glands, i, 180; ii, 527-529
portrait of, i, 403
on respiration, i, 91
on salmon, ii, 92
on sea-devils, ii, 547
on trout, ii, 94
on variation in vertebræ, i, 210
on zones of distribution, i, 249, 251

gunwale, ii, 512

Gurley,
on parasitic diseases, i, 342

gurnard, i, 122, 198, 208, 209; ii, 456

gurry shark, i, 547

Gymnarchidæ, ii, 188

Gymnarchus, ii, 188

Gymnelis, i, 209; ii, 519

Gymnocanthus, ii, 448

Gymnocephalus, ii, 241, 310

Gymnodontes, ii, 398, 411, 418, 422

Gymnosarda, ii, 262

Gymnothorax, i, 211, 274; ii, 152
figure of, i, 458; ii, 154, 155

Gymnonoti, ii, 159-161, 188
order of, ii, 187

Gymnotidæ, ii, 187

Gymnotus, i, 391

Gyrinidæ, ii, 222

Gyrodus,
figure of, ii, 22

Gyrolepis, ii, 14

Gyrosteus, ii, 18

Gyroptychius, i, 82
figure of, i, 604

habits of fishes, i, 152

haddock, ii, 537
figure of, ii, 536
skull of, figured, ii, 536

Hadrodus, ii, 22

Hadropterus, i, 300
figure of, ii, 311

haë, ii, 117, 118

Hæckel, i, 411, 511
on origin of fins, i, 62

hæmal arch, ii, 6

Hæmapophyres, i, 48

Hæmulidæ, i, 206; ii, 340, 342, 359
family of, ii, 340

Hæmulon, i, 121, 238, 271, 274, 375
figure of, ii, 340

hagfishes, i, 28, 488
Delfin on feeding of, i, 489
egg of, figured, i, 127
figure of, i, 199, 489
and lampreys, i, 189

hair-worm, ii, 144

hake, ii, 136, 539, 540
isocercal tail of, i, 83
shoulder-girdle of, i, 60

hakone dace, i, 257

Haldeman, i, 419

Halec, ii, 33, 136

Halecomorphi, ii, 13, 23, 24, 29, 35
order of, ii, 33

half-beak,
figure of, ii, 212

half-moon fish, ii, 350

halibut, 128; ii, 149, 489, 491
figure of, i, 332; ii, 492
fishery, ii, 490

Halichœres, i, 207, 257, 297; ii, 180, 388-390
figure of i, 297; ii, 396

Halientichthys, ii, 552

Hallock,
on black bass, ii, 302
on Esox, ii, 192

Halosauridæ, ii, 158

Halosaurus, ii, 138

Hamilton, i, 416

hammerhead shark, i, 543
figure of, i, 544

Hancock, i, 415

handsaw-fish, ii, 135

Hansen,
on Chinook salmon, ii, 85

Haplistia, i, 602

Haplochiton, ii, 128

Haplochitonidæ, ii, 129, 204

Haplodoci, ii, 499
sub order of, ii, 525

Haplomi, i, 405; ii, 34, 40, 41, 129, 188-207, 224, 250
mesocoracoid arch in, ii, 189
ventral fin, i, 67

Haplopagrus, i, 271

hard-tails, ii, 169

Hardwicke,
on affection in fishes, i, 167

harelip-sucker, ii, 174

Harengula ii, 51

Harpagiferidæ, ii, 501

Harpodon, ii, 131

Harrimania,
figure of, i, 465

Harrimaniidæ,
family of, i, 465
low organization of, i, 465

Harriottia, i, 199, 566
figure of, i, 449

harvest-fish, ii, 283
figure of, i, 18; ii, 284

Hasse, i, 428, 543
on Elasmobranchs, i, 509
on ossicles, i, 96
on sharks, i, 509, 530, 561

Hasselquist, i, 389

Hatta, i, 418

Hauy, i, 397

Hawaii,
fish fauna of, i, 243

Hay, i, 419, 427, 581; ii, 4 34, 36
on fossil eels, ii, 22
on Pycnodonti, ii, 22
on varieties of sharks, i, 528, 529

hazé, ii, 118

headfishes, i, 19, 84, 206
figure of, ii, 424
larva of, figured, i, 143

headlight-fish,
figure of, i, 188; ii, 132

Heart Lake tapeworm, i, 348
Linton on, i, 348-350

heart of the fish, i, 106

Hector, i, 416

Helicolemus, i, 259; ii, 429, 432

Helicoprion,
teeth of, figured, i, 530

Heller, i, 422

Helodus, i, 531

Helostoma, ii, 370

Helostomidæ, ii, 370

Hemerocœtidæ, ii, 506

Hemianthias, ii, 330

Hemibranchii, ii, 40, 157, 209, 227-240
sub order of, ii, 227

Hemichordata, i, 461

Hemicyclaspis, i, 576

Hemiexocœtus, ii, 213

Hemigymnus, ii, 390

Hemilepidotus, ii, 442
figure of, ii, 443

Hemipteronotus, ii, 390

Hemiramphus, ii, 214, 268
figure of, ii, 212

Hemiscylliidæ, i, 533

Hemitripterus, i, 595; ii, 441
figure of, i, 220; ii, 448

Heniochus, ii, 404

Henle, i, 405

Henshall,
on black bass, ii, 302

Henshaw, ii, 523
photograph by, i, 281

hepatic sinus, i, 108

Heptadiodon, ii, 423

Heptanema, i, 605

Heptatrema, i, 490

Heptranchias, i, 447, 509, 536
pectoral fin in, figured, i, 57
skull of, i, 56
teeth of, figured, i, 524

Herald, i, 408

Herbert,
on lake trout-fishing, ii, 115

herbivorous fishes, i, 30; ii, 364

Herdmania, i, 474

hermaphrodite fish, i, 124

Heros, i, 314; ii, 381

Herpetichthys, i, 608

herring, i, 21, 204, 290, 429, 440; ii, 33, 38, 43, 46, 49, 52, 73,
123, 159
figure of, i, 331; ii, 48
Goode on, i, 330
product of, i, 330

Hertwig, i, 112

Herzenstein, i, 411

Heterandria, i, 314; ii, 194, 201, 467

Heterobranchus, ii, 186

heterocercal tail, i, 49, 507, 513, 516, 602
of Acipenser, figured, i, 80
of Amia, figured, i, 82
of garpike, figured, i, 82
of Lepisosteus, figured, i, 82
of Salmo, i, 83
of sturgeon, figured, i, 80
of young trout, i, 83

Heterocongridæ, ii, 150

Heterodontus, i, 128, 447, 536
eggs of, figured, i, 128, 527
figure of, i, 75, 526
lower jaw, figured, i, 526
pectoral fin of, figured, i, 57

Heterodontidæ, i, 65, 127, 447, 511, 523, 529, 530, 545
family of, i, 527

Heterognathi, ii, 161, 162

Heteromi, i, 405, 611; ii, 12 138, 532
order of, ii, 157

Heteropleuron, i, 483

Heterostichus, ii, 507

Heterosomata, ii, 247, 481-498

Heterosteus, i, 586

Heterostraci, i, 568, 571, 622; ii, 13
order of, i, 573

Heterotis, ii, 56

Hexagrammidæ, ii, 442, 501
family of, ii, 439
organs of smell in, i, 115

Hexagrammos, i, 257; ii, 107, 439
figure of, ii, 440

Hexanchidæ, i, 509, 528
family of, i, 524

Hexanchus, i, 447, 524
figure of, i, 523

hickory shad,
figure of, ii, 53

high and low forms,
Agassiz on, i, 380, 381
Gill on, i, 383
Traquair on, i, 381, 382

Hilgendorf, i, 411, 416
portrait of, i, 417

Hilgendorfia, ii, 455

Hill, i, 415
conclusions of, i, 277, 279

Himantolophus, ii, 549

hinalea, i, 158

hingio, ii, 128

Hiodon, i, 291, 394; ii, 45, 46
figure of, ii, 45

Hiodontidæ, i, 290; ii, 45

Hippocampus, i, 19; ii, 236
figure of, i, 17, 250; ii, 238

Hippoglossinæ, ii, 489

Hippoglossoides, i, 205; ii, 491

Hippoglossus, i, 205, 329; ii, 489
figure of, i, 332; ii, 492

hirondelle, i, 408; ii, 60

His, i, 428

Histiopteridæ, ii, 398

Histiopterus, i, 260; ii, 333

Histiothrissa, ii, 52

history of ichthyology, i, 387-428

Hoffman, i, 412; ii, 546

hog-choker,
figure of, ii, 496

hogfish, ii, 388
figure of, ii, 387

Holacanthus, ii, 403
figure of, ii, 404, 405
skeleton of, figured, i, 214

Holbrook, i, 419

Holcolepis,
figure of, i, 454; ii, 43

Holconoti, ii, 365, 379, 380
suborder of, ii, 372

Holconotus, i, 404; ii, 375

Holden, ii, 291

Holder, ii, 409, 474
on oarfish, ii, 474

Holostei, i, 624; ii, 24

Holotrachys, ii, 256

Hollard, i, 412

Hollardia, ii, 412

Holocentridæ,
family of, ii, 253

Holocentrus, i, 267; ii, 253, 255
figure of, ii, 254

Holocephali, i, 448, 508, 519, 520, 561-567

Holopterus, ii, 41

Holoptychiidæ, i, 602, 603, 624

Holoptychius,
basal fin of, figured, i, 603
dorsal fin of, figured, i, 49
figure of, i, 451

Holostomi, ii, 140, 141

Holothurian, ii, 522
Fierasfer issuing from, i, 159

Holurus, ii, 14

Homalopteridæ, ii, 176

Hombron, i, 408

Home, i, 396

Homistius, i, 586

homocercal tail, i, 49, 81-83, 602
figure of, i, 84
of flounder, i, 84

homologies,
of bones, i, 34, 35
of pectoral limb, i, 85

Homonotus, ii, 253

homoplasy, i, 296

Homosoma, ii, 283

Hooker,
on fishes prey of birds, i, 166

Hoplias, ii, 162

Hoplichthyidæ, ii, 441

Hoplichthys, ii, 441

Hoplopagrus, i, 271

Hoplopteryx,
figure of, i, 438; ii, 253

Hoplostethus, i, 260, 263; ii, 252

Hoppin,
on blind fish, ii, 202, 203

Hornbaum-Hornschuch, ii, 144

horn-dace, i, 122, 283; ii, 167
figure of, i, 285; ii, 168

horned pout, ii, 35, 180
figure of, ii, 181

horned trunkfish, i, 374
figure of, i, 373, 376; ii, 416

hornfish, ii, 412

hornless trunkfish, i, 378; ii, 418
face view of, i, 379
figure of, i, 378; ii, 416

horse-eye-jack, ii, 276

horsehead-fish, ii, 276
figure of, i, 148

horse-mackerel, ii, 135
figure of, ii, 274

horseshoe-crab,
figure of, i, 572

Houttuyn, i, 394, 416

how fish cross watersheds, i, 306

how fishes breathe, i, 91

how to secure fish, i, 429

Hoy, i, 419; ii, 64

huchen, ii, 106

Hucho, i, 253; ii, 62, 106
figure of, ii, 107

Humboldt, i, 410
on gas in swim-bladder, i, 95

humpback salmon, ii, 68, 72, 80
figure of, ii, 70, 72

humpback sucker, ii, 174

humpback whitefish, ii, 65

Hutton, i, 416

Huxley, i, 424, 428, 593, 601; ii, 3
on herring product, i, 330
on Lepidostei, ii, 23

Hybocladodus, i, 522

Hybodus, i, 528, 529
eggs of, figured, i, 527
fin-spine of, figured, i, 528, 529

Hybopsis, ii, 167

hybridism, i, 144; ii, 94

Hydrocyon, ii, 162

Hydrolagus, i, 564

Hyodon, i, 302

Hyoganoidea, ii, 24

Hyoganoids, ii, 11

hyomandibular, i, 508, 521, 606

hyostylic skull, i, 508, 561; ii, 7
figure of, i, 56

Hypamia, ii, 36

hypercoracoid, i, 89; ii, 1, 12

Hyperoartia, i, 488, 490, 593

Hyperoplus, ii, 521

Hyperotreta, i, 488, 593

Hyperprosopon, ii, 375

hypocoracoid, i, 89; ii, 12

Hypocritichthys,
figure of, i, 309; ii, 375

Hypohomus, ii, 312

Hypophthalmidæ, ii, 185

Hypoplectrus, i, 235, 271; ii, 237
figure of, ii, 329

Hyporhamphus, ii, 212

Hypostomides, ii, 227-240
suborder of, ii, 239

Hypotrema, i, 549

hypural, ii, 142

Hypseleotris, ii, 460

Hypsoblennius, i, 242

Hypsopsetta, ii, 493

Hypsurus, ii, 375
figure of, ii, 373

Hypsycormus, ii, 34

Hypsypops,
figure of, i, 227; ii, 382

Hyrtl, i, 428

Hysterocarpus, i, 304; ii, 374
figure of, ii, 373, 379

Icarus, ii, 43

icefish, i, 146; ii, 123, 127
figure of, i, 149; ii, 128

Icelinus, ii, 442

Icelus, ii, 442, 449

Icosteidæ, ii, 285

Icosteus, ii, 285

Ictalurus, i, 291, 292; ii, 179-181
figure of, i, 280

ichthyized fishes, i, 210

Ichthyocephali, ii, 140, 141

Ichthyodectes, ii, 48

Ichthyodectidæ, ii, 48

Ichthyodorolites, i, 516, 529, 566

ichthyologists,
portraits of, i, 399, 403, 407, 409, 413, 417, 421, 425, 513, 516,
525, 545, 561, 599, 601

ichthyology,
Aristotle on, i, 387
history of, i, 387-428

Ichthyotomi, i, 437, 446
order of, i, 519
Parker & Haswell on, i, 520

Ichthyomyzon, i, 491

Ichthyopsida, i, 601

Ichthyosism, i, 183

Ichthysauroides, i, 586

Icthyscopus, ii, 503

Ictiobus, i, 291; ii, 172
figure of, ii, 173
shoulder-girdle of, i, 51; ii, 160

id, ii, 168

Idiacanthidæ, ii, 138

Idus, ii, 168

igami, ii, 390

Ilarches, ii, 400

Ilarchidæ, ii, 291, 400, 401

Ilarchus, ii, 398

Ilisha, i, 271; ii, 52

Ilyophidæ, ii, 150

imaginary garpike, i, 364

incisor teeth, figured, i, 31

inconnu,
figure of, ii, 67

Indian fauna, i, 267
extension of, i, 265

Indian fish, ii, 405

Indian sawfish,
figure of, i, 200

Indian parrot-fish,
figure of pharyngeals, ii, 393

Indigo damsel-fish
figure of, ii, 384

infraclavicles, ii, 13

infundibulum, ii, 6

Iniistius, ii, 389, 390

Inimicus, i, 236; ii, 434
figure of, frontispiece, II. Vol.

Iniomi, i, 405; ii, 38, 40, 41, 138, 189, 190, 204, 526
suborder of, ii, 129

iniomous fishes,
photophores of, i, 189

instincts in fishes,
basis of, i, 154
classification of, i, 154
of courtship, i, 155
heredity in, i, 154
of migration, i, 156
variability of, i, 155, 156
Whitman on, i, 156

intensity of coloration, i, 232

interclavicle,
Starks on, ii, 227

interhæmals, i, 49; ii, 348

interneurals, i, 49; ii, 15

intestine of fish, i, 33

intromittent organ, i, 124

Investigator, the, i, 408; ii, 60

Ioa, ii, 313

Ionoscopus, ii, 36

Ipnopidæ, ii, 131

Ipnops,
figure of, i, 181; ii, 131

Irish lord, ii, 442
figure of, ii, 443

Irish Pampano,
figure of, ii, 349

isabelita,
figure of, ii, 404

Isaciella, i, 270

isaki, ii, 342

Ischnacanthidæ, i, 517

Ischnacanthus, i, 517

Ischyodus, i, 565

ishigakidai, ii, 360

Ishikawa, i, 416

ishinagi, ii, 323

Iso,
figure of, ii, 218

isocercal tail, i, 49, 83, 602
Cope on, i, 84
figure of, i, 83

Isopholidæ, ii, 26

Isopholis, ii, 26
figure of, ii, 27

Isospondyli, i, 204, 406; ii, 26, 28, 29, 33, 34, 36, 37-60, 128, 129,
138, 139, 142, 148, 159, 160, 188-190, 209, 250
order of, ii, 38

Isotœnia, i, 565

isthmus, i, 45

isthmus barriers, i, 255-281

Isthmus of Panama,
as barrier, i, 269
fish fauna of, i, 266, 271
species of shores, i, 269

Isthmus of Suez, i, 255, 258
as barrier, i, 266
submergence of, i, 267

Istiæus,
figure of, ii, 46

Istiophoridæ, ii, 268

Istiophorus, ii, 269

Istlarius, ii, 182

Isuropsis,
figure of, i, 537

Isurus, i, 537, 538

Italian parrot-fish, i, 48
figure of, ii, 391

ito,
figure of, ii, 107

itoryori, ii, 340

iwana, ii, 114

jack mariddle, ii, 43

Jackson,
on Embiotocidæ, ii, 375, 393

Jacobi,
artificial impregnation by, i, 150

Jacoby,
on origin of eels, ii, 144, 145

Jacquinot, i, 408

Jadgeska hatchery, ii, 86

Jækel, i, 427, 428, 591

jallao, ii, 341

Janassa,
teeth of, i, 554

Japan,
Black Current of, i, 255, 256, 258
fishes of, i, 256
fresh-water fauna of, i, 256

Japan and Mediterranean
fish faunas, i, 259, 260

Japanese blenny,
figure of, i, 9; ii, 513

Japanese catfish, ii, 183

Japanese dace, ii, 170

Japanese filefish,
figure of, i, 241

Japanese samlet,
figure of, i, 321

Japanese sea-horse,
figure of, i, 250

jaqueta, ii, 383

jara-bakka, i, 171

jawfish,
figure of, ii, 359

jaws, i, 201
of Amia, i, 43
bones of, i, 41, 43
figured, i, 30, 43, 583; ii, 39
of parrot-fish, i, 30; ii, 391, 393
of shark, i, 35

Jenkins, i, 420; ii, 52
on fishes of Panama, i, 274

Jenkinsia, ii, 52

Jenyns, i, 408

Jerdon, i, 416

Jerusalem haddock, ii, 244

Jeude, i, 414

jewfishes, ii, 321, 323

jiguagua, ii, 276

jocu, ii, 336

John,
on climbing-fish, ii, 367

John dories, ii, 245, 247
figure of, ii, 248

Johnny darter, ii, 313

John Paw,
figure of, ii, 325

Johnson, i, 410
on interbreeding of trout, ii, 94

Johnston, i, 428

jolt-head porgy,
figure of, ii, 344

Jordan, i, 348, 408; ii, 522
on parent stream theory, ii, 81
portrait of, i, 421
on return of salmon to spawning grounds, ii, 83

Jordanella, i, 314; ii, 198
figure of, ii, 197

Jordania, ii, 441, 449
figure of, ii, 442

Jordanicus, ii, 522

jorobado, ii, 276

joturo, ii, 26
figure of, ii, 28, 222

Joturus,
figure of, ii, 222

Jugulares, i, 393
suborder of, i, 499-506; ii, 39, 499, 534

Julis, i, 158, 235; ii, 389, 390

jurel, ii, 276

kæpra, i, 171

kajika, ii, 118

kaku, ii, 221

Kalm, i, 390

Kamchatka lamprey,
figure of, i, 495

Kamloops trout, ii, 101

Kansas River,
blue-green sunfish from, i, 26

Kareius, ii, 494

Karpinsky, i, 529

Kaup, i, 411

kawamasu, ii, 95

kawamuki, ii, 415

Kellogg's Zoology, i, 26

Kelly
on otoliths, i, 120

kelpfish, ii, 389, 390, 507

kelts, ii, 91

Kent,
on anglers, ii, 543, 544