Chapter XLIII: Appendix: A. a Postscript on Mythology in Beowulf (5)

1907 HUYSHE, W. Beowulf ... translated into ... prose ("Appendix: The
Fight at Finn's burgh"). London. ("Translation," to quote Clark Hall,
"apparently such as might have been compiled from previous translations
by a person ignorant of Ags. Some original mistakes.") Reviews:
_Athenaeum_, 1907, II, 96 ("Mr Huyshe displays sad ignorance of Old
{394} English ... but an assiduous study of the work of his
predecessors has preserved him from misrepresenting seriously the
general sense of the text"); _Notes and Queries_, Ser. X, vol. VIII,
58; Garnett, _Amer. Jnl. Philol._ XXIX, 344-6; Klaeber, _Anglia,
Beiblatt_, XIX, 257.

1909 GUMMERE, F. B. The oldest English Epic. Beowulf, Finnsburg,
Waldere, Deor and the German Hildebrand, translated in the original
metres. New York. Reviews: _Athenaeum_, 1909, II, 151; Trautmann,
_Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXXIII, 353-60 (metrical debate); Sedgefield,
_Engl. Stud._ XLI, 402-3 (discussing possibility of reproducing in Mod.
Eng. the Old Eng. alliterative verse-rhythm); Derocquigny, _Revue
Germanique_, VI, 356-7; see also above, p. 390.

1910 HANSEN, ADOLF. Bjovulf, oversat af A. Hansen, og efter hans doed
g[oa]et efter og fuldfoert samt forsynet med en inledning og en
oversaettelse af brudstykket om kampen i Finsborg, af Viggo Julius von
Holstein Rathlou; udgivet ved Oskar Hansen. Koebenhavn og Kristiania.
An account of this translation, by v. Holstein Rathlou, in
_Tilskueren_, June, 1910, pp. 557-62; Review: Olrik, _Danske Studier_,
1910, 112-13.

1911 CLARK HALL, J. R. Beowulf and the Finnsburg Fragment. A
translation into Modern English Prose. London. Reviews: Mawer, _M.L.R._
VI, 542 ("probably the best working translation that we have, enriched
by a valuable introduction and excellent appendices"); _Academy_, 1911,
I, 225-6; Bjoerkman, _Engl. Stud._ XLIV, 127-8; _Archiv_, CXXVI, 492-3;
Binz, _Literaturblatt_, XXXII, 232.

1912 PIERQUIN, H. Le po[`e]me Anglo-Saxon de Beowulf. (An extraordinary
piece of work; the version mainly follows Kemble's text, which is
reproduced, but with many misprints: Kemble's _Saxons in England_ is
translated by way of introduction. The Finnsburg Fragment is included.)
Reviews: _Academy_, 1912, II, 509-10 (seems to regard Pierquin as
author of _Les Saxons en Angleterre_); Sedgefield, _M.L.R._ VIII,
550-2; Klaeber, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXIV, 138-9; Imelmann, _D.L.Z._
XXXIV (1913), 1062-3 (very unfavourable); ++Luick, _Mitt. d. inst. f.
oesterr. gesch.-forsch._ XXXVI, 401; ++Barat, _Moyen [^A]ge_, XXVI
(see. ser. XVII), 298-302.

1913 KIRTLAN, E. J. The Story of Beowulf. London. (A fair specimen of
the less scholarly translations; nicely got up and not exceedingly
incorrect.) Reviews: _Athenaeum_, 1914, II, 71; Klaeber, _Anglia,
Beiblatt_, XXVII, 129-31.

1914 CLARK HALL, J. R. Beowulf: a metrical translation. Cambridge. (Not
so successful as the same writer's prose translation.) Reviews:
Sedgefield, _M.L.R._ X, 387-9 (discussing the principles of metrical
translation); Klaeber, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXVI, 170-2.

1915 OLIVERO, F. Traduzioni dalla Poesia Anglo-sassone. Bari. (Pp.
73-119, extracts from Beowulf.) Review: _M.L.R._ XI, 509.

1916 ++BENEDETTI, A. La canzone di Beowulf, poema epico anglo-sassone
del VI secolo. Versione italiana, con introduzione e note. Palermo.

1918 LEONARD, W. E. [Specimen, Passus IX, of forthcoming transl., in
the measure of the Nibelungenlied.] In _Univ. of Wisconsin Studies_,
II, 149-52; see above.

A translation of Beowulf into the Norwegian "landsmaal," by H.
RYTTER, will appear shortly.

Popular paraphrases of Beowulf are not included in the above list. An account will be found in Tinker's _Translations_ of those of E. H. Jones (in COX'S _Popular Romances_, 1871); J. Gibb, 1881-4; Waegner-MacDowall, 1883 _etc._; Miss Z. A. Ragozin, 1898, 1900; A. J. Church, 1898; Miss C. L. Thomson, 1899, 1904. Mention may also be made of those of ++F. A. Turner, 1894; H. E. Marshall, 1908; T. Cartwright, 1908; Prof. J. H. Cox, 1910. An illustrated summary of {395} the _Beowulf_ story was issued by Mr W. T. Stead in his penny "Books for the Bairns." The versions of Miss Thomson and Prof. Cox are both good. The paraphrase in the _Canadian Monthly_, II, 83 (1872), attributed in several bibliographies to Earle, is assuredly not the work of that scholar: it is an inaccurate version based upon Jones. An account will be found in Tinker of the German paraphrase of Therese Dahn, 1883 _etc._; mention may also be made of those of J. Arnheim, 1871; ++ F. Baessler, sec. edit. 1875 (praised highly by Klaeber in _J.E.G.Ph._ V, 118).

s. 7. TEXTUAL CRITICISM AND INTERPRETATION

1815 GRUNDTVIG, N. F. S. Et Par Ord om det nys udkomne angelsaxiske
Digt. _Nyeste Skilderie af Kjoebenhavn_, No. 60 _etc._, cols. 945, 998,
1009, 1025, 1045; Nok et Par Ord om Bjovulfs Drape, 1106, 1121, 1139
(comment upon Thorkelin's text and translation).

1815 THORKELIN, G. J. Reply to Grundtvig in _Nyeste Skilderie_, cols.
1057, 1073. (There were further articles in the same magazine, but they
were purely personal.)

1820 GRUNDTVIG, N. F. S. Emendations to Thorkelin's text, added to
_Bjowulfs Drape_, 267-312.

1826 CONYBEARE, J. J. Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon poetry. London.
(Beowulf and "Finnsborough," pp. 30-182.)

1859 BOUTERWEK, K. W. Zur Kritik des Beowulfliedes, _Z.f.d.A._ XI,
59-113.

1859 DIETRICH, F. Rettungen, _Z.f.d.A._ XI, 409-20.

1863 HOLTZMANN, A. Zu Beowulf, _Germania_, VIII, 489-97. (Incl.
Finnsburg.)

1865 GREIN, C. W. M. Zur Textkritik der angelsaechsischen Dichter:
Finnsburg, _Germania_, X, 422.

1868-9 BUGGE, SOPHUS. Spredte iagttagelser vedkommende de oldengelske
digte om Be['o]wulf og Waldere; _Tidskrift for Philologi og
Paedagogik_, VIII, 40-78 and 287-307 (incl. Finnsburg, 304-5).
Important.

1871 RIEGER, M. Zum Beowulf, _Z.f.d.Ph._ III, 381-416.

1873 BUGGE, S. Zum Beowulf, _Z.f.d.Ph._ IV, 192-224.

1880 KOELBING, E. Kleine Beitraege (Beowulf, 168, 169), _Engl. Stud._
III, 92 _etc._

1882 KLUGE, F. Sprachhistorische Miscellen (Beowulf, 63, 1027, 1235,
1267), _P.B.B._ VIII, 532-5.

1882 COSIJN, P. J. Zum Beowulf, _P.B.B._ VIII, 568-74.

1883 SIEVERS, E. Zum Beowulf, _P.B.B._ IX, 135-44, 370.

1883 KLUGE, F. Zum Beowulf, _P.B.B._ IX, 187-92.

1883 KRUEGER, TH. Zum Beowulf, _P.B.B._ IX, 571-8.

1889 MILLER, T. The position of Grendel's arm in Heorot, _Anglia_, XII,
396-400.

1890 JOSEPH, E. Zwei Versversetzungen im Beowulf, _Z.f.d.Ph._ XXII,
385-97.

1891 SCHROEER, A. Zur texterklaerung des Beowulf, _Anglia_, XIII,
333-48.

1891-2 COSIJN, P. J. Aanteekeningen op den Beowulf. Leiden.
(Important.) Reviews: Luebke, _A.f.d.A._ XIX, 341-2; Holthausen,
_Literaturblatt_, 1895, p. 82.

1892 SIEVERS, E. Zur texterklaerung des Beowulf, _Anglia_, XIV, 133-46.

1895 BRIGHT, J. W. Notes on the Beowulf (ll. 30, 306, 386-7, 623, 737),
_M.L.N._ X, 43-4.

1899 TRAUTMANN, M. Berichtigungen, Vermutungen und Erklaerungen zum
Beowulf (ll. 1-1215). _Bonner Beitraege zur Anglistik_, II, 121-92.
Reviews: Binz, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XIV, 358-60; Holthausen,
_Literaturblatt_, 1900, 62-4 (important). See Sievers, _P.B.B._ XXVII,
572; XXVIII, 271.

1901 KLAEBER, F. A few Beowulf notes (ll. 459, 847 _etc._, 1206, 3024
_etc._, 3171); _M.L.N._ XVI, 14-18.

{396}

1902 KLAEBER, F. Zum Beowulf (497-8; 1745-7), _Archiv_, CVIII, 368-70.

1902 KLAEBER, F. Beowulf's character, _M.L.N._ XVII, 162.

1903 KRACKOW, O. Zu Beowulf, 1225, 2222, _Archiv_, CXI, 171-2.

1904 BRYANT, F. E. Beowulf, 62, _M.L.N._ XIX, 121-2.

1904 ABBOTT, W. C. Hrothulf, _M.L.N._ XIX, 122-5. (Abbott suggests that
Hrothulf is the name--missing in whole or part from l. 62--of the
husband of the daughter of Healfdene. This suggestion is quite
untenable, for many reasons: Hrothulf (Rolf Kraki) is a Dane, and the
missing husband is a Swede: but the article led to a long controversy
between Bryant and Klaeber; see _M.L.N._ XX, 9-11; XXI, 143, 255; XXII,
96, 160. Klaeber is undoubtedly right.)

1904 KRAPP, G. B. Miscellaneous Notes: _Sc[=u]rheard_; _M.L.N._ XIX,
234.

1904 SIEVERS, E. Zum Beowulf, _P.B.B._ XXIX, 305-31. (Criticism of
Trautmann's emendations.)

1904 KOCK, E. A. Interpretations and Emendations of Early English
Texts: III (Beowulf), _Anglia_, XXVII, 218-37.

1904 SIEVERS, E. Zum Beowulf (l. 5, Criticism of Kock), _P.B.B._ XXIX,
560-76. Reply by Kock, _Anglia_, XXVIII (1905), 140-2.

1905 TRAUTMANN, M. Auch zum Beowulf: ein gruss an herren Eduard
Sievers, _Bonner Beitraege zur Anglistik_, XVII, 143-74. (Reply to
Sievers' criticism of Trautmann's conjectural emendations.) Review:
Klaeber, _M.L.N._ XXII, 252.

1905 SWIGGETT, G. L. Notes on the Finnsburg fragment, _M.L.N._ XX,
169-71.

1905 KLAEBER, F. Notizen zur texterklaerung des Beowulf, _Anglia_,
XXVIII, 439-47 (incl. Finnsburg); Zum Beowulf, the same, 448-56.

1905 KLAEBER, F. Bemerkungen zum Beowulf, _Archiv_, CXV, 178-82. (Incl.
Finnsburg.)

1905 HOLTHAUSEN, F. Beitraege zur Erklaerung des altengl. epos. I, Zum
Beowulf; II, Zum Finnsburg-fragment; _Z.f.d.Ph._ XXXVII, 113-25.

1905-6 KLAEBER, F. Studies in the Textual Interpretation of "Beowulf,"
_Mod. Phil._ III, 235-66, 445-65 (Most important).

1906 CHILD, C. G. Beowulf, 30, 53, 132 (i.e. 1323), 2957, _M.L.N._ XXI,
175-7, 198-200.

1906 HORN, W. Textkritische Bemerkungen (Beowulf, 69 _etc._), _Anglia_,
XXIX, 130-1.

1906 KLAEBER, F. Notizen zum Beowulf, _Anglia_, XXIX, 378-82.

1907 KLAEBER, F. Minor Notes on the Beowulf, _J.E.G.Ph._ VI, 190-6.

1908 TINKER, C. B. Notes on Beowulf, _M.L.N._ XXIII, 239-40.

1908 KLAEBER, F. Zum Beowulf, _Engl. Stud._ XXXIX, 463-7.

1909 KLAEBER, F. Textual Notes on Beowulf, _J.E.G.Ph._ VIII, 254-9.

1910 VON GRIENBERGER, T. Bemerkungen zum Beowulf, _P.B.B._ XXXVI,
77-101. (Incl. Finnsburg.)

1910 SIEVERS, E. Gegenbemerkungen zum Beowulf, _P.B.B._ XXXVI, 397-434.
(Incl. Finnsburg.)

1910 SEDGEFIELD, W. J. Notes on "Beowulf," _M.L.R._ V, 286-8.

1910 TRAUTMANN, M. Beitraege zu einem kuenftigen "Sprachschatz der
altenglischen Dichter," _Anglia_, XXXIII, 276-9 (_gedraeg_).

1911 BLACKBURN, F. A. Note on Beowulf, 1591-1617, _Mod. Phil._ IX,
555-66. (Argues that a loose leaf has been misplaced and the order of
events thus disturbed.)

1911 KLAEBER, F. Zur Texterklaerung des Beowulf, vv. 767, 1129,
_Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXII, 372-4.

1912 HART, J. M. Beowulf, 168-9, _M.L.N._ XXVII, 198.

{397}

1912-14 GREIN, C. W. M. Sprachschatz der angelsaechsischen dichter.
Unter mitwirkung von F. Holthausen neu herausgegeben von J. J. Koehler.
Heidelberg. Reviews: Trautmann, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXIV, 36-43;
Schuecking, _Engl. Stud._ XLIX, 113-5.

1915 CHAMBERS, R. W. The "Shifted leaf" in Beowulf, _M.L.R._ X, 37-41.
(Points out that the alleged "confused order of events" is that also
followed in the Grettis saga.)

1916 GREEN, A. The opening of the episode of Finn in Beowulf, _Pub.
Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer._ XXXI, 759-97.

1916 BRIGHT, J. W. Anglo-Saxon _umbor_ and _seld-guma_, _M.L.N._ XXXI,
82-4; Beowulf, 489-90, _M.L.N._ XXXI, 217-23.

1917 GREEN, A. An episode in Ongentheow's fall, _M.L.R._ XII, 340-3.

1917 HOLLANDER, L. M. Beowulf, 33, _M.L.N._ XXXII, 246-7. (Suggests the
reading _[=i]tig_.)

1917 HOLTHAUSEN, F. Zu altenglischen Denkmaelern--Beowulf, 1140, _Engl.
Stud._ LI, 180.

1918 HUBBARD, F. G. Beowulf, 1598, 1996, 2026: uses of the impersonal
verb _geweorthan_, _J.E.G.Ph._ XVII, 119.

1918 KOCK, E. A. Interpretations and emendations of early English
Texts: IV, Beowulf, _Anglia_, XLII, 99-124. (Important.)

1918 ++KOCK, E. A. Jubilee Jaunts and Jottings, in the _Lunds univ.
[oa]rsskrift_, N. F. avd. I, bd. 14, nr. 26 (_Festskrift vid ...
250-[oa]rsjubileum_). Reviews: Holthausen, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXX,
1-5; Klaeber, _J.E.G.Ph._ XIX, 409-13.

1919 MOORE, SAMUEL. Beowulf Notes (Textual), _J.E.G.Ph._ XVIII, 205-16.

1919 KLAEBER, F. Concerning the functions of O.E. _geweordhan_,
_J.E.G.Ph._ XVIII, 250-71. (Cf. paper of Prof. Hubbard above, by which
this was suggested.)

1919 KLAEBER, F. Textual notes on "Beowulf," _M.L.N._ XXXIV, 129-34.

1919 BROWN, CARLETON. Beowulf, 1080-1106, _M.L.N._ XXXIV, 181-3.

1919 BRETT, CYRIL. Notes on passages of Old and Middle English,
_M.L.R._ XIV, 1-9.

1919-20 KOCK, E. A. Interpretations and emendations of Early English
Texts: V (Incl. Beowulf, 2030, 2419-24); VI (Incl. Beowulf 24, 154-6,
189-90, 1992-3, 489-90, 581-3, 1745-7, 1820-1, 1931-2, 2164); VII
(Incl. Beowulf, 1230, 1404, 1553-6); _Anglia_, XLIII, 303-4; XLIV, 98
_etc._, 245 _etc._

1920 BRYAN W. F. Beowulf Notes (303-6, 532-4, 867-71), _J.E.G.Ph._ XIX,
84-5.

s. 8. QUESTIONS OF LITERARY HISTORY, DATE AND AUTHORSHIP: BEOWULF IN THE LIGHT OF HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HEROIC LEGEND, MYTHOLOGY AND FOLKLORE

See also preceding section.

No attempt is made here to deal with Old English heroic legend in general: nor to enumerate the references to _Beowulf_ in histories of literature. Probably the earliest allusion to our poem by a great writer is in Scott's _Essay on Romance_ (1824):

"The Saxons had, no doubt, Romances, ... and Mr Turner ... has given us
the abridgement of one entitled Caedmon, in which the hero, whose
adventures are told much after the manner of the ancient Norse Sagas,
encounters, defeats and finally slays an evil being called Grendel...."

1816 OUTZEN, N. Das ags. Gedicht Beowulf, _Kieler Blaetter_, III,
307-27. (See above, p. 4, note.) {398}

1816 (Review of Thorkelin in) _Monthly Review_, LXXXI, 516-23. (Beowulf
identified with Beaw Sceldwaing of the West Saxon genealogy; see above,
p. 292.)

1817 GRUNDTVIG, N. F. S. _Danne-Virke_, II, 207-89. (Identifies
Chochilaicus; see above, p. 4, note.)

1826 GRIMM, W. Einleitung ueber die Elfen, _Kleinere Schriften_, I,
405, esp. p. 467 (extract relating to Grendel's hatred of song). From
++_Irische Elfenmaerchen_.

1829 GRIMM, W. Die deutsche Heldensage. Goettingen. (Pp. 13-17.
Extracts from Beowulf, with translation, relating to Weland, Sigemund,
Hama and Eormenric.)

1836 KEMBLE, J. M. Ueber die Stammtafel der Westsachsen. Muenchen.
Review: J. Grimm, _Goettingische gelehrte Anziegen_, 1836, 649-57, =
_Kleinere Schriften_, V, 240.

1836 MONE, F. J. Zur Kritik des Gedichts von Beowulf (in Untersuchungen
zur Geschichte der teutschen Heldensage). Quedlinburg u. Leipzig. (Pp.
129-36.)

1839 LEO, H. Be['o]wulf ... nach seinem inhalte, und nach seinen
historischen und mythologischen beziehungen betrachtet. Halle.

1841 DISRAELI, I. Amenities of Literature. London. (Beowulf; the
Hero-Life. Vol. I, pp. 80-92.)

1841 GRUNDTVIG, N. F. S. Bjovulfs Drape, _Brage og Idun_, IV, 481-538.
(Discusses the story, with criticism of previous scholars, and
especially of Kemble.)

1843-9 GRIMM, W. Einleitung zur Vorlesung ueber Gudrun [with an
abstract of Beowulf]; see _Kleinere Schriften_, IV, 557-60.

1844 MUELLENHOFF, K. Die deutschen Voelker an Nord- und Ostsee in
aeltester Zeit, _Nordalbingische Studien_, I, 111 _etc._

1845 A brief discussion of Beowulf in _Edinburgh Review_, LXXXII,
309-11.

1845 HAUPT, M. Zum Beowulf, _Z.f.d.A._ V, 10. (Drawing attention to the
reference to Hygelac in the _liber de monstris_; see above, p. 4.)

1848 MUELLENHOFF, K. Die austrasische Dietrichssage, _Z.f.d.A._ VI, 435
_etc._

1849 MUELLENHOFF, K. Sce['a]f u. seine Nachkommen, _Z.f.d.A._ VII,
410-19; Der Mythus von Be['o]vulf, _Z.f.d.A._ VII, 419-41.

1849 GRIMM, J. Ueber das Verbrennen der Leichen, _Abhandl. d. Berl.
Akad._, 1849, 191 _etc._ = _Kleinere Schriften_, II, 211-313 (esp.
261-4).

1849 BACHLECHNER, J. Die Merovinge im Beowulf, _Z.f.d.A._ VII, 524-6.

1851 ZAPPERT, G. Virgil's Fortleben im Mittelalter, _Denkschriften der
k. Akad. Wien, Phil.-Hist. Classe_, Bd. II, Abth. 2, pp. 17-70. (Gives
numerous parallels between Virgil and "Beowulf," somewhat
indiscriminately.)

1852 BRYNJULFSSON, G. Oldengelsk og Oldnordisk, _Antikuarisk
Tidsskrift_, Kjoebenhavn, 1852-4, pp. 81-143. (An important paper which
has been unduly overlooked. Brynjulfsson notes the parallel between
Beowulf and Bjarki (see above, p. 61) and in other respects anticipates
later scholars, e.g., in noting the close relationship between Angles
and Danes (p. 143) and less fortunately (pp. 129-31) in identifying the
Geatas with the Jutes.)

1856 BACHLECHNER, J. Eomaer und Heming (Hamlac), _Germania_, I, 297-303
and 455-61.

1856 BOUTERWEK, K. W. Das Beowulflied: Eine Vorlesung; _Germania_, I,
385-418.

1857 UHLAND, L. Sigemund und Sigeferd, _Germania_, II, 344-63 =
_Schriften_, VIII, 479 _etc._ (Incl. Finnsburg.)

{399}

1858 WEINHOLD, K. Die Riesen des germanischen Mythus, _Sitzungberichte
der K. Akad., Wien, Phil-Hist. Classe_, XXVI, 225-306. (Grendel and his
mother, p. 255.)

1859 RIEGER, M. Ingaevonen, Istaevonen, Herminonen, _Z.f.d.A._ XI,
177-205.

1859 MUELLENHOFF, K. Zur Kritik des angelsaechsischen Volksepos, 2,
Widsith, _Z.f.d.A._ XI, 275-94.

1860 MUELLENHOFF, K. Zeugnisse u. Excurse zur deutschen Heldensage,
_Z.f.d.A._ XII, 253-386. (_This portion_ of vol. XII was published in
1860.)

1861 HAIGH, D. H. The Anglo-Saxon Sagas. London. (An uncritical attempt
to identify the proper names in Beowulf and Finnsburg with sites in
England.)

1862 GREIN, C. W. M. Die historischen Verhaeltnisse des Beowulfliedes,
_Eberts Jahrbuch fuer roman. u. engl. Litt._ IV, 260-85. (Incl.
Finnsburg.)

1864 ++SCHULTZE, M. Ueber das Beowulfslied. _Programm der staedtischen
Realschule zu Elbing._ (Not seen, but contents, including the mythical
interpretations current at the period, noted in _Archiv_, XXXVII, 232.)

1864 HEYNE, M. Ueber die Lage und Construction der Halle Heorot.
Paderborn.

1868 KOEHLER, A. Germanische Alterthuemer im Be['o]vulf, _Germania_,
XIII, 129-58.

1869 MUELLENHOFF, K. Die innere Geschichte des Beovulfs, _Z.f.d.A._
XIV, 193-244. (Reprinted in _Beovulf_, 1889. See above, p. 113 _etc._)

1870 KOEHLER, A. Die Einleitung des Beovulfliedes. Die beiden Episoden
von Heremod, _Z.f.d.Ph._ II, 305-21.

1875 SCHROEDER, L. Om Bjovulfs Drapen. Koebenhavn. (See above, p. 30.)

1876 BOTKINE, L. Beowulf. Analyse historique et g['e]ographique. Havre.
(Material subsequently incorporated in translation, q.v. s. 6.) Review:
Koerner, _Engl. Stud._ I, 495-6.

1877 SKEAT, W. W. The name "Beowulf," _Academy_, XI (Jan.-June), p.
163. (Suggests Beowulf = "woodpecker"; see above, pp. 365-6, _note_.)

1877 TEN BRINK, B. Geschichte der englischen Litteratur. (Beowulf,
Finnsburg, pp. 29-40.)

1877 DEDERICH, H. Historische u. geographische Studien zum ags.
Be['o]vulfliede. Koeln. (Incl. Finnsburg.) Reviews: Koerner, _Engl.
Stud._ I, 481-95; Muellenhoff, _A.f.d.A._ III, 172-82; ++Suchier,
_Jenaer Literatur-Zeitung_, XLVII, 732, 1876.

1877 HORNBURG, J. Die Composition des Beowulf. _Programm des K. Lyceums
in Metz._ Full summary by F. Hummel in _Archiv_, LXII, 231-3. See also
under 1884.

1877 SCHULTZE, M. Alt-heidnisches in der angelsaechsischen Poesie,
speciell im Beowulfsliede. Berlin.

1877 SUCHIER, H. Ueber die Sage von Offa u. Thrydho, _P.B.B._ IV,
500-21.

1878 MUELLER, N. Die Mythen im Be['o]wulf, in ihrem Verhaeltniss zur
germanischen Mythologie betrachtet. Dissertation, Heidelberg. Leipzig.

1879 LAISTNER, L. Nebelsagen. Stuttgart. (See above, p. 46, note.)

1879 SWEET, H. Old English etymologies: I, _Be['o]hata_, _Engl. Stud._
II, 312-14. (See above, p. 365.)

1880 GERING, H. Der Be['o]wulf u. die islaendische Grettissaga,
_Anglia_, III, 74-87. (Important. Gering announced Vigf['u]sson's
discovery to a wider circle of readers, with translation of the
Sandhaugar episode, and useful comment. The discovery was further
announced to American readers by GARNETT in the _American Journal of
Philology_, I, 492 (1880), though its importance was there rather
understated. See above, p. 54.)

{400}

1881 SMITH, C. SPRAGUE. Be['o]wulf Gretti, _New Englander_, XL (N. S.
IV), 49-67. (Translation of corresponding passages in Grettis saga and
Beowulf.)

1882 MARCH, F. A. The World of Beowulf, _Proceedings of Amer. Phil.
Assoc._ pp. xxi-xxiii.

1883 ROENNING, F. Beovulfs-kvadet; en literaer-historisk undersoegelse.
Koebenhavn. Review: Heinzel, _A.f.d.A._ X, 233-9. (Roenning criticises
Muellenhoff's theories of separate lays. His book and Heinzel's review
are both important.)

1883 MERBOT, R. Aesthetische Studien zur Ags. Poesie. Breslau. Reviews:
Koch, _Anglia_, VI, _Anzeiger_, 100-3; Kluge, _Engl. Stud._, VIII,
480-2.

1884 EARLE, J. Anglo-Saxon Literature (The dawn of European
Literature). London. (Pp. 120-39 deal with Beowulf. Earle holds Beowulf
to be "a genuine growth of that junction in time ... when the heathen
tales still kept their traditional interest, and yet the spirit of
Christianity had taken full possession of the Saxon mind.")

1884 FAHLBECK, P. Beowulfs-kvaedet s[oa]som kaella foer nordisk
fornhistoria, _Antikvar. tidskr. foer Sverige_, VIII, 1-87. Review:
_Academy_, XXIX, 1886, p. 12. (See above, pp. 8, 333.)

1884 HARRISON, J. A. Old Teutonic life in Beowulf, _Overland Monthly_,
Sec. Ser. vol. IV, 14-24; 152-61.

1884 HERTZ, W. Beowulf, das aelteste germanische Epos, _Nord und Sued_,
XXIX, 229-53.

1884 HORNBURG, J. Die komposition des Beovulf, _Archiv_, LXXII,
333-404. (Rejects Muellenhoff's "Liedertheorie.")

1884 KRUEGER, TH. Zum Beowulfliede. Bromberg. Reviewed favourably by
Koelbing, _Engl. Stud._ IX, 150; severely by Kluge, _Literaturblatt_,
1884, 428-9. (A useful summary, which had the misfortune to be
superseded next year by the publication of Wuelker's _Grundriss_.)

1884 KRUEGER, TH. UEber Ursprung u. Entwickelung des Beowulfliedes,
_Archiv_, LXXI, 129-52.

1884-5 EARLE, J. Beowulf, in _The Times_, London (Aug. 25, 1884, p. 6
(not signed); Oct. 29, 1885, p. 3; Sept. 30, 1885, p. 3. "The Beowulf
itself is a tale of old folk-lore which, in spite of repeated editing,
has never quite lost the old crust of its outline.... This discovery,
if established, must have the effect of quite excluding the application
of the Wolffian hypothesis to our poem.")

1885 WUELKER, R. Grundriss zur geschichte der angelsaechsischen
Litteratur. Leipzig. 6. Die angelsaechsische Heldendichtung, Beowulf,
Finnsburg, 244-315. (An important and useful summary.)

1885 LEHMANN, H. Bruenne und Helm im angelsaechsischen Beowulfliede.
Dissertation, Goettingen. Leipzig. Reviews: Wuelker, _Anglia_, VIII,
_Anzeiger_, 167-70; Schulz, _Engl. Stud._ IX, 471.

1886 SKEAT, W. W. On the signification of the monster Grendel ... with
a discussion of ll. 2076-2100. Read before the Cambridge Philological
Society. _Journal of Philology_, XV, 120-31. (Not _American Jour. of
Phil._, as frequently quoted.)

1886 SARRAZIN, G. Die Beowulfsage in Daenemark, _Anglia_, IX, 195-9;
Beowa und Boethvar, _Anglia_, IX, 200-4; Beowulf und Kynewulf,
_Anglia_, IX, 515-50; Der Schauplatz des ersten Beowulfliedes und die
Heimat des Dichters, _P.B.B._ XI, 159-83 (see above, p. 101).

1886 SIEVERS, E. Die Heimat des Beowulfdichters, _P.B.B._ XI, 354-62.

1886 SARRAZIN, G. Altnordisches im Beowulfliede, _P.B.B._ XI, 528-41.
(See above, p. 102.)

1886 SIEVERS, E. Altnordisches im Beowulf? _P.B.B._ XII, 168-200.

{401}

1886 SCHILLING, H. Notes on the Finnsaga, _M.L.N._ I, 89-92; 116-17.

1886 LEHMANN, H. Ueber die Waffen im angelsaechsischen Beowulfliede,
_Germania_, XXXI, 486-97.

1887 SCHILLING, H. The Finnsburg-fragment and the Finn-episode,
_M.L.N._ II, 146-50.

1887 MORLEY, H. Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg, in _English
Writers_, vol. I, 276-354. London.

1887 BUGGE, S. Studien ueber das Beowulfepos, _P.B.B._ XII, 1-112,
360-75. Important. (Das Finnsburgfragment, pp. 20-8.)

1887 ++SCHNEIDER, F. Der Kampf mit Grendels Mutter. _Program des
Friedrichs Real-Gymnasiums._ Berlin.

1888 TEN BRINK, B. Beowulf. Untersuchungen. (_Quellen u. Forschungen_,
LXII.) (Important. See above, p. 113.) Strassburg. Reviews: Wuelker,
_Anglia_, XI, 319-21 and _Lit. Cbl._ 1889, 251; Moeller, _Engl. Stud._
XIII, 247-315 (weighty, containing some good remarks on the
Jutes-Geatas); Koeppel, _Z.f.d.Ph._ XXIII, 113-22; Heinzel, _A.f.d.A._
XV, 153-82 (weighty); Liebermann, _Deut. Zeitschr. f.
Geschichtswissenschaft_, II, 1889, 197-9; Kraus, _D.L.Z._ XII, 1891,
1605-7, 1846: reply by ten Brink ("Beowulfkritik und _ABAB_"), _D.L.Z._
1892, 109-12.

1888 SARRAZIN, G. Beowulf-Studien. Berlin. Reviews: Koeppel, _Engl.
Stud._ XIII, 472-80; Sarrazin, Entgegnung, _Engl. Stud._ XIV, 421
_etc._, reply by Koeppel, XIV, 427; Sievers, _Z.f.d.Ph._ XXI, 366;
Dieter, _Archiv_, LXXXIII, 352-3; Heinzel, _A.f.d.A._ XV, 182-9;
Wuelker, _Lit. Cbl._ 1889, 315-16; Wuelker, _Anglia_, XI, 536-41.
Holthausen, _Literaturblatt_, 1890, 14-16; Liebermann, _Deut. Zeitschr.
f. Geschichtswissenschaft_, VI, 1891, 138; Kraus, _D.L.Z._ XII, 1891,
pp. 1822-3. (All these reviews express dissent from Sarrazin's main
conclusions, though many of them show appreciation of details in his
work. See above, p. 101.)

1888 KITTREDGE, G. L. Zu Beowulf, 107 _etc._, _P.B.B._ XIII, 210
(Cain's kin).

1889 MUELLENHOFF, K. Beovulf (pp. 110-65=_Z.f.d.A._ XIV, 193-244).
Berlin. See above, pp. 46-7, 113-15. Reviews: Schirmer, _Anglia_, XII,
465-7; Sarrazin, _Engl. Stud._ XVI, 71-85 (important); Wuelker, _Lit.
Cbl._ 1890, 58-9; Heinzel, _A.f.d.A._ XVI, 264-75 (important); Koeppel,
_Z.f.d.Ph._ XXIII, 110-13; Holthausen, _Literaturblatt_, 1890, 370-3;
Liebermann, _Deut. Zeitschr. f. Geschichtswissenschaft_, VI, 1891,
135-7; Kraus, _D.L.Z._ XII, 1891, pp. 1820-2; Logeman, _Le Moyen
[^A]ge_, III, 266-7 ("personne ne conteste plus ... que le po[`e]me se
composait originairement de plusieurs parties"). Muellenhoff's book,
like that of ten Brink, is based on assumptions generally held at the
time, but now not so widely accepted; yet it remains important.

1889 LAISTNER, L. Das Raetsel der Sphinx. Berlin. (See above, p. 67.)

1889 LUENING, O. Die Natur ... in der altgermanischen und
mittelhochdeutschen Epik. Zuerich. Reviews: Weinhold, _Z.f.d.Ph._ XXII,
246-7; Golther, _D.L.Z._ 1889, 710-2; Ballerstedt, _A.f.d.A._ XVI,
71-4; Fraenkel, _Literaturblatt_, 1890, 439-44.

1890 ++DESKAU, H. Zum studium des Beowulf. Berichte des freien
deutschen Hochstiftes, 1890. Frankfurt.

1890 ++KLOEPPER, C. Heorot-Hall in the Anglo-Saxon poem of Beowulf.
Festschrift fuer K. E. Krause. Rostock.

1891 JELLINEK, M. H. and KRAUS, C. Die Widersprueche im Beowulf,
_Z.f.d.A_, XXXV, 265-81.

1891 BUGGE, S. and OLRIK, A. Roeveren ved Gr[oa]sten og Beowulf,
_Dania_, I, 233-45.

1891 JELLINEK, M. H. Zum Finnsburgfragment, _P.B.B._ XV, 428-31.

1892 EARLE, J. The Introduction to his Translation (q.v.) gave a
summary of the controversy, with "a constructive essay."

{402}

1892 BROOKE, STOPFORD A. History of Early English Literature (Beowulf,
pp. 17-131). London. Reviews: McClumpha, _M.L.N._ VIII, 27-9, 1892
(attacks in a letter of unnecessary violence); Wuelker, _Anglia,
Beiblatt_ IV, 170-6, 225-33; Gloede, _Engl. Stud._ XXII, 264-70.

1892 GUMMERE, F. B. Germanic Origins. A study in primitive culture. New
York.

1892 FERGUSON, R. The Anglo-Saxon name Beowulf, _Athenaeum_, June, 1892
p. 763. See above, p. 368.

1892 HAACK, O. Zeugnisse zur altenglischen Heldensage. Kiel.

1892 ++KRAUS, K. Hrodulf. (P. Moneta, zum 40 jaehr. Dienstjub.) Wien.
(p. 4 _etc._)

1892 OLRIK, A. Er Uffesagnet indvandret fra England? _A.f.n.F._ VIII
(N.F. IV), 368-75.

1892 SARRAZIN, G. Die Abfassungszeit des Beowulfliedes, _Anglia_, XIV,
399-415.

1892 SIEVERS, E. Sceaf in den nordischen Genealogien, _P.B.B._ XVI,
361-3.

1892 KOEGEL, R. Beowulf, _Z.f.d.A._ XXXVII, 268-76. (Etymology of the
name.) Discussed by Sievers, _P.B.B._ XVIII, 413. See above, p. 367,
footnote.

1893 WARD, H. L. D. Catalogue of Romances in the British Museum;
Beowulf: vol. II, pp. 1-15, 741-3.

1893 TEN BRINK, B. Altenglische Literatur, _Pauls Grdr._(1), II, I,
510-50. (Finnsburg, 545-50.)

1894 MCNARY, S. J. Beowulf and Arthur as English Ideals, _Poet-Lore_,
VI, 529-36.

1894 ++DETTER, F. Ueber die Headhobarden im Beowulf, _Verhandl. d.
Wiener Philologenversammlung_, Mai, 1893. Leipzig, p. 404 _etc._
(Argues that the story is not historical, but mythical--_Ragnarok_.)

1895 SIEVERS, E. Beowulf und Saxo, _Berichte der kgl. saechs.
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften_, XLVII, 175-93. (Important, see above,
pp. 90-7.)

1895 BINZ, G. Zeugnisse zur germanischen sage in England, _P.B.B._ XX,
141-223. (A most useful collection, though the significance of many of
the names collected is open to dispute.)

1895 KLUGE, F. Zeugnisse zur germanischen sage in England, _Engl.
Stud._ XXI, 446-8.

1895-6 KLUGE, F. Der Beowulf u. die Hrolfs Saga Kraka, _Engl. Stud._
XXII, 144-5.

1896 Sarrazin, G. Neue Beowulf-studien, _Engl. Stud._ XXIII, 221-67.

1897 Ker, W. P. Epic and Romance. London. (Beowulf, pp. 182-202.
Important. See above, p. 116.) Reviews: Fischer, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, X,
133-5; Brandl, _Archiv_, C, 198-200. New edit. 1908.

1897 BLACKBURN, F. A. The Christian coloring in the Beowulf, _Pub. Mod.
Lang. Assoc. Amer._ XII, 205-25. (See above, p. 125.)

1897 SARRAZIN, G. Die Hirschhalle, _Anglia_, XIX, 368-92; Der
Balder-kultus in Lethra, _ibid._ 392-7; Rolf Krake und sein Vetter im
Beowulfliede, _Engl. Stud._ XXIV, 144-5. (Important. See above, p. 31.)

1897 HENNING, R. Sceaf und die westsaechsische Stammtafel, _Z.f.d.A._
XLI, 156-69.

1898 ARNOLD, T. Notes on Beowulf. London. Reviews: Hulme, _M.L.N._ XV,
22-6, 1900; Sarrazin, _Engl. Stud._ XXVIII, 410-18; Garnett, _Amer.
Jour. of Phil._ XX, 443.

1898 NIEDNER, F. Die Dioskuren im Beowulf, _Z.f.d.A._ XLII, 229-58.

1899 COOK, A. S. An Irish Parallel to the Beowulf Story, _Archiv_,
CIII, 154-6.

1899 AXON, W. E. A. A reference to the evil eye in Beowulf, _Trans. of
the Royal Soc. of Literature_, London. (Very slight.)

{403}

1899 ++FURST, CLYDE. "Beowulf" in "A Group of Old Authors."
Philadelphia. (Popular.) Review: Child, _M.L.N._ XV, 31-2.

1900 FOERSTER, MAX. B[^e]owulf-Materialien, zum Gebrauch bei
Vorlesungen. Braunschweig. Reviews: Holthausen, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XI,
289; Behagel, _Literaturblatt_, 1902, 67 (very brief).

1908. 2 Aufl.

1912. 3 Aufl. Review: Wild, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXIV, 166-7.

1901 POWELL, F. YORK. Beowulf and Watanabe-No-Tsema, _Furnivall
Miscellany_, pp. 395-6. Oxford. (A parallel from Japanese legend.)

1901 LEHMANN, E. Fandens Oldemor, _Dania_, VIII, 179-94. Repeated
("Teuffels Grossmutter"), _Archiv f. Religionswiss._ VIII, 411-30. (See
above, p. 49, note, and p. 381.)

1901 ++OTTO, E. Typische Motive in dem weltlichen Epos der
Angelsachsen. Berlin. Reviews: Binz, _Engl. Stud._ XXXII, 401-5; Spies,
_Archiv_, CXV, 222.

1901 OHLENBECK, C. C. Het B['e]owulf-epos als geschiedbron,
_Tijdschrift voor nederlandsche taal- en letterkunde_, XX (N. R. XII),
169-96.

1902 _Gerould, G. H._ Offa and Labhraidh Maen, _M.L.N._ XVII, 201-3.
(An Irish parallel of the story of the dumb young prince.)

1902 GOUGH, A. B. The Constance-Saga. Berlin. (The "Thrytho saga," pp.
53-83.) Reviews: Eckhardt, _Engl. Stud._ XXXII, 110-3; Weyrauch,
_Archiv_, CXI, 453.

1902 BOER, R. C. Die B['e]owulfsage. I. Mythische reconstructionen; II.
Historische untersuchung der ueberlieferung; _A.f.n.F._ XIX (N. F. XV),
19-88.

1902 BRANDL, A. Ueber den gegenwaertigen Stand der Beowulf-Forschung,
_Archiv_, CVIII, 152-5.

1903 ANDERSON, L. F. The Anglo-Saxon Scop. (_Univ. of Toronto Studies,
Phil. Ser. 1._) Review: Heusler, _A.f.d.A._ XXXI, 113-5.

1903 OLRIK, A. Danmarks Heltedigtning: I, Rolf Krake og den aeldre
Skjoldungraekke. Kobenhavn. (Most important.) Reviews: Heusler,
_A.f.d.A._ XXX, 26-36; Golther, _Literaturblatt_, XXVIII, 1907, pp.
8-9; Ranisch, _A.f.d.A._ XXI, 276-80. Revised translation 1919 (q.v.).

1903 ++BOER, R. C. Eene episode uit den Beowulf, _Handelingen van het 3
nederl. phil. congres._, p. 84 _etc._

1903 A Summary of the _Lives of the Offas_, with reproductions of a
number of the drawings in _MS Cotton Nero D. I_, in _The Ancestor_, V,
99-137.

1903 HART, J. M. Allotria [on the forms _B[=e]anst[=a]n_, l. 524 and
_Thr[=y]dho_, l. 1931], _M.L.N._ XVIII, 117.

1903 STJERNA, K. Hjaelmar och svaerd i Beovulf, _Studier tillaegnade O.
Montelius_, 99-120. Stockholm. See above, pp. 346 _etc._

1903-4 BOER, R. C. Finnsage und Nibelungen-sage, _Z.f.d.A._ XLVII,
125-60.

1904 RICKERT, E. The O.E. Offa-saga, _Mod. Phil._ II, 29-76 and 321-76.
(Important. See above, pp. 34 _etc._)

1904 HAGEN, S. N. Classical names and stories in Beowulf, _M.L.N._ XIX,
65-74 and 156-65. (Very fantastic).

1904 STJERNA, K. Vendel och Vendelkr[oa]ka, _A.f.n.F._ XXI (N. F.
XVII), 71-80. (Most important: see above, pp. 343-5.)

1904 ++VETTER, F. Beowulf und das altdeutsche Heldenzeitalter in
England, _Deutschland_, III, 558-71.

1905 MOORMAN, F. W. The interpretation of nature in English poetry from
Beowulf to Shakespeare. Strassburg. _Quellen u. Forschungen_, 95.

{404}

1905 ROUTH, J. E. Two studies on the Ballad Theory of the Beowulf: I.
The Origin of the Grendel legend; II. Irrelevant Episodes and
Parentheses as features of Anglo-Saxon Poetic Style. Baltimore.
Reviews: Eckhardt, _Engl. Stud._ XXXVII, 404-5; Heusler, _A.f.d.A._
XXXI, 115-16; Schuecking, _D.L.Z._ 1905, pp. 1908-10.

1905 HEUSLER, A. Lied und Epos in germanischer Sagendichtung. Dortmund.
(See above, p. 116.) Reviews: Kauffmann, _Z.f.d.Ph._ XXXVIII, 546-8;
Seemueller, _A.f.d.A._ XXXIV, 129-35; Meyer, _Archiv_, CXV, 403-4;
Helm, _Literaturblatt_, XXVIII, 237-8.

1905 SCHUECKING, L. L. Beowulfs Rueckkehr. (_Morsbachs Studien_, XXI.)
Halle. (Important: see above, pp. 118-20.) Review: Brandl, _Archiv_,
CXV, 421-3 (dissenting).

1905 SCHUECK, H. Studier i Ynglingatal, I-III. Uppsala.

1905 HANSCOM, E. D. The Feeling for Nature in Old English Poetry,
_J.E.G.Ph._ V, 439-63.

1905 SARRAZIN, G. Neue Beowulf Studien, _Engl. Stud._ XXXV, 19-27.

1905 STJERNA, K. Skoelds haedanfaerd, _Studier tillaegnade H. Schueck_,
110-34. Stockholm.

1905 ++STJERNA, K. Svear och Goetar under folkvandringstiden, _Svenska
Foernminnesforeningens Tidskr._ XII, 339-60. (Transl. by Clark Hall in
_Essays_. See under 1912.)

1905-6 RIEGER, M. Zum Kampf in Finnsburg, _Z.f.d.A._ XLVIII, 9-12.

1905-6 HEUSLER, A. Zur Skioeldungendichtung, _Z.f.d.A._ XLVIII, 57-87.

1905-6 NECKEL, J. Studien ueber Fr['o]dhi, _Z.f.d.A._ XLVIII, 163-86.

1905-7 STJERNA, K. Arkeologiska anteckningar till Beovulf, _Kungl.
vitterhets akademiens m[oa]nadsblad_ for 1903-5 (1907), pp. 436-51.

1906 EMERSON, O. F. Legends of Cain, especially in Old and Middle
English (see particularly s. VI, "Cain's Descendants"), _Pub. Mod.
Lang. Assoc. Amer._ XXI, 831-929. (Important.)

1906 SKEMP, A. R. Transformation of scriptural story, motive, and
conception in Anglo-Saxon poetry, _Mod. Phil._ IV, 423-70.

1906 DUFF, J. W. Homer and Beowulf: a literary parallel, _Saga-Book of
the Viking Club_. London.

1906 MORSBACH, L. Zur datierung des Beowulf-epos, _Nachrichten der kgl.
Ges. d. Wiss. zu Goettingen, Phil.-Hist. Klasse_, pp. 252-77.
(Important. See above, pp. 107-12.)

1906 PFAENDLER, W. Die Vergnuegungen der Angelsachsen, _Anglia_, XXIX,
417-526.

1906 GARLANDA, F. B['e]owulf. Origini, bibliografia, metrica ...
significato storico, etico, sociologico. Roma. (Slight.)

1906 STJERNA, K. Drakskatten i Beovulf, _Fornvaennen_, I, 119-44.

1907 CHADWICK, H. M. Origin of the English Nation. Cambridge.
(Important.) Reviews: Andrews, _M.L.N._ XXIII, 261-2; Chambers,
_M.L.R._ IV, 262-6; Schuette, _A.f.n.F._ XXV (N. F. XXI), 310-32 (an
elaborate discussion of early Germanic ethnology and geography);
Huchon, _Revue Germanique_, III, 625-31.

1907 CHADWICK, H. M. "Early National Poetry," in _Cambridge History of
English Literature_, vol. I, 19-32, 421-3. Important. See above, pp.
122-6.

1907 HART, WALTER MORRIS. Ballad and Epic. Boston: Harvard _Studies and
Notes in Philology and Literature_. (Important: see above, p. 116.)
Review: _Archiv_, CXIX, 468.

1907 OLRIK, A. Nordisk Aandsliv i Vikingetid og tidlig Middelalder.
Koebenhavn og Kristiania. (Translated into German by W. Ranisch, 1908,
as "Nordisches Geistesleben.")

{405}

1907 SCHUECK, H. Folknamnet Geatas i den fornengelska dikten Beowulf.
Uppsala. (Important. See above, pp. 8-10, 333 _etc._) Reviews: Mawer,
_M.L.R._ IV, 273; Freeburg, _J.E.G.Ph._ XI, 279-83.

1907 COOK, A. S. Various notes, _M.L.N._ XXI, 146-7. (Further classical
parallels to Beowulf, 1408 ff., in succession to a parallel from Seneca
quoted in _M.L.N._ XVII, 209-10.)

1907 SARRAZIN, G. Zur Chronologie u. Verfasserfrage Ags. Dichtungen,
_Engl. Stud._ XXXVIII, 145 _etc._, esp. 170-95 (Das Beowulflied und die
aeltere Genesis).

1907 BRANDL, A. Entstehungsgeschichte des Beowulfepos. A five-line
summary of this lecture is given in the _Sitzungsberichte d. k. preuss.
Akad. Phil.-Hist. Classe_, p. 615.

1907 HOLTHAUSEN, F. Zur altenglischen literatur--Zur datierung des
Beowulf, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XVIII, 77.

1907 ++GRUENER, H. Mathei Parisiensis vitae duorum Offarum, in ihrer
manuskript- und textgeschichte. Dissertation, Munich. Kaiserslautern.

1908 BRANDL, A. Geschichte der alteng. Literatur. (Offprint from _Pauls
Grdr._(2): Beowulf, pp. 988-1024; Finnsburg, pp. 983-6; an exceedingly
useful and discriminating summary.)

1908 SCHUECKING, L. L. Das Angelsaechsische Totenklagelied, _Engl.
Stud._ XXXIX, 1-13.

1908 WEYHE, H. Koenig Ongentheow's Fall, _Engl. Stud._ XXXIX, 14-39.

1908 NECKEL, G. Beitraege zur Eddaforschung; Anhang: Die altgermanische
heldenklage (pp. 495-6: cf. p. 376). Dortmund.

1908 KLAEBER, F. Zum Finnsburg Kampfe, _Engl. Stud._ XXXIX, 307-8.

1908 BJOERKMAN, E. Ueber den Namen der Jueten, _Engl. Stud._ XXXIX,
356-61.

1908 LEVANDER, L. Sagotraditioner om Sveakonungen Adils, _Antikvarisk
Tidskrift foer Sverige_, XVIII, 3.

1908 STJERNA, K. Fasta fornlaemningar i Beovulf, _Antikvarisk Tidskrift
foer Sverige_, XVIII, 4.

1908 GRAU, G. Quellen u. Verwandtschaften der aelteren germanischen
Darstellungen des juengsten Gerichtes. Halle. (See esp. pp. 145-56.)
Review: Guntermann, _Z.f.d.Ph._ XLI, 401-415.

1909 SCHUECK, H. Studier i Beowulfsagan. Uppsala. Review: Freeburg,
_J.E.G.Ph._ XI, 488-97 (a very useful summary).

1909 LAWRENCE, W. W. Some disputed questions in Beowulf-criticism,
_Pub. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer._ XXIV, 220-73. (Very important.) Review:
Brandl, _Archiv_, CXXIII, 473.

1909 EHRISMANN, G. Religionsgeschichtliche Beitraege zum germanischen
Fruehchristentum, _P.B.B._ XXXV, 209-39.

1909 BUGGE, S. Die Heimat der Altnordischen Lieder von den Welsungen u.
den Nibelungen, II, _P.B.B._ XXXV, 240-71.

1909 DEUTSCHBEIN, M. Die Sagenhistorischen u. literarischen Grundlagen
des Beowulfepos, _Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift_, I, 103-19.

1910 OLRIK, A. Danmarks Heltedigtning: II, Starkad den gamle og den
yngre Skjoldungraekke. Koebenhavn. (Most important.) Reviews: Heusler,
_A.f.d.A._ XXXV, 169-83 (important); Ussing, _Danske Studier_, 1910,
193-203; Boer, _Museum_, XIX, 1912, 171-4.

1910 PANZER, F. Studien zur germanischen Sagengeschichte. I. Beowulf.
Muenchen. (Most important: see above, pp. 62-8; 365-81. Valuable
criticisms and modifications are supplied by the reviews, more
particularly perhaps that of von Sydow (_A.f.d.A._ XXXV, 123-31), but
also in the elaborate discussions of Heusler (_Engl. Stud._ XLII,
289-98), Binz (_Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXIV, 321-37), Brandl (_Archiv_,
CXXVI, 231-5), Kahle {406} (_Z.f.d.Ph._ XLIII, 383-94) and the briefer
ones of Lawrence (_M.L.N._ XXVII, 57-60) Sedgefield _(M.L.R._ VI,
128-31) and Golther (_Neue Jahrbuecher f. das klassische Altertum_,
XXV, 610-13).)

1910 BRADLEY, H. Beowulf, in _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, III, pp.
758-61. (Important. See above, pp. 121, 127-8.)

1910 SCHUECK, H. Sveriges foerkristna konungalaengd. Uppsala.

1910 CLARK HALL, J. R. A note on Beowulf, 1142-5, _M.L.N._ XXV, 113-14.
_(H[=u]nl[=a]fing._)

1910 SARRAZIN, G. Neue Beowulf-studien, _Engl. Stud._ XLII, 1-37.

1910 KLAEBER, F. Die aeltere Genesis und der Beowulf, _Engl. Stud._
XLII, 321-38.

1910 HEUSLER, A. Zeitrechnung im Beowulf-epos, _Archiv_, CXXIV, 9-14.

1910 NECKEL, G. Etwas von germanischer Sagenforschung, _Germ.-Rom.
Monatsschrift_, II, 1-14.

1910 SMITHSON, G. A. The Old English Christian Epic ... in comparison
with the Beowulf. Berkeley. _Univ. of California Pub. in Mod. Phil._
(See particularly pp. 363-8, 376-90.)

1911 CLARKE, M. G. Sidelights on Teutonic History. Cambridge. Reviews:
Mawer, _M.L.N._ VII, 126-7; Chambers, _Engl. Stud._ XLVIII, 166-8;
Fehr, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXVI, 19-20; Imelmann, _D.L.Z._ XXXIV, 1913,
1062 _etc._

1911-19 HEUSLER, A. A series of articles in Hoops' _Reallexikon_:
Beowulf, Dichtung, Ermenrich, Gautensagen, Heldensage, Hengest,
Heremod, Offa, Skj[o,]ldungar, Ynglingar, _etc._ Strassburg.
(Important.)

1911 NECKEL, G. Ragnacharius von Cambrai, _Festschrift zur
Jahrhundertfeier der Universitaet zu Breslau = Mitt. d. Schlesischen
Gesellschaft fuer Volkskunde_, XIII-XIV, 121-54. (A historical parallel
between the treatment of Ragnachar by Chlodowech and that of Hrethric
by Hrothulf.)

1911 SCHOENFELD, M. Worterbuch der altgermanischen Personen- und
Voelkernamen. Heidelberg. See also Schuette, Noter til Schoenfelds
Navnesamling, in _A.f.n.F._ XXXIII, 22-49.

1911 KLAEBER, F. Aeneis und Beowulf, _Archiv_, CXXVI, 40-8, 339-59.
(Important: see above, p. 330.)

1911 LIEBERMANN, F. Grendel als Personenname, _Archiv_, CXXVI, 180.

1911-12 KLAEBER, F. Die Christlichen Elemente im Beowulf, _Anglia_,
XXXV, 111-36, 249-70, 453-82; XXXVI, 169-99. (Most important:
demonstrates the fundamentally Christian character of the poem.)

1912 CHADWICK, H. Munro. The Heroic Age. Cambridge. (Important: see
above, p. 122.) Reviews: Mawer, _M.L.R._ VIII, 207-9; Chambers, _Engl.
Stud._ XLVIII, 162-6.

1912 STJERNA, K. Essays on questions connected with the O.E. poem of
Beowulf, transl. and ed. by John R. Clark Hall, (Viking Club),
Coventry. (Important: see above, pp. 346 _etc._) Reviews: Klaeber,
_J.E.G.Ph._ XIII, 167-73, weighty; Mawer, _M.L.N._ VIII, 242-3;
_Athenaeum_, 1913, I, 459-60; Brandl, _Archiv_, CXXXII, 238-9;
Schuette, _A.f.n.F._ XXXIII, 64-96, elaborate; Olrik, _Nord. Tidskr. f.
Filol._ IV, 2. 127; Mogk, _Historische Vierteljahrsschrift_, XVIII,
196-7.

1912 CHAMBERS, R. W. Widsith: a study in Old English heroic legend.
Cambridge. Reviews: Mawer, _M.L.R._ VIII, 118-21; Lawrence, _M.L.N._
XXVIII, 53-5; Fehr, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXVI, 289-95; Jordan, _Engl.
Stud._ XLV, 300-2; Berendsohn, _Literaturblatt_, XXXV (1914), 384-6.

1912 BOER, R. C. Die Altenglische Heldendichtung. I. B['e]owulf. Halle.
(Important.) Reviews: ++Jantzen, _Z. f. franzoesischen u. englischen
Unterricht_, XIII, 546-7; Berendsohn, _Literaturblatt_, XXXV, 152-4;
Dyboski, _Allgemeines Literaturblatt_, XXII, 1913, 497-9; Imelmann,
_D.L.Z._ XXXIV, 1913, 1062-6 (weighty criticisms); Barnouw, _Museum_,
XXI, 53-8.

{407}

1912 VON DER LEYEN, F. Die deutschen Heldensagen (Beowulf, pp. 107-23,
345-7). Muenchen.

1912 MEYER, W. Beitraege zur Geschichte der Eroberung Englands.
Dissertation, Halle. (Finn story.)

1912 LAWRENCE, W. W. The haunted mere in Beowulf. _Pub. Mod. Lang.
Assoc. Amer._ XXVII, 208-45. (Important. See above, pp. 52-3.)

1912 SCHUETTE, G. The Geats of Beowulf, _J.E.G.Ph._ XI, 574-602. (See
above, pp. 8, 333 _etc._)

1912 STEFANOVI[VC], S. Ein beitrag zur angelsaechsischen Offa-sage,
_Anglia_, XXXV, 483-525.

1912 MUCH, R. Grendel, _W[=o]rter u. Sachen_, IV, 170-3. (Deriving
_Vendsyssel_, Vandal, and the _Wendle_ of Beowulf from _wandil_--"a
bough, wand.")

1912 CHAMBERS, R. W. Six thirteenth century drawings illustrating the
story of Offa and of Thryth (Drida) from _MS Cotton Nero D. I._ London,
_privately printed_.

1913 ++FAHLBECK, P. Beowulfskvaedet som kaella foer nordisk
fornhistoria. (Stockholm, _N. F. K. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets
Akademiens Handlingar_, 13, 3.) Review: Klaeber, _Engl. Stud._ XLVIII,
435-7.

1913 NERMAN, B. Studier oever Svaerges hedna litteratur. Uppsala.

1913 NERMAN, B. Vilka konungar ligga i Uppsala hoegar? Uppsala.

1913 LAWRENCE, W. W. The Breca episode in Beowulf (Anniversary papers
to G. L. Kittredge). Boston.

1913 SARRAZIN, G. Von Kaedmon bis Kynewulf. Berlin. Reviews: Dudley,
_J.E.G.Ph._ XV, 313-17; Berendsohn, _Literaturblatt_, XXXV (1914),
386-8; Funke, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXXI, 121-33.

1913 THOMAS, P. G. Beowulf and Daniel A, _M.L.R._ VIII, 537-9.
(Parallels between the two poems.)

1913 BELDEN, H. M. Onela the Scylfing and Ali the Bold, _M.L.N._
XXVIII, 149-53.

1913 STEDMAN, D. Some points of resemblance between Beowulf and the
Grettla (or Grettis Saga). From the _Saga Book of the Viking Club_,
London. (It should have been held unnecessary to prove the relationship
yet once again.)

1913 VON SYDOW, C. W. Irisches in Beowulf[874]. (_Verhandlungen der 52
Versammlung deutscher Philologen in Marburg_, pp. 177-80.)

1913 BERENDSOHN, W. A. Drei Schichten dichterischer Gestaltung im
Beowulfepos, _Muenchener Museum_, II, i, pp. 1-33.

1913 DEUTSCHBEIN, M. Beowulf der Gautenkoenig, _Festschrift fuer Lorenz
Morsbach_, Halle, pp. 291-7, _Morsbachs Studien_, L. (Very important.
Expresses very well, and with full working out of details, the doubts
which some of us had already felt as to the historic character of the
reign of Beowulf over the Geatas.)

{408}

1913 BENARY, W. Zum Beowulf-Grendelsage, _Archiv_, CXXX, 154-5.
(Graendelsm[^o]r in Siebenbuergen: see above, p. 308.)

1913 KLAEBER, F. Das Graendelsm[^o]r--eine Frage, _Archiv_, CXXXI, 427.

1913 BRATE, E. Betydelsen av ortnamnet Skaelv [cf. Scilfingas], _Namn
och Bygd_, I, 102-8.

1914 MUELLER, J. Das Kulturbild des Beowulfepos. Halle. _Morsbachs
Studien_, LIII. Reviews: Klaeber, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXVII, 241-4;
Brunner, _Archiv_, CXXXVIII, 242-3.

1914 MOORMAN, F. W. English place-names and Teutonic Sagas, in _Essays
and Studies by members of the English Association_, vol. V, pp. 75-103.
(Argues that "Gilling" and other place-names in Yorkshire, point to an
early colony of Scandinavian "Gautar," who may have been instrumental
in introducing Scandinavian traditions into England.)

1914 OLSON, O. L. Beowulf and the Feast of Bricriu, _Mod. Phil._ XI,
407-27. (Emphasises the slight character of the parallels noted by
Deutschbein.)

1914 VON SYDOW, C. W. Grendel i anglosaxiska ortnamn, in _Nordiska
Ortnamn, hyllningsskrift tillaegnad Adolf Noreen_, Uppsala, pp.
160-4=_Namn och Bygd_, II. (Important).

1915 KIER, CHR. Beowulf, et Bidrag til Nordens Oldhistorie. Koebenhavn.
(An elaborate and painstaking study of the historic problems of
Beowulf, vitiated throughout by quite unjustifiable assumptions. See
above, p. 333 _etc._) Review: Bjoerkmann, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXVII,
244-6.

1915 BRADLEY, H. The Numbered Sections in Old English Poetical MSS,
_Proc. Brit. Acad._ vol. VII.

1915 LAWRENCE, W. W. Beowulf and the tragedy of Finnsburg, _Pub. Mod.
Lang. Assoc. Amer._ XXX, 372-431. (Important. An excellent survey of
the Finnsburg problems.)

1915 VAN SWERINGEN, G. F. The main ... types of men in the Germanic
Hero-Sagas, _J.E.G.Ph._ XIV, 212-25.

1915-19 LINDROTH, H. Aer Sk[oa]ne de gamles Scadinavia? _Namn och
Bygd_, III, 1915, 10-28. Lindroth denied that the two words are the
same, and was answered by A. Kock (_A.f.n.F._ XXXIV, 1917, 71 _etc._),
A. Noreen (in ++_Studier tillegn. E. Tegn['e]r_, 1918) and E. Bjoerkman
("Scedeland, Scedenig," _Namn och Bygd_, VI, 1918, 162-8). Lindroth
replied ("Aero Scadinavia och Sk[oa]ne samma ord," _A.f.n.F._ XXXV,
1918, 29 _etc._, and "Skandinavien och Sk[oa]ne," _Namn och Bygd_, VI,
1918, 104-12) and was answered by Kock ("Vidare om Sk[oa]ne och
Scadinavia," _A.f.n.F._ XXXVI, 74-85). Bjoerkman's discussion is the
one of chief importance to students of Beowulf.

1915 KLAEBER, F. Observations on the Finn episode, _J.E.G.Ph._ XIV,
544-9.

1915 ANSCOMBE, A. Beowulf in High-Dutch saga, _Notes and Queries_, Aug.
21, 1915, pp. 133-4.

1915 BERENDSOHN, WALTER A. Die Gelage am Daenenhof zu Ehren Beowulfs,
_Muenchener Museum_, III, i, 31-55.

1915-16 PIZZO, E. Zur frage der aesthetischen einheit des Beowulf,
_Anglia_, XXXIX, 1-15. (Sees in Beowulf the uniform expression of the
early Anglo-Saxon Christian ideal.)

1916 OLSON, O. L. The relation of the Hr['o]lfs Saga Kraka and the
Bjarkar['i]mur to Beowulf. Chicago. (Olson emphasises that the monster
slain by Bjarki in the _Saga_ does not attack the hall, but the cattle
outside, and is therefore a different kind of monster from Grendel (p.
30). But he does not disprove the general equation of Beowulf and
Bjarki: many of the most striking points of resemblance, such as the
support given to Eadgils (Athils) against Onela (Ali), lie outside the
scope of his study.) Review: Hollander, _J.E.G.Ph._ XVI, 147-9.

{409}

1916 NECKEL, G. Adel und gefolgschaft, _P.B.B._ XLI, 385-436 (esp. pp.
410 ff. for social conditions in Beowulf).

1917 FLOM, G. T. Alliteration and Variation in Old Germanic name
giving, _M.L.N._ XXXII, 7-17.

1917 MEAD, G. W. Widher[gh]yld of Beowulf, 2051, _M.L.N._ XXXII, 435-6.
(Suggests, very reasonably, that Widher[gh]yld is the father of the
young Heathobard warrior who is stirred to revenge.)

1917 AYRES, H. M. The tragedy of Hengest in Beowulf, _J.E.G.Ph._ XVI,
282-95. (See above, pp. 266-7.)

1917 AURNER, N. S. An analysis of the interpretations of the Finnsburg
documents. (_Univ. of Iowa Monographs: Humanistic Studies_, I, 6.)

1917 BJOERKMAN, E. Zu ae. _Eote_, _Yte_, usw., daen. _Jyder_, "Jueten,"
_Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXVIII, 275-80. (See above, p. 334.)

1917 ROOTH, E. G. T. Der name Grendel in der Beowulfsage, _Anglia,
Beiblatt_, XXVIII, 335-40. (Etymologies. Grendel is the "sandman," a
man-eating monster of the sea-bottom. With this, compare Panzer's
interpretation of Grendel as the "earthman." See above, p. 309.)

1917 SCHUECKING, L. L. Wann entstand der Beowulf? Glossen, Zweifel und
Fragen, _P.B.B._ XLII, 347-410. (Important. See above, pp. 322-32.)

1917 FOG, REGINALD. Trolden "Grendel" i Bjovulf: en hypothese, _Danske
Studier_, 1917, 134-40. (Grendel is here interpreted as an infectious
disease, prevalent among those who sleep in an ill-ventilated hall in a
state of intoxication, but to which Beowulf, whose health has been
confirmed by a recent sea-voyage, is not liable. This view is not as
new as its author believes it to be, and a letter from von Holstein
Rathlau is added, pointing this out. It might further have been pointed
out that as early as 1879 Grendel was explained as the malaria. Cf. the
theories of Laistner, Koegel and Golther, and see above, p. 46.)

1917 NEUHAUS, J. Sillende = vetus patria = Angel, _Nordisk Tidsskrift
foer Filologi_, IV. Raekke, Bd. V, 125-6; Helges Prinsesse Sv[oa]v[oa]
= Eider = den svebiske Flod hos Ptolemaeos, VI, 29-32; Halfdan = Frode
= Hadbardernes Konge, hvis Rige forenes med det danske, VI, 78-80;
Vestgermanske Navne i dansk Historie og Sprog, 141-4. The inherent
difficulty of the subject is enhanced by the obscurity of the writer's
style: but much of the argument (e.g. that Halfdan and Frode are
identical) is obviously based upon quite reckless conjectures. The
question is complicated by political feeling: many of Neuhaus'
arguments are repeated in his pamphlet, _Die Frage von Nordschleswig im
Lichte der neuesten vorgeschichtlichen Untersuchungen_, Jena, 1919. His
theories were vigorously refuted by G. SCHUETTE, "Urjyske
'Vestgermaner,'" _Nordisk Tidsskrift foer Filologi_, IV. Raekke, Bd.
VII, 129 _etc._

1917 ++FREDBORG. Det foersta [oa]rtalet i Sveriges historia. Ume[oa].

1917 NERMAN, B. Ynglingasagan i arkeologisk belysning, _Fornvaennen_,
1917, 226-61.

1917 NERMAN, B. Ottar Vendelkr[oa]ka och Ottarshoegen i Vendel,
_Upplands Fornminnesfoerenings Tidskrift_, VII, 309-34.

1917 BJOERKMAN, E. B[=e]owulf och Sveriges Historia, _Nordisk
Tidskrift_, 1917, 161-79.

1917-18 ++VON SYDOW, C. W. Draken som skattevaktare, _Danmarks
folkeminder_, XVII, 103 _etc._

1918 HACKENBERG, E. Die Stammtafeln der angelsaechsischen Koenigreiche,
Dissertation, Berlin. (A useful collection.) Reviews: Fischer, _Anglia,
Beiblatt_, XXXI, 73-4; Ekwall, _Engl. Stud._ LIV, 307-10; Liebemann,
_D.L.Z._ 1 March, 1919.

1918 LAWRENCE, W. W. The dragon and his lair in Beowulf, _Pub. Mod.
Lang. Assoc. Amer._ XXXIII, 547-83.

{410}

1918 BELDEN, H. M. Beowulf 62, once more, _M.L.N._ XXXIII, 123.

1918 BELDEN, H. M. Scyld Scefing and Huck Finn, _M.L.N._ XXXIII, 315.

1918 KLAEBER, F. Concerning the relation between Exodus and Beowulf,
_M.L.N._ XXXIII, 218-24.

1918 BJOERKMAN, E. B[=e]ow, B[=e]aw, und B[=e]owulf, _Engl. Stud._ LII,
145-93. (Very important. See above, p. 304.)

1918 BRANDL, A. Die Urstammtafel der Westsachsen und das Beowulf-Epos,
_Archiv_, CXXXVII, 6-24. (See above, p. 200, note.)

1918 BRANDL, A. Die urstammtafel der englischen koenige,
_Sitzungsberichte d. k. preuss. Akad., Phil.-Hist. Classe_, p. 5. (Five
line summary only published).

1918 ++BJOERKMAN, E. B[=e]owulf-forskning och mytologi, _Finsk
Tidskrift_, 151 _etc._ (Cf. _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXX, 207.)

1918 BJOERKMAN, E. Skoeldungaaettens mytiska stamfaeder, _Nordisk
Tidskrift_, 163 _etc._

1918 V. UNWERTH, W. Eine schwed. Heldensage als deutsches Volksepos,
_A.f.n.F._ XXXV, 113-37. (An attempt to connect the story of Hygelac
and Haethcyn with the M.H.G. _Herbort [^u]z Tenelant_.)

1918 NEUHAUS, J. Om Skjold, _A.f.n.F._ XXXV, 166-72. (A dogmatic
assertion of errors in Olrik's arguments in the _Heltedigtning_.)

1918 CLAUSEN, H. V. Kong Hugleik, _Danske Studier_, 137-49.
(Conjectures based upon the assumption Geatas = Jutes.)

1918 ++LUND University "Festskrift" contains NORLIND, Skattsaegner; VON
SYDOW, Sigurds strid med Favne.

1919 OLRIK, A. The heroic legends of Denmark translated ... and revised
in collaboration with the author by Lee M. Hollander. New York. (Very
important.) Review: Flom, _J.E.G.Ph._ XIX, 284-90.

1919 BJOERKMAN, E. Bedwig in den westsaechsischen genealogien, _Anglia,
Beiblatt_, XXX, 23.

1919 BJOERKMAN, E. Zu einigen Namen im B[=e]owulf: _Breca_,
_Brondingas_, _Wealhth[=e]o(w)_; _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXX, 170-80.

1919 MOGK, E. Altgermanische Spukgeschichten: Zugleich ein Beitrag zur
Erklaerung der Grendelepisode im Beowulf, _Neue Jahrbuecher fuer das
klass. altertum ... und deutsche literatur_, XXXIV, 103-17. (Mogk here
abandons his older allegorical interpretation of Grendel as the
destroying power of the sea, and sees in the Grendel-story a Germanic
ghost-tale, poetically adorned.)

1919 BJOERKMAN, E. Skialf och Skilfing [edited by E. Ekwall, with a
note on Bjoerkman's work], _Namn och Bygd_, VII, 163-81.

1919 LINDERHOLM, E. Vendelshoegens konunganamn i socknens
1600-tals-tradition, _Namn och Bygd_, VII, 36-40.

1919 FOG, R. Bjarkemaals "Hjalte," _Danske Studier_, 1919, 29-35. (With
a letter from A. Olrik.)

1919 SEVERINSEN, P. Kong Hugleiks Doedsaar, _Danske Studier_, 1919, 96.

1920 IMELMANN, R. Forschungen zur altenglischen Poesie. (IX. Hengest u.
Finn; X. _Enge [=a]npadhas, unc[=u]dh gel[=a]d_; XII. _Thr[=y]dho_;
XIII. _H[=ae]thenra hyht._) Berlin. (A weighty statement of some
original views).

1920 BJOERKMAN, E. Studien ueber die Eigennamen im Beowulf. Halle.
_Morsbachs Studien_, LVIII. (An extremely valuable and discriminating
digest. See above, p. 304.)

1920 BARTO, P. S. The _Schwanritter-Sceaf_ Myth in _Perceval le
Gallois_, _J.E.G.Ph._ XIX, 190-200.

1920 HUBBARD, F. G. The plundering of the Hoard. _Univ. Wisconsin
Stud._ 11.

{411}

1920 SCHUECKING, L. L. Widhergyld (Beowulf, 2051), _Engl. Stud._ LIII,
468-70. (Schuecking, like Mead, but independently, interprets
Withergyld as the name of the warrior whose son is being stirred to
revenge.)

1920 BJOERKMAN, E. Haedhcyn und H['a]kon, _Engl. Stud._ LIV, 24-34.

1920 HOOPS, J. Das Verhuellen des Haupts bei Toten, ein
angelsaechsisch-nordischer Brauch (Zu Beowulf, 446, _hafalan
h[=y]dan_), _Engl. Stud._ LIV, 19-23.

1920 NOREEN, A. Yngve, Inge, Inglinge [Ingwine], _Namn och Bygd_, VIII,
1-8.

1920 LA COUR, V. Lejrestudier, _Danske Studier_, 1920, 49-67. (Weighty.
Emphasizing the importance of the site of Leire in the sixth century.)
A discussion on the date and origin of Beowulf, by LIEBERMANN, is about
to appear (_Gott. Gelehrt. Gesellschaft_).

s. 9. STYLE AND GRAMMAR

Titles already given in previous sections are not repeated here. General treatises on O.E. style and grammar are recorded here only if they have a special and exceptional bearing upon _Beowulf_.

1873 LICHTENHELD, A. Das schwache adjectiv im ags., _Z.f.d.A._ XVI,
325-93. (Important. See above, pp. 105-7.)

1875 HEINZEL, R. Ueber den Stil der altgermanischen Poesie. Strassburg.
(_Quellen u. Forschungen_, X.) (Important and suggestive: led to
further studies on the style of Beowulf, such as those of Hoffmann and
Bode.) Review: Zimmer, _A.f.d.A._ II, 294-300.

1877 ++ARNDT, O. Ueber die altgerm. epische Sprache. Paderborn.

1877 SCHOENBACH, A. [A discussion of words peculiar to sections of
Beowulf, added to a review of Ettmueller's Beowulf], _A.f.d.A._ III,
36-46. See also Moeller, _Volksepos_, 60 _etc._

1879 NADER, E. Zur Syntax des B['e]owulf. _Progr. der
Staats-Ober-Realschule_, in Bruenn. Review: Bernhardt,
_Literaturblatt_, 1880, 439-40 (unfavourable: reply by Nader and answer
by Bernhardt, 1881, 119-20).

1881 ++GUMMERE, F. B. The Anglo-Saxon metaphor. Dissertation, Freiburg.

1882 SCHEMANN, K. Die Synonyma im Be['o]wulfsliede, mit Ruecksicht auf
Composition u. Poetik des Gedichtes. Hagen. Dissertation, Muenster.
(Examines the use of noun-synonyms in the different sections of the
poem as divided by Muellenhoff, and finds no support for Muellenhoff's
theories.) Review: Kluge, _Literaturblatt_, 1883, 62-3.

1882 ++NADER, E. Der Genitiv im Be['o]wulf. Bruenn. Review: Klinghardt,
_Engl. Stud._ VI, 288.

1882 SCHULZ, F. Die Sprachformen des Hildebrand-Liedes im Beovolf.
Koenigsberg.

1883 NADER, E. Dativ u. Instrumental im Be['o]wulf. Wien. Review:
Klinghardt, _Engl. Stud._ VII, 368-70.

1883 HARRISON, J. A. List of irregular (strong) verbs in B['e]owulf,
_Amer. Jour. of Phil._ IV, 462-77.

1883 HOFFMANN, A. Der bildliche Ausdruck im Be['o]wulf u. in der Edda,
_Engl. Stud._ VI, 163-216.

1886 BODE, W. Die Kenningar in der angelsaechsischen Dichtung.
Darmstadt and Leipzig. Reviews: Gummere, _M.L.N._ II, 17-19
(important--praises Bode highly); Kluge, _Engl. Stud._ X, 117; Brandl,
_D.L.Z._ 1887, 897-8; Bischoff, _Archiv_, LXXIX, 115-6; Meyer,
_A.f.d.A._ XIII, 136.

1886 ++KOEHLER, K. Der syntaktische gebrauch des Infinitivs und
Particips im Beowulf. Dissertation, Muenster.

1886 BANNING, A. Die epischen Formeln im B[^e]owulf. I. Die verbalen
synonyma. Dissertation, Marburg.

{412}

1887 TOLMAN, A. H. The style of Anglo-Saxon poetry, _Trans. Mod. Lang.
Assoc. Amer._ III, 17-47.

1888-9 NADER, E. Tempus und modus im Beowulf, _Anglia_, X, 542-63; XI,
444-99.

1889 KAIL, J. Ueber die Parallelstellen in der Ags. Poesie, _Anglia_,
XII, 21-40. (A _reductio ad absurdum_ of the theories of Sarrazin.
Important.)

1891 DAVIDSON, C. The Phonology of the Stressed Vowels in B['e]owulf,
_Pub. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer._ VI, 106-33. Review: Karsten, _Engl.
Stud._ XVII, 417-20.

1892 SONNEFELD, G. Stilistisches und Wortschatz im Be['o]wulf.
Dissertation, Strassburg. Wuerzburg.

1893 TODT, A. Die Wortstellung im Beowulf, _Anglia_, XVI, 226-60.

1898 KISTENMACHER, R. Die woertlichen Wiederholungen im B[^e]owulf.
Dissertation, Greifswald. Reviews: Mead, _J.(E.)G.Ph._ II, 546-7;
Kaluza, _Engl. Stud._ XXVII, 121-2 (short but valuable).

1902 BARNOUW, A. J. Textkritische Untersuchungen nach dem gebrauch des
bestimmten Artikels und des schwachen Adjektivs in der altenglischen
Poesie. Leiden. (Important, see above, p. 107.) Reviews: Kock, _Engl.
Stud._ XXXII, 228-9; Binz, _Z.f.d.Ph._ XXXVI, 269-74; Schuecking,
_Goettingische gelehrte Anzeigen_, 1905, 730-40.

1902 HEUSLER, A. Der dialog in der altgermanischen erzaehlenden
Dichtung. _Z.f.d.A._ XLVI, 189-284.

1903 SHIPLEY, G. The genitive case in Anglo-Saxon Poetry. Baltimore.
Reviews: Kock, _Engl. Stud._ XXV, 92-5; Mourek, _A.f.d.A._ XXX, 172-4.

1903 KRACKOW, O. Die Nominalcomposita als Kunstmittel im altenglischen
Epos. Dissertation, Berlin. Review: Bjoerkman, _Archiv_, CXVII, 189-90.

1904 SCHUECKING, L. L. Die Grundzuege der Satzverknuepfung im Beowulf.
Pt. I. (_Morsbachs Studien_, XV.) Halle. (Important.) Reviews:
Eckhardt, _Engl. Stud._ XXXVII, 396-7; Pogatscher, _D.L.Z._ 1905,
922-3; Behagel, _Literaturblatt_, XXVIII, 100-2; Grossmann, _Archiv_,
CXVIII, 176-9.

1904 HAEUSCHKEL, B. Die Technik der Erzaehlung im Beowulfliede.
Dissertation, Breslau.

1905 KRAPP, G. P. The parenthetic exclamation in Old English poetry,
_M.L.N._ XX, 33-7.

1905 SCHEINERT, M. Die Adjektiva im Beowulfepos als Darstellungsmittel,
_P.B.B._ XXX, 345-430.

1906 THOMAS, P. G. Notes on the language of Beowulf, _M.L.R._ I, 202-7.
(A short summary of the dialectal forms.)

1906 BARNOUW, A. J. Nochmals zum ags. Gebrauch des Artikels, _Archiv_,
CXVII, 366-7.

1907 RIES, J. Die Wortstellung im Beowulf. Halle. (An important and
exhaustive study by an acknowledged specialist.) Reviews: Binz,
_Anglia_, _Beiblatt_, XXII, 65-78 (important); Borst, _Engl. Stud._
XLII, 93-101; Delbrueck, _A.f.d.A._ XXXI, 65-76 (important); Reis,
_Literaturblatt_, XXVIII, 328-30; _Lit. Cbl._ 1907, p. 1474; Huchon,
_Revue germanique_, III, 634-8.

1908 KRAUEL, H. Der Haken- und Langzeilenstil im Beowulf. Dissertation,
Goettingen.

1908 LORS, A. Aktionsarten des Verbums im Beowulf. Dissertation,
Wuerzburg.

1908 ++MOUREK, E. Zur Syntax des konjunktivs im Beowulf, _Prager
deutsche stud._ VIII.

1909-10 RANKIN, J. W. A study of the Kennings in Ags. poetry,
_J.E.G.Ph._ VIII, 357-422; IX, 49-84. (Latin parallels; very
important.)

{413}

1909 SHEARIN, H. G. The expression of purpose in Old English poetry,
_Anglia_, XXXII, 235-52.

1909 ++RIGGERT, G. Der syntaktische Gebrauch des Infinitivs in der
altenglischen Poesie. Dissertation, Kiel.

1910 RICHTER, C. Chronologische Studien zur angelsaechsischen Literatur
auf grund sprachl.-metrischer Kriterien. Halle. (_Morsbachs Studien_,
XXXIII.) Reviews: Binz, _Anglia, Beiblatt_, XXII, 78-80; Imelmann,
_D.L.Z._ 1910, 2986-7; Hecht, _Archiv_, CXXX, 430-2.

1910 WAGNER, R. Die Syntax des Superlativs ... im Beowulf. Berlin.
(_Palaestra_, XCI.) Reviews: Schatz, _D.L.Z._ 1910, 2848-9; Kock,
_A.f.n.F._ XXVIII, 347-9.

1910 SCHUCHARDT, R. Die negation im Beowulf. Berlin. (_Berliner
Beitraege zur germ. u. roman. Philol._ XXXVIII.)

1912 BRIGHT, J. W. An Idiom of the Comparative in Anglo-Saxon, _M.L.N._
XXVII, 181-3. (Bearing particularly upon Beowulf, 69, 70.)

1912 EXNER, P. Typische Adverbialbestimmungen in fruehenglischer
Poesie. Dissertation, Berlin.

1912 GRIMM, P. Beitraege zum Pluralgebrauch in der altenglischen
Poesie. Dissertation, Halle.

1913 PAETZEL, W. Die Variationen in der altgermanischen
Alliterationspoesie. Berlin. See pp. 73-84 for Beowulf and Finnsburg.
(_Palaestra_, XLVIII.) Pt. I. had appeared in 1905 as a Berlin
dissertation.

s. 10. METRE

For bibliography of O.E. metre in general, see _Pauls Grdr._ (2), II, 1022-4.

1870 SCHUBERT, H. De Anglosaxonum arte metrica. Dissertatio
inauguralis, Berolini.