Chapter XXI: The Gracchi. B.c. 133-121

Necessity for reform 148

Early life of Tiberius Gracchus 149

137. Quæstor in Spain 149

133. Elected Tribune 150

Brings forward an Agrarian Law 150

Opposition of the landowners 150

The Tribune Octavius puts his veto upon it 150

Deposition of Octavius 151

The Agrarian Law enseted 151

Three Commissioners elected 151

Distribution of the treasures of Pergamus among the Roman
people 151

Renewed opposition to Tiberius 151

He becomes a candidate for the Tribunate a second time 151

Riots 152

Death of Tiberius 152

132. Return of Scipio to Rome 152

He opposes the popular party 153

129. Death of Scipio 153

126. Expulsion of the Allies from Rome 154

125. M. Fulvius Flaccus proposes to give the franchise to the
Italians 154

Revolt and destruction of Fregellæ 154

126. C. Gracchus goes to Sardinia as Quæstor 154

124. He returns to Rome 157

123. He is elected Tribune 157

His legislation 157
I. Laws for improving the condition of the people 157
1. Extension of the Agrarian Law 157
2. State provision for the poor 157
3. Soldiers equipped at the expense of the Republic 157
II. Laws to diminish the power of the Senate 157
1. Transference of the judicial power from the
Senators to the Equites 157
2. Distribution of the Provinces before the
election of the Consuls 158

122. C. Gracchus Tribune a second time 158

Proposes to confer the citizenship upon the Latins 158

Unpopularity of this proposal 158

The Tribune M. Livius Drusus outbids Gracchus 158

Foundation of a colony at Carthage 159

Decline of the popularity of Gracchus 159

121. His murder 160

Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi 160