Chapter XLIII: Appendix: I (6)

Tribunals, list of, i, 541
establishment of, i, 166
multiplication of, ii, 205, 206
controlled by Suprema, ii, 179, 189
resist its encroachments, ii, 180
reports required from, ii, 183
become mere agencies, ii, 185, 186
funds controlled by Suprema, ii, 191
made to aid each other, ii, 193
their intercommunication, ii, 260
evasions respecting familiars, ii, 276
compile genealogies, ii, 288
expenses met by penances, ii, 394
subventions to Suprema, ii, 441

Tridentine Index, iii, 492, 528

_Trincheras_, iv, 303

_Triple Aliansa_, la, iv, 408

Trivial prosecutions, ii, 99; iv, 141

Troops, foreign heretic, iii, 475

Troppau, Congress of, iv, 444

Truxillo, clerical immunity in, i, 17

Tudela, tribunal of, i, 227, 554

Tudela penanced for harboring assassins, i, 254, 567, 610
Moors of, iii, 317

Tumult of Lackeys, iv, 390, 399

Turixi, Vicente, his fate, iii, 398

Turkey, refugee Jews in, i, 141
Morisco plots with, iii, 385

Tyrol, stigmata in, iv, 94

Tzevi, Zabathia, the false Messiah, iii, 303

Ubeda, slaughter of, i, 59

Uceds, Diego de, case of, iv, 139

Ucles, battle of, Jews in, i, 85

Ugolino, Giov., his mission, iii, 255

Uliff, his advice, i, 133

Ultramontanism, struggle with, iv, 292
its triumph, iv, 295

_Umbilicarii_, iv, 2

Unanimity, see _Discordia_

Uncanonized saints, iv, 355
jurisdiction over, conferred by Urban VIII, iv, 357
fictitious martyrs of Granada, iv, 357

Uniformity of procedure, iii, 37

Union with God, iv, 2, 8, 28, 63, 72, 74

Unity of faith, importance of, ii, 1
results of, iv, 477, 505, 534

_Universi Dominici Gregis_, bull, iv, 101, 102

Universities, limpieza required by, ii, 298, 313
attack the Jesuits, iii, 532
number of, iv, 485

University of Paris on pact with demon, iv, 185

Unnatural crime, iv, 361
in Spain, iv, 362
jurisdiction, only in Aragon, iv, 363
procedure secular, iv, 363, 366
in Sicily and Portugal, iv, 365
punishment, iv, 367
leniency to clerics, iv, 368
frequency, iv, 371

Unsalaried officials, ii, 263
seek exemption, i, 377, 382
jurisdiction over, i, 429
office-holders, ii, 223

Urban IV invalidates laws, i, 365

Urban V denounces Pedro the Cruel, i, 102
reserves cases of heresy, ii, 19

Urban VIII protects Mallorquin clergy, i, 499
objects to fines, ii, 400
revives brief of Sixtus IV, ii, 421
commutes relapse, iii, 261
annuls all licences, iii, 523
condemns the _regalistas_, iii, 537
on solicitation, iv, 101
on divination, iv, 244
on uncanonized saints, iv, 357
on reform of religious Orders, iv, 491
on tobacco in churches, iv, 504

Urgel, witchcraft in, iv, 211

Urquijo, Mariano Luis de, iii, 504, iv, 396

Urrea, Bp. Miguel de, a magician, iv, 180

Ursins, Princesse des, i, 317; ii, 176

Ursule de la Croix, case of, iii, 203

Usury, i, 95, 98; iv, 371
exorbitant in Middle Apes, i, 97
is heresy, iv, 372
struggle over it, i, 271, 285; iv, 373
jurisdiction abandoned, iv, 374

_Utensilio_, i, 399

Utility, general, iv, 378

Utrecht, treaty of, iii, 468, 470

Vaca, Licenciado, his visitation of Barcelona, i, 529

Vacancies occurring in Rome, ii, 429

Vacillation in confession, ii, 582

Val del Aguar, Moriscos massacred at, iii, 398

Val de Ricote, Moriscos expelled, iii, 404

Valcamonica, mystics of, iv, 46

Valdelamar, Alonso de, case of, iv, 97

Valdés, Inq.-genl., his Instructions, i, 182
condemns a book of Talavera, i, 204
forbids billeting troops, i, 396
on bandits as familiars, i, 453
limits Valencia familiars, ii, 276
his provisor as inqr., ii, 16
in danger of disgrace, ii, 46
resolves to prosecute Carranza, ii, 48
obtains power from Paul IV, ii, 61
wins over Philip, ii, 63
urges rupture with Rome, ii, 78
enforces limpieza, ii, 293
forbids prosecution for perjury, ii, 304
obtains canonries for Inqn., ii, 425
exploits discovery of Protestantism,
iii, 432, 433, 435
his letter of Sep. 9, 1558, iii, 566
his Index, iii, 486
his views on witchcraft, iv, 212
on clergy of Seville, iv, 497
his enforced resignation, i, 305; ii, 79

Valdés, Juan de, his heresies, ii, 53
on mysticism, iv, 14

Valençay, treaty of, iv, 419

Valencia, Council of, orders segregation, i, 77
massacre of 1391, i, 108, 111
complaints of confiscation, i, 236
_fuero_ as to confiscations, iii, 359
they revert to feudal lord, ii, 395
public supply of wheat, i, 388
military service of familiars, i, 412
factional strife, i, 449
chapter appeals to Rome, ii, 132
limits on torture, iii, 2
sanbenitos in cathedral, iii, 168, 170, 171
conversion of Moors, iii, 345, 353
treatment of baptized Moors, iii, 351
expulsion of Moors decreed, iii, 354
number of Moriscos, iii, 355
their disarmament, iii, 378
their expulsion, iii, 393
number of Frenchmen, iii, 457
but two Protestants in, iii, 472
adoration of Francisco Simon, iv, 356
rejoicings over Immaculate Conception, iv, 360
its _junta de fe_, iv, 460

Valencia, tribunal of, its treatment of Serra, i, 187
salaries in 1482, i, 231
opposition to Inqn., i, 232, 239, 242
Torquemada appointed for, i, 236
resistance suppressed, i, 240
oath to tribunal, i, 352
quarrel over precedence, i, 360
over market-place, i, 365
taxation of officials, i, 379
importation of wheat, i, 385
its salt-privilege, i, 394
billeting of troops, i, 399, 401
right to bear arms, i, 402
complaint of familiars, i, 407
right of asylum, i, 422, 423
extension of jurisdiction, i, 431
collection of debts, i, 434
struggles over the _fuero_, i, 439
Concordias, i, 440, 443
character of familiars, i, 447
refusal of competencies, i, 516
number of Edict of Faith, ii, 97
discourtesy punished, ii, 132
commissioners required, ii, 268
number of familiars, ii, 276
nobles as familiars, ii, 281
court of confiscations, ii, 330
composition for confiscation, ii, 353
cost of tribunal, ii, 210
its productiveness, ii, 367
saved from bankruptcy, ii, 375
struggle over confiscation, iii, 360
confiscation commuted, ii, 395
fines on familiars, ii, 398
its finances, ii, 435, 436, 439, 441, 443
composition for imperfect confession, ii, 460
cost of prisoners, ii, 533
revocation of confessions, ii, 584; iii, 129
the perpetual prison, iii, 153, 155, 158
trials for Judaism, iii, 235
two Jews arrive there, iii, 293
foreign Jews, iii, 313
persecution of Moriscos, iii, 358
suspension as to Moriscos, iii, 373
_visitas de navíos_, iii, 519
unnatural crime, iv, 362, 363, 371
tribunal supports Napoleon, iv, 400, 539
its resources in 1814, iv, 428
its register, iv, 458
statistics of trials, iii, 561; iv, 522

Valenzuela, Fernando de, iv, 476

Valera, Cipriano de, iii, 427, 447

Valero, Rodrigo de, case of, iii, 424

Valladares, Inq.-genl., i, 313
yields to Mallorquin Church, i, 503
on quarrels of regular Orders, ii, 39
on exile of New Christians, iii, 304
tries to reduce officials, ii, 215

Valladolid, Council of, on Jews, i, 73, 74
child-murder at, i, 149
chapter of, appeals to Rome, ii, 160
Univ. of, enforces limpieza, ii, 287

Valladolid, its tribunal, i, 171, 554
royal oath at auto, i, 353
Carranza's imprisonment, ii, 66
omission of Edict of Faith, ii, 98
quarrel over house, ii, 208
list of officials, ii, 210
Protestants of, iii, 429
auto of May 21, 1559, iii, 130, 437
of Oct. 8, 1559, iii, 441
case of Luisa de Carrion, iv, 37
of Luis de Leon, iv, 148
resumes in 1816, iv, 429
statistics, iv, 522

Van Halen, Juan de, his Memoirs, iv, 306

_Vara_ of alguazil, sale of, ii, 213

Vargas, Alonso, iv, 263, 264

Varieties of torture, iii, 18

_Vario_, ii, 582

Vassalage of Moriscos, iii, 342, 377

Vatable Bible, the, iv, 151

Vedreña, Miguel, his appeal to Rome, ii, 120

Vega, Juan de la, case of, iv, 76

Velada, Marquis of, on Moriscos, iii, 390

Vélez, Archbp., iv, 297, 409, 410, 413, 441

Velez, los, Marquis of, on familiars, i, 446

Vellon coinage, i, 562; ii, 197; iv. 482

Venality of the curia, ii, 104; iii, 252

Veneration, diminution of, iv, 391

Venice, licences to trade with Moslems, i, 56
galley-service in, iii, 142
powers of nuncio in, iii, 186
Portuguese refugees in, iii, 254
writings in its favor suppressed, iii, 542

Vera, Lope de, case of, iii, 294

Vergara, Juan de, case of, iii, 416

_Verqüenza_, iii, 138, 219

Verona decree admits no exemptions, ii, 30
Congress of, iv, 444

Vibero, Leonor de, iii, 130, 430, 437

Vicalvero, tax-exemption in, i, 382

Vicente Ferrer, St., i, 112, 116

Vicente, Gregorio de, case of, iv, 312

Viceroys, circular letter to, i, 354
visits not to be paid to, i, 357
precedence claimed over, i, 358
of Majorca, i, 268; iv, 512

Vich, Pablo, Bp. of, his contumacy, iv, 457

Vicissitudes of Spain, iv, 472

Vidal Marin, Inq.-genl., i, 302, 314
exhorted by Clement XI, ii, 178
his Index, iii, 495

Vidau Durango, i, 251, 596

Vieira, Ant., S. J., opposes confiscation, iii, 282
champions New Christians, iii, 284

Vienne Council of, in 1312, its influence, i, 71
its rules, ii, 5
condemns Begghards, iv, 2
on usury, iv, 372

_Vientres_, perquisite of, i, 532

Villacis, Pedro de, prosecuted, i, 294
manages composition of Seville, ii, 358
opposes waste of confiscations, ii, 383

Villahermosa, Duke of, iv, 261, 264, 265, 266

Villalba, Fran, de, prosecuted, iii, 420

Villalpando, Juan de, case of, iv, 34

Villanueva, Gerónimo, case of, ii, 133
his sentence, ii, 142
appeals to Rome, ii, 145
his death, ii, 156
struggle over the papers, ii, 157
effect of his sentence, ii, 311

Villanueva, Lorenzo, on suppression of Bible, iii, 529
his reply to Grégoire, iv, 398
his speech against Inqn., iv, 413
his imprisonment, iv, 423
sent as envoy to Rome, iv, 441

Villar, Count of, excommunicated, i, 358

Villaroja, Eusebio, case of, iv, 77

Villela, holy bell of, i, 251

Villena, Marquis of, a mystic, iv, 8

_Vinculaciones_, iv, 443

Vinegas, Fray Diego, case of, i, 371

Vintras, Pierre-Michel, iv, 94

Violant, Queen, on massacre at Palma, i, 109

_Violario_, ii, 343

Violation of compositions, ii, 354
of secrecy, ii, 476

Virgin, denial of her virginity, iii, 201
Immaculate Conception, iv, 175, 359
irreverence to images, iv, 352, 354

Virués, Alonso de, ii, 127; iii, 418

Visions, doubtful source of, iv, 4

_Visitas de navíos_, iii, 311, 314, 474, 510, 519; iv, 432

_Visitador_, ii, 227

Visitations of tribunals, i, 369, 442, 468, 528; ii, 181, 227

Visitation of districts, ii, 238
Edicts of Faith in, ii, 97
repugnance for, ii, 240
renewal of _sanbenitos_, iii, 169

Visits of inqrs. regulated, i, 357

Vivés, Juan Luis, on enforced silence, iv, 515

_Vocandorum, libros_, ii, 260

Vote, the last, of Suprema, iv, 542

Voting in consulta de fe, iii, 73, 75
in Suprema, ii, 168, 178

Voto de Santiago, iv, 413

_Vuelta de trampa_, iii, 20

Vulgate, authority of the, iv, 151

Wafers, consecrated, insults to, iv, 355

Wager of law, iii, 113

Wages of servants paid, ii, 329, 330, 332

Wamba banishes the Jews, i, 43

War, munitions of, their export, iv, 281
of Succession, Inqn. in, iv, 275

War-ships subjected to visits, iii, 512

Washing as evidence, ii, 566

Waste of confiscations, ii, 364

Water torture, iii, 19

Wax perquisite of Suprema, ii, 195

Wealth a source of danger, ii, 385
fines proportioned to, ii, 396
of Church, iv, 488, 493, 495
of Portuguese New Christians, iii, 268

Weapons, prohibited, i, 402, 404

Wergild of Jews and Moors, i, 61

Wheat, importation of, i, 385
requisition of, i, 393

Wheel of Beda, iv, 195

Widow holds office as dowry, ii, 221
of officials and familiars, i, 444, 445

Wife, dowry of Catholic, ii, 325
as witness against husband, ii, 537
of officials, qualifications of, ii, 251, 296

Windows, overlooking, closed, ii, 472
overlooking autos, iii, 213

Wine, trouble over, in Saragossa, i, 389

Wisigothic laws on Jews, i, 40
on sorcery, iv, 179

Wisigoths, conversion of, i, 39

Witchcraft, cases referred to Suprema, ii, 180
character and causes, iv, 206
development, iv, 207
the Sabbat, iv, 208
congregation of 1526, iv, 212
caution ordered, iv, 216
enlightened instructions, iv, 219
zeal restrained, iv, 221
Logrofio auto of 1610, iv, 225
Salazar's report, iv, 231
instructions of 1614, iv, 235
treated as illusion, iv, 238
cases become rare, iv, 241
in Roman Inqn., iv, 242
treatment throughout Europe, iv, 246

Witch-crazes, their cause, iv, 234

Witches reputed as insane, iii, 58

Witiza favors Jews, i, 44

Witnesses in mixed suits, i, 72
their perjury, i, 223; ii, 554
against familiars, i, 447
clerical, episcopal licence for, i, 491
protection of, i, 368; ii, 542, 549, 551
familiars as, i, 492
as to _limpieza_, ii, 301
their examination, ii, 466, 479, 541
sworn to secrecy, ii, 473
in secular law, ii, 535
presumed to be legal, ii, 536
for the defence, ii, 539; iii, 67
compelled to testify, ii, 540
suppression of their names, iii, 53, 64, 66, 548; iv. 106
offers respecting, i, 217, 221, 222; ii, 550
in Portugal, iii, 242, 257
number required, ii, 561, 562
_de visu_ and _de oidas_, ii, 564
single, suffices for torture, iii, 9
torture of, iii, 11
disabled for enmity, iii, 64, 68
in solicitation, iv, 120, 123
enmity disregarded, iv, 156
can revoke in witchcraft, iv, 235
not to be investigated, iv, 261

Women exempt from galleys, iii, 140
service in hospitals as penance, iii, 145
prisoners, ii, 523, 525, 526
stripped for torture, iii, 17
monkish abuse of, iv, 120
burning of, in England, iv, 526

Wood, indulgences for contributing, iii, 184

Work, hours of, not observed, ii, 226

Workmen entitled to _fuero_, i, 434

Works, external, rejected by mystics, iv, 3, 8, 28, 50

Writing materials for prisoners, ii, 517

Writings, licence to keep, iii, 489

Xavier, St. Francis, urges colonial Inqn., iii, 260

Xavierr, Cardinal, on Morisco expulsion, iii, 392

Xea, Moriscos of, prosecuted, iii, 375

Xelder, Juan, arrested by impostor, iv, 346

Xeres, battle of, i, 44
complaint of arrest at, i, 185
tribunal of, i, 555
claims on fugitive heretics, ii, 329

Ximenes, Catalina, case of, ii, 347

Ximenes, Cardinal, his purchase of preferment, i, 13
Inq.-genl., of Castile, i, 180, 205
power of dismissal confirmed, i, 178
attempts reform, i, 215
his alhondiga at Toledo, i, 388
appoints president of Suprema, ii, 164
restrains familiars, ii, 274
no discrimination against Conversos, ii, 287
claims share of confiscations, ii, 320
his financial reforms, ii, 366
checks grants from confiscations, ii, 380
abolishes receivers of penances, ii, 391
reserves commutations, ii, 409
reforms office of receiver, ii, 446
on suppression of witnesses' names, ii, 550
allows prisoners to live at home, iii, 152
prison must be perpetual, iii, 159
forbids discretional sentences, iii, 160
defines the sanbenito, iii, 163
his conversion of Granada, iii, 320
orders instruction of Moriscos, iii, 327
on seduction of female prisoners, ii, 523
favors the Beata de Piedrahita, iv, 7
fate of his MSS., iv, 530

Ximenez de Reynoso on Moriscos, iii, 389

Ximeno, Cristóbal, case of, iv, 116

_Xorguina_, iv, 210

Yáñez, Alvar, case of, i, 25

_Yantar_, i, 395

Youth as a defence, iii, 58

Youth liable to confiscation, ii, 321
to torture, iii, 14
to scourging, iii, 137
to reconciliation, iii, 150, 206
to prison, iii, 161
to disabilities, iii, 174

Zacharie, Jacques, case of, iii, 458

Zafar y Ribera, case of, ii, 579

Zafra, Francisco de, case of, iii, 427, 444

_Zahori_, iv, 187, 196

_Zala_, iii, 329

Zalaca, Jews in battle of, i, 85

_Zamarra_, iii, 163

_Zambras_ and _leilas_, iii, 329, 335

Zamora, Council of, on Jews, i, 69, 72
struggle over canonry, ii, 417

Zapata, Inq.-genl., his resignation, i, 309
Concordia of, i, 474
Index of, iii, 495

Zapata, Garcia de, case of, ii, 2

Zapata, Melchor, his jubilation, ii, 225

Zaportas. Salomon and Bale, iii, 293

_Zaragüelles_, iii, 17

_Zarza, compañia de la_, iii, 216, 219, 228

Zayas, Josef de, his prosecution, iv, 429

_Zelatores fidei_ as witnesses, ii, 540

_Zofras_, iii, 376

Zumarraga, Juan de, persecutes witches, iv, 215

Zuñiga, Juan de, seizes Jean de Berri, ii, 130

Zuñiga, Inq.-genl., his death, i, 306

Zurita, Gerónimo, on papal jurisdiction, ii, 131
as auditor of Suprema, ii, 194
reclaims early records, ii, 258
audits Sicilian accounts, ii, 367
accounts of fines and penances, ii, 392
his petition, ii, 194, 592
his statistics as to Seville, iv, 519

Zurita, Dr., his reception at Castellon, ii, 239
tenderness shown to him, i, 369, 530
his arrests of Frenchmen, iii, 458

Zurbano, president of Suprema, ii, 164

_Zurra de rueda_, iii, 181

FOOTNOTES:

[1] I have considered this subject at greater length in "Chapters from the Religious History of Spain," but the views there expressed have been somewhat modified by access to additional documents.

[2] II. Corinth. xii, 2-4.

[3] Est hodie soror apud nos revelationum charismata sortita quas in ecclesia inter Dominica solemnia per ecstasin in spiritu patitur; conversatur cum angelis, aliquando etiam cum Domino, et vidit et audit sacramenta et quorumdam corda dignoscit et medicinas desiderantibus submittit.--De Anima, cap. ix.

[4] Rufini Aquileiensis Historia Monachorum, _passim_.--Vitæ Patrum, Lib. III, c. 141.

[5] Chapeavilli Gestt. Pontiff. Leodiens., II, 256-7.

[6] Treatises of Richard Rolle, VIII, pp. 14-15 (Early English Text Society).

[7] Basnage in Canisii Thes. Monum. Ecclesiæ, IV, 366-7.

[8] Johann. PP. XXII, Bull. _In agro dominico_ (Ripoll. Bullar. Ord. Prædic. VII, 57).

[9] S. Cypriani Epist. iv ad Pomponium.--Concil. Antioch. (Harduin Concil. I, 198).--Lactant. Divin. Institt. VI, xix.

This test of continence was tried by St. Aldhelm (Girald. Cambrens. Gemm. Eccles., Dist. II, cap. xv) and was practised by the followers of Segarelli and Dolcino (Bern. Guidonis Practica, Ed. Douais, p. 260).

[10] Clementin. Lib. V, Tit. iii, cap. 3.

[11] Abecedario spiritual, P. III, Trat. xiii, cap. 3, fol. 122 (Burgos, 1544).

[12] Subida del Monte Carmelo, III, 38.

[13] De la Oracion y Meditacion, II, ii.

[14] De Oratione et Meditatione, cap. lv.--Cf. S. Pedro de Alcántara, De la Oracion II, iv.

[15] Archivo de Simancas, Sala 40, Lib. IV, fol. 231(see Vol. III, p. 570).

[16] R. S. Victor Benjaminis Minoris, c. lxxxi.--S. Th. Aquin. Summæ Sec., Sec. Q. clxxv, Art. 1.

[17] Joh. Gersoni. Tract. de Distinct. verar. Visionum a falsis (Opp. Ed. 1494, T. I, xix. L).

[18] B. Juan de Avila, Audi Filia et vide, cap. li-lv.

[19] Arbiol, Disengaños misticos, Lib. III, cap. xv (1707).

[20] Amort de Revelationibus etc. P. I, pp. 259-68 (Aug. Vindel. 1744).

[21] Abecedario spiritual, P. III, Trat. vi, cap. 2, fol. 52.--Cf. Molinos, Guida, Lib III, cap. xvii, n. 163-4.

[22] Melgares Marin, Procedimientos de la Inquisicion, II, 88(Madrid, 1886).

[23] Proceso contra Hieron. de la M. de Dios (MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. VII).

[24] Eymerici Director. P. II, Q. ix, n. 5.--Repertor. Inquisit. s. vv _Beatæ_, _Begardæ_, _Beguinæ_, _Hæresis_, _Hæretici_, etc.

[25] Abecedario spiritual, P. III, Trat. xxi, cap. 4, fol. 204.--Menendez y Pelayo, Heterodoxos, II, 526.

[26] Pet. Mart. Angler. Epistt. 428, 431.

[27] D. Manuel Serrano y Sans (Revista de Archivos etc., Enero, 1903, p. 2).

[28] See the trial of Alcaraz, epitomized by D. Manuel Serrano y Sana, in the Revista de Archivos, Enero, 1903, pp. 1-16; Febrero, pp. 127, 130 sqq.

[29] S. Bonaventuræ de Puritate Conscientiæ, cap. 14.

[30] Don M. Serrano y Sans has published (Boletín, XLI, 105-37) the principal features and documents of this trial. He states that much of the testimony is utterly unfit for transcription.

[31] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol. 133.

[32] This account of Francisco Ortiz is derived from the skilful analysis of his trial by Eduard Böhmer in his "_Franzisca Hernandez und Frai Franzisco Ortiz_" (Leipzig, 1865).

[33] Melgares Marin, Procedimientos de la Inquisicion, II, 94-5.

[34] Juan and María were uncle and aunt of the Cazallas who suffered for Protestantism.

[35] Melgares Marin, _op. cit._, II, 74-88.

[36] Ibidem, pp. 147-53.

[37] Archivo, hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. III, u. 46.--Cf. Schäfer, II, 119.

[38] MS. _penes me_.

[39] Diálogo de Mercurio y Caron, cap. lxv.

[40] So much has been said about this prosecution of Loyola that Padre Fidel Fita has performed a service in printing the documents of the case in the Boletin, XXXIII, 431-57.

[41] Caballero, Vida de Melchor Cano, pp. 549-50, 557-9, 568-9, 572-7, 582-3, 592-3, 598, 601.

[42] Salazar de Mendoza, Vida de Carranza, cap. xxxiii.

The first of these undoubtedly is found in the Comentarios (P. III, Obra iii, cap. 3), but it was perfectly admissible doctrine at the period. Aspilcueta, who was no mystic, tells us, in 1577, that prayer is worthless unless uttered in lively faith and ardent charity; innumerable priests are consigned to purgatory or to hell on account of their prayers, each one of which is at least a venial sin.--De Oratione, cap. viii.

It illustrates the progress of the movement against mysticism that the Index of Zapata, in 1632 (p. 980) orders a passage in Don Quixote to be _borrado_ in which this is expressed much less offensively--"Las obras de Charidad que se hasen tibia y floxamente no tienen merito ni valen nada."

[43] Reusch, Die Indices, pp. 237, 438.

[44] V. de la Fuente, Escritos de S. Teresa, I, 3-4, 557; II, 439-40, 557, 568, 571.--Index of Sotomayor, 1640, p. 529.--Indice Ultimo, p. 118.

[45] José de Jesus María, Vida de San Juan de la Cruz (Escritos de S. Teresa, II, 511-14).

[46] Index of Sandoval, 1612, p. 379 (Ed. Genevæ, 1620).

[47] Reusch, Die Indices, p. 224.

[48] Caballero, Vida de Melchor Cano, p. 597.--Barrantes, Aparato para la Historia de Extremadura, II, 346-7.--Giovanni da Capugnano, Vida del P. Luigi Granata.--Theiner, Annal. Eccles., III, 361.--Palafox y Mendoza, Obras, VII, 65.

[49] Alfonso Rodríguez, Ejercicio de la Perfeccion, P. I, Trat. v, cap. 7, 12.

[50] Ribadeneira, Vit. S. Ig. Loyolæ, Lib. v, cap. 10.

[51] Alegambe, Bibl. Scriptt. Soc. Jesu, p. 136.--Nieremberg, Honor del Gran Patriarca San Ignacio, p. 513.--L. de la Puente, Guia Spirituale, P. II, Trat. 1, cap. 15, n. 3; cap. 18, n. 2 (Roma, 1628).--De Backer, III, 639-53.

[52] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 76, fol. 343.

[53] Caballero, _op. cit._, p. 526.--Cf p. 359.

[54] Fray Alonso's Memorial, from which the subsequent details are drawn, has been printed by Don Miguel Mir in the _Revista de Archivas_ for Aug.-Sept., 1903; Jan., 1904; Aug.-Sept., 1904; June, 1905; July, 1905; and Aug.-Sept., 1905.

[55] Barrantes, Aparato para la Historia de Extremadura, II, 332-47.

[56] Biblioteca nacional, MSS., S. 151, fol. 54-67.--Barrantes, _op. cit._, II, 329, 347-57.--Miscelanea de Zapata (Memorial hist. español, XI, 75).--Cipriano de Valera, Dos Tratados (Reformistas antig. españoles, p. 272).--Dorado, Compendio histórico de Salamanca, p. 423.

In 1576 Alonso González Carmena was tried at Toledo for saying that the only object of the Inquisition was to get money, and instancing a wealthy damsel of Llerena recently arrested as an Alumbrado. He probably considered his assertions verified by having to pay a fine of 4000 maravedís, in addition to six months' exile.--MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[57] Páramo, p. 302.

[58] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 108; Lib 979, fol. 30.--The details of the Edict are derived from a copy published in Mexico, July 17, 1579, which I owe to the kindness of the late General Don Riva Palacio. In the Edict published at the opening of the Mexican Inquisition, Nov. 3, 1571, there is no allusion to the subject. See Appendix to Vol. II, p. 587.

[59] Páramo, pp. 302, 681-2, 688-9, 854.

[60] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[61] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. VII.

[62] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 1.

[63] Mística Teología, Lib. II, cap. 1, 4, 5, 6.

[64] Menéndez y Pelayo, II, 547-8.--MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch S, 130.

[65] Barrantes, Aparato, II, 363.

[66] Barrantes, _op. cit._, II, 364-70. Thia copy is somewhat imperfect; a better one is in the Bibliothèque nationale, fonds Dupuy, 673, fol. 181.

Malvasia (Cathologus omnium Hæresum et Conciliorum, Romæ, 1661, p. 269) gives a list of fifty Illuminist errors from this edict of Pacheco. Cf. Bernino, Historia di tutte l'Heresie, IV, 613 (Venezia, 1717).

[67] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 927, fol. 475.

This bold protest seems to have called attention to Portocarrero's ability for, in 1624, we find him appointed Inquisitor of Majorca and writing a book in defence of the Inquisition against the royal jurisdiction.

[68] Barrantes, _op. cit._, II, 363, 371-2.

[69] MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch S, 130.

[70] MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch Seld. A., Subt. 11; Arch Seld. 130.

[71] Llorente, Hist. crit., cap. xxxviii, n. 5.--Llorente's statement is confirmed by the account in Bernino's _Historia di tutte l'Heresie_, IV, 613. See also Terzago, Theologia historico-mystica, p. 6 (Venetiis, 1764).

[72] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xxi.

[73] Cartas de Jesuitas (Mem. hist. español, XIII, 122, 150-62, 165, 173, 175, 177-80, 184, 205-7, 214, 222, 245, 267, 324, 435, 528, 543, 547; XIV, 12, 21, 47; XV, 80; XIX, 383).--Pellicer, Avisos históricos (Semanario erúdito, XXXIII, 99, 168).--Index of Vidal Marin, 1707, II, 19.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 6, fol. 591.--Decret. authent. Sacræ Congr. Indulgentt. n. 4, 14.

[74] Vida, pp. 6, 10, 275 (Ed. 1784).

[75] Various biographies of her have been written by Moran de Butron, Pietro del Spirito Santo, P. Gijon y Leon, P. Gius. Boero and Juan del Castillo, of some of which repeated editions have appeared.

[76] Pellicer, Avisos históricos (Semanario erúdito, XXXIII, 171).

[77] Ochoa, Epistolario español, II, 81.

[78] Vita Yen. Mariæ de Agreda, §§ 4, 6, 8, 13, 38.--Præfat. ad Lib. I, Vitæ B. Virginis.

[79] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. Leg. 1465, fol. 101.--Index Libb. prohib. Innoc. PP. XI, p. 167; Append. p. 41.--Reusch, Der Index, II, 253.--Mendham, Literary Policy of the Church of Rome, pp. 272-4 (London, 1830).--Phelippeaux, Relation de l'Origine etc. du Quietisme, I, 178-83 (s. l. 1732).

[80] D'Argentré, Collect. Judic. de novis Erroribus, III, I, 156.

[81] Analecta Franciscana, I, 92.--Reusch, Der Index, II, 256.--Amort de Revelationibus, P. II, p. 226.

[82] Index Clementis PP. XI, p. 292.--Index Bened. PP. XIV, 1744, p. 313. It is significant of the resultant dubious position of the books that Caetano Marcecales, in his _Enchiridium mysticum_ (Veronæ, 1766), while giving two lists of mystic works, one permitted and the other prohibited, wholly omits the writings of María de Agreda.

[83] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.--Biblioteca Casanatense, MS. X. v, 27, fol. 235.

[84] Bordoni Sacrum Tribunal Judicum, p. 508 (Romæ, 1648).--Ign. Lupi Bergomens. Nova Lux in Edictum S. Inquisit. (Bergomi, 1648).

[85] Reusch, Der Index, II, 610-11.

[86] Scaglia, Prattica per le cause del Sant' Officio, cap. 25 (MS. _penes me_). There are copies in the Bibliothèque nationale, fonds italien, 139; in the Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Ital. 598, and in the Municipal Library of Piacenza.

[87] Bernino, Historia di tutte l'Heresie, IV, 712 (Venezia, 1717.)

[88] Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Ital. 185, pp. 1-7.--Library of the Seminario della Curia arcivescovile di Firenze, Chiese, Spogli, Vol. I, pp. 407 aqq.--[Modesto Rastrelli] Fatti attinenti all' Inquisizione, pp. 173-77 (Venezia, 1782).--Cf. Cantù, Eretici d'Italia, III, 336.

[89] Biblioteca del R. Archivio di Stato in Roma, Miscellanea MS., pp. 577-630.--Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Itat. 185, pp. 13-26.--L'Ambasciata di Romolo a Romani, p. 689 (Colon. 1676).--Collect. Decret. S. Congr. S. Officii, p. 7 (MS. _penes me_).--Cantù, _op. cit._, III, 330.

[90] MSS. of Ambrosian Library of Milan, H, S, VI, 29, fol. 140.

[91] Bernino, Historia di tutte l'Heresie, IV, 722-6.--MSS. of Ambrosian Library, H, S, VI, 29, fol. 14. This latter is a considerable body of documents from which are derived the facts that follow.

[92] Ambrosian MSS. _ubi sup._ fol. 111, 113, 117, 119, 121, 135, 137, 138.

[93] Ibidem, fol. 58, 61, 66, 80, 83, 86.

[94] Ambrosian MSS. _ubi sup._, fol. 18, 22, 24, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 61, 81, 91.

[95] Ibidem, fol. 44, 54, 66, 81.

[96] Ambrosian MSS. _ubi sup._, fol. 65, 82, 113, 117, 119.

[97] Guida spirituale, Lib. I, n. 128.--"Non parlando, non pensando, non desiderando, si giunge al perfetto silenzio mistico, nel quale Iddio parla con l'anima e a lei si communica e le insegna nel più intimo fondo la più perfetta e alta sapienza."

Cf. Osuna, Abecedario spiritual, P. III, Trat. xxi, Cap. 3, fol. 203.--Santa Teresa, Libro de las Revelaciones.--San Juan de la Cruz, Subida del Monte Carmelo, II, vii.

[98] Guida, Lib. I, n. 68-70.

[99] Guida, Lib. III, n. 3, 40.

[100] Biblioteca Casanatense, MS. X, v, 27, fol. 231 sqq.

[101] Reusch, Der Index, II, 612-14. Of these controversial works I have been able to examine only Segneri's _Lettera_ and the _Clavis Aurea_. The chief impression made by these polemics is the elusiveness of these mystic dreams when an attempt is made at rigid definition and differentiation.

[102] Biblioteca Casanatense, MS. X, IV, 39, fol. 19sqq.

[103] Bernino, _op. cit._, IV, 726.

[104] Biblioteca Casanatense, MSS. X, VII, 46, fol. 289 sqq. This is an account of the affair by one evidently in position to have accurate knowledge of details.

[105] Archivo histórico nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Legajo 1, n. 4, fol. 164.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Legajo 1465, fol. 101.

[106] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Legajo 12, n. 1, fol. 106.

[107] Trois lettres touchant l'Etat present d'Italie, pp. 90-120 (Cologne, 1688)

These nineteen errors are here printed with their confutations, but without indication of date or of the authority under which they were prepared. They are also contained, with a different series of confutations, in the mass of papers concerning the Pelagini, in the Ambrosian Library, H, S., VI, 29, fol. 28.

This also contains (fol. 30) a series of instructions for detecting the Quietist heresy, consisting of a list of forty-three errors. Some of these set forth so concisely the leading tenets ascribed, with tolerable accuracy, to the Quietists, that they are worth presenting here.

21. They seek to annihilate the memory, the intellect and the will; to remember nothing, to understand nothing, to desire nothing, and they say that when they have thus emptied themselves they are refilled by God.

22. They say that God operates in their souls without coöperation; that their spirit is identified with God, so that they are purely passive, surrendering their freewill to God who takes possession of it.

23. Thus such souls are preserved from even venial sins of advertence and, if they commit some inadvertently they are not imputed.

24. Also some proceed to claim impeccability, because they cannot sin when God operates in them without their participation.

25. If these souls commit sinful acts, they say it is through the violence of the demon, with the permission of God, for their torment and purgation.

28. Examination of conscience to ascertain if there has been consent to such acts is not expedient, for it distracts introversion and disturbs the quiet of the soul.

[108] Bibl. Casanatense MSS., X, VII, 45, fol. 289.

I cannot but regard this as a truthful report. It accords with the briefer abstract in the final sentence, which distinguishes between the articles proved by witnesses and denied by Molinos and those which he admitted. Reusch (Der Index, II, 617-18) states that the sentence has been printed in the _Analecta Juris Pontificii_, 6, 1653, and in the Appendix to Francke's translation of the _Guida Spirituale_, published in 1687. I have a copy from the Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Ital. 185, and there is one in the Bibliothèque nationale, fonds italien, 138, which also contains the 263 articles drawn from his correspondence, with his answers.

[109] D'Argentré, Collect. judic. de novis Erroribus, III, II, 357-62.

[110] The account of the atto di fede is derived from the MS. Casanatense, X, VII, 45, and a relation printed by Laemmer, _Meletematum Romanorum Mantissa_, pp. 407 sqq., who also prints (pp. 412-22) the sentence of Pedro Peña.

The contemporary printed sources of the whole affair are _Trois Lettres touchant l'Etat present d'Italie_, Cologne, 1688; _Recueil de diverses pièces concernant le Quietisme et les Quietistes_, Amsterdam, 1688, and Bernino, _Historia di tutte l'Heresie_, IV, 711 sqq. The concise account by Reusch (_Der Index_, II, 611 sqq.) is written with his accustomed thoroughness and careful use of all accessible sources. John Bigelow's "Molinos the Quietist" (New York, 1882) is a popular narrative which rejects the charges of immorality. See also Heppe, _Geschichte der quietistischen Mystik_, pp. 110 sqq., 260 sqq. (Berlin, 1875).

[111] Innocentii PP. XI, Bull. _Coelestis Pastor_ (Bullar. X, 212).

[112] Reusch, Der Index, II, 618.--Index Innoc. XI, Append, pp. 7, 28, 45, 47 (Romæ, 1702).

[113] MSS. of Ambrosian Library, H. S. VI, 29, fol. 67 sqq.

[114] Bernino, _op. cit._, IV, 727-8.

[115] Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Ital. 209, fol. 67 sqq.--Cf. Phelippeaux, Relation du Quietisme, II, 117, 154.

[116] Laemmer, _op. cit._, p. 427.--Heppe, Geschichte der quietistischen Mystik, p. 445.

[117] Mongitore, L'Atto pubblico di Fede celebrato à 6 Aprile, 1724 (Palermo 1724).

[118] See the extracts from S. François de Sales collected by Fénelon, in his Fifth Letter.--OEuvres, II, 95-98 (Paris, 1838).

[119] Noack, Die christliche Mystic, II, 236 (Königsberg, 1853).

[120] Heppe, _op. cit._, p. 88.

[121] Abomination des Abominations des fausses Devotions de ce Tems divisées, en Trois, la premiere des Illuminez; la seconde des nouveaux Adamites; la troisieme des Spirituels à la mode, p. 88 (Paris, 1632).

[122] Bossuet, who read her autobiography in MS. tells us of this tympanitic condition and the splitting of her garments (De Quietismo, _ap._ Laemmer, _op. cit._, p. 423). In the printed life, this special feature is omitted, but the passage has every appearance of curtailment (II, 33, cf. 234; III, 9).

[123] Bossuet's side in this controversy is elaborately set forth in Phelippeaux's posthumous "Relation de l'Origine, du Progrès et de la Condemnation du Quiétisme," 2 vols., 1732 (_s. l._). Also in Bossuet's "Relation sur le Quiétisme" and subsequent controversial writings, Paris, 1698. Madame Guyon's statements are contained in "La Vie de Madame J. M. B. de la Mothe Guion, écrite por Elle-même," 3 vols. Cologne, 1720. She is defended in the "Lettres de M. xxx (Abbé de la Blatterie) à un Ami au sujet de la Relation du Quiétisme," 1733 (_s. l._). Fénelon's writings on the subject are in his _OEuvres_, T. II, Paris, 1838.

Comprehensive accounts may be found in Matter, "Le Mysticisme en France au temps de Fénelon," Paris, 1865 and Heppe, "Geschichte der quietistischen Mystik in der katholischen Kirche," Berlin, 1865.

[124] Compendio de la asombrosa Vida del gran Siervo de Dios, Fr. Juan Joseph de la Cruz, pp. 276 sqq. (Madrid, 1790).

[125] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 164.

[126] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 103; Lib. III de copias, fol. 703, 704.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 12, n. 4, fol. 124.

[127] MSS. of Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, Tomo IV, n. 48-49.--These are relations of the auto, one of which I have printed in "Chapters from the Religious History of Spain."

[128] Relacion hist. de la Judería de Sevilla, pp. 99-103.

[129] Archivo municipal de Sevilla, _loc. cit._, n. 52.

[130] Matute y Luquin, p. 211.

[131] Possadas, Triumphos de la Castidad contra la Luxuria diabolica de Molinos, Córdova, 1698.

This is a second edition; a third appeared in Madrid, in 1775.

[132] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 15; Leg. 12, n. 2, fol. 126.

[133] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. XI.

[134] Matute y Luquin, pp. 216-23.

[135] Index of Vidal Marin, 1707, II, 195.

[136] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 141, 144, 146, 150.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq. Legajos 418, 419 (números antiguos).--See Appendix for the abjuration, which summarizes the errors.

[137] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 876, fol. 153.--Llorente (Hist. crít. Cap. XLII, n. 15) places this case under Carlos III.

[138] Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XL, art. ii, n. 1-14.

[139] There is an allusion to this edict in the _Relacion de la Causa contra Don Pedro Fernández Ybarraran_ (MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.).

[140] Proceso contra Fray Eusebio de Villaroja (MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.).

[141] Lib. XIII de Cartas, fol. 192 (MSS. of Am. Philosophical Society).

[142] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[143] Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

[144] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890, fol. 82.

[145] Ibidem, Lib. 890.--Matute y Luquin, p. 296.

[146] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 114, n. 18.

[147] Bibl. nationale de France, fonds espagnol 354, fol. 248-69.--Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XVI, art. iv.--Miscelanea de Zapata (Mem. hist. español, XI, 70).--Cipriano de Valera, Dos Tratados, p. 480 (Reformistas antiguos españoles).--Ribadeneira, Vit. Ign. Loyolæ, Lib. V, cap. 10.--Luigi de Granata, Vita di Giovanni d'Avila, p. 143 (Romæ, 1746).--Matute y Luquin, p. 18.--Simancæ de Cath. Institt. Tit. XXI, n. 24.

A French translation of the sentence and confession has been printed by M. Campan, in the appendix to the _Mémoires de Francisco de Enzinas_.

[148] Godoy Alcántara, Historia de los falsos Cronicones, p. 2.--Cf. V. de la Fuente, Hist. ecles., III, 255.

[149] Relatione del Miracolo delle Stimmate, venute nuovamente ad una Monacha dell' Ordine di S. Domenico, in Portogallo, nella Città di Lisbona.--Bologna, 1584.--Printed also in Rome and in Verona.

[150] Cipriano de Valera, Enjambre de falsos Milagros, pp. 564, sqq. Usoz y Rio, in his notes to this reprint, in his _Reformistas antiguos_, says that Valera's versions are faithfully made from "Les grands Miracles et les Tressainctes Plaies advenuz à la R. Mère Prieure du Monasteire de l'Anonciade." A Paris par Jean Bressant, 1586.

[151] Cipriano de Valera, pp. 575-80.--Páramo, pp. 233-4, 302-4.

In 1650, Padre Diego Tello, S. J., in an opinion given to the Granada tribunal alludes to the political objects of Sor María's impostures, as though it was a well-known fact.--MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.

[152] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 700.

[153] Ibidem, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 113, n. 6.

[154] Cartas de Jesuitas (Mem. hist. español, XIII, 49, 51).

[155] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 111, fol. 127.

[156] MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch. S., 130.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. XXI, § 7.

[157] Cartas de Jesuitas (_op. cit._, XIII, 42, 51, 457).--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 17.

[158] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xxi, § 5.

[159] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[160] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 405, n. 66.

[161] Olmo, Relacion, pp. 201-3, 240.

[162] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. XI.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[163] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[164] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[165] Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 405.--MSS. of Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, T. 4, n. 56.--Cartas del Filósofo rancio. II, 495 (Madrid, 1824).

[166] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

[167] Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XLIII, art. iv, n. 1.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 115, n. 25; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

By edict of June 23, 1805, all writings in which credit of any kind was given to the favors which the beata pretended to have received from heaven were absolutely prohibited.--Suplemento al Indice expurgatorio, p. 25 (Madrid, 1805).

[168] Llorente, _loc. cit._, n. 2.--Archivo, hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

[169] Extracto de la Causa seguida á Sor Patrocinio (Madrid, 1865).

[170] Revista Cristiana, Marzo-Abril, 1891 (Madrid).

Spain is by no means the only seat of these manifestations. In 1848 there was at Niederbronn, near Strassburg, a bride of Christ named Elizabeth Eppinger who, though denied the supreme favor of the stigmata, had trances and visions and the gift of prophecy. She founded the Order of _Filles du Redempteur_, over which she presided as Soeur Alphonse.--Abbé Busson, Lettres sur l'Extatique de Niederbronn (Besançon, 1849-53).

The grace of the stigmata is likewise not uncommon. About 1825 there flourished Katharine Emmerich, the nun of Dülmen, and contemporary with her were three girls in Tyrol, Maria von Mörl, Domenica Lazzari and Crescenzia Nicklutsch, all of whom enjoyed also the customary visions and ecstasies. The learned Joseph Görres was one of the believing pilgrims who put on record his experiences. At the same time Provence boasted of a similar _beata_, Madame Miollis, known as the _stigmatisée du Var_, at Villecroze.--Die Tyrolen ekstasischen Jungfrauen (Regensburg, 1843).--Nicolas, L'extatique et les stigmatisées du Tyrol (Paris, 1844).--Boré, Les stigmatisées du Tyrol, 2^{e}. Ed. (Paris, 1846).

The more recent case of Louise Lateau, in Belgium, is well known. All this, however, is trivial in comparison with the development of stigmatisation among the followers of Pierre-Michel Vintras, in France. In 1850 it was reckoned that no less than three hundred were favored with this distinguishing mark of divine approval.--André, Affaire Rose Tamisier, p. 5 (Carpentras, 1851).

[171] S. Th. Aquin. Summæ Suppl. Q. VIII, art. 4.--Astesani Summæ, Lib. V, Tit. xiii, Q. 2.--Summa Sylvestrina s. v. CONFESSOR, I, §§ 10-11.

[172] Guidonis de Monte Rocherii Manip. Curator. P. II, Tract, iii, cap. 9.

[173] S. Antonini Summæ, P. III, Tit. xiv, cap. 19, § 8.

[174] S. Th. Aquin. in IV Sentt., Dist. XIX, Q. 1, art. 3.--Joh. Friburgens. Summæ Confessor., Lib. III, Tit. xxxiv, Q. 65.

[175] Burriel, Vidas de los Arzobispos de Toledo (Bibl. nacional, MSS. Ff, 194, fol. 9).

[176] Concil. Valentin, ann. 1565, Tit. ii, cap. 17 (Aguirre, V, 417).--C. Mediolanensis I, ann. 1565, cap. 6 (Harduin. X, 653).--C. Provin. Mediolanens. IV, ann. 1576 (Acta Eccles. Mediolanens. I, 146).--Rituale Roman., Tit. iii, cap. 1.

[177] MSS. of David Fergusson, Esq.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 39, Leg. 4, fol. 34, 55, 81.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 236, 237.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., PV, fol. C, 17, n. 38.

[178] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 6, fol. 9.

[179] Gratiani Decret. Caus. xxx, q. i, can. 8, 9, 10.--Constitt. R. Poore, cap. 9 (Harduin. VII, 91).

[180] Salcedo, Practica criminalis canonica, p. 276 (Compluti, 1587).

For an instructive sketch of Ghiberti by Miss M. A. Tucker, see English Hist. Review, Jan.-July, 1903.

[181] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 233, n. 100.

[182] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 231, n. 71.

[183] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 374.

[184] Pauli PP. IV Bull. _Cum sicut nuper_, 16 Apr., 1559 (Bullar. Roman. II, 48).

[185] Páramo, p. 880.

[186] Pii PP. IV, Const. 51, _Pastoris æterni_, 1 Apr. 1562. It is perhaps suggestive that in the Luxemburg Bullarium (III, 71) the omission of the word _non_ completely reverses the purport of the brief. It will be found correctly printed in Cherubini's edition.

[187] Páramo, p. 881.

[188] Pauli PP. V, Const. _Cum sicut nuper_, 16 Sept. 1608 (Trimarchi de Confessario abutente etc. Tractat., pp. 7, 10.--Genuæ, 1636).--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465. fol. 16.

[189] Trimarchi, pp. 10, 11.

[190] Bullar. Roman. III, 484.--Trimarchi, pp. 14-18.

[191] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Lib. VIII de autos, Leg. 2, fol. 114.

[192] Ant. de Sousa, Opusc. circa Constit. Pauli V, Tract. I, cap. 20.

[193] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 371.--Archivo hist. nacional, _ubi sup._

[194] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 212; Gracia y Justicia, Inq., Leg. 631, fol. 27.

[195] MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch, S, 130.

[196] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 6, fol. 274, 393.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

The clause concerning solicitation in the Edict of Faith, published at Valencia, Feb. 24, 1630, shows this and also the devices used to elude the technical definition of the offence. "Or, whether any confessor or confessors, clerics or religious of whatever station pre-eminence or condition, in the act of confession or immediately before or after it, or with occasion or appearance of confession, although there is no opportunity and no confession may have followed, but in the confessional or any place where confessions are made, or which is destined for that purpose, when the impression is produced that confession is being made or heard, have solicited or attempted to solicit any one, inducing or provoking them to foul and indecent acts, whether between the penitent and confessor or others, or have held indecent and illicit conversation with them. And we exhort and order all confessors to admonish their penitents, whom they understand to have been solicited, of the obligation to denounce the solicitors to this Holy Office, which has exclusive cognizance of this crime."--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Lib. 7 de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 114.

[197] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Lib. 7 de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 114.

[198] "Cuyo conocimiento pertenece al Santo Oficio de la Inquisition, sin embargo del Breve de la Santidad de Gregorio XV expedido en treinta de Agusto de 1622 años, por declaracion suya, para las Inquisiciones de los Reynos de su Magestad, toca privativamente el castigo de este delito al Santo Oficio y no á los obispos ni á sus vicarios, provisores ni ordinarios."--Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, p. 148.

[199] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 28, fol. 246; Lib. 890.

[200] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 942, fol. 23, 31; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.--It is scarce worth while to refer to the wild story of Gonzáles de Móntes (Inquis. hist. artes detectæ, p. 185) that in Seville this brought in so many denunciations that twenty secretaries and as many inquisitors were unable to take them down within the thirty days allowed and that four prolongations of the time were required.

[201] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 216, n. 60.

[202] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1665, fol. 16; Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 942, fol. 31.

[203] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 254.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 83, fol. 25.

The Roman Inquisition tardily followed the example of the Spanish in a decree of 1677.--Berardi de Sollicitatione et Absolutione Complicis, p. 6 (Faventiæ, 1897).

[204] "La experiencia acredita que muchos contestes, singularmente mugeres y en causas de solicitacion, nada declaran, ya por miedo, ya por vergüenza, ya por una falsa caridad, de que tiene el Santo Oficio freqüentes y lastimosas experiencias."--Instrucion que han de guardar los Comisarios, n. 21.

[205] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 227, n. 7.

[206] Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 15.

[207] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 371.

[208] Bibl. nacional, MSS., B, 159, fol. 161-2. For various speculations on the subject see Rod. a Cunha pro PP. Pauli V Statuto, Q. xix (Benavente, 1611).--Ant. de Sousa Opusc. circa Constit. Pauli V, Tract. ii, cap. 7-10.

[209] Card. Cozza, Dubia selecta circa Solicitationem, Dub. XLII (Lovanii, 1750).

[210] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46.

[211] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. XX.

[212] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 264.

[213] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.--MSS. of Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 223, Exp^{te} 5270.

[214] Rod. a Cunha, Q. XIV, XV.--Ant. de Sousa, Tit. I, cap. 19.--Matteucci Cautela Confessarii, Lib. I, cap. 5, n. 3 (Venetiis, 1710).--Cozza, Dub. XVII.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. XX.

[215] Ant. de Sousa, Tract. I, cap. XV.

[216] There were many probabilist authorities who held that the fact that such acts as kissing, pressing the hands, handling the breasts, etc., were committed in the confessional did not change them from venial to mortal sins. See Del Bene de Officio S. Inquis. P. II, Dub. 237, Sect. 3, n. 3 (Lugduni, 1666). Cf. Cozza, Dub. III, n. 18.

In 1743 a lively controversy arose between the rigorists and the Jesuits over the _Tatti mammillari_ caused by a proposition of Father Benzi S. J. that stroking the cheeks of nuns and handling their breasts were venial, when unaccompanied with depraved intentions.--Concina, Explicazione di quattro Paradossi, cap. 1 § 1 (Lucca, 1746).

[217] Cozza, Dub. III, IV, V.--Fran. Bordoni Sacrum Tribunal Judicum, cap. XXIII, n. 53-61 (Romæ, 1648); Ejusd. Manuale Consultorum, Sect, XXV, n. 91 (Romæ, 1693).

[218] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46, fol. 26.

[219] Rod. a Cunha, Q. XVII.--Ant. de Sousa, Tract. I, cap. xiv.--Jo. Sánchez, Disputationes Selectæ, Disp. XI, n. 43, 44 (Ludguni, 1636).

[220] Rod. a Cunha, Q. XIV.--Ant. de Sousa, Tract. I, cap. xi.--Cozza, Dub. XXXVII.--Trimarchi, p. 160.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., B, fol. 160.

[221] Trimarchi, p. 145.--Cozza, Dub. XXXVIII.

[222] Páramo, p. 886.

[223] A Cunha, Q. IX, XI.--De Sousa, Tract. I, cap. vi, vii, xvii.--Alberghini Manuale Qualificatorum, cap. XXXI, § 1, n. 10, 11, 17.--Trimarchi, pp. 193, 199, 2O1, 212.--Cozza, Dub. IX, X, XI.--Bodoni Manuale, Sect. XXV, n. 169--Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. XX, §§ 5, 10.

[224] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 376.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Registro de Solicitantes, A, 7, fol. 2 (Lib. 1002, fol. 2).

[225] The more important of these decisions were--

3 There is no _parvitas materiæ_ in solicitation.

8 When the solicitation is mutual, the confessor is to be denounced.

9 A confessor yielding to solicitation through fear is to be denounced.

10 Solicitation in other sacraments does not fall within the papal bulls.

11 Solicitation to other than carnal sins during confession does not require denunciation.

12 When a confessor praises the beauty of a penitent, if the praise is serious and without evil intention, he is not liable to denunciation; if otherwise, he is.

13 If a confessor sitting in a confessional solicits a woman standing before him without pretext of confession he is probably not liable to denunciation.

14 A confessor who makes during confession a present to the penitent, without evil intention is not liable to denunciation; otherwise he is.--Berardi de Sollicitatione, p. 5.

[226] Bullar. Roman. T. VI, Append. p. 1.

[227] Bullar. Benedicti PP. XIV, T. I, p. 23-4.

[228] Bullar. Roman. _ubi sup._

[229] Bullar. Benedicti PP. XIV, _loc. cit._

[230] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.

[231] Joh. Sánchez Disputt. Select., Disp. xi, n. 3, 4.--Juan Sánchez was one of the laxer moral theologians of the seventeenth century, some of whose propositions incurred papal censure, but this escaped. Hurter characterizes him as "in morum doctrina versatissimus."--Nomenclator Theol. Cathol. I, 414.

[232] Ant. de Sousa, Tract. II, cap. XX.--Berardi de Sollicitatione, p. 129.--Il Consulente Ecclesiastico, Vol. IV, p. 19 (1899).--S. Alph. de Ligorio Theol. Moral. Lib. VII, n. 519. Podestà, however, tells us that in his time, in the diocese of Naples, it was reserved to the bishop.--Examen ecclesiasticum, T. II, n. 601 (Venetiis, 1728).

[233] Proceso contra el Dr. Pedro Mendizabal (MS. _penes me_).

[234] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 228, n. 18.

[235] Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46, fol. 32.

[236] Berardi, _op. cit._, pp. 36-7.

[237] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Logroño, Procesos de fe, Leg. 1.

[238] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. XXI, § 6.

[239] Ibidem, cap. XX, § 3.--De Sousa, Aphorism. Lib. I, cap. xxxiv, n. 40.--Alberghini, Man. Qualificator. cap. xxxi, § 1, n. 19.

[240] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1006, fol. 25.

[241] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 227, n. 4.

[242] Ibidem, Leg. 1.

[243] Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 79.

[244] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 66.

[245] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 23; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

[246] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 942, fol. 38; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

[247] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 264.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 52.

[248] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

[249] Ibidem, Lib. 890.

[250] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 941, fol. 2; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 254.

[251] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 942, fol. 45; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

[252] Páramo, p. 875.

[253] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

[254] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 342.--De Sousa, Opusc. circa Constit. Pauli V, Tract. II, cap. 13, 21; Ejusd. Aphor. Inquis. Lib. 1, cap. xxxiv, n. 64, 65.--Alberghini, Man. Qualif. cap. xxxi, § 2, n. 3, 4.--Bibl. nacional MSS., V, 377, cap. xx, 9.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 61; Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 498.--MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 423.

[255] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 876, fol. 208.

[256] Bodoni Man. Consultorum, pp. 224, 232, 235.--Cf. Trimarchum pp. 288-92.

[257] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, pp. 386-7.

[258] Cozza, _op. cit._, Dub. XIV. This is still the rule. See Concil. Plenar. Americæ Latinæ, ann. 1899, Append, CXXXII, T. II, p. 761 (Romæ, 1900).

[259] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299.

[260] Ibidem, Leg. 228, n. 24.

[261] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1473 (Cartilla de Comisarios, §§ ix, x).--Ibidem, Lib. 890, fol. 156.

[262] Ibidem, Lib. 83, fol. 25.

[263] MSS. of Bibl. nacional, de Lima, Protocolo 233, Exp^{te} 5270.

[264] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

[265] Páramo, p. 879.

[266] A Cunha, _op. cit._, Q. XXIII.--De Sousa, _op. cit._, Tract. II, cap. 12.

[267] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 1.

[268] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xx.--In modern practice, under the regulations issued by the Roman Inquisitors, in 1867, a first and a second denunciation only cause the accused to be watched and a third one is necessary to justify action.--Berardi, p 126.

[269] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365.