Chapter XLVI: Appendix: I (9)

[1123] Aspilcueta de Oratione, cap. v, n. 25-35.

It was not until 1772 that Carlos III prohibited, in the churches of Madrid, the dances and _gigantones_ and _tarascas_, or great pasteboard figures of giants and serpents, in the processions, as causing disorder and interfering with devotion; and in 1780 this was extended over the whole kingdom.--Novís. Recop., Lib. I, Tit. i, ley 12.

[1124] Santos, El no Importe, pp. 107-31.--For a similar description by Juan de Zabaleta see his "El dia de fiesta," Obras, p. 166 (Madrid, 1728). The _El no Importe_ was reprinted in 1787.

These profanities were not confined to Spain and were condemned by the Council of Tours in 1583 and by Archbishop Precipiano of Mechlin, in 1700.--Concil. Turonens., ann. 1583, Tit. xv (Harduin X, 1424).--(Collect. Synod. Mechlin., II, 436).

[1125] Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds Dupuy, no. 589, fol. 30.

[1126] Relacion del Auto de fe de 1733. Discurso isagogico, § 2 (Lima, 1733).

[1127] P. Ricardo Cappa, S. J., La Inquisicion española, Madrid, 1888.

[1128] Don A. Rodríguez Villa has printed the essential portions of this memorial in the _Boletin_ for July--September 1906, pp. 87-103. It is anonymous and without date, though he tells us that a note on the MS., in a contemporary hand, attributes it to P. Hernando de Salazar or to D. Diego Serrano de Silva, of the Suprema. It is unquestionably by a member of the Suprema, for no one else would have such knowledge of the internal affairs of the Inquisition or discourse of them so freely, even to the sovereign. Allusion to the successes of the Dutch in Brazil assign it to the time, between 1620 and 1630, when there was so much discussion as to the Portuguese New Christians (see Vol. III, p. 275), to which this paper was doubtless a contribution.

[1129] Oligarquía y Caciquismo, pp. 22, 679 (Madrid, 1903).

[1130] Doctor Madrazo, while deploring the antinational policy of the ecclesiastical establishment, bears emphatic testimony to the individual virtues of the clergy, regular and secular and their efforts to realize, each in his own sphere, the ideal of Christianity. He attributes their influence on Spanish policy to the power possessed by the papacy of precipitating through them at any moment a Carlist revolt.--El Pueblo español ha muerto? pp. 140-6 (Santander, 1903).

In a very thoughtful paper, Professor Rafael Altamira and his colleagues of the University of Oviedo allude to the theocratic reaction which opposes all progress in the direction of toleration and culture and which threatens a civil war that would be the end of Spain.--Oligarquía y Caciquismo, p. 192.

[1131] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, p. 371; T. V, p. 288.--Spicilegio Vaticano, I, 461.--Relazioni Lucchese, p. 21.

[1132] Ortí y Lara, La Inquisicion, p. xiv.--Macias Picavea, El Problema, p. 229.

[1133] This is largely the case in the detail often given of the practices of sorcery. For these there might be some excuse offered, but there is none when wholly superfluous descriptions are included of vice too nauseous to bear transcription.

[1134] Corella, Praxis Confeseionis, P. II, Perorat. n. 3.--Picatoste, III, 113-23, 158, 162.--Villa, La Corte y Monarquía, p. xvi.

[1135] Chapters from the Religious History of Spain, p. 102.

[1136] Döllinger u. Reusch, Moral-Streitigkeiten, I, 319.

[1137] For this social anarchy see Picatoste, III, 86-9.

[1138] Roda, Dictamen á una Consulta (MS. _penes me_).

[1139] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 69, fol. 2, 8.

[1140] Corpo Diplomatico Portugues, III, 247.

[1141] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. II, p. 40; T. III, p. 252; T. V, pp. 22, 83, 144, 288, 392, 485; T. VI, pp. 367, 412.

[1142] Erasmi Epistolæ, Auctarium, p. 114 (Londoni, 1642).

[1143] Mariana, Hist. de España, Lib. XXIV, cap. xvii.

[1144] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Barcelona, Córtes, Leg. 17, fol. 74.

[1145] Historia verdadera, III, 509.

[1146] Die Kirchengeschichte von Spanien, Bd. III, Abt II, p. 74.--Cf. Hefele, Der Cardinal Ximenes, pp. 327 sqq.

Father Gams exposes his ignorance when he tells us that he excludes the burnings for other crimes than heresy, as if there were such, except the rare cases of unnatural crime in Aragon. He even implies that the Inquisition burnt for usury and smuggling.

[1147] Hist. crít., T. IX, pp. 209, 211, 213, 214 (Madrid, 1822).

The total of Llorente's extravagant guesses, from the foundation of the Inquisition to 1808, is:

Burnt in person 31,912 Burnt in effigy 17,659 Heavily penanced 291,450 ------- 341,021

Hist. crít, IX, 233.

This is slightly modified by Gallois in his abridgement of Llorente's work (Histoire abregée de la Inquisition d'Espagne, 6^{e} Ed., p. 351-2, Paris, 1828). He gives the figures:

Burnt alive 34,658 Burnt in effigy 18,049 Condemned to galleys or prison 288,214 ------- 340,921

It will be observed that Gallois unscrupulously classifies all personal relaxations as burnings alive and all penances as galleys or prison.

[1148] Hist. de los Judíos de España, III, 492-3.

[1149] Procedimientos de la Inquisicion, I, 116-17 (Madrid, 1886).

[1150] Pulgar, Cronica, P. II, cap. lxxvii.

[1151] L. Marinæi Siculi de Reb. Hispan., Lib. XIX.--Illescas, Hist. Pontifical, P. II, Lib. VI, c. xix.--Mariana, Hist. de España, Lib. XXIV, cap. xvii.--Páramo, p. 139.--Garibay, Comp. Hist., Lib. XVIII, cap. xvii.

[1152] Hist. de los Reyes Católicos, cap. xliv.

[1153] Zuñiga, Annales de Sevilla, año 1524, n. 3--Varflora, Compendio de Sevilla, P. II, cap. 1.

[1154] Bernáldez, _ubi sup._

[1155] Lalaing, Voyage de Philippe le Beau (Gachard, Voyages des Souverains, I, 203).

[1156] Zurita, Añales, Lib. XX, cap. xlix. The fact that so careful an historian as Zurita, who sought everywhere for documentary evidence, had no official statistics to cite shows that none such existed in the Suprema relating to the early years of the Inquisition.

[1157] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. II, p. 40.

[1158] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 262.--It is possible that these figures may be only of residents of Ciudad Real. Páramo (p. 170) states the numbers for the tribunal, during its two years of existence, at 52 relaxations in person, 220 in effigy and 183 reconciliations. The record just cited gives for Ciudad Real, from 1484 to 1531, 113 relaxed in person, 129 in effigy, 16 reconciled, 11 penanced, 19 absolved, 3 discharged on bail and 8 of which the sentence is not stated--all, apparently, residents of the town.

[1159] Relacion de la Inquisicion Toledana (Boletin, XI, 292 sqq).

The Córdova tribunal also burned 90 residents of Chillon, who had been duped by the prophetess of Herrera (Ibidem, p. 308).

[1160] Hist. crit., IX, 210.

[1161] See Appendix of Vol. I. It must be borne in mind that, in the early years, small autos were held elsewhere than in the centres. Thus, in the _Libro Verde_ there are allusions to them in Barbastro, Huesca, Monzon, Lérida and Tamarit (Revista de España, CVI, 250-1, 263-4, 266). The aggregate for these, however, would make little difference in the totals.

[1162] Libro Verde (Revista de España, CVI, 570-83). The relaxations by years were:

1483--1 1495--9 1512--4 1542--1 1485--4 1496--1 1520--1 1543--1 1486--26 1497--18 1521--2 1546--2 1487--25 1498--2 1522--1 1549--1 1488--13 1499--13 1524--1 1561--4 1489--2 1500--5 1526--1 1563--1 1490--1 1502--2 1528--2 1565--1 1491--10 1505--1 1534--1 1566--1 1492--15 1506--5 1535--1 1567--2 1493--11 1510--1 1537--1 1574--2 1494--1 1511--5 1539--1

The number in 1486-7-8 is attributable to the assassination of San Pedro Arbués.

[1163] Carbonell de Gestis Hæret. (Col. de Doc. de la C. de Aragon, XXVII, XXVIII).

[1164] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 98, 300.

[1165] Cronicon de Valladolid (Col. de Doc. inéd., XIII, 176-9, 187).

[1166] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 595.

[1167] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[1168] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[1169] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1020.

[1170] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

To illustrate the discrepancy between the facts as stated above and the reckless computations of Llorente, which have been so largely accepted, it may not be amiss to compare the facts with the corresponding figures resulting from his system of calculation, for the tribunals and periods named:

Records. Llorente. Toledo, 1483-1501. Relaxed in person 297 666 Relaxed in effigy 600 433 Imprisoned, about 200} Reconciled under edicts 5200} 6,200 Do. 1575-1610. Relaxed in person 11 252 Relaxed in effigy 15 120 Penanced 904 1,396 Do. 1648-1794. Relaxed in person 8 297 Relaxed in effigy 63 129 Penanced 1094 1,188 up to 1746. Saragossa, 1485-1502. Relaxed in person 124 584 Relaxed in effigy 32 392 Penanced 458 7,004 Barcelona, 1488-98. Relaxed in person 23 432 Relaxed in effigy 430 316 Imprisoned 116} Reconciled under edicts 304} 5,122 Valencia, 1485-1592. Relaxed in person 643 1,538 Relaxed in effigy 479 869 Tried 3104 16,677 penanced. Valladolid, 1485-92. Relaxed in person 50 424 Relaxed in effigy 6 312 Penanced ? 3,884 Majorca, 1488-1691. Relaxed in person 139 1,778 Relaxed in effigy 482 978 Penanced 975 17,861 All tribunals, 1721-27. Relaxed in person 77 238 Relaxed in effigy 74 119 Penanced 811 1,428

It will thus be seen how entirely fallacious was the guess-work on which Llorente based his system.

An even more conclusive comparison is furnished by the little tribunal of the Canaries. After 1524, Llorente includes it among the tribunals by which he multiplies the number of yearly victims assigned to each. He thus makes it responsible, from first to last, for 1118 relaxations in person and 574 in effigy. Millares (Historia de la Inquisicion en las Islas Canaries, III, 164-8) has printed the official list of the _quemados_ during the whole career of the tribunal, and they amount in all to eleven burnt in person and a hundred and seven in effigy. The number of the latter is accounted for by the fact that, to render its autos interesting, it was often in the habit of prosecuting _in absentia_ Moorish and negro slaves who escaped to Africa after baptism and who thus were constructively relapsed.

Dr. Schäfer (Beiträge, I, 157), after an exhaustive examination of the accessible records, has collected references to 2100 persons tried for Protestantism during the second half of the sixteenth century. Protestants were punished with special severity, but in these cases the total of relaxations in person was about 220 and in effigy about 120, and all these, as we have seen, were largely foreigners.

[1171] Bernáldez, Hist. de los Reyes Católicos, cap. xliv.

[1172] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 979, fol. 40.

[1173] Garau, La Fee triunfante, pp. 86, 91.

It should not be forgotten that it was only in 1790 that in England the burning of women for high and petty treason was commuted to drawing and hanging by 30 Geo. III, cap. 48 (Statutes at Large, XVI, 57).

[1174] Juan de Valera, Del Influjo de la Inquisicion (Disertaciones, p. 108).--Menéndez y Pelayo, II, 707.--Ortí y Lara, La Inquisicion, p. 270.--P. Ricardo Cappa, La Inquisicion española, p. 146.

[1175] Estudio del Maestre Nebrija, pp. 53-7, 97 (Madrid, 1879).

[1176] Historía de España, Prólogo.

[1177] Las Cinco Excelencias del Español, fol. 49, 52 (Pamplona, 1629).

[1178] See tracts by Laurean Pérez of Salamanca and Gerónimo López of Saragossa in Bodleian Library, A, Subt. 16.

[1179] Revista crítica de Historia y Literatura, T. VI, p. 6.

[1180] Ochoa, Epistolario español, II, 182.

[1181] Elógio de la Reina Católica Doña Isabel, p. 51 (Madrid, 1821.)

[1182] Del Influjo de la Inquisicion (Disertaciones, pp. 108, 121).

[1183] Strype's Memorials, II, 214-15.--Burnet's Reformation, Vol. II, Collections, n. 33.--XXIX Car. II, c. 9 (Statutes at Large, II, 390).

[1184] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 53.--MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 200.--See Appendix.

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Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:

Arcihvo de Simancas=> Archivo de Simancas {pg 25 n.}

The technicalties=> The technicalities {pg 115}

It if were religious=> If it were religious {pg 178}

Archvio de Simancas=> Archivo de Simancas {pg 304}

for a neice=> for a niece {pg 312}

pronouncd=> pronounced {pg 367}

After the battle of Liepzig=> After the battle of Leipzig {pg 419}

inquisitorial acivity=> inquisitorial activity {pg 501}

commerical era=> commericial era {pg 505}

Bernières-Louvigni, his Quietism, iv, 63=> Bernières-Louvigny, his Quietism, iv, 63 {pg 554 index}

conflicts of jurisdicition, i, 514=> conflicts of jurisdiction, i, 514 {pg 555 index}

Climent, Bp., of Barcelona, iv, 293=> Clíment, Bp., of Barcelona, iv, 293 {pg 561 index}

Días, Blanquina, case of, ii, 122=> Díaz, Blanquina, case of, ii, 122 {pg 567 index}

condemns the _Mistíca Ciudad_, iv, 40=> condemns the _Mística Ciudad_, iv, 40 {pg 579 index}