Chapter XXXV

THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND CIVIL WAR TO CÆSAR'S DEATH, B.C. 49-44.

49. Cæsar at Ravenna 241

He crosses the Rubicon 241

His triumphal progress through Italy 241

Pompey and his party fly from Rome to Brundusium 242

They are pursued by Cæsar 242

They embark for Greece 242

Cæsar goes to Rome 242

He sets out for Spain 242

He conquers L. Africanus and M. Petreius, Pompey's
lieutenants in Spain 243

Is appointed Dictator, which office he holds only
eleven days 243

He takes Massilia 243

48. He sails from Brundusium to Greece 243

He besieges Pompey at Dyrrhachium 244

Is compelled to retire 241

Battle of Pharsalia, and defeat of Pompey 244

Pompey flies to Egypt 245

His death 245

Cæsar is appointed Dictator a second time 245

The Alexandrine War 245

47. Conclusion of the Alexandrine War 246

Cæsar marches into Pontus and defeats Pharnaces 246

He sails to Africa 246

46. Battle of Thapsus, and defeat of the Pompeians 246

Siege of Utica 247

Death of Cato 247

Cæsar returns to Rome 247

His triumph 247

His reformation of the Calendar 247

Insurrection in Spain 248

Cæsar sets out for Spain 248

45. Battle of Munda, and defeat of the Pompeians 248

Cæsar returns to Rome 248

He is undisputed master of the Roman world 248

Honors conferred upon him 248

Use he made of his power 248

His vast projects 249

44. Conspiracy against Cæsar's life 249

Brutus and Cassius 249

Assassination of Cæsar on the Ides of March 250

Reflections on his death 250

His character and genius 250