Chapter IX

FROM THE CONCLUSION OF THE SAMNITE WAR TO THE SUBJUGATION OF ITALY.
B.C. 290-265.

283. War with the Etruscans and Gauls 60

Battle of the Lake Vadimo 60

282. State of Magna Græcia 60

The Romans assist Thurii 60

Their fleet is attacked by the Tarentines 61

Roman embassy to Tarentum 61

281. War declared against the Tarentines 61

They apply for aid to Pyrrhus 61

Pyrrhus arrives in Italy 62

280. His first campaign against the Romans 62

Battle of Heraclea 62

Remarks of Pyrrhus on the victory 62

He attempts to make peace with Rome 62

Failure of his minister Cineas 63

He marches upon Rome and arrives at Præneste 63

Retires into winter quarters at Tarentum 63
Embassy of Fabricius 63

279. Second campaign of Pyrrhus 64

Battle of Asculum 64

278. Treachery of the physician of Pyrrhus 64

Truce with Rome 64

Pyrrhus crosses over into Sicily 64

276. He returns to Italy 64

274. Defeat of Pyrrhus 65

He returns to Greece 65

272. Subjugation of Tarentum 65

Conquest of Italy 65

273. Embassy of Ptolemy Philadelphus to Rome 65

Three classes of Italian population:
I. Cives Romani, or Roman Citizens 66
1. Of the Thirty-three tribes 66
2. Of the Roman Colonies 66
3. Of the Municipal Towns 66
II. Nomen Latinum, or the Latin name 66
III. Socii, or Allies 66

312. Censorship of Appius Claudius 67

His dangerous innovation as to the Freedmen 67

304. Repealed in the Censorship of Q. Fabius Maximus and
P. Decius Mus 67

312. The Appian Way 67

The Appian Aqueduct 67

Cn. Flavius 67