Chapter XXXVIII: Appendix: I (4)

[304] Coll. Doat, XXXI. 73; XXXII. 15, 105.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Odore suavi_, 13 Mai. 1256; Ejusd. Bull. _Catholicæ fidei_, 15 Jul. 1257; Ejusd. Bull. _Quod super nonnullis_, 9 Dec. 1257; Ejusd. Bull. _Meminimus_, 13 Apr. 1258.--Clem. PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, 30 Sept. 1265.--C. 1, 2, Clementin. v. 2.--Bern. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 114).

[305] Wadding, ann. 1323, No. 17; ann. 1327, No. 5; ann. 1339, No. 1; ann. 1347, No. 10, 11; ann. 1375, No. 30; ann. 1432, No. 10, 11; ann. 1474, No. 17-19.--Archivio di Firenze, Prov. del Convento di S. Croce 26 Ott. 1439.--Ripoll II. 324, 421, 570-1.--Sixti PP. IV. Bull. _Sacri_, 16 Jul. 1479, § 11.

[306] Eymeric. pp. 540-9, 553.--Archivio di Firenze, Prov. del. Conv. di. S. Croce, 16 Apr. 1418.

[307] Eymerici Direct. Inquis. p. 559.--Greg. PP. X. Bull. 20 Apr. 1273 (Martene Thes. V. 1821).--Zanchini de Hæret. c. viii.--Johann. PP. XXII, Bull. _Ex parte vestra_, 3 Jul. 1322 (Wadding. III. 291).--C. 16 Sexto V. 2.--C. 3 Extrav. Commun. V. 3.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 204).

[308] Pegnæ App. ad. Eymeric. pp. 66-7.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXXII. 143, 147).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 537-8.--Albert. Repert. Inq. Ed. 1494, s.v. _Delegatus_.--Franz Ehrle, Archiv für Litteratur-u. Kirchengeschichte, 1886, p. 158.--Lami, Antichità Toscane, p. 583.--Archivio di Firenze, Riformagioni, Classe V. No. 129, fol. 46, 62-70.--Martene Ampl. Collect. VI. 344.

[309] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 146. In the trial of Friar Bernard Délicieux, in 1319, it was held that he was guilty of "impeding" the Inquisition because, among other acts, he had been concerned in enlarging somewhat the powers of the agents appointed by the city of Albi to prosecute their appeal to Pope Clement V. against their bishop and inquisitor (Ib. fol. 165).

[310] Concil. Turonens. ann. 1239 c. 1.--C. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 1.--C. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 1, 21.--C. Insulan. ann. 1251 c. 2.--Tract. de Paup. de Lugduno (Martene Thesaur. V. 1793).

[311] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXXV. 85, 184).--Ripoll II. 299, 311; III. 135.

[312] D'Argentré, Collect. Judic. I. I. 185, 234.--Harduin. Concil. VII. 1065-8, 1864.--Capgrave's Chronicle, ann. 1286.--Nic. Trivetti Chron. ann. 1222 (D'Achery III. 188).--Bracton. Lib. III. Tit. ii. cap. 9, § 2.--Myrror of Justice, cap. I. § 4, cap. II. § 22; cap. IV. § 14.--5 Rich. II. c. 5.--Rymer's Fœdera, VII. 363, 447, 458.--2 Henr. IV. c. 15.--Concil. Oxoniens. ann. 1408 c. 13.--2 Henr. V. c. 7.--25 Henr. VIII. c. 14.--1 Edw. VI. c. 12, § 3.--1 Eliz. c. 1, § 15.--29 Car. II. c. 9.--London Athenæum, May 31, 1873; Nov. 29, 1884.

[313] Wright, Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler, Camden Soc. 1843.--Wadding. Annal. ann. 1317, No. 56; ann. 1335, No. 5, 6.--Theiner Monument. Hibern. et Scotor. No. 531-2, p. 269; No. 570-1, p. 286; No. 599, p. 299.

[314] Wadding. Annal. ann. 1421, No. 1.

[315] Paramo, pp. 252-3.--Monteiro, Historia da Santo Inquisição, P. I. Lib. I. c. 59.--Ripoll II. 299, 310; III. 9, 110.

[316] Wadding, ann. 1290, No. 2; ann. 1375, No. 27, 28.

It is worthy of note that in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem heresy seems to have been justiciable by the lay court, and the heretic knight was entitled to be judged by his peers.--Assises de Jerusalem, Haute Court, c. 318 (Ed. Kausler, Stuttgart, 1838, p. 367-8).

[317] Trésor des Chartes du Roi en Carcassonne (Doat, XXI. 34-49).--Lib. Confess. Inquis. Albiæ (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 11847).--Archives Nat. de France, J. 431, No. 22-29.--Vaissette, III. 446.--Coll. Doat, XXVII. 161.--Molinier, L'Inquisition dans le midi de la France, Paris, 1880, pp. 275-6.

[318] Mag. Bull. Roman. I. 122.--Wadding. Annal. ann. 1265, No. 3.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Coll. Doat, XXXII. 32).--Martene Thesaur. V. 1818--C. 17 Sexto v. 2.--C. 1 Extrav. Comm. v. 3.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 539, 580-1.--C. 1, § 1, Clement, v. 3.

Urban's bull of 1262 is virtually the same as his "_Præ cunctis_" of 1264, printed by Boutaric, Saint-Louis et Alph. de Toulouse, pp. 443 sqq.

[319] Vaissette, III. 515.--Archidiac. Gloss. sup. c. 17, 20 Sexto v. 2.--Harduin. VII. 1017-19.--C. 17, 19 Sexto v. 2.--C. 1, Clement, v. 3.--Concil. Melodun. ann. 1300, No. 4.--Bernard. Guidon. Hist. Conv. Albiens. (Bouquet, XXI. 767).--Albert. Repert. Inquis. s.v. _Episcopus_.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. I.--Ripoll I. 512; VII. 53.--Joann. Andreæ Gloss, sup. c. 13 § 8 Extra, v. vii.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 626, 637, 650.--C. 1 Extrav. commun. v. 3.--Bernard. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s.v. _Bona hæreticorum_.

As early as 1257 we find that the Inquisition had already extended its jurisdiction over usury as heresy (Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Quod super nonnullis_ [Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. Doat, XXXI. 244]--a bull which was repeatedly reissued. See Raynald. Annal. ann. 1258, No. 23; Potthast Regesta 17745, 18396; Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. Ed. Pegnæ, p. 133. Cf. c. 8 § 5 Sexto v. 2). The Council of Lyons, in 1274 (can. 26, 27), in treating of usury, alludes only to its punishment by the Ordinaries. The Council of Vienne, in 1311, directed inquisitors to prosecute those who maintained that usury is not sinful (c. 1 § 2 Clementin. v. 5); but Eymerich (Direct. Inquis. p. 106) deprecates attention to such matters as an interference with the real business of the Inquisition. Zanghino lays down the rule that a man may be a public usurer, or blasphemer, or fornicator without being a heretic, but if he, in addition, manifests contempt for religion by not frequenting divine service, receiving the sacrament, observing the fasts and other ordinances of the Church, he becomes suspect of heresy, and can be prosecuted by the inquisitors (Zanchini Tract. de Hæres. c. XXXV.).

We shall see that usury became a very profitable subject of exploitation by the Inquisition when the diminution of heresy deprived it of its legitimate field of action. As the offence was one cognizant by the secular courts (see Vaissette, IV. 164), there was really no excuse for the exercise of spiritual jurisdiction over it.

[320] Coll. Doat, XXVII. 7; XXXIV. 87.--Concil. Bergamens. ann. 1311, Rubr. 1.--MSS. Bib. Nat. Coll. Moreau. 1274, fol. 72.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan, pp. 268, 282, 351-2.

[321] W. Preger, Meister Eckart und die Inquisition, München, 1869.--Denifle, Archiv für Litteratur-und Kirchengeschichte, 1886, pp. 616, 640.--Raynald. ann. 1329, No. 70-2.--Gustav Schmidt, Päbstliche Urkunden und Regesten, Halle, 1886, p. 223.--Cf. Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 453 sqq.

The power of the Inquisition over the specially exempted orders of the Mendicants varied at times. Jurisdiction was conferred by Innocent IV., in 1254, by the bull _Ne comissum vobis_ (Ripoll I. 252). About two hundred years later, Pius II. placed the Franciscans under the jurisdiction of their own minister-general. In 1479 Sixtus IV., by the golden bull _Sacri prædicatorum_, § 12, forbade all inquisitors from prosecuting members of the other Order (Mag. Bull. Roman. I. 420). Soon afterwards Innocent VIII. prohibited all inquisitors from trying Franciscan friars; but, with the rise of Lutheranism, this became inexpedient, and in 1530 Clement VII., in the bull _Cum sicut_, § 2, removed all exemptions, and again made all justiciable by the Inquisition (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 681), which was repeated by Pius IV. in the bull _Pastoris æterni_, in 1562 (Eymeric. Direct. Inq. Append. p. 127; Pegnæ Comment. p. 557).

Whether a bishop could proceed against an inquisitor for heresy was a debatable question, and one probably never practically tested. Eymerich holds that he could not, but must refer the matter to the pope; but Pegna, in his commentaries, quotes good authorities to the contrary (Eymeric. op. cit. pp. 558-9).

[322] Concil. Parisiens, ann. 1350 c. 3, 4.--Arch, de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXV. 132).--Archives de l'Évêché d'Albi (Doat, XXXV. 187).--Eymerici Direct. Inquis. p. 529.--Sprengeri Mall. Maleficar. P. III. Q. 1.--Ripoll II. 311, 324, 351.--Cornel. Agrippæ de Vanitate Scientiarum, cap. XCVI. Yet a bull of Nicholas V. to the inquisitor of France in 1451 seems to render him independent of episcopal co-operation (Ripoll III. 301).

[323] C. 17 Sexto v. 2.--See the "Modus examinandi hæreticos" printed by Gretser (Mag. Bib. Patrum XIII. 341) prepared for a German episcopal Inquisition.

[324] Coll. Doat, XXXVII. 7; XXIX. 5.

[325] Coll. Doat, XXX. 132; XXXII. 155.

[326] Coll. Doat, XXXV. 18.

[327] Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. _ad finem_ (Doat, XXX.). This sketch of the model inquisitor seems to have been a favorite. I find it in another MS. _Tractatus de Inquisitione_ (Doat, XXXVI.).

[328] Gregor. PP. IX. Bull. _Ille humani generis_, 20 Mai. 1236 (Eymeric. App. p. 3).--Vaissette, III. 410-11.--Guill. Pod. Laur. c. 43.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append, c. 1.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 5).--Raynald. ann. 1243, No. 31.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Quia sicut_, 19 Nov. 1247 (Potthast 12766.--Doat, XXXI. 112).--Ejusd. Bull. _Ad extirpanda_ § 31.--Anon. Passaviens. (Mag. Bib. Pat. XIII. 308).--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1809-11).--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Cupientes_, 4 Mart. 1260 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 119).--Ripoll I. 128.--Guill. Pelisso Chron. Ed. Molinier, p. 27.--Bernardi Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 407-9.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 220.

[329] Guill. Pod. Laur. c. 43.--Vaissette, III. 402, 403, 404; Pr. 386.--Raynald. ann. 1243, No. 31.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 1.--Concil, Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 2, 5.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. circa 1245 (Doat, XXXI. 5).--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. IT.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymerici Direct. Inquis. pp. 407-9.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 227-8).--Archivio Storico Italiano, 1865, No. 38, pp. 16-17.

[330] B. Guidon, loc. cit--Ripoll I. 46.

[331] C. 2 Clement, v. iii.--Bern. Guidon Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 117, 128).--Ripoll II. 610.--In 1431 Eugenius IV. dispensed with the rule in the case of an inquisitor appointed in his thirty-sixth year (Ripoll III. 9).

[332] Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 4.--Molinier, pp. 129, 131, 281-2.--Hauréau, Bernard Délicieux, p. 20.--Wadding. Annal. ann. 1261, No. 2.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Ne catholicæ fidei_, 26 Oct. 1262.--Bernardi Guidonis Practica, P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymerici Direct. Inq. p. 557, 577.--Archivio di Napoli, MSS. Chioccarello T. VIII.; Ibid. Registro 6, Lett. D. f. 35.

[333] C. 11, 19, 20 Extra I. 29.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 3.--Coll. Doat, XXV. 230.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, 20 Mart. 1262.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. IV.--C. 11 Sexto v. 2.--C. 2 Clement. v. 3.--Bernardi Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymerici Direct, pp. 403-6.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxx.

It is not easy to understand why, in 1276, the Lombard Inquisitors Frà Niccolò da Cremona and Frà Daniele Giussano assembled experts in Piacenza to determine whether they had power to appoint delegates, when the question was decided in the negative (Campi, Dell' Historia Ecclesiastica di Piacenza, P. II. p. 308-9).

[334] Archives de l'Évêché d'Albi (Doat, XXXV. 136, 187).--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. XV.--Eymerici Direct. p. 407.

[335] Coll. Doat, XXII. 237 sqq.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, 30 Mai. 1254.--Bernardi Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Clement PP. IV. Bull. _Prœ cunctis_, 23 Feb. 1266.--C. 11, § 1 Sexto v. 2.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 4.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Prœ cunctis_, 9 Nov. 1256.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXIV. 11).--Molinier, L'Inquis. dans le midi de la France, pp. 219, 287.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 426.

[336] Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Licet_ _ex omnibus_, ann. 1263, §§ 6, 7, 8 (Mag. Bull. Roman. I. 122).--C. 1 § 3 Clement v. 3.--Coll. Doat, XXX. 109-10.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 550.

The peculiar importance attached to the notariate and the limitations imposed on its membership are seen in the papal privileges issued for the appointment of notaries. Thus there is one of November 27, 1295, by Boniface VIII. to the Archbishop of Lyons authorizing him to create five; one of January 28, 1296, to the Bishop of Arras to create three, and one of January 22, 1296, to the Bishop of Amiens to create two. (Thomas, Registres de Boniface VIII., I. No. 640 _bis_, 660, 678 _bis_.)

In 1286 the Provincial of France complained to Honorius IV. of the scarcity of notaries in that kingdom, and was authorized to create two (Ripoll II. 16).

[337] Guill. Pelisso Chron. Ed. Molinier p. 28.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 6.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 31, 37.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 21.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Licet vobis_, 7 Dec. 1255; Ejusd. Bull. _Prœ cunctis_, 9 Nov. 1255, 13 Dec. 1255.--Lib. Sentt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 198-9.--Coll. Doat, XXXIV. 104.

[338] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXXIV. 123).--Ripoll I. 356, 396.--Vaissette, III. 406; Pr. 467.--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 105, 149.--Molinier, p. 35.--Bern. Guidon. Hist. Conv. Carcass, (D. Bouquet, XXI. 743).--Lib. Sententt. Inquis. Tolos. p. 232.

[339] Paramo de Orig. Offic. S. Inquis. p. 102.--Pegnæ Comment, in Eymeric. p. 584.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 70; XXXII. 143).

[340] Statuta Pistoriensia, c. 109 (Zachariæ Anect. Med. Ævi, p. 23).--Lib. Juris civilis Veronæ, ann. 1228, c. 104, 183 (Veronæ, 1728).--Statut. criminal. Communis Bononiæ, Ed. 1525, fol. 36 (cf. Barbarano de' Mironi, Hist. Eccles. di Vicenza, II. 69).--Antiqua Ducum Mediolan. Decreta (Ed. 1654, p. 95).--Statuta Criminalia Mediolani, Bergomi, 1594, cap. 127.--Actes du Parl. de Paris, I. 257.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 610.

[341] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXXI. 81).--Archivio di Napoli, MSS. Chioccarello T. VIII.; Registro 3, Lett. A, fol. 64; Registro 6, Lett. D, fol. 35.--Coll. Doat, XXX. 119-20.--C. 2 Clement, v. 3.--Johann. PP. XXII. Bull. _Exegit ordinis_, 2 Mai. 1321.--Archivio di Firenze, Riformagioni, Archiv. Diplom. XXVII., LXXVIII.-IX.; Riform. Classe. II. Distinz. 1, No. 14.--Villani, Cronica, Lib. XII. c. 58.--Archivio di Venezia, Misti, Cons. X. Vol. XIII. p. 192; Vol. XIV. p. 29.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 374-5.--Bernard. Guidonis Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxxi.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, 1262 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 123).--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s.v. _Inquisitores_, No. 14.

For further authorities on the subject, see Farinacii de Hæresi Quæst. 182, No. 89-94.

[342] Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 7.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. 392-402.--Gloss. Hostiens. super. Cap _Excommunicamus_, § _Moneamus_.--Gloss. Joan. Andreæ sup. eod. loc.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 1, 7, 36, 39, 292.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 118).--Isambert, Anc. Loix Françaises, IV. 364-5.--Ogniben Andrea, I Guglielmiti del Secolo XIII., Perugia, 1867, p. 111.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Quæsivistis_, 28 Mai. 1260.

As in France the office of bailli was a purchasable one, while the incumbent was forbidden to sell it, it is evident that he would be loath to endanger its tenure by risking disobedience to inquisitorial demands.--Statuta Ludov. IX. ann. 1254, c. xxv.-vii. (Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VIII. 1349).

[343] Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. 5.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 226, 308.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 8.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 34.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 223-4).

[344] C. 1, § 1, Clement v. 3.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 580.--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 57.--Bernardi Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Coll. Doat, XXX. 104.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. passim, especially pp. 208-10.--Ibid. p. 300.--Archivio Storico Italiano, No. 38, p. 26 sqq.--Curiosità di Storia Subalpina, 1874, p. 215.

[345] Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Cupientes_, 15 Apr. 1255.--Ejusd. Bull. _Præ cunctis_, 9 Nov. 1256.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, § 10, 1262 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 122).--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Zanchini de Hæret. c. XV.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisitor, s. v. _Advocatus_.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 143; XXVII. 156-62, 232; XXXI. 139.--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1795).--Tractatus de Inquis. (Doat, XXXVI.).--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 205.

[346] Coll. Doat, XXVII. 118, 140, 156, 162.

[347] Coll. Doat, XXVII. 118, 131, 133.--Eymerici Direct. Inq. p. 630.--Bernard. Comens. Lucerna Inquisitor. s. v. _Advocatus_.

[348] Lami, Antichità Toscane, pp. 557-9.--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 139.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Prœ cunctis_, § 15, 9 Nov. 1256.

[349] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 503-12.--Doctrina de modo Procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1795-6).--Tract. de Paup. de Lugduno (Ib. 1792).--Lib. Sententt. Inquis. Tolosan. pp. 1, 6, 39, 98.

[350] Lib. Sententt. Inquis. Tolosan. pp. 37, 39-93, 99-175, 178-9.

[351] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 252-4.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 11847 _ad finem_.--Arch. de l'Inquis. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 83, 94-5).--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. v.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Cupientes_, 4 Mart. 1260.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, § 11, 1262.--Ejusd. Bull. _Prœ cunctis_, 2 Aug. 1264.--C. 2 Sexto v. 2.--Bern. Guidon Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. viii.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 20.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 461-5.

[352] Archivio di Napoli, Registro 3, Lett. A, fol. 64.--Wadding. ann. 1359, No. 1-3.

[353] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 350-1.

[354] Ripoll I. 285.

[355] Ripoll I. 434.--Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. pp. 406-7.--Wadding. Annal. Regest. Nich. PP. III. No. 10.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXII. 101).--Raynald. ann. 1278, No. 78.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 218.

[356] Paramo de Orig. Offic. S. Inquis. pp. 124-5.--Wadding. Annal. ann. 1294, No. 1.--Milman, Latin Christianity, IV. 487.

[357] Arch. de l'Inquis. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 5, 103).--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ix.

In the Cismontane Inquisition the preliminary oath seems only to pledge the accused to tell the truth as to himself and others (Eymeric. p. 421). In Italy, however, it was the more elaborate affair described in the text. In the trials of the Guglielmites at Milan, in 1300, the accused were, in addition, made to impose on themselves, in case of violating its pledges, a forfeit varying from ten to fifty imperial lire, to secure which they pledged to the inquisitor all their property, real and personal, and renounced all legal defence. Moreover, this pecuniary penalty was not to relieve them from the canonical punishment attendant upon the non-fulfilment of the obligations assumed. This, I presume, was the official formula customary in the Lombard Inquisition.--Ogniben Andrea, I Guglielmiti del Secolo XIII., Perugia, 1867, pp. 5-6, 13, 27, 35, 37, etc.

In some witch trials of 1474 in Piedmont the oath to tell the truth was enforced with excommunication and "_tratti di corde_," or infliction of the torture known as the strappado, varying from ten to twenty-five times--and also with pecuniary forfeits.--P. Vayra (Curiosità di Storia Subalpina, 1875, pp. 682, 693).

[358] Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ii.

[359] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 413-17.--Archivio di Napoli, Reg. 138, Lett. F, fol. 105.

To appreciate the contrast between the processes of the Inquisition and of the secular courts, it will suffice to allude to the practice of the latter in Milan in the first half of the fourteenth century. An accuser bringing a criminal action was obliged to inscribe himself and to furnish ample security that in case of failure he would undergo the fitting penalty and indemnify the accused for all expenses; in default of security he was to remain in jail until the end of the trial. The judge was, moreover, bound to render his decision within three months.

If the judge proceeded by inquisition he was obliged to give the accused notice in advance. The latter was entitled to counsel and to have the names and testimony of the witnesses communicated to him, and the judge was required, under a penalty of fifty lire, to complete the matter within thirty days.--Statuta Criminalia Mediolani, e tenebris in lucem edita, Bergami, 1594, c. 1-3, 153.

It is true that, under the influence of the Inquisition, the lay courts outgrew these wholesome provisions against injustice, but meanwhile it is important to bear them in mind when considering the secrecy, the delays, and the practical denial of justice in every way which characterized the proceedings against heretics. The gradual demoralization of the secular courts under these influences was a subject of complaint. In 1329 the consuls of Béziers represented to Philippe de Valois that his judges were neglecting to take from accusers proper security to indemnify the accused in case of the failure of the prosecution, and the king promptly ordered the abuse to be corrected.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 687.

[360] Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1805).--Molinier, L'Inquisition dans le midi de la France, pp. 186-7.

[361] Concil. Tolosan. ann. 1229 c. 10.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1244 c. 31.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 5.--Modus examinandi hæreticos (Mag. Bib. Patrum XIII. 341).--Joan. Andreæ Gloss. sup. c. 13 Sexto v. 2.--Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. p. 490.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s. vv. _Minor, Torturœ_ No. 33.

[362] C. 8 Extra II. 14.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 19.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 8; Append. c. 14.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. VI.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 143.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 382, 495, 528-31.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 175, 367-74.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ii., viii., ix.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 221.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. vv. _Contumax, Convincitur_.--Concil. Lateran. IV. ann. 1215 c. 28.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. II. p. 4.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 28.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Consultationi vestrœ_, 28 Mai. 1260.--C. 13 Extra. v. 38 (cf. Concil. Trident. Sess. 25 de Reform. c. 3).--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXXI. 83).--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Procedere_, No. 10.

[363] Muratori, Antiquitat. Ital. Dissert. 60.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxiv., xl.--Lami, Antichità Toscane, p. 497.

[364] Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Præ cunctis_, § 11, 9 Nov. 1256.--Ejusd. Bull. _Cupientes_, 10 Dec. 1257; 4 Mart. 1264.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, 1262 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 122).--Ejusd. Bull. _Præ cunctis_, 2 Aug. 1264.--Clement. PP. IV. Bull. _Præ cunctis_, 23 Feb. 1266.--C. 20 Sexto v. 2.--Joan. Andreæ Gloss. sup. cod.--C. 2 Clement. v. 11.--Bernardi Guidonis Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 583.

[365] Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1811-12).--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 16.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 156, 162, 178).--Bern. Guidon. Gravamina (Doat, XXX. 102).--Ejusd. Practica (Doat, XXIX. 94).--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 631-33.--Jacob. Laudens. Orat. ad Concil. Constant. (Von der Hardt. III. 60).--Paramo de Orig. Offic. S. Inquis. pp. 32-33.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ix.

[366] Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 413, 418, 423-4, 461-5, 521-4.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ix.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Impœnitens_.--Albertin. Repert. Inquis. s. v. _Cautio_.

The contrast between this and the secular jurisprudence of the thirteenth century is illustrated in the charter granted by Alphonse of Poitiers to the town of Auzon (Auvergne), about 1260. Any one accused of crime by common report could clear himself by his own oath and that of a single legal conjurator, unless there was a legitimate plaintiff or accuser; and no one could be tried by the inquisitorial process without his own consent.--Chassaing, Spicilegium Brivateuse, Paris, 1886, p. 92.

[367] Bernard. Guidon. Practica P. IV., v. (Doat, XXX.).--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append, c. 16.--Tractat. de Paup. de Lugdun. (Martene Thesaur. V. 1791-4).--Anon. Passaviens. (Mag. Bib. Pat. XIII. 308).--Const, xvi. Cod. I., v.--Molinier, L'Inquisition dans le midi de la France, p. 240.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. p. 147,--Epist. Petri Card. Alban. (Doat, XXXI. 5).--Bernard. Guidon. Gravamina (Doat, XXX. 114).

[368] Bernard. Guidon. Practica P. v.(Doat, XXX.).--Modus examinandi Hæreticos (Mag. Bib. Pat. XIII. 342).--Tractat. de Paup. de Lugd. (Martene Thesaur. V. 1793-4).--MS. Vatican, No. 8668(Ricchini, Prolog.ad Monetam, p. xxiii.).--Anon. Passav.(Mag. Bib. Pat. XIII. 301).--Molinier, L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, p. 234.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Quod super nonnullis_, § 10, 15 Dec. 1258.

[369] Tract, de Paup. de Lugduno (Martene Thes. V. 1792).--Cf. Bernard. Guidon. Practica P. v. (Doat, XXX.).

[370] Practica super Inquisitione (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 221).

[371] Tract. de Paup. de Lugduno (Martene Thesaur. V. 1793).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 433-4.--Modus examinandi Hæreticos (Mag. Bib. Pat. XIII. 341).

[372] Tract, de Paup. de Lugduno (Martene Thesaur. V. 1787-88).--Eymeric. p, 434.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXVII. 150).

[373] Wadding. Annal. ann. 1228, No. 45.--Nideri Formicar. Lib. III. c. 10.

[374] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. 514, 521.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 17.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Illius vicis_, 12 Nov. 1247.--Lib. Confess. Inq. Albiens. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 11847).--Bernard. Guidon. Practica P. v. (Doat, XXX.).--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1795).--Molinier, l'Inq. dans le midi de la France, p. 330.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXVII. 7 sqq.).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 22, 76, 102, 118-50, 158-62, 184, 216-18, 220-1, 228, 244-8, 266-7, 282-5.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXIV. 89).--Archives de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 45).--Coll. Doat, XXXIV. 189.

[375] Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 57).--Vaissette, III. Pr. 551-3.--Tract, de Paup. de Lugd. (Martene Thesaur. V. 1787).--Joann. Andreæ Gloss, sup. c. 1, Clement, v. 3.--Bernard. Guidon. Practica P. v. (Doat. XXX.).--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXIV. 45).

[376] Superstition and Force, 3d Ed. 1878, pp. 419-20.--Lib. Jur. Civ. Veronæ, ann. 1228, c. 75.--Constit. Sicular. Lib. I. Tit. 27.--Frid. II. Edict. 1220. § 5.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Ad extirpanda_, § 26.--Concil. Autissiodor. ann. 578 c. 33.--Concil. Matiscon. II. ann. 585 c. 19.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Ut negotium_, 7 Julii, 1256 (Doat, XXXI. 196); Ejusd. Bull. _Ne inquisitionis_, 19 Apr. 1259.--Urban. PP. IV. Bull. _Ut negotium_, 1260, 1262 (Ripoll, I. 430; Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 132).--Clement. PP. IV. Bull. _Ne inquisitionis_, 13 Jan. 1266.--Bern. Guidon. Pract. P. IV. (Doat. XXX.).--Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. p. 593.--Archivio di Napoli, MSS. Chioccarello, T. VIII.--Historia Tribulationum (Archiv für Litt. u. Kirchengeschichte, 1886, p. 324).

The earliest allusion to the use of torture in Languedoc is in 1254, when St. Louis forbade its use on the testimony of a single witness, even in the case of poor persons.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VIII. 1348.

[377] Chassaing, Spicilegium Brivatense, p. 92.--Vaissette, IV. Pr. 97-8.--Archives de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 45 sqq.).--Lib. Confess. Inq. Albiens. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 11847).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 46-78, 132, 169-74, 180-2, 266-7.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. v. (Doat, XXX.).

[378] C. 1, § 1, Clement, v. 3.--Bern. Guidon. Gravamina (Doat, XXX. 100, 120).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 422.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xv.

[379] Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 453-5.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. v. (Doat, XXX.).--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ix., xiv.--Processus contra Waldenses (Archivio Storico Italiano, No. 38, pp. 20, 22, 24, etc.).--Pauli de Leazariis Gloss. sup. c. 1, Clem. v. 3.--Silvest. Prieriat. de Strigimagar. Mirand. Lib. III. c. 1.--Bernard. Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. vv. _Jejunia, Torturœ_.

That the Clementines had practically fallen into desuetude is shown by Carlo III. of Savoy, in 1506, procuring from Julius II. as a special privilege that in his territories the inquisitors should not send to prison or pronounce sentence without the concurrence of the episcopal ordinaries, and this was enlarged in 1515 by Leo X. by requiring their assent for all arrests.--Sclopis, Antica Legislazione del Piemont. p. 484.

[380] Eymeric. pp. 480, 592, 614.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ix.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s. vv. _Indicium, Torturœ_ No. 19, 25.

[381] Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 480-2.--MSS. Bib. Nat., funds latin, No. 4270, fol. 101, 146.--Responsa prudentum (Doat, XXXVII. 83 sqq.).--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s. vv. _Confessio, Torturœ_.

The care with which the inquisitors concealed the means by which confessions were procured is illustrated in the ratification obtained from Guillem Salavert in 1303, of his confession made three years before. He is made to declare it "esse veram, non factam vi tormentorum, amore, gratia, odio, timore, vel favore alicujus, non subornatus nec inductus minis vel blanditiis, seu seductus per aliquem, non amens nec stultus sed bona mente," etc. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 11847). Yet Salavert belonged to a group of victims on whom, as we shall see hereafter, torture was unsparingly used.

[382] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. p. 481.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s. vv. _Confessio, Impœnitens, Torturœ_ No. 48.--Responsa prudentum (Doat, XXXVII. 83 sqq.)--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXVII. 126; XXXII. 251).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 266-7.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxiii.

[383] Fortescue de Laudibus Legum Angliæ, c. xxvii.

[384] Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. vv. _Infamia, Inquisitores_ No. 7.

[385] Fournier, Les officialités an moyen âge, pp. 177-8.--C. 14 Extra II. 23.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).

[386] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 29.--Trésor des chartes du roi en Carcassonne (Doat, XXI. 34).--Molinier, L'Inquisition dans le midi de la France, p. 342.--Livres de Jostice et de Plet, Liv. I. Tit. iii. § 7.

[387] Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 27.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. IX.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Lib. Confess. Inq. Albiens. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 11847).--Ripoll, I. 72.

[388] Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 376-81.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. iii.

[389] Archidiaconi Gloss. super c. xi. § 1 Sexto v. 2.--Joann. Andreæ Gloss. sup. c. xiii. § 7 Extra v. 7.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 445, 615-16.--Guid. Fulcodii Quæst. XIV.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xiii., xiv.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).

In the lay courts, if a witness swore to the innocence of the accused and subsequently changed his testimony, the first statement was held good and the second was rejected, but in cases of heresy the incriminating evidence was always received.--Ponzinibii de Lamiis c. 84.

[390] C. 17 Cod. IX. ii. (Honor. 423).--Pseudo-Julii Epist. II. c. 18 (Gratiani Decret.) P. II. caus. v. Q. 3, c. 5.--Pseudo-Eutychiani Epist. ad Episcopp. Siciliæ.--Gratiani Comment. in Decret. P. II. caus. II. Q. 7, c. 22; caus. VI. Q. 1, c. 19.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. pp. 299-300.--Guill. Pod. Laur. c. 40.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Consuluit_, 6 Mai. 1260 (Doat, XXXI. 205); Ejusd. Bull. _Quod super non nullis_, 9 Dec. 1257; 15 Dec. 1258.--C. 5 Sexto v. 2.--C. 8 § 3 Sexto v. 2.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 12.--Jacob. Laudun. Orat. in Conc. Constant. (Von der Hardt III. 60).--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 221.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xi., xiii.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 602-6.

Under the contemporary English law, criminals and accomplices were rejected as accusers, even in high-treason (Bracton, Lib. III. Tract. ii. cap. 3, No. 1).

[391] Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Testis_, No. 14.--Concil Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 18.--Coll. Doat, XXII. 237 sqq.

In the German feudal law of the period no witness was admitted below the age of eighteen.--Sächsisches Lehenrechtbuch, c. 49 (Daniels, Berlin, 1863, p. 113).

[392] Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 611-13.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 25.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 14.--Arch, de l'Inq. de Carcass, (Doat, XXXI. 149).

[393] Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. VIII.--Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. p. 601.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xiii.--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1802).

Heresy, of course, was a "reserved" case for which the ordinary confessor could not give absolution. Thus a man of Realmont in Albigeois who repented of having been present at a Catharan conventicle went to a Franciscan and confessed, accepting the penance imposed of the minor pilgrimages and some other penitential acts. On his return from their performance, however, he was seized by the Inquisition, tried and imprisoned.--Vaissette, IV. 41.

[394] Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s.v. _Probatio_, No. 3.--Archidiac. Gloss. sup. c. xi. § 1 Sexto v. 2.--Guill. Pod. Laur. c. 40.--Bern. Guidon. Gravamina (Doat, XXX. 102).--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 22.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 4, 10.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXI. 5).--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Cum negotium_, 9 Mart. 1254; Ejusd. Bull. _Ut commissum_, 21 Jun. 1254.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Licet vobis_, 7 Dec. 1255; Ejusd. Bull. _Prœ cunctis_, § 6, 9 Nov. 1256; Ejusd. Bull. _Super extirpatione_, § 9, 1258.--Clem. PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, 17 Sep. 1265.--Ejusd. Bull. _Prœ, cunctis_, 23 Feb. 1266.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. xv.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 221.--C. 20 Sexto v. 2.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. iv. (Doat, XXX.).--Responsa Prudentum (Doat, XXXVII.).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 450, 610, 614, 626, 627. Cf. Pegnæ Comment, pp. 627-8.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270.--Bernardi Comens, Lucerna Inquisit. s.v. _Nomina_.--Mladenovic Relatio (Palacky Documenta Joannis Hus, pp. 252-3).

[395] Responsa Prudentum (Doat, XXXVII.).--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s. v. _Tradere_.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ix.

[396] Lib. Confess. Inq. Albiens. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 11847).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 96-7, 180, 393.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXVII. 118, 133, 140, 149, 178, 204-16).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 521.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xiv.

[397] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 297, 393.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 119, 133, 140, 241).--Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. p. 625.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret c. xiv.

[398] Concil. Lateran IV. ann. 1215 c. 8.

So, in 1254, St. Louis orders that in all criminal cases where the inquisitorial process is used, the whole proceedings shall be submitted to the accused.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VIII. 1348.

[399] Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append, c. 8.--Concil. Campinacens. ann. 1238 c. 14.--Contre le Franc-Alleu sans Tiltre, Paris, 1629, p. 216.--Fournier, Les Officialités, etc. p. 289.--C. 11, Extra v. 7.--Concil. Valentin, ann. 1248 c. 11.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 23.--Bernard. Guidon. Practica. P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 446, 452, 565, 568.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 220.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisitor, s. vv. _Advocatus, Defensor_.--C. 13, § 7, Extra v. 7.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Cupientes_, 4 Mart. 1260.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXIV. 123).--Vaissette, IV. 72.

[400] Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. xv.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 446, 450, 607, 610, 614.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ix., xli.--Litt. Petri Albanens. (Doat, XXXI. 5).

In the register of the Inquisition of Carcassonne from 1249 to 1258 M. Molinier has found two cases in which the accused was allowed to introduce evidence in his favor. In one of these G. Vilanière called two witnesses to prove an alibi; in the other Guilleim Nègre brought forward a letter of reconciliation and penitence. In neither case was the defendant successful (L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, p. 346).

[401] Coll. Doat, XXXI. 149.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s.v. _Taciturnitas_.

[402] Registre de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, Nouv. Acquis. 139, f. 33, 44, 62).--Practica super Inquisitione (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 212).

[403] Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 18.--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1813).--Coll. Doat, XXVII. 97-8; XXIX. 27; XXXIV. 123; XXXV. 61; XXXVIII. 166.--Lib. Sententt. Inquis. Tolosan. pp. 33-4.--Molinier, L'Inquis. dans le midi de la France, p. 287.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Olim ex parte_, 24 Sept.; 13 Oct. 1258; Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Idem_, 21 Aug. 1262 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 117).

[404] Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s.v. _Recusatio_.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Zanchini Tract, de Hæret. c. ii., vii.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 26.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 9.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 572.

[405] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 139.

[406] Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. p. 675.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxix.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 453-55.--Grandes Chroniques. ann. 1323.--Guill. Nangiac. Contin. ann. 1323.--Chron. de Jean de S. Victor. Contin. ann. 1323.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisitor, s. vv. _Appellatio, Exceptio_ No. 2.

[407] Vaissette, III. 462; Pr. 447.--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 152, 169, 283; XXXII. 69; XXXV. 134.--Potthast No. 10292, 10311, 10317, 18723, 18895.--Ripoll, I. 287.--Coll. Doat, XXXV. 134.

[408] Molinier, L'Inquisition dans le midi de la France, pp. 332-33.--Responsa Prudentum (Doat, XXXVII.).--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. v. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. p. 474.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xli.

[409] C. 1 Clement, v. 3.--Bern. Guidon. Gravamina (Doat, XXX. 112).

[410] Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. II. p. 4.--Concil. Tolosan. ann. 1229 c. 18.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 16.--Concil. Tarraconens. ann. 1242.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 376-8, 380-4, 494-5, 500.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 31, 36.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. v., vii., xx.--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1802).--Gersonis de Protestatione consid. xii.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Præsumptio_, No. 5.--Isambert, Anc. Loix Françaises, IV. 364.

It is somewhat remarkable that Cornelius Agrippa maintains that the law expressly forbade the Inquisition from meddling with cases involving mere suspicion, or the defending, reception, and favoring of heretics (De Vanitate Scientiarum, cap. XCVI.).--His contemporary, the learned jurist Ponzinibio, calls special attention to the fact that mere suspicion, even when not accompanied by evil report, is sufficient to justify proceedings in case of heresy, though not in other crimes.--(Ponzinibii de Lamiis c. 88).

[411] Concil. Tarraconens. ann. 1242.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 376-8, 475-6.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s. vv. _Practica, Purgatio_.--Albertini Repertor. Inquisit. s. v. _Deficiens_.--Gregor. PP. XI. Bull. _Excommunicamus_, 20 Aug. 1229.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. vii., xvii.--Martini App. ad Mosheim de Beghardis, p. 537.

[412] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 6, 12.--Muratori Antiq. Ital. Dissert. LX.--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1800-1).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 376, 486-7, 492-8.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 67, 215.

[413] Guid. Fulcod. Quæstt. XIII., XV.--Ripoll, I. 254.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 139).--Archives de l'Évêché d'Albi (Doat, XXXV. 69).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. p. 32.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 465, 643.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. XX.

In the sentences of Bernard de Caux, 1246-8, though imprisonment is treated as a penance, the expression is more mandatory than in later proceedings (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 9992).

[414] Arch. de l'Évêché d'Albi (Doat, XXXV. 69).--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 232).--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1234 c. 5.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 29.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 506-7.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xvi.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. XV.

[415] Tamburini, Istoria dell' Inquisizione, I. 492-502.--Bern. Corio, Hist. di Milano, ann. 1252.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 201).--Ripoll, I. 244, 280, 389.

[416] Concil. Tarraconens. ann. 1242.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Noverit universitas_, 1254 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 103).--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.)--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 368-72, 376-8.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxxiii.

[417] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 3.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 28.--Coll, Doat, XXI. 200.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.

[418] Paramo de Orig. Offic. S. Inquis. Lib. II. Tit. i. c. 2, § 6.--Martene Thesaur. I. 802.--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 1.

[419] Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 255).--Coll. Doat, XXVII. 136.

[420] Concil. Tarraconens. ann. 1242.--Concil. Narbonnens. ann. 1244 c. 1.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 6.--Bern. Guidon. Practica (Doat, XXIX. 54).--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 214.

[421] Coll. Doat, XXI. 222.--Wadding. Annal. ann. 1300, No. 1.--Cf. Molinier, L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, pp. 400-1.

[422] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXVII. 11).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 1, 340-1.

[423] Wadding. Annal. ann. 1238, No. 7.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 2.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append, c. 26, 29.--Berger, Les Registres d'Innocent IV. No. 3508, 3677, 3866.--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 17.--Vaissette. III. Pr. 468.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, nouv. acq. 139, fol. 8.--Molinier, L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, pp. 408-9.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 284-5.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 185, 186, 217.

[424] C. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 26.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 8, 13, 130, 228.

In Italy the crosses appear to be of red cloth (Archiv. di Firenze, Prov. S. Maria Novella, 31 Ott. 1327).

At an early period there is a single allusion to another "_pœna confusibilis_" in the shape of a wooden collar or yoke worn by the penitent. This occurs at La Charité, in 1233, and I have not met with it elsewhere (Ripoll, I. 46).

[425] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1229 c. 10.--Statut. Raymondi ann. 1234 (Harduin. VII. 205).--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1234 c. 4.--Concil. Tarraconens. ann. 1242.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 1.--Concil. Valentin. ann. 1248 c. 13.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 4.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, nouv. acq. 139, fol. 2.

[426] Coll. Doat, XXI. 185 sqq.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 6.--Molinier, l'Inquis. dans le midi de la France, p. 412.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. p. 350.

[427] Molinier, op. cit. p. 404, 414-15.--Bernard. Guidon. Gravamina (Doat, XXX. 115).--Ejusd. Practica P. II. (Doat, XXIX. 75).--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXVII. 107, 135, 149).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 496-99.

[428] Vaissette, III. Pr. 386.--Lami, Antichità Toscane, p. 560.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 17.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Quia te_, 19 Jan. 1245 (Doat, XXXI. 71).--Molinier, op. cit. pp. 23, 390.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append, c. 27.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 222).--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Cum a quibusdam_, 14 Mai. 1249 (Doat, XXXI. 81, 116).--Coll. Doat, XXXIII. 198.--Ripoll, I. 194.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 648-9, 653.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xix., xx., xli.--Archivio Storico Italiano, No. 38, pp. 27, 42.--Campi, Dell' Hist. Eccles. di Piacenza, P. II. p. 309.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 185 sqq.

[429] Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s.v. _Pœnam._

[430] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 152).--Archives Nationales de France, J. 430, No. 1.--Berger, Les Registres d'Innoc. IV. No. 4093.--Vaissette, III. 460, 462.--Molinier, op. cit. pp. 173, 283-4, 391, 396, 397.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. p. 40.--Bern. Guidon. Practica (Doat, XXIX. 83).--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 292.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXV. 192).--Zanchini Tract, de Hæret. c. xix.

[431] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 236).--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 19.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 25.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. VII.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930 fol. 221-2).--Molinier, op. cit. pp. 365, 392.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Inquisitores_, No. 18.

[432] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 17.--C. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 15.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Cum venerabilis_, 29 Jan. 1253; Bull. _Cum per nostras_, 30 Jan. 1253; Bull. _Super extirpatione_, 30 Mai. 1254.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Super extirpatione_, 13 Nov. 1258, 20 Sept. 1259; Bull. _Ad audientiam_, 23 Jan. 1260.--Berger, Les Registres d'Innoc. IV. No. 3904.--Ripoll, I. 69, 71, 223-4, 247.--Lami, Antichità Toscane, p. 576.--MS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, nouv. acquis. 139 fol. 43.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. p. 638.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xix.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. v. (Doat, XXX.).--Albert. Repert. Inq. s. v. _Cautio_.

The right to offer bail, except in capital offences, was one thoroughly recognized by the secular law. See, for instance, Isambert, Anc. Loix Franç. III. 57.

[433] Molinier, op. cit. pp. 299-302.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXIV. 5. It is perhaps worthy of note that Ripoll, in printing this bull of Boniface VIII., T. II. p. 61, discreetly suppresses the details of inquisitorial wrong-doing).--Grandjean, Registres de Benoît XI. No. 169, 509.--Chron. Girardi de Fracheto Contin. ann. 1303 (D. Bouquet, XXI. 22-3).--Articuli Transgressionum (Archiv. für Litt. u. Kirchengeschichte, 1887, p. 104).--C. 1, § 4, c. 2 Clement, v. 3.--Bernard. Guidon. Gravamina (Doat, XXX. 118-19).--Coll. Doat, XXXV. 113.--Ripoll, VII. 61.--Archivio di Firenze, Riformagioni, Classe XI. Distinz. I. No. 39.--Villani, Cronica, XII. 58.--Alvar. Pelag. de Planct. Eccles. Lib. II. art. vii.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 332.--Decamerone, Giorn. I. Nov. 6.--Archives administratives de Reims, III. 641.

The strictness with which the canons against usury were construed is illustrated in a case decided by the University of Paris in 1490. The Faculty of Theology was consulted as to the righteousness of a contract under which a certain church had bought for three hundred livres an annual rent of twenty livres arising from certain lands, with the right of recalling the purchase-money after two months' notice; while by a separate agreement the land-owner had the right of redemption for nine years. This is doubtless a specimen of the means adopted of evading the prohibition of interest payment, which must have grown frequent with the development of commerce and industry. The contract ran for twenty-six years before it was questioned and referred to the University. A commission of twelve doctors of theology was appointed, who discussed the subject thoroughly, and reported, eleven to one, that the contract was usurious, and that the annual payments must be computed as partial payments on account of the purchase-money (D'Argentré, Collect. Judic. de nov. Error. I. II. 323).

[434] Cornel. Agrippa de Vanitate Scientiar. cap. XCVI.

[435] Molinier, op. cit. p. 307.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 650, 685.

[436] Constt. v., VIII. § 3, Cod. I. v.--Assis. Clarendon. Art. 21.--Lami, Antichità Toscane, p. 124.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. pp. 299-300.--Lib. Juris Civilis Veronæ c. 156 (Ed. 1728, p. 117).--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Ad extirpanda_, § 21.--Concil. Tolosan. ann. 1229 c. 6.--Statut. Raymondi ann. 1234 (Harduin. VII. 203).--Vaissette, III. Pr. 370-1.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 35.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 6.--Établissements, Liv. I. c. 36.--Siete Partidas, P. VII. Tit. xxvi. l. 5.--Bern. Guidon. Practica (Doat, XXIX. 89).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 4, 80-1, 168.

[437] Isambert, Anc. Loix Françaises, IV. 364; V. 491.--Ripoll, I. 252.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII.248).--Sachsenspiegel, Buch III. Art. I.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxxix., xl.

[438] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. 280.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXV. 122).

[439] Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. X.

[440] Gregor. PP. IX. Bull. _Excommunicamus_, 20 Aug. 1229.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1229 c. 9.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. p. 300.--Concil. Arelatens. ann. 1234 c. 6.--Vaissette, III. Pr. 314.

Gregory's bull, as inserted in the canon law, provides perpetual imprisonment for those who "_redire noluerint_" (C. 15, § 1, Extra v. vii.), which is self-evidently an error for "_voluerint_," as the previous section directs that persistent heretics are to be handed over to the secular arm. Besides, Frederic's Ravenna decree, issued soon after, in prescribing lifelong imprisonment for converts, speaks of this being in accordance with the canons.

[441] Concil. Tarraconens. ann. 1242.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 9, 19.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append, c. 20.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 152.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).

[442] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. _passim_, pp. 347-9.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 507.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 222).

[443] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXIII. 143).--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 23, 25.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 507.

[444] Arch. de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 45).--Bern. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 100).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 32, 200, 287.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 136, 156).--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.

The cruelty of the monastic system of imprisonment known as _in pace_, or _vade in pacem_, was such that those subjected to it speedily died in all the agonies of despair. In 1350 the Archbishop of Toulouse appealed to King John to interfere for its mitigation, and he issued an _Ordonnance_ that the superior of the convent should twice a month visit and console the prisoner, who, moreover, should have the right twice a month to ask for the company of one of the monks. Even this slender innovation provoked the bitterest resistance of the Dominicans and Franciscans, who appealed to Pope Clement VI., but in vain.--Chron. Bardin, ann. 1350 (Vaissette, IV. Pr. 29).

The hideous abuse of keeping a prisoner in chains was forbidden by the contemporary English law (Bracton, Lib. III. Tract, i. cap. 6).

[445] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 102, 153, 231, 252-4, 301.--Muratori Antiq. Dissert. LX. (T. XII. p. 519).--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. v. (Doat, XXX.).--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 7).

[446] Beaumanoir, Coutumes du Beauvoisis, cap. 51, No. 7.--G.B. de Lagrèze, La Navarre Française, II. 339. In the accounts of the Sénéchausseé of Toulouse for 1337 there is an item of twenty sols expended in Nov., 1333, for straw for the prisoners to lie on, lest they should perish with cold during the winter. Other items, amounting to eighty-three sols eleven deniers, for the repairs of the fetters and shackles which they wore shows the rigor of their confinement.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 798-99.

[447] Concil. Tolosan. ann. 1229 c. 11.--Concil. Valentin. ann. 1234 c. 5.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 4.--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 157.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 23, 27.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Cum sicut_, 1 Mart. 1249 (Doat, XXXI. 114).--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 24.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. X.

[448] Molinier, op. cit. p. 435.--Vaissette, III. Pr. 536.--Vaissette. Éd. Privat, VIII. 1206.--Arch. de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 45).--Bern. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 109).--Isambert. Anc. Loix Françaises, IV. 364.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 693-4, 813-14.--Les Olim, III. 148.--Hauréau, Bernard Délicieux, p. 19.--Archivio di Napoli, Reg. 113, Lett. A, fol. 385; Reg. 154, Lett. C, fol. 81; MSS. Chioccorello, T. VIII.

[449] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 14, 16).--Muratori Antiq. Dissert. LX. (T. XII. pp. 500, 507, 529, 535).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 252-4, 307.--Tract., de Hæres. Paup. de Lugd. (Martene Thesaur. V. 1786).

[450] Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 222).--Molinier, op. cit. p. 449.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXII. 125; XXXVII. 83).

[451] Les Olim, III. 148.--Archives de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 45).--Bern. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 105-8).--Ejusd. Practica P. IV. c. 1.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 587.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Carcer_.

The passage in the _Practica_ alluded to occurs in MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14579, fol. 258. The allusion to the Clementines is not in the MS. printed by Douais, Paris, 1885, p. 179.

In 1325 Bishop Richard Ledred of Ossory availed himself of the Clementine canon to claim supervision over the imprisonment of William Outlaw, whom he threw into the Castle of Kilkenny on a charge of fautorship of sorcerers--there being, apparently, no episcopal jail.--Wright's Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler, Camden Soc. 1843, p. 31.

[452] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 8, 13, 14, 19, 25, 26, 29, 158-62, 246-8, 255-61.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 7, 131; XXVIII. 164).

[453] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 7.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Ut commissum_, 20 Jan. 1245 (Doat, XXXI. 68).--Vaissette, III. Pr. 468.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 20.--Zanchini, Tract, de Hæret. c. xxi., xxxviii.

[454] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 2, 192).

[455] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 40, 118, 122, 137, 139, 146, 147.--Bern. Guidon. Practica (Doat, XXIX. 85).--Ejusd. P. v. (Doat, XXX.).--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 21, 22.--Vaissette, III. Pr. 467.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 222, 224).--Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. p. 509.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xx.

[456] Concil. Arelatens. ann. 1234 c. 11.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 26.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 162-7, 203, 246-7, 251-2.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxvii.

[457] Const. 5 Cod. IX. viii.--Concil. Tolosan. ann. 1229 c. 10.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. pp. 8, 302.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Ut commissum_, 21 Jun. 1254.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Quod super nonnullis_, 9. Dec. 1257 (Doat, XXXI. 244).--Raynald. ann. 1258, No. 23.--Potthast No. 17745, 18396.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 123.--C. 15, Sexto v. ii.

[458] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. p. 571.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXII. 156).--Regist. Curiæ Franciæ de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXII. 241).--Bernardi Comens, Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Inquisitores_, No. 19.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. Index.--Wadding. Regest. Nich. PP. III. No. 10.

[459] Ripoll, I. 208, 394.--Tractatus de Inquisitione (Doat, XXXVI.).--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV, (Doat, XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. 360-1.

[460] Constt. 13, 15, 17 Cod. I. v.; 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 Cod. IX. xlix.; 5, 6 Cod. IX. viii.

[461] Constt. Sicular. Lib. I. Tit. 3.--Concil. Turon. ann. 1163 c. 4.--Lucii PP. III. Epist. 171.--Innoc. PP. III. Regest. II. 1.--Cap. 10 Extra v. 7.

It was probably in obedience to the canon of Tours that, in 1178, the property of Pierre Mauran of Toulouse was declared forfeited to the count, and he was allowed to redeem it with a fine of five hundred pounds of silver (Roger. Hoveden. Annal. ann. 1178).

The decree of Alonso II. of Aragon against the Waldenses, in 1194, referred to above (p. 81) (Pegnæ Comment. 39 in Eymeric. p. 281), inflicts confiscation on all who favor the heretics, but there are no traces of its enforcement, or of the subsequent canons of the Council of Girona in 1197 (Aguirre V. 102-3). The same may be said of the edicts of Henry VI., in 1194, repeated by Otho IV. in 1310 (Lami, Antichità Toscane, p. 484).

[462] Innoc. PP. III. Regest. XII. 154 (Cap. 20 Extra v. xl.).--Isambert, Anc. Loix Françaises I. 228, 232.--Harduin. VII. 203-8.--Vaissette, III. Pr. 385.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 26.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Cum fratres_, ann. 1252 (Mag. Bull. Roman. I. 90).

Confiscation was an ordinary resource of mediæval law. In England, from the time of Alfred, property, as well as life, was forfeited for treason (Alfred's Dooms 4--Thorpe I. 63), a penalty which, remained until 1870 (Low and Pulling's Dictionary of English History, p. 469). In France murder, false-witness, treachery, homicide, and rape were all punished with death and confiscation (Beaumanoir, Coutumes du Beauvoisis XXX. 2-5). By the German feudal law the fief might be forfeited for a vast number of offences, but the distinction was drawn that, if the offence was against the lord, the fief reverted to him; if simply a crime, it descended to the heirs (Feudor. Lib. I. Tit. xxiii.-iv.). In Navarre, confiscation formed part of the penalties of suicide, murder, treason, and even of blows or wounds inflicted where the queen or royal children were dwelling. There is a case in which confiscation was enforced on a man because he struck another at Olite, which was within a league of Tafalla, where the queen chanced to be staying at the time (G.B. de Lagrèze, La Navarre Française II. 335).

[463] Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. XV.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 154; XXXIII. 207; XXXIV. 189; XXXV. 68.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.--Coll. Doat, XXVIII. 131, 164.--Responsa Prudentum (Doat, XXXVII. 83).--Grandes Chroniques, ann. 1323.--Les Olim, T. I. p. 556.--Guill. Pelisso Chron. Ed. Molinier, p. 27.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 224).--Coll. Doat, XXVII. fol. 118.

In 1460, when the nearly extinct French Inquisition was resuscitated to punish the sorcerers of Arras, confiscation formed part of the sentence.--Mémoires de Jacques du Clercq, Liv. IV. ch. 4.

[464] Coll. Doat, XXXI. 175.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xviii., xxv., xxvi., xli.--Archivio Storico Italiano, No. 38, p. 29.

[465] Lami, Antichità Toscane, 560, 588-9.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxvi.--Archiv. di Firenze, Prov. S. Maria Novella, Nov. 18, 1327.--Archivio di Napoli, Regist. 253, Lett. A, fol. 63.

[466] Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. III. p. 466.--Kaltner, Konrad v. Marburg u. die Inquisition, Prag, 1882, p. 147.--Mosheim de Beghardis, p. 347.

[467] Harduin. VII. 203.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1233 c. 4; ann. 1246, Append. c. 35.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 26.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 151.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. xv.--Isambert Anc. Loix Françaises, I. 257.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 263).--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Filii_.

[468] Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 152).--Berger, Registres d'Innoc. IV. No. 1844.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 158-62.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 98).--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 663-5.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xviii., xix., xxv.

[469] Archives de l'Évêché de Béziers (Doat, XXXI. 35).--Potthast No. 12743.--Isambert, I. 257.--C. 14 Sexto v. 2.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxv.--Livres de Jostice et de Piet, Liv. I. Tit. iii. § 7.