Chapter C: S. Paine, of East Bethel, Vt., found a nest of this species about (27)

[66] _Progne_ (_subis_ var?) _dominicensis_. _Hirundo dominicensis_, GM. S. N. I, 1788, 1025. _Progne d._ MARCH, P. A. N. S. 1863, 295; BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. 1865, 279.

[67] _Progne_ (_subis_ var?) _domestica_. _Progne domestica_ (VIEILL.) BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. 1865, 282. (Paraguay and Bolivia.) (_Hirundo domestica_, VIEILL. Nouv. Dict, xiv, 1817, 521.)

[68] _Progne_, (_subis_ var?) _leucogaster_. _Progne leucogaster_, BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. 1865, 280. (Southern Mexico to Carthagena.) _Progne dominicensis_ and _P. chalybea_, AUCH. (nec GMEL.).

From a careful examination of specimens of the above forms, the opinion that they are all local differentiations of one primitive type at once presents itself. The differences from the typical _subis_ are not great, except in the white-bellied group (_dominicensis_ and its allies), while an approach to the white belly of these is plainly to be seen in _P. cryptoleuca_; again, some specimens of _dominicensis_ have the crissum mixed with blackish, while others have it wholly snowy-white. While the male of _cryptoleuca_ is scarcely distinguishable, at first sight, from that of _subis_, the female is entirely different, but, on the other hand, scarcely to be distinguished from that of _dominicensis_ and _leucogaster_. Adult males of the latter species are much like adult females of _dominicensis_, while Floridan (resident) specimens of _subis_ approach very decidedly to the rather unique characters of _elegans_. It is therefore extremely probable that all are merely local modifications of one species.

[69] _C. cyaneoviridis_, BRYANT; BAIRD, Rev. 303 (Bahamas).

[70] _Vireosylvia calidris_, BAIRD, Rev. Am. Birds, 1865, 329. (_Motacilla calidris_, L. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1758, 184.)

[71] _V. calidris_ var. _barbadense_, RIDGWAY.

[72] _V. olivacea_ var. _Chivi. Vireosylvia chivi_, BAIRD, Rev. 327. (_Sylvia chivi_, VIEILL. Nouv. Dict. XI, 1817, 174.)

[73] _V. flavoviridis_ var. _agilis_. _Vireosylvia agilis_, BAIRD, Rev. 338. (_Lanius agilis_, LICHT. Verz. Doubl., 1823, no. 526.)

[74] _V. magister_, BAIRD.

[75] _V. gilva_ var. _josephæ_. _Vireosylvia josephæ_, BAIRD, Rev. 1865, 344 (_Vireo josephæ_, SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1859, 137, pl. cliv). Comparing typical examples of this “species” with those of _gilvus_ from North America, they appear very widely different indeed, so far as coloration is concerned, though nearly identical in form. But a specimen from an intermediate locality (54,262, Orizaba, Mexico, F. SUMICHRAST) combines so perfectly all the characters of the two, that it would be impossible to refer it to one or the other as distinct species. It therefore becomes necessary to assume that the _V. josephæ_ is a permanently resident tropical race of a species of which _V. gilvus_ is the northern representative; which theory is strengthened by the fact that of the latter there are no specimens found south of the United States, indicating that in winter it does not pass beyond their limit, or at least not far to the southward.

[76] The Jamaican bird is _V. calidris_, not _barbatulus_. In all probability, however, they do not differ in habits and notes.—R. R.

[77] _Vireosylvia propinqua_, BAIRD, Rev. 1865, p. 348. This appears to be merely a permanent resident race of _solitarius_, which itself visits Guatemala only in winter. Closely resembling the latter, it differs essentially in the respects pointed out above. The difference in coloration is produced by a shifting, as it were, toward the head of the yellow and olive, leaving the upper tail-coverts clear ash, and the lower pure white, and encroaching upon the ash anteriorly to the crown and ear-coverts, and the white alongside of the throat. In the _V. plumbeus_ these tints are simply almost entirely removed, leaving clear ash and pure white, with a tinge, however, of olive on the rump and of yellow on the sides. In _V. cassini_ the tints are darkened and browned by the peculiar influence of the region where found, there being neither clear ash, nor olive-green, nor pure yellow or white, in the plumage.

[78] _Vireo carmioli_, BAIRD, Review Am. B. I, 1865, p. 356. _Hab._ Costa Rica.

[79] _Bombycilla phœnicopterum_, TEMM. Pl. Col. II, 1838; pl. 450. The _A. phœnicopterum_ is stated by Temminck to have the nasal setæ so short as to leave the nostrils exposed, and to lack the sealing-wax appendages; the latter condition may, however, result from the immaturity of the specimen, as it is very common to find the same thing in individuals of the other species.

[80] _Myiadestes obscurus_ (LAFRES.), BAIRD, Rev. Am. Birds, 1866, 430. _Hab._ Mountains of Mexico to Guatemala and Tres Marias Islands.

[81] _Myiadestes unicolor_ (SCLATER), BAIRD, Rev. Am. Birds, 1866, 428. _Hab._ Central Mexico and Guatemala.

[82] _Lanius excubitor_, LINN. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 94.

[83] _Certhia flaveola_, LINN. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, 119.

[84] _C. flaveola_, A. & E. NEWTON, Ibis, 1859, 67. _Hab._ St. Croix. _C. newtoni_, BAIRD.

[85] _C. flaveola_, var. _portoricensis_, BRYANT, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. Jan. 1866. _Hab_. Porto Rico.

[86] _Motacilla bananivora_, GMELIN, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 951. (_Bananiste_, Buffon, St. Domingo.)

[87] _Certhiola luteola_, CAB. M. H. 1851, 96. _C. major_, CAB.; _C. minor_, BON.

[88] _Certhiola bahamensis_, REICH. Handb. I, 1853, 253. _C. flaveola_, BAIRD, B. N. A.; _C. bairdi_, CAB.

[89] _C. caboti_, BAIRD, MSS.

[90] _C. martinicana_, REICH. Hand. I, 1853, 252. _C. albigula_, BON.

[91] _C. dominicana_, TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, 167.

[92] _C. barbadensis_, BAIRD, MSS.

[93] _C. frontalis_, BAIRD, MSS.

[94] _C. bartholemica_, SUNDEVALL & SPARRMANN, Vetensk. Akad. Förhandl. 1869, 622.

[95] _C. mexicana_, SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1856, 286.

[96] _C. peruviana_, CAB. Journ. 1865, 413? Perhaps different.

[97] _C. chloropyga_, CAB. M. H. 1851, 97. _C. brasiliensis_, BP.

[98] _Pyranga erythromelæna_, SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond. 1856, 126. (_Tanagra erythromelas_, LICHT. Preis.-Verz. d. Saüg. u. Vög. no. 69; 1831.)

[99] _Pyranga ardens_, SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1856, 126. (_Phœnisoma ardens_, TSCHUDI. Wieg. Archiv, 1844, 207.)

[100] _Pyranga bidentata_, SWAINS. Philos. Mag. 1827, 428.

[101] _Pyranga rubriceps_, GRAY, Gen. B. fol. p. 364, pl. lxxxix, 1849.

[102] _Pyranga erythrocephala_, BONAP. R. Z. 1851, 178. (_Spermagra erythrocephala_, SWAINS. Phil. Mag. 1827, 437.) Were it not for the small size, one would, without seeing a specimen, be inclined to suspect this as being a young male of _P. æstiva_, which often occurs in very similar plumage.

[103] _? Pyranga azaræ_, D’ORB. Voy. p. 264. RIDGWAY, Pr. Ac. N. S. Philad. June, 1869, p. 132, fig. 2.

[104] _Pyranga saira_, SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1856, 124. RIDGWAY, Pr. A. N. S. June, 1869, p. 131, fig. 1. (_Tanagra saira_, SPIX, Av. Bras. II, 48, fig. 1.)

[105] _Pyranga testacea_, SCLATER & SALVIN, P. Z. S. 1868, 388. RIDGWAY, Pr. A. N. S. June, 1869, p. 133, f. 1.

[106] _Pyranga roseigularis_, CABOT. (Description from the type.)

[107] Of this highly colored form, the average length of five specimens is 7.55; in twelve the average is, wing, 3.67; tail, 2.86; culmen, .67. The bill appears to be slightly darker than in North American examples.

[108] _Coccothraustes abeillii_, SCLATER, Catal. Am. B. 123 (_Guiraca abeillii_, LESSON).

[109] _Carpodacus frontalis_, var. _hæmorrhous_, _Carpodacus hæmorrhous_, SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1856, 304. (_Fringilla hæmorrhous_, LICHT. Verz. 1831.)

[110] _Loxia curvirostra_, LINN., Syst. Nat. 299.

[111] _Loxia bifasciata_, DE SELYS-LONGCHAMPS, Faune Belge, 76. BONAP. & SCHLEGEL, Mon. des Loxiens, 7.

[112] _Fringilla linaria_, TEMM. Mass. Orn. 1835, 267 (not of Linnæus). “_Fringilla rufescens_, VIEILL. Faun. Franç. tab. 41, f. 1.” _Linota montium_, BP. & SCHLEGEL, Mon. Lox. 1850. “_Linaria flavirostris_, BREHM.”

[113] _Leucosticte brunneinucha. Fringilla (Linaria) brunneinucha_, BRANDT, Bull. Acad. St. Petersburg, 1841, 35. _Montifringilla (Leucosticte) brunneinucha_, BON. & SCHLEGEL, Mon. Loxiens, 1850, 36, pl. xlii.

[114] As this sheet is going through the press, we have been permitted by Mr. J. A. Allen to examine a series of birds, obtained by him in July, 1871, on Mt. Lincoln, Colorado, above the timber line, where they were breeding abundantly. Although very different from winter _L. tephrocotis_, they yet strongly suggest the idea of their being that species in summer dress. They present the following characteristics:—

_Breeding plumage._ Differing from the stage first described above, in entire absence of any ash about the head, and in deep black, instead of yellowish bill. ♂ with the red tints intense carmine, instead of peach-blossom pink, that of the abdomen extending farther forward. ♀ lacking the red, or with only a tinge of it. Hood dark vandyke-brown, becoming nearly black on the forehead; rest of head light chocolate-brown, similar to, but more faded than, that of the winter plumage; nasal tufts grayish-white.

Ten specimens collected by Mr. Allen all agree in the characters pointed out, by which they differ from the winter plumage of _L. tephrocotis_. Taking into consideration the fact of their black instead of yellowish bill, more intense red, and generally more dusky colors, as well as the other points of distinction from the previously known plumages of _L. tephrocotis_, and also that they are identical in size and proportion, while specimens of _L. tephrocotis_ in the breeding plumage have not before been seen, it seems very reasonable to suppose that these specimens represent the breeding plumage of that species. There is some resemblance to _L. brunneinucha_, which, from the plate in Bonaparte and Schlegel’s monograph of the _Coccothraustinæ_, seems to differ mainly in being lighter colored. Mr. Allen says that these birds were breeding abundantly in the locality where they were found.

[115] From the fact that this form is not found in any part of Alaska, nor, indeed, north of California, it is probable that the localities of _anthinus_ and _alaudinus_ were transposed in Bonaparte’s original descriptions.

[116] Hybrid between _oregonus_ and _caniceps_, = “_annectens_,” BAIRD, Geol. Surv. Cal. Orn. I, p. 564.

CHAR. Pinkish sides and convex outline to ash of breast, as in _oregonus_, with the bright rufous back and ashy head, with black lores of _caniceps_; a tendency in the rufous of back to tinge the wings, as in _oregonus_. _Hab._ Southern Rocky Mountains. (Fort Whipple, Arizona, COUES; Fort Bridger, Wyoming, DREXLER; Fort Burgwyn, Mountains of Colorado, AIKEN.)

[117] Hybrid between _hyemalis_ and _oregonus_.

CHAR. Plumbeous back of _hyemalis_, with pinkish sides of _oregonus_; or else reddish back of _oregonus_ and plumbeous sides of _hyemalis_, or colors mixed both above and below. _Hab._ Sun River, Dakota; McKenzie River District? Fort Whipple, Arizona; and Fort Bridger, Wyoming.

[118] Hybrid between _caniceps_ and _cinereus_, = “_dorsalis_,” HENRY, Pr. Phil. Ac. 1858, 117; BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858, 467.

CHAR. Rufous restricted to interscapular region, as in the former, with black upper mandible, and pale ash throat of the latter. _Hab._ Fort Thorn, New Mexico.

[119] _Junco cinereus_, CABANIS, Mexican Snowbird. _Fringilla cinerea_, SW. Syn. Birds Mex. in Phil. Mag. I, 1827, 435. _Junco cinereus_, CABANIS, Mus. Hein. 1850, 134.—BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858, 465. “_Fringilla rufidorsis_, LICHT.,” BONAPARTE; probably a catalogue name. _Junco phæonotus_, WAGLER, Isis, 1831, 526.—BONAP. Comptes Rendus, XXXVII, 518.

SP. CHAR. Ash-color above; with a broad quadrate interscapular patch of rufous-chestnut, this extending over the wing-coverts and inner secondaries. Beneath paler ash, lighter in middle region below, but without distinct line of demarcation. Lores and anterior region of eye dusky; in decided contrast. Outer three tail-feathers white, but dusky at base and on outer web at end; the amount increasing internally. Upper bill entirely black; lower yellow. Length, 6.40; height of bill, .25; culmen, .46. _Hab._ Table-lands of Mexico.

[120] _Junco alticola_, SALVIN, Guatemalan Snowbird. _Junco alticola_, SALVIN, P. Z. S. 1863, 189 (Highlands, Guatemala).—IB. Ibis, 1866, 193.

SP. CHAR. Similar to _J. cinereus_, but darker than Mexican species, with less contrast between the rufous of back and the ash of head. Tail with less white. Bill much larger: height, .34; culmen, .56. _Hab._ Highlands of Guatemala.

INDEX TO PLATES OF LAND BIRDS.

Ægiothus brewsteri, I. 501, pl. 22, fig. 6
exilipes, ♂ “ 498, “ “ 2
fuscescens, ♂ “ 493, “ “ 3
“ “ “ “ “ 5
Agelaius gubernator (_shoulder_), ♂ II. pl. 33, “ 4
gubernator, ♀ “ 163, “ “ 8
phœniceus, ♂ “ 159, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
“ (_shoulder_), ♂ “ “ “ “ 3
tricolor (_shoulder_), ♂ “ 165, “ “ 5
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 6
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7
Alauda arvensis, “ 136, pl. 32, “ 3
Ammodromus caudacutus, I. 557, pl. 25, “ 7
maritimus, “ 560, “ “ 8
Ampelis cedrorum, ♂ “ 401, pl. 18, “ 2
garrulus, ♂ “ 396, “ “ 1
Antenor unicinctus, III. 250.
Anthus ludovicianus, I. 171, pl. 10, “ 3
pratensis, “ 173, “ “ 4
Antrostomus carolinensis, ♂ II. 410, pl. 46, “ 1
nuttalli, ♂ “ 417, “ “ 3
vociferus, ♂ “ 413, “ “ 2
Aquila canadensis, III. 314.
Archibuteo ferrugineus, “ 300.
sancti-johannis, “ 304.
Astur atricapillus, “ 237.
Asturina plagiata, “ 246.
Atthis heloisa, ♂ II. 465, pl. 47, “ 6
Auriparus flaviceps, I. pl. 7, “ 11

Bonasa sabinei, III. 454.
umbelloides, “ 453, pl. 61, “ 10
umbellus, “ 448, “ “ 3
“ “ “ “ “ 9
Bubo arcticus, “ 64.
pacificus, “ 65.
virginianus, “ 62.
Budytes flava, I. 167, pl. 10, “ 2
Buteo borealis, III. 281.
calurus, “ 286.
cooperi, “ 295.
elegans, “ 277.
harlani, “ 292.
krideri, “ 284.
lineatus, “ 275.
lucasanus, “ 285.
oxypterus, “ 266.
pennsylvanicus, “ 259.
swainsoni, “ 263.
zonocercus, “ 272.

Calamospiza bicolor, ♂ II. 61, pl. 29, “ 2
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 3
Callipepla squamata, ♂ III. 487, pl. 63, “ 6
Calypte anna, ♂ II. 454, pl. 47, “ 7
costæ, ♂ “ 457, “ “ 8
Campephilus principalis, ♂ “ 496, pl. 49, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
Campylorhynchus affinis, I. 133, pl. 8, “ 6
brunneicapillus, “ 132, “ “ 5
Canace canadensis, III. 416, pl. 61, “ 5
“ ♀ “ “ pl. 59, “ 6
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 5
franklini, ♂ “ 419, “ “ 3
fuliginosus, “ 495.
obscurus, ♂ “ 422, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
richardsoni, ♂ “ 427, “ “ 4
Cardinalis coccineus, ♂ II. pl. 30, “ 8
igneus, ♂ “ 103, “ “ 0
phœniceus, “ “ “ “ 9
virginianus, ♀ “ 100, “ “ 6
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 7
Carpodacus californicus, ♂ I. 465, pl. 21, “ 10
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 11
cassini, ♂ “ 460, “ “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
frontalis, ♂ “ 465, “ “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
hœmorrhous, ♂ “ “ “ “ 12
rhodocolpus, ♂ “ 468, “ “ 9
purpureus, ♂ “ 462, “ “ 7
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8
Catharista atrata, III. 351.
Catherpes mexicanus, I. 139, pl. 8, “ 4
Centrocercus urophasianus, ♂ III. pl. 60, “ 2
“ ♂ “ “ “ 4
“ “ 429, pl. 61, “ 6
Centronyx bairdi, I. 531, pl. 25, “ 3
Centurus aurifrons, ♂ II. 557, pl. 52, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
carolinus, ♂ “ 554, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
uropygialis, ♂ “ 558, “ “ 2
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Certhia americana, I. 125, pl. 8, “ 11
mexicana, “ 128.
Certhiola bahamensis, ♂ “ 428, pl. 19, “ 5
Ceryle alcyon, ♂ II. 392, pl. 45, “ 6
cabanisi, ♂ “ 396, “ “ 9
Chætura pelagica, ♂ “ 432, pl. 45, “ 7
vauxi, ♀ “ 435, “ “ 8
Chamæa fasciata, I. 84, pl. 6, “ 8
Chamæpelia passerina, ♂ III. 389, pl. 58, “ 6
Chondestes grammaca, ♂ II. 562, pl. 31, “ 1
Chordeiles henryi, ♂ “ 404, pl. 46, “ 4
popetue, “ 407.
texensis, ♂ “ 406, “ “ 5
Chrysomitris lawrenci, ♂ I. 478, pl. 22, “ 14
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 15
arizonæ, ♂ “ 476, “ “ 11
mexicana, “ “ “ 12
“ ♀ “ “ “ 13
pinus, ♂ “ 480, “ “ 16
psaltria, ♂ “ 474, “ “ 9
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 10
tristis (_summer_), ♂ “ 471, “ “ 7
“ (_winter_), ♂ “ “ “ “ 8
Cinclus mexicanus, “ 56, pl. 5, “ 1
Circus hudsonius, III. 214.
Cistothorus palustris, I. 161, pl. 9, “ 6
stellaris, “ “ “ “ 7
Coccygus americanus, ♂ II. 477, pl. 48, “ 3
erythrophthalmus, “ 484, “ “ 5
minor, “ 482, “ “ 4
Colaptes auratus, ♂ “ 575, pl. 55, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
chrysoides, ♂ “ 583, pl. 54, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
hybridus, ♂ “ 582, “ “ 3
mexicanus, ♂ “ 578, pl. 55, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
Collurio borealis, ♂ I. 415, pl. 19, “ 1
“ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 2
excubitoroides, ♂ “ 421, “ “ 3
ludovicianus, ♂ “ 418, “ “ 4
robustus, “ 420.
Columba fasciata, ♂ II. 360, pl. 57, “ 2
flavirostris, ♂ “ 366, “ “ 3
leucocephala, ♂ “ 363, “ “ 4
Contopus borealis, ♂ “ 353, pl. 44, “ 1
pertinax, ♂ “ 356, “ “ 2
richardsonii, ♂ “ 360, “ “ 4
vireus, ♂ “ 357, “ “ 3
Conurus carolinensis, (_Ad._) “ 587, pl. 56, “ 1
“ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 2
Corvus americanus, ♂ “ 243, pl. 37, “ 5
carnivorus, ♀ “ 234, “ “ 6
caurinus, ♂ “ 248, “ “ 3
cryptoleucus, “ 242, “ “ 8
floridanus, “ 247, “ “ 9
mexicanus, ♂ “ 233, “ “ 4
ossifragus, “ 251, “ “ 7
Coturniculus henslowi, ♀ I. 553, pl. 25, “ 5
leconti, ♀ “ 552, “ “ 6
ochrocephalus, II. pl. 46, “ 6
passerinus, I. 553, pl. 25, “ 4
perpallidus, “ 556.
Cotyle riparia, ♂ “ 353, pl. 16, “ 14
Crotophaga ani, ♀ II. 488, pl. 48, “ 2
Cupidonia cupido, III. 440, pl. 61, “ 1
“ “ “ “ “ 7
pallidicincta, “ 446.
Cyanocitta arizonæ, II. 292, pl. 41, “ 2
californica, ♂ “ 288, pl. 40, “ 1
couchi, “ 293.
floridana, ♂ “ 285, “ “ 4
sordida, “ 292, pl. 41, “ 1
sumichrasti, ♂ “ pl. 40, “ 2
woodhousei, ♂ “ 291, “ “ 3
Cyanospiza amœna, ♂ “ 84, pl. 29, “ 11
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12
ciris, ♂ “ 87, “ “ 7
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8
cyanea, ♂ “ 82, “ “ 13
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 14
parellina, ♂ “ “ “ 6
versicolor, ♂ “ 86, “ “ 9
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 10
Cyanura coronata, ♂ “ pl. 39, “ 4
cristata, ♂ “ 273, pl. 42, “ 3
frontalis, ♂ “ 279, pl. 39, “ 2
macrolopha, ♂ “ 281, “ “ 3
stelleri, ♂ “ 277, “ “ 1
Cyrtonyx massena, III. 492, pl. 61, “ 2
“ ♂ “ “ pl. 64, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6

Dendroica æstiva, I. 222, pl. 14, “ 1
albilora, ♂ “ 240, “ “ 7
auduboni, “ 229, pl. 13, “ 1
blackburniæ, ♂ “ 237, “ “ 2
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 3
cærulea, ♂ “ 235, “ “ 10
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 11
cærulescens, ♂ “ 254, pl. 12, “ 10
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 11
castanea, ♂ “ 251, pl. 13, “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
chrysopareia, ♂ “ 260, pl. 12, “ 6
coronata, ♂ “ 227, “ “ 9
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12
discolor, ♂ “ 276, pl. 14, “ 9
dominica, ♂ “ 240, “ “ 5
graciæ, ♂ “ 243, “ “ 10
kirtlandi, ♂ “ 272, “ “ 5
maculosa, ♂ “ 232, “ “ 2
montana, “ 271, “ “ 3
nigrescens, ♂ “ 258, pl. 12, “ 8
occidentalis, ♂ “ 266, “ “ 5
olivacea, ♂ “ pl. 14, “ 4
palmarum, ♂ “ 273, “ “ 8
pennsylvanica, ♂ “ 245, pl. 13, “ 7
“ (_Juv._) ♂ “ “ “ “ 8
pinus, ♂ “ 268, “ “ 6
striata, ♂ “ 248, “ “ 9
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12
townsendi, ♂ “ 265, pl. 12, “ 7
virens, ♂ “ 261, “ “ 4
Dolichonyx orizyvorus, ♂ II. 149, pl. 32, “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5

Ectopistes migratoria, ♂ “ 368, pl. 57, “ 5
Elanus leucurus, III. 198.
Embernagra rufivirgata, II. 47, pl. 28, “ 3
Empidonax acadicus, ♂ “ 374, pl. 44, “ 11
difficilis, “ 380.
flaviventris, ♂ “ 378, “ “ 12
hammondii, ♂ “ 383, “ “ 7
minimus, ♂ “ 372, “ “ 10
obscurus, ♂ “ 381, “ “ 6
pusillus, ♂ “ 366, “ “ 9
traillii, ♂ “ 369, “ “ 8
Eremophila cornuta, ♂ “ 141, pl. 32, “ 1
“ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 2
Euspiza americana, ♂ “ 65, pl. 28, “ 11
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 12
townsendi, ♀ “ 68, “ “ 13

Falco anatum, III. 132.
candicans, “ 111.
columbarius, “ 144.
femoralis, “ 155.
isabellinus, “ 171.
islandicus, “ 113.
labradora, “ 117.
pealei, “ 137.
polyagrus, “ 123.
richardsoni, “ 148.
sacer, “ 115.
sparverius, “ 169.
suckleyi, “ 147.

Galeoscoptes carolinensis, I. 52, pl. 3, “ 5
Geococcyx californianus, ♂ II. 492, pl. 48, “ 1
Geothlypis macgillivrayi, ♂ I. 303, pl. 15, “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
philadelphia, ♂ “ 301, “ “ 6
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 9
trichas, ♂ “ 297, “ “ 7
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8
Glaucidium californicum, III. 81.
ferrugineum, “ 85.
Guiraca cærulea, ♂ II. 77, pl. 29, “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Gymnokitta cyanocephala, ♂ “ 260, pl. 38, “ 2

Haliaëtus albicilla, III. 324.
leucocephalus, “ 326.
Harporhynchus cinereus, I. 40, pl. 4, “ 2
crissalis, “ 47, “ “ 1
curvirostris, “ 41, pl. 3, “ 3
lecontei, “ 44, pl. 4, “ 3
longirostris, “ 39, pl. 3, “ 2
palmeri, “ 43.
redivivus, “ 45, pl. 4, “ 4
rufus, “ 37, pl. 3, “ 1
Hedymeles ludovicianus, ♂ II. 70, pl. 30, “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
melanocephalus, ♂ “ 73, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
Heliopædica xantusi, ♂ “ 467, pl. 47, “ 3
Helminthophaga bachmani, ♂ I. 194, pl. 11, “ 3
celata (_var._ Cape Lucas), “ 204, “ “ 4
“ (_var._ Florida), “ “ “ 6
“ (_var._ Rocky Mts.), I. 202, “ “ 5
chrysoptera, ♂ “ 192, “ “ 2
luciæ, “ 200, “ “ 9
peregrina (_in spring_), “ 205, “ “ 10
“ (_in autumn_), “ “ “ “ 11
pinus, ♂ “ 195, “ “ 1
ruficapilla, “ 196, “ “ 7
“ (_var._ Calif.), “ “ “ 8
virginiæ, “ 199, “ “ 12
Helmitherus swainsoni, “ 190, pl. 10, “ 9
vermivorus, “ 187, “ “ 10
Hesperiphona montana, “ 449, pl. 22, “ 4
vespertina, ♂ “ “ “ “ 1
Hirundo horreorum, ♂ “ 339, pl. 16, “ 9
Hylotomus pileatus, ♀ II. 550, pl. 56, “ 4
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 5

Icteria longicauda, I. 309.
virens, ♂ “ 307, pl. 15, “ 12
Icterus auduboni, ♂ II. 186, pl. 35, “ 1
baltimore, ♂ “ 195, “ “ 5
bullocki, ♂ “ 199, pl. 34, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7
cucullatus, ♂ “ 193, pl. 35, “ 6
parisorum, ♂ “ 188, “ “ 7
spurius, ♂ “ 190, pl. 34, “ 4
“ (_Juv._) ♂ “ “ “ “ 5
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
wagleri, ♂ “ pl. 35, “ 2
Ictinia mississippiensis, III. 203.

Junco aikeni, ♂ I. 584, pl. 26, “ 6
caniceps, ♂ “ 587, “ “ 3
hyemalis, ♂ “ 580, “ “ 5
oregonus, ♂ “ 584, “ “ 2

Lagopus albus, III. 457, pl. 61, “ 8
“ (_summer_), ♂ “ “ pl. 62, “ 1
“ (_winter_), ♂ “ “ “ “ 3
“ (_summer_), ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
leucurus (_summer_), ♂ “ 464, “ “ 6
rupestris (_winter_), ♂ “ 462, “ “ 4
“ (_summer_), ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Lanivireo cassini, ♂ I. 376, pl. 17, “ 9
flavifrons, ♂ “ 379, “ “ 5
plumbea, ♂ “ 377, “ “ 10
solitaria, ♂ “ 373, “ “ 8
Leucosticte arctous, “ pl. 23, “ 10
australis, “ “ “ 9
campestris, “ 507, “ “ 7
griseinucha, ♂ “ 508, “ “ 5
littoralis, “ 507, “ “ 6
tephrocotis, “ 504, “ “ 8
Lophophanes atricristatus, “ 90, pl. 6, “ 2
bicolor, “ 87, “ “ 1
inornatus, “ 91, “ “ 3
wollweberi, “ 93, “ “ 4
Lophortyx californicus, III. 479, pl. 61, “ 4
“ ♂ “ “ pl. 64, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
gambeli, ♂ “ 482, “ “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Loxia americana, ♂ I. 484, pl. 23, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
leucoptera, ♂ “ 488, “ “ 2
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 3
mexicana, “ “

Melanerpes angustifrons, ♂ II. 573, pl. 53, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
erythrocephalus, ♂ “ 564, pl. 54, “ 4
formicivorus, ♂ “ 566, pl. 53, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
torquatus, ♂ “ 561, pl. 54, “ 5
Meleagris gallopavo, III. 404.
mexicana, “ 410.
Melopeleia leucoptera, ♂ “ 376, pl. 58, “ 4
Melospiza fallax, ♀ II. 22, pl. 27, “ 10
guttata, “ 27, “ “ 12
heermanni, ♂ “ 24, “ “ 9
insignis, “ 30, “ “ 8
lincolni, “ 31, “ “ 13
melodia, “ 19, “ “ 6
palustris, ♂ “ 34, pl. 28, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
rufina, “ 29, pl. 27, “ 11
samuelis, “ 26, “ “ 7
Micrathene whitneyi, III. 87.
Milvulus forficatus, ♂ II. 311, pl. 43, “ 1
tyrannus, “ 309.
Mimus polyglottus, I. 49, pl. 3, “ 4
Mitrephorus pallescens, ♂ II. 386, pl. 44, “ 13
Mniotilta varia, ♂ I. 180, pl. 10, “ 6
Molothrus pecoris, ♀ II. 154, pl. 32, “ 6
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7
obscurus, ♂ “ “ “ 8
Motacilla alba, I. 165, pl. 10, “ 1
Myiadestes townsendi, ♂ “ 409, pl. 18, “ 5
“ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 6
Myiarchus cinerascens, ♂ II. 337, pl. 43, “ 8
crinitus, ♂ “ “ “ 7
lawrencii, ♂ “ “ “ 9
Myiodioctes canadensis, ♂ I. 320, pl. 16, “ 6
minutus, “ 316, “ “ 2
mitratus, ♂ “ 314, pl. 15, “ 10
“ ♀ “ “ “ 11
pileolatus, “ 319.
pusillus, ♂ “ 317, pl. 16, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
Nauclerus forficatus, III. 192.
Neocorys spraguei, ♀ I. 175, pl. 10, “ 5
Nephœcetes niger, ♀ II. 429, pl. 45, “ 4
Nisus cooperi, III. 230.
fuscus, “ 224.
mexicanus, “ 231.
Nyctale richardsoni, “ 40.
acadica, “ 43.
Nyctea scandiaca, “ 70.

Onychotes gruberi, “ 254.
Oporornis agilis, ♂ I. 290, pl. 15, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
formosa, ♂ “ 293, “ “ 3
Oreopeleia martinica, ♂ III. 393, pl. 58, “ 1
Oreortyx pictus, ♂ “ 475, pl. 63, “ 5
Oreoscoptes montanus, I. 32, pl. 3, “ 6
Ortalida macalli, II. 398, pl. 57, “ 1
Ortyx texanus, ♀ III. 474, pl. 63, “ 4
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 3
virginianus, ♂ “ 468, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
Otus brachyotus, “ 22.
wilsonianus, “ 18.

Pandion carolinensis, “ 184.
Panyptila melanoleuca, ♂ II. 424, pl. 45, “ 5
Parula americana, ♂ I. 208, pl. 10, “ 7
Parus atricapillus, “ 96, pl. 7, “ 1
carolinensis, “ 102, “ “ 4
hudsonicus, “ 105, “ “ 7
montanus, “ 95, “ “ 5
occidentalis, “ 101, “ “ 3
rufescens, “ 104, “ “ 6
septentrionalis, “ 99, “ “ 2
Passerculus alaudinus, “ 537, pl. 24, “ 11
anthinus, “ 539, “ “ 10
caboti, II. pl. 46, “ 9
guttatus, I. 544, pl. 25, “ 1
princeps, “ 540, “ “ 2
rostratus, “ 542, pl. 24, “ 12
sandwichensis, “ 538, “ “ 9
savanna, “ 534, “ “ 8
Passerella iliaca, II. 50, pl. 28, “ 7
megarrhyncha, “ 57, “ “ 10
schistacea, “ 56.
townsendi, ♀ “ 53, “ “ 8
Pediœcetes columbianus, III. 434, pl. 60, “ 1
phasianellus, “ 436, “ “ 3
Perisoreus canadensis, ♂ II. 299, pl. 41, “ 3
“ (_Juv._) “ pl. 42, “ 4
capitalis, ♂ II. 302, pl. 41, “ 4
obscurus, “ “
Perissoglossa carbonata, I. 214, pl. 12, “ 3
tigrina, ♂ “ 212, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
Petrochelidon lunifrons, ♂ “ 334, pl. 16, “ 13
Peucæa æstivalis, II. 39, pl. 28, “ 4
arizonæ, “ 41.
carpalis, “ pl. 46, “ 8
cassini, “ 42, pl. 28, “ 5
ruficeps, “ 45, “ “ 6
Phainopepla nitens, ♂ I. 405, pl. 18, “ 3
“ ♂ “ “ “ 4
Phonipara zena, ♂ II. 93, pl. 29, “ 15
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 16
Phyllopneuste borealis, I. pl. 5, “ 5
Pica hudsonica, ♂ II. 266, pl. 38, “ 1
nuttalli, ♂ “ 270, “ “ 3
Picicorvus columbianus, “ 255, “ “ 4
Picoides americanus, ♂ “ 532, pl. 50, “ 2
arcticus, ♂ “ 530, “ “ 1
Picus albolarvatus, ♂ “ 526, “ “ 7
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8
borealis, ♂ “ 524, pl. 49, “ 8
gairdneri, “ 512.
harrisi, “ 507.
lucasanus, “ 519.
nuttalli, ♂ “ 521, pl. 50, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
pubescens, ♂ “ 509, pl. 49, “ 6
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 7
scalaris, ♂ “ 515, pl. 50, “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
villosus, ♂ “ 503, pl. 49, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
“ (_Juv._) ♂ “ “ “ “ 5
Pinicola enucleator, ♂ I. 453, pl. 21, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
Pipilo aberti, ♂ II. 128, pl. 31, “ 7
albigula, ♂ “ 127, “ “ 11
alleni, “ 112.
arcticus, ♂ “ 119, “ “ 5
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
chlorura, ♂ “ 131, “ “ 4
crissalis, ♂ “ 122, “ “ 8
erythrophthalmus, ♂ “ 109, “ “ 2
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 3
megalonyx, ♀ “ 113, “ “ 9
mesoleucus, ♂ “ 125, “ “ 10
oregonus, ♀ “ 116, “ “ 12
Plectrophanes lapponicus,
♂ I. 515, pl. 24, “ 7
maccowni, ♂ “ 523, “ “ 1
melanomus, ♂ “ 521, “ “ 6
nivalis, ♂ “ 512, “ “ 2
ornatus, ♂ “ 520, “ “ 3
pictus, ♂ “ 518, “ “ 4
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Polioptila cærulea, “ 78, pl. 6, “ 5
melanura, “ 81, “ “ 7
plumbea, “ 80, “ “ 6
Polyborus auduboni, III. 178.
Poocætes gramineus, II. 545, pl. 29, “ 1
Poospiza belli, I. 593, pl. 26, “ 9
bilineata, ♂ “ 590, “ “ 8
nevadensis, “ 594.
Progne cryptoleuca, “ 332.
subis, ♀ “ 329, pl. 16, “ 7
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 10
Protonotaria citrea, “ 184, pl. 10, “ 8
Psaltriparus melanotis, “ 108, pl. 7, “ 8
minimus, “ 109, “ “ 9
plumbeus, “ 110, “ “ 10
Pseudogryphus californianus, III. 338.
Psilorhinus morio, ♀ II. 304, pl. 42, “ 2
Pyranga æstiva, ♂ I. 441, pl. 20, “ 5
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 6
cooperi, ♂ “ 444, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
hepatica, ♂ “ 440, “ “ 9
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 10
ludoviciana, ♂ “ 437, “ “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
rubra, ♂ “ 435, “ “ 7
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8
Pyrgita domestica, “ 525, pl. 23, “ 12
Pyrocephalus mexicanus, ♂ II. 387, pl. 44, “ 5
Pyrrhula cassini, ♂ I. 457, pl. 23, “ 11
Pyrrhuloxia sinuata, ♂ II. 95, pl. 30, “ 3

Quiscalus æneus, “ 218.
aglæus, ♂ “ 221, pl. 37, “ 2
macrourus, ♂ “ 225, pl. 36, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
major, ♂ “ 222, “ “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
purpureus, ♂ “ 214, pl. 37, “ 1

Regulus calendula, I. 75, pl. 5, “ 9
cuvieri, “ “ “ “ 7
satrapa, “ 73, “ “ 8
Rhinogryphus aura, III. 344.
Rostrhamus sociabilis, “ 209.

Salpinctes obsoletus, I. 135, pl. 8, “ 3
Saxicola œnanthe, “ 60, pl. 5, “ 6
Sayornis fuscus, ♂ II. 343, pl. 45, “ 2
nigricans, ♂ “ 340, “ “ 1
sayus, ♂ “ 347, “ “ 3
Scardafella inca, ♂ III. 387, pl. 58, “ 7
Scolecephalus cyanocephalus,
♀ II. 206, pl. 35, “ 3
ferrugineus, ♂ “ 203, “ “ 4
Scops asio, III. 49.
flammeola, “ 58.
floridana, “ 57.
kennicotti, “ 53.
maccalli, “ 52.
Seiurus aurocapillus, I. 280, pl. 14, “ 11
ludovicianus, ♂ “ 287, “ “ 13
noveboracensis, ♂ “ 283, “ “ 12
Selasphorus platycercus, ♂ II. 462, pl. 47, “ 5
rufus, ♂ “ 459, “ “ 4
Setophaga picta, ♂ “ pl. 46, “ 7
“ ♂ “ pl. 56, “ 3
ruticilla, ♂ I. 322, pl. 16, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 5
Sialia arctica, “ 67, pl. 5, “ 4
mexicana, “ 65, “ “ 2
sialis, “ 62, “ “ 3
Sitta aculeata, “ 117.
canadensis, ♂ “ 118, pl. 8, “ 7
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 8
carolinensis, ♂ “ 114, “ “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
pusilla, “ 122, “ “ 9
pygmæa, “ 120, “ “ 10
Spheotyto hypogæa, III. 90.
Spermophila moreleti, ♂ II. 91, pl. 29, “ 17
Sphyropicus nuchalis, ♂ “ 542, pl. 51, “ 3
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 4
ruber, ♂ “ 544, “ “ 6
thyroideus, ♂ “ 547, pl. 56, “ 6
varius, ♂ “ 539, pl. 51, “ 1
“ ♀ “ “ “ “ 2
williamsoni, ♀ “ 545, “ “ 5
Spizella arizonæ, “ 11.
atrigularis, ♂ I. 15, pl. 26, “ 11
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 12
breweri, II. 13, pl. 27, “ 4
monticola, “ 3, “ “ 5
pallida, “ 11, “ “ 3
pusilla, ♀ “ 5, “ “ 2
socialis, “ 7, “ “ 1
Starnœnas cyanocephala,
♂ III. 395, pl. 58, “ 5
Stelgidopteryx serripennis,
♂ I. 350, pl. 16, “ 12
Stellula calliope, ♂ II. 445, pl. 47, “ 9
Strix pratincola, III. 13.
Sturnella magna, ♂ II. 174, pl. 34, “ 2
neglecta, ♂ “ 176, “ “ 1
Sturnus vulgaris, ♂ “ 229, pl. 35, “ 8
Surnia ulula, III. 75.
Syrnium cinereum, “ 30.
nebulosum, “ 34.
occidentale, “ 38.

Tachycineta bicolor, ♂ I. 344, pl. 16, “ 8
thalassina, ♂ “ 347, “ “ 11
Thaumatias linnæi, II. 468.
Thryothorus berlandieri, I. 144, pl. 9, “ 2
bewicki, ♂ “ 145, “ “ 3
“ “ “ “ “ 4
leucogaster, “ 147.
ludovicianus, “ 142, “ “ 1
spilurus, “ 147.
Trochilus alexandri, ♂ II. 450, pl. 47, “ 1
colubris, ♂ “ 448, “ “ 2
Troglodytes ædon, I. 149, pl. 9, “ 5
alascensis, “ 157, “ “ 8
hyemalis, “ 155, “ “ 9
pacificus, “ “ “ 10
parkmanni, “ 153.
Turdus aliciæ, “ 11, pl. 1, “ 3
auduboni, “ 21, “ “ 8
confinis, “ 27, pl. 2, “ 1
fuscescens, “ 9, pl. 1, “ 5
iliacus, “ 23, pl. 2, “ 4
migratorius, “ 25, “ “ 3
mustelinus, “ 7, pl. 1, “ 1
nævius, “ 29, pl. 2, “ 2
nanus, “ 20, pl. 1, “ 7
pallasi, “ 18, “ “ 6
swainsoni, “ 14, “ “ 4
ustulatus, “ “ “ 2
Tyrannus carolinensis, ♂ II. 316, pl. 43, “ 2
couchi, ♂ “ 329, “ “ 6
dominicensis, ♂ “ 319, “ “ 3
verticalis, ♂ “ 324, “ “ 4
vociferans, ♂ “ 327, “ “ 5

Vireo atricapillus, ♂ I. 383, pl. 17, “ 6
belli, ♂ “ 389, “ “ 13
huttoni, ♂ “ 387, “ “ 12
noveboracensis, ♂ “ 385, “ “ 11
pusillus, ♂ “ 391, “ “ 14
vicinior, ♂ “ 393, “ “ 7
Vireosylvia barbatula, ♂ “ 360, “ “ 1
flavoriridis, “ 366.
gilva, ♂ “ 368, “ “ 3
olivacea, ♂ “ 363, “ “ 2
philadelphica, “ 367, “ “ 4
swainsoni, “ 371.

Xanthocephalus icterocephalus, ♂ II. 167, pl. 32, “ 9
“ ♀ “ “ pl. 33, “ 9
Xanthoura luxuosa, “ 295, pl. 42, “ 1

Zenaida amabilis, ♂ III. 379, pl. 58, “ 3
Zenaidura carolinensis, ♂ “ 383, “ “ 2
Zonotrichia albicollis, ♂ I. 574, pl. 26, “ 10
coronata, ♂ “ 573, “ “ 1
gambeli, ♂ “ 569, pl. 25, “ 11
“ (_Juv._) “ “ “ “ 12
leucophrys, (_Juv._) ♂ “ 566, “ “ 9
“ ♂ “ “ “ “ 10
querula, (_Ad._) ♂ “ 577, pl. 26, “ 4
“ (_autumn_) “ “ “ “ 7

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES.

Ani, II. 488.

Bee Martin, II. 316.
Bird of Paradise (Texas), II. 311.
Birds of Prey, III. 1.
Blackbird, Brewer’s, II. 206.
Cow, II. 154.
Crimson-shouldered, II. 163.
Crow, II. 214.
Red and White shouldered, II. 165.
Redwing, II. 159.
Rusty, II. 203.
Savanna, II. 488.
Swamp, II. 159.
White-winged, II. 61.
Yellow-headed, II. 167.
Black Warrior, III. 292.
Bluebird, Eastern, I. 62.
California, I. 65.
Rocky Mountain, I. 67.
Bobolink, II. 149.
Bob-White, III. 468.
Bull-Bat, II. 401.
Bullfinch, Cassin’s, I. 457.
Bunting, Arctic, II. 119.
Baird’s, I. 531.
Bay-winged, I. 545.
Black-crowned, I. 573.
Black-throated, II. 65.
Blue, II. 82.
Cañon, II. 125.
Chestnut-collared, I. 520.
Green-tailed, II. 131.
Henslow’s, I. 550.
Indigo, II. 82.
Lark, II. 61.
Leconte’s, I. 552.
Long-clawed, II. 113.
Maccown’s, I. 523.
Painted, II. 87.
Seaside, I. 560.
Sharp-tailed, I. 557.
Smith’s, I. 518.
Townsend’s, II. 68.
Varied, II. 86.
Western Yellow-winged, I. 556.
Yellow-winged, I. 553.
Burion, I. 465, 466, 468.
Bush-Titmouse, Black-eared, I. 108.
Lead-colored, I. 110.
Least, I. 109.
Yellow-headed, I. 112.
Butcher-Bird, I. 415.
Buzzard, Harris’s, III. 250.
Turkey, III.

Cardinal, Cape, II. 103.
Grosbeak, II. 100.
Texas, II. 95.
Catbird, I. 52.
Cedar-Bird, I. 401.
Chacalacca, Texas, III. 398.
Chaparral Cock, II. 472.
Chat, Long-tailed, I. 309.
Yellow-breasted, I. 390.
Chatterer, Bohemian, I. 396.
Chewink, II. 109.
Florida, II. 112.
White-eyed, II. 112.
Chickadee, Brown-capped, I. 105.
Chestnut-backed, I. 104.
Eastern, I. 96.
Hudson’s Bay, I. 105.
Long-tailed, I. 99.
Mountain, I. 95.
Southern, I. 102.
Western, I. 101.
White-browed, I. 95.
Chippy, II. 7.
Chuck-Will’s Widow, II. 410.
Cock of the Plains, III. 429.
Condor, California, III. 338.
Cowbird, II. 154.
Creepers, I. 124, 425.
Creeper, Bahama, I. 428.
Brown, I. 125.
Mexican, I. 128.
Crossbill, Mexican, I. 488.
Red, I. 484.
White-winged, I. 488.
Crow, Carrion, III. 351.
Clarke’s, II. 255.
Common, II. 243.
Fish, II. 251.
Florida, II. 247.
Northwestern Fish, II. 248.
White-necked, II. 242.
Cuckoos, II. 470.
Cuckoo, Black-billed, II. 484.
Mangrove, II. 482.
Yellow-billed, II. 477.
Curassows, III. 397.

Dipper, American, I. 56.
Dove, Carolina, or Common, III. 383.
Ground, III. 389.
Red-billed, III. 363.
Scaly, III. 387.
White-winged, III. 376.
Zenaida, III. 379.

Eagle, American, III. 326.
Bald, III. 326.
Caracara, III. 178.
Golden, III. 314.
Ring-tailed, III. 314.
Emerald, Linnæus’s, II. 468.

Falcons, III. 103.
Falcon, American Peregrine, III. 132.
Aplomado, III. 155.
Black Peregrine, III. 137.
Prairie, III. 123.
Finches, I. 466.
Finch, Black-faced, II. 93.
Blanding’s, II. 131.
California Purple, I. 465.
Cañon, II. 122.
Cassin’s Purple, I. 460.
Crimson-fronted, I. 465, 466.
Eastern Purple, I. 462.
Gray-cheeked, I. 507.
Gray-crowned, I. 504.
Gray-eared, I. 508.
Hepburn’s, I. 507.
Lazuli, II. 84.
Lincoln’s, II. 31.
Mountain, II. 3.
Painted, II. 87.
Summer, II. 39.
Yellow-throated, II. 65.
Flicker, II. 575.
Cape, II. 583.
Hybrid, II. 582.
Red-shafted, II. 578.
Flycatcher, Arkansas, II. 324.
Ash-throated, II. 337.
Buff-breasted Least, II. 386.
Canada, I. 320.
Cassin’s, II. 327.
Crested, II. 334.
Fork-tailed, II. 309.
Great-crested, II. 334.
Green Black-capped, I. 317.
Hammond’s, II. 383.
Least, II. 372.
Little, II. 366.
Mexican Olive-sided, II. 356.
Olive-sided, II. 353.
Red, II. 387.
Shining-crested, I. 405.
Small-headed, I. 316.
Small Green-crested, II. 374.
Swallow-tail, II. 311.
Traill’s, II. 369.
Western Yellow-bellied, II. 380.
Wright’s, II. 381.
Yellow-bellied, II. 378.

Gerfalcon, Black, III. 117.
Iceland, III. 113.
McFarlane’s, III. 115.
White, III. 111.
Gnatcatcher, Arizona, I. 80.
Black-capped, I. 81.
Blue-gray, I. 78.
Eastern, I. 78.
Lead-colored, I. 80.
Goatsuckers, II. 398.
Goatsucker, Long-winged, II. 401.
Short-winged, II. 410.
Goldfinch, Arizona, I. 476.
Arkansas, I. 474.
Black, I. 478.
Lawrence’s, I. 478.
Mexican, I. 478.
Pine, I. 480.
Rocky Mountain, I. 474.
Goshawk, American, III. 237.
Grakle, Boat-tailed, II. 222.
Bronzed, II. 218.
Florida, II. 221.
Great-tailed, II. 225.
Purple, II. 215.
Greenlet, Florida, I. 360.
Philadelphia, I. 367.
Red-eyed, I. 363.
Warbling, I. 368.
Western Warbling, I. 371.
Grosbeak, Black-headed, II. 73.
Blue, II. 77.
Evening, I. 449.
Pine, I. 453.
Rose-breasted, II. 70.
Ground-Tits, I. 83, 84.
Grouse, III. 414.
Canada, III. 416.
Dusky, III. 422.
Franklin’s, III. 419.
Oregon, III. 454.
Oregon Dusky, III. 425.
Pinnated, III. 440.
Richardson’s Dusky, III. 427.
Ruffled, III. 448.
Sharp-tailed, III. 434.
Shoulder-knot, III. 448.
Spotted, III. 416.
Willow, III. 457.
Gyrfalcon. _See_ Gerfalcon.

Hang-Nest, II. 195.
Harrier, American, III. 214.
Hawk, American Sparrow, III. 169.
Baird’s, III. 263.
Band-tail, III. 272.
Black, III. 304.
Broad-winged, III. 259.
California Squirrel, III. 300.
Cooper’s, III. 230.
Cooper’s Red-tailed, III. 295.
Duck, III. 132.
Fish, III. 184.
Gruber’s, III. 254.
Harlan’s, III. 292.
Marsh, III. 214.
Mexican, III. 246.
Mexican Blue-backed, III. 231.
Pigeon, III. 144.
Red-bellied, III. 277.
Red-shouldered, III. 275.
Red-tailed, III. 281.
Rough-legged, III. 304.
Sharp-shinned, III. 224.
Sharp-winged, III. 266.
Swainson’s, III. 263.
Swallow-tailed, III. 192.
Heathcock, Black-spotted, III. 416.
High-Holder, II. 575.
Hoot-Owl, III. 34.
House-Finch, California, I. 468.
Hummer, Ruffed, II. 457.
Humming-Birds, II. 437.
Humming-Bird, Anna, II. 454.
Black-chinned, II. 450.
Broad-tailed, II. 462.
Calliope, II. 445.
Costa’s, II. 457.
Heloisa’s, II. 465.
Ruby-throated, II. 448.
Rufous-backed, II. 459.
Xantus’s, II. 467.

Indigo-Bird, II. 82.

Jackdaw, II. 222.
Jay, Alaskan Gray, II. 302.
Blue, II. 273.
Brown, II. 304.
California, II. 288.
Canada, II. 299.
Florida, II. 285.
Green, II. 295.
Long-crested, II. 281.
Maximilian’s, II. 260.
Rocky Mountain Gray, II. 302.
Sierra, II. 279.
Steller’s, II. 277.
Ultramarine, II. 293.
Woodhouse’s, II. 291.

Kestrel, American, III. 169.
Kingbird, II. 316.
Couch’s, II. 329.
Gray, II. 319.
King-Buzzard, III. 178.
Kingfishers, II. 391.
Kingfisher, Belted, II. 392.
Green, II. 396.
Texas, II. 396.
Kinglet, Cuvier’s, I. 75.
Golden-crowned, I. 73.
Ruby-crowned, I. 75.
Kite, Black-shouldered, III. 198.
Blue, III. 203.
Everglade, III. 203.
Fork-tailed, III. 192.
Hook-bill, III. 203.
Mississippi, III. 203.
White-tailed, III. 198.

Lanner, American, III. 123.
Lark, Meadow, II. 174.
Old Field, II. 174.
Western, II. 176.
Linnet, Brewster’s, I. 501.
House, I. 465.
Red-headed, I. 468.
Log-Cock, II. 550.
Loggerhead, I. 418.
Western, I. 421.
Longspur, Black-bellied, I. 520.
Black-shouldered, I. 521.
Chestnut-shouldered, I. 523.
Lapland, I. 515.
Painted, I. 518.

Magpie, II. 266.
Yellow-billed, II. 270.
Martin, Cuban, I. 332.
Purple, I. 329.
Sand, I. 353.
Marsh-Wren, Long-billed, I. 161.
Short-billed, I. 159.
Merlin, American, III. 144.
Black, III. 147.
Richardson’s, III. 148.
Mocking-Bird, I. 49.
Moose-Bird, II. 299.

Night-Hawk, II. 401.
Texas, II. 406.
Western, II. 404.
Nonpareil, II. 87.
Nuthatch, Brown-headed, I. 122.
Pygmy, I. 120.
Red-bellied, I. 118.
Slender-billed, I. 117.
White-bellied, I. 114.

Orioles, II. 147.
Oriole, Audubon’s, II. 186.
Baltimore, II. 195.
Bullock’s, II. 199.
Hooded, II. 193.
Orchard, II. 190.
Red-winged, II. 159.
Scott’s, II. 188.
Osprey, American, III. 184.
Owls, III. 4.
Owl, American Barn, III. 13.
American Hawk, III. 75.
American Snowy, III. 70.
American Sparrow, III. 40.
Barred, III. 34.
Burrowing, III. 90.
California Pygmy, III. 81.
Feilner’s, III. 58.
Great Gray, III. 30.
Great Horned, III. 62.
Kennicott’s, III. 53.
Kirtland’s, III. 43.
Lesser-horned, III. 18.
Little Red, III. 49.
Long-eared, III. 18.
Marsh, III. 22.
Mottled, III. 49.
Red-tailed, III. 85.
Richardson’s, III. 40.
Saw-whet, III. 43.
Short-eared, III. 22.
Spotted, III. 38.
Western-barred, III. 38.
Western Great-horned, III. 64.
Western-mottled, III. 52.
White-fronted, III. 43.
Whitney’s, III. 87.

Paisano, II. 472.
Parakeet, II. 587.
Parrots, II. 585.
Parrot, Carolina, II. 587.
Illinois, II. 587.
Orange-headed, II. 587.
Partridge, III. 448, 466, 468.
Massena, III. 492.
Mountain, III. 453.
Plumed, III. 475.
Scaled or Blue, III. 487.
Spruce, III. 416.
Pewee, II. 343.
Black, II. 340.
Say’s, II. 347.
Short-legged, II. 360.
Western Wood, II. 360.
Wood, II. 357.
Pheasant, III. 448.
Phœbe-Bird, II. 343.
Pigeons, III. 357.
Pigeon, Band-tailed, III. 360.
Blue-headed, III. 395.
Key West, III. 393.
Passenger, III. 368.
White-headed, III. 363.
Wild, III. 368.
Pipit, American, I. 171.
European, I. 173.
Sprague’s, I. 175.
Poor-Will, II. 417.
Prairie-Chicken, III. 440.
Prairie-Hen, III. 440.
Texas, III. 446.
Ptarmigan, White, III. 457.
Rock, III. 462.
White-tailed, III. 464.

Quail, III. 468.
California, III. 479.
Gambel’s, III. 482.
Mountain, III. 475.

Raven, American, II. 234.
Redbird, II. 100.
Summer, I. 441.
Redbreast, American, I. 25.
Red-Poll, Lesser, I. 493.
Mealy, I. 498.
Redstart, American, I. 322.
Red-Tail, Eastern, III. 282.
St. Lucas, III. 285.
White-bellied, III. 284.
Reedbird, II. 149.
Ricebird, II. 149.
Road-Runner, II. 472.
Robins, I. 25.
Robin, Cape St. Lucas, I. 27.
Golden, II. 195.
Ground, II. 109.
Oregon, I. 29.
Oregon Ground, II. 116.

Sage-Cock, III. 429.
Sapsucker, Larger, II. 503.
Lesser, II. 509.
Scissor-Tail, II. 311.
Screech-Owl, III. 49.
Sea-Eagle, Gray, III. 324.
Seed-Eater, Little, II. 91.
Sharp-Tail, Columbia, III. 436.
Shore-Lark, II. 141.
Shrikes, I. 412.
Shrike, Great Northern, I. 415.
Southern, I. 418.
White-rumped, I. 421.
White-winged, I. 420.
Skylark, II. 136.
Missouri, I. 175.
Snowbirds, I. 580.
Snowbird, Oregon, I. 584.
Red-backed, I. 587.
White-winged, I. 584.
Snow-Bunting, I. 512.
Solitaire, Townsend’s, I. 409.
Sparrows, I. 528.
Sparrow, Arizona, II. 41.
Artemisia, I. 594.
Bachman’s, II. 39.
Bell’s, I. 593.
Black-chinned, II. 15.
Black-hooded, I. 577.
Black-throated, I. 590.
Brewer’s, II. 13.
California Shore, I. 539.
Cassin’s, II. 42.
Chipping, II. 7.
Clay-colored, II. 11.
Field, II. 5.
Fox-colored, II. 50.
Golden-crowned, I. 573.
Grass, I. 545.
Harris’s, I. 577.
Heermann’s Song, II. 24.
House, I. 525.
Ipswich, I. 540.
Kodiak Song, II. 30.
Lark, I. 562.
Little Brown, II. 5.
Northwest Savanna, I. 538.
Oregon Song, II. 27.
Rufous-crowned, II. 45.
Rusty Song, II. 29.
St. Lucas, I. 544.
Samuel’s Song, II. 26.
San Diego, I. 542.
Savanna, I. 534.
Song, II. 19.
Swamp, II. 34.
Texas, II. 47.
Thick-billed, II. 57.
Townsend’s, II. 53.
Tree, II. 3.
Western Chipping, II. 11.
Western Savanna, I. 537.
Western Song, II. 22.
Western White-crowned, I. 569.
White-crowned, I. 566.
White-throated, I. 574.
Starlings, II. 228.
Starling, II. 229.
Swallows, I. 326.
Swallow, Aculeated, II. 432.
Bank, I. 353.
Barn, I. 339.
Chimney, II. 432.
Cliff, I. 334.
Eave, I. 334.
Rough-winged, I. 350.
Violet-green, I. 347.
White-bellied, I. 344.
Swifts, II. 421.
Swift, Black, II. 429.
Oregon Chimney, II. 435.
White-throated, II. 424.

Tanagers, I. 431.
Tanager, Louisiana, I. 437.
Scarlet, I. 435.
Thistle-Bird, I. 471.
Thrasher, Brown, I. 37.
California, I. 45.
Cape St. Lucas, I. 40.
Gray Curve-Bill, I. 41.
Leconte’s, I. 44.
Palmer’s, I. 43.
Red-vented, I. 47.
Sage, I. 32.
Texas, I. 39.
Thrushes, I. 1.
Thrush, Alice’s, I. 11.
Dwarf Hermit, I. 20.
Golden-crowned, I. 280.
Gray-cheeked, I. 11.
Hermit, I. 18.
Louisiana Water, I. 287.
Rocky Mountain Hermit, I. 21.
Olive-backed, I. 14.
Oregon, I. 16.
Red-wing, I. 23.
Rufous-tailed, I. 18.
Small-billed Water, I. 283.
Swainson’s, I. 14.
Tawny, I. 9.
Varied, I. 29.
Wilson’s, I. 9.
Wood, I. 7.
Titlark, I. 171.
Titmice, I. 86.
Titmouse, Black-capped, I. 96.
Black-fronted, I. 87.
Black-tufted, I. 90.
California, I. 91.
Gray-tufted, I. 91.
Striped-headed, I. 93.
Texas, I. 90.
Tufted, I. 87.
Wollweber’s, I. 93.
Towhees, II. 109.
Towhee, Abert’s, II. 128.
Brown, II. 122.
Cape, II. 127.
Troupial, II. 184.
Turkey-Buzzard, III. 344.
Turkeys, III. 402.
Turkey, Mexican, III. 410.
Wild, III. 404.
Tyrant Flycatchers, II. 306.

Vireo, Arizona, I. 393.
Bell’s, I. 389.
Black-capped, I. 383.
Blue-headed, I. 373.
Cassin’s, I. 376.
Hutton’s, I. 387.
Lead-colored, I. 377.
Least, I. 391.
White-eyed, I. 385.
Yellow-green, I. 366.
Yellow-throated, I. 379.
Vultures, III. 335, 338.
Vulture, Black, III. 351.
Red-headed, III. 344.

Wagler, I. 578.
Wagtails, I. 164.
Wagtail, White, I. 165.
Yellow, I. 167.
Warblers, I. 177.
Warbler, Alaska Willow, I. 70.
Arizona, I. 243.
Audubon’s, I. 229.
Bachman’s, I. 194.
Bay-breasted, I. 251.
Black and White, I. 180.
Black and Yellow, I. 232.
Blackburnian, I. 237.
Black-masked Ground, I. 297.
Black-Poll, I. 248.
Black-throated Blue, I. 254.
Black-throated Gray, I. 258.
Black-throated Green, I. 261.
Blue Mountain, I. 271.
Blue-winged Yellow, I. 195.
Blue Yellow-backed, I. 208.
Cærulean, I. 235.
Cape May, I. 212.
Carbonated, I. 214.
Chestnut-sided, I. 245.
Connecticut, I. 290.
Creeping, I. 180.
Golden Swamp, I. 184.
Golden-winged, I. 192.
Hooded, I. 314.
Kentucky, I. 293.
Kirtland’s, I. 272.
Lucy’s, I. 200.
Macgillivray’s Ground, I. 303.
Maryland Yellow-throat, I. 297.
Mourning, I. 301.
Myrtle, I. 227.
Nashville, I. 196.
Olive-headed, I. 258.
Orange-crowned, I. 202.
Orange-throated, I. 237.
Pacific Orange-crowned, I. 204.
Pine-creeping, I. 268.
Prairie, I. 276.
Prothonotary, I. 184.
Rocky Mountain, I. 199.
Swainson’s Swamp, I. 190.
Tennessee, I. 205.
Townsend’s, I. 265.
Virginia’s, I. 199.
Western, I. 266.
Western Yellow-rump, I. 229.
White-throated Blue, I. 235.
Worm-eating Swamp, I. 187.
Yellow Red-poll, I. 273.
Yellow-rump, I. 227.
Yellow-throated Gray, I. 240.
Water Ouzel, I. 56.
Waxwing, Northern, I. 396.
Southern, I. 401.
Wheat-Ear, I. 60.
Whippoorwill, II. 413.
Nuttall’s, II. 417.
Whiskey-Jack, II. 299.
Woodcock, Black, II. 550.
Woodpecker, Black-backed Three-toed, II. 530.
Brown-headed, II. 547.
California, II. 566.
Cape, II. 519.
Downy, II. 509.
Gairdner’s, II. 512.
Gila, II. 558.
Hairy, II. 503.
Harris’s, II. 507.
Ivory-billed, II. 496.
Ladder-backed, II. 515.
Lewis’s, II. 561.
Narrow-fronted, II. 573.
Nuttall’s, II. 521.
Pileated, II. 550.
Red-bellied, II. 554.
Red-breasted, II. 544.
Red-cockaded, II. 524.
Red-headed, II. 564.
Red-naped, II. 542.
White-backed, Three-toed, II. 532.
White-headed, II. 526.
White-rumped, II. 564.
Williamson’s, II. 545.
Yellow-bellied, II. 539, 557.
Yellow-shafted, II. 575.
Wrens, I. 130.
Wren, Alaska, I. 157.
Berlandier’s, I. 144.
Bewick’s, I. 145.
Cactus, I. 132.
Cañon, I. 139.
Cape Cactus, I. 133.
Great Carolina, I. 142.
House, I. 149.
Long-tailed House, I. 145.
Parkman’s, I. 153.
Rock, I. 135.
Western Wood, I. 153.
White-throated Rock, I. 139.
Winter, I. 155.
Wood, I. 149.
Tit, I. 84.

Yellow-Bird, I. 471.
Summer, I. 222.

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES.