Chapter X: Section II: Sphæroidea.--Spherical Apples (8)

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two and a quarter high; roundish and compressed. Skin, at first pale yellow, but changing as it ripens to fine deep golden yellow, and covered with numerous russety streaks and dots, and with a tinge of red and fine crimson dots, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, set in a wide and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm and crisp, but tender and juicy, with a rich vinous and aromatic flavor.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to March.

This is the Reinette d’Aizerna of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, and may be the Nelguin of Knoop, but it is certainly not the Reinette d’Aizema of Knoop.

291. REINETTE BLANCHE D’ESPAGNE.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc, Cat. ed. 3, n. 636. Diel Kernobst. v. B. 80. Mayer Pom. Franc. Down. Fr. Amer. 130.

SYNONYMES.--Reinette d’Espagne, _Bret. Ecole_, ii. 477. Reinette Tendre. Blanc d’Espagne, _Bon. Jard._ 1843, 514. D’Espagne, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ De Rateau, _acc. Pom. Mag._ Concombre Ancien, _Ibid._ Fall Pippin, _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 95. Cobbett’s Fall Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Large Fall Pippin, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 315 Camuesar, _in Spain_. White Spanish Reinette, _Pom. Mag._ _Lind Guide_, 83.

FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 110.

Fruit, very large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches and three quarters high; oblato-oblong, angular on the sides and uneven at the crown, where it is nearly as broad as at the base. Skin, smooth and unctuous to the feel, yellowish-green in the shade, but orange tinged with brownish-red next the sun, and strewed with dark dots. Eye, large and open, set in a deep, angular, and irregular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow, and even cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, juicy and sugary.

An apple of first-rate quality, suitable for the dessert, but particularly so for all culinary purposes. It is in use from December to April.

The tree is healthy and vigorous, and an excellent bearer. It requires a dry, warm, and loamy soil.

292. REINETTE DE CANADA.--Bret.

IDENTIFICATION.--Bret. Ecole, ii. 476. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 868. Bon. Jard.

SYNONYMES.--Reinette du Canada, _Cal. Traité_. iii. 51. _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 640. Grosse Reinette d’Angleterre, _Duh. Arb. Fruit_, i. 299, t. xii. f. 5. Reinette de Canada Blanche, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 868. Reinette de Canada à Côtes, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 869. Reinette de Caen, _Ibid._ 867. De Canada, _Ibid._ 139. De Bretagne, _Ibid._ 104. Portugal, _Ibid._ 803. Janurea, _Ibid._ 489. Reinette Grosse de Canada, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ St. Helena Russet, _Ibid._ Wahre Reinette, _Ibid._ Grosse Englische Reinette, _Diel Kernobst._ i. 106. Canadian Reinette, _Lind. Guide_, 40. _Pom. Mag._ Canada Reinette, _Down. Fr. Amer._ 129. Grosse d’Angleterre, Mala Janurea, _of the Ionian Islands_.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 77. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2. pl. 96. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xi. f. 1. Poit. et Turp. pl. 32.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches deep; oblato-conical, with prominent ribs originating at the eye, and diminishing as they extend downwards towards the stalk. Skin, greenish-yellow, with a tinge of brown on the side next the sun, covered with numerous brown russety dots, and reticulations of russet. Eye, large, partially closed, with short segments, and set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about an inch long, slender, inserted in a deep, wide, and generally smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, juicy, brisk, and highly flavored.

An apple of first-rate quality, either for culinary or dessert use; it is in season from November to April.

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains a large size. It is also an excellent bearer; the finest fruit are produced from dwarf trees.

293. REINETTE CARPENTIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 35.

SYNONYME.--Kleine Graue Reinette, _Sickler Obstgärt._ ix. 413. Der Carpentin, _Diel Kernobst._ i. 174.

FIGURE.--Sickler Obstgärt. ix. t. 18.

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high; roundish or rather oblato-oblong. Skin, yellowish-green on the shaded side; but striped, and washed with dark glossy red, on the side next the sun, and so much covered with a thick cinnamon-colored russet that the ground colors are sometimes only partially visible. Eye, set in a wide saucer-like basin, which is considerably depressed. Stalk, an inch long, thin, and inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, delicate, tender and juicy, with a brisk, vinous, and peculiar aromatic flavor, slightly resembling anise.

A first-rate dessert apple; in use from December to April.

The tree is a free grower, with long slender shoots, and when a little aged, is a very abundant bearer.

294. REINETTE DIEL.--Van Mons.

IDENTIFICATION.--Diel Kernobst. i. B. 78. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 647.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches wide, and two and a quarter high; oblate, even, and handsomely shaped. Skin, at first yellowish-white, but changes by keeping to a fine yellow color; on the side next the sun it is marked with several crimson spots and dots, strewed all over with russety dots, which are large and brownish on the shaded side, but small and greyish on the other. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a wide and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep and russety cavity, with sometimes a fleshy boss at its base. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, delicate and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and spicy flavor.

A beautiful and excellent dessert apple of the first quality; it is in use from December to March.

The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer.

This variety was raised by Dr. Van Mons, and named in honor of his friend Dr. Aug. Friedr. Adr. Diel.

295. REINETTE FRANCHE.--Duh.

IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 300. Bret. Ecole, ii. 474. Knoop Pom. 53, t. ix. Lind. Guide, 56.

SYNONYMES.--Reinette Blanche, _Quint. Inst._ i. 201. Reinette Blanche dite Prime, _Merlet Abrégé_. Reinette Blanche or Franche, _Mill. Dict._ French Reinette, _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 104. Franz Renette, _Mayer Pom. Franc._ 3, No. 46. Reinette de Normandie, _Christ Handb._ No, 92. Weisse Reinette, _Salz. Pom._ No. 22. Französische Edelreinette, _Diel Kernobst._ i. 120.

FIGURE.--Nois. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pl. 93.

Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish-oblate, slightly angular on its sides, and uneven round the eye. Skin, smooth, thickly covered with brown russety spots; greenish-yellow, changing as it ripens to pale-yellow; and sometimes tinged with red when fully exposed to the sun. Eye, partially open, with long green segments, set in a wide, rather deep, and, prominently plaited basin. Stalk, short, and thick, deeply inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with greenish-grey russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, delicate, crisp and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and musky flavor.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to April. Roger Schabol says, it has been kept two years, in a cupboard excluded from the air.

The tree is a free grower, and an abundant bearer; but subject to canker, unless grown in light soil, and a dry and warm situation.

This is a very old French apple, varying very much in quality according to the soil in which it is grown; but so highly esteemed in France as to take as much precedence of all other varieties, as the Ribston and Golden Pippin does in this country.

296. REINETTE GRISE.--Quint.

IDENTIFICATION.--Quint. Inst. i. 201. Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 302. Knoop Pom. 50. t. ix. Mill. Dict. Fors. Treat. 123. Rog. Fr. Cult. 103.

SYNONYMES.--Reinette Grise Extra, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 895. Belle Fille, _Ibid._ 53. Prager, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 2. Grauwe Franse Renett, _Knoop Pom._ 132. Aechte Graue Französische Reinette. Reinette Grise Française _Diel Kernobst._ i. 168. Reinette Grise d’Hiver, _Riv. et. Moul. Meth._ 191.

FIGURES.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 8. Brook. Pom. Brit. lxxxviii. f. 1.

Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two and a half high; roundish, flattened on both sides, rather broadest at the base, and generally with five obscure angles on the sides. Skin, dull yellowish-green in the shade, and with a patch of thin, dull, brownish-red on the side next the sun, which is so entirely covered with brown russet that little color is visible; the shaded side is marked with large linear patches of rough brown russet. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep and angular cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, with a brisk and excellent flavor.

A very fine dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to May.

The tree is a healthy and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.

This is one of the finest old French apples; but considered inferior to the Reinette Franche.

297. REINETTE JAUNE SUCRÉE.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 673. Diel Kernobst. v. 112.

SYNONYMES.--Citron, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 159. D’Angloise, _Ibid._ 13. Chance, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3. Gelbe Zuckerreinette, _Diel Kernobst._ v. 112.

Fruit, rather above medium size, three inches broad, and two and a half high; roundish, and very much flattened at the base. Skin, thin and tender, pale green at first, but changing as it attains maturity to a fine deep yellow, with a deeper and somewhat of an orange tinge on the side exposed to the sun; and covered all over with numerous large russety dots, and a few traces of delicate russet. Eye, open, with long acuminate, green segments, set in a wide, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep round cavity, which is lined with thin russet. Flesh, yellowish, delicate, tender and very juicy, with a rich sugary flavor and without much acidity.

Either as a dessert or culinary apple, this variety is of first-rate excellence; it is in use from November to February.

The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and a good bearer, but it is very subject to canker unless grown in a light and warm soil.

298. REINETTE VAN MONS.

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high; inclining to conical in shape. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, but redish-brown, shading off to orange-yellow, where exposed to the sun; the whole strewed with numerous russety dots. Eye, closed, and placed in a small, round basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, rich, and sugary.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December till April or May.

299. REINETTE VERTE.--Merlet.

IDENTIFICATION.--Merlet Abrégé. Riv. et Moul. Meth. 192. Knoop Pom. 49, t. 8. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3, n. 699.

SYNONYMES.--Groene Franse Renette, _acc. Knoop Pom._ 132. Groene Renet, _Ibid._ t. 8. Grüne Reinette, _Sickler Obstgärt._ iii. 177. Diel Kernobst. v. 95.

FIGURE.--Mayer Pom. Franc. t. xxvi. Sickler Obstgärt. iii. t. 10.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two and a quarter high; roundish, considerably flattened at the base, and slightly ribbed at the eye, handsome, and regularly shaped. Skin, thin, smooth and shining, pale green at first, but becoming yellowish-green as it attains maturity, with sometimes a redish tinge, and marked with large grey russety dots and lines of russet. Eye, partially closed, with long acuminate segments, set in a pretty deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about an inch long, inserted in a deep and round cavity, lined with russet, which extends in ramifications over the whole of the base. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender and juicy, with a sweet, vinous, and highly aromatic flavor, “partaking of the flavors of the Golden Pippin and Nonpareil”.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to May.

The tree is vigorous and healthy, and a good bearer; but does not become of a large size.

300. RHODE ISLAND GREENING.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Coxe View, 129. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 37. Down. Fr. Amer. 128.

SYNONYMES.--Green Newtown Pippin, _Lind. Guide_, 50. Jersey Greening, _Coxe View_, 129. Burlington Greening, _acc. Coxe_.

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish and slightly depressed, with obscure ribs on the sides. Skin, smooth and unctuous to the touch, dark green at first, becoming pale as it ripens, and sometimes with a faint blush near the stalk. Eye, small and closed, set in a slightly depressed basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, curved, thickest at the insertion, and placed in a narrow and rather deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tinged with green, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, with a rich, brisk, and aromatic flavor.

An apple of first-rate quality for all culinary purposes, and excellent also for the dessert; it is in use from November to April.

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, hardy, and an excellent bearer; succeeds well in almost any situation.

This variety is of American origin, and was introduced to this country by the London Horticultural Society, who received it from David Hosack, Esq., M.D., of New York. It is extensively grown in the middle states of America, where the Newtown Pippin does not attain perfection, and for which it forms a good substitute.

301. RIBSTON PIPPIN.--Fors.

IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. ed. 7, 124. Hort. Soc Cat. ed. 3, n. 704. Lind. Guide, 80. Diel Kernobst. xi. 93. Down. Fr. Amer. 131. Rog. Fr. Cult. 88.

SYNONYMES.--Glory of York, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 946. Formosa Pippin, _Ibid._ 341. Traver’s Pippin, _Ibid._ 1117. _Diel Kernobst._ vi. B. 108.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 141. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxvii. f. 5. Pom. Lond. Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. lxxxviii. f. 6.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, and irregular in its outline, caused by several obtuse and unequal angles on its sides. Skin, greenish-yellow, changing as it ripens to dull yellow, and marked with broken streaks of pale red on the shaded side; but dull red changing to clear faint crimson, marked with streaks of deeper crimson, on the side next the sun, and generally russety over the base. Eye, small and closed, set in an irregular basin, which is generally netted with russet. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, and generally inserted its whole length in a round cavity, which is surrounded with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, rich and sugary, charged with a powerful aromatic flavor.

An apple so well known, as to require neither description nor encomium. It is in greatest perfection during November and December; but with good management will keep till March.

The tree is in general hardy, a vigorous grower, and a good bearer, provided it is grown in a dry soil; but if otherwise it is almost sure to canker. In all the southern and middle counties of England it succeeds well as an open standard; but in the north, and in Scotland, it requires the protection of a wall to bring it to perfection. Nicol calls it “a universal apple for these kingdoms; it will thrive at John O’Groat’s, while it deserves a place at Exeter or at Cork.”

There is no apple which has ever been introduced to this country, or indigenous to it, which is more generally cultivated, more familiarly known, or held in higher popular estimation, than the Ribston Pippin. It has long been in existence in this country, but did not become generally known till the end of the last century. It is not mentioned in any of the editions of Miller’s Dictionary, or by any other author of that period; neither was it grown in the Brompton Park nursery in 1770. In 1785 I find it was grown to the extent of a quarter of a row, or about 25 plants; and as this supply seems to have sufficed for three years’ demand, its merits must have been but little known. In 1788, it extended to one row, or about one hundred plants, and three years later to two rows; from 1791, it increased one row annually, till 1794, when it reached five rows. From these facts we may pretty well learn the rise and progress of its popularity. It is now in the same nursery cultivated to the extent of about 25 rows, or 2500 plants annually.

The original tree was first discovered growing in the garden at Ribston Hall, near Knaresborough, but how, when, or by what means it came there, has not been satisfactorily ascertained. One account states that about the year 1688, some apple pips were brought from Rouen and sown at Ribston Hall, near Knaresborough; the trees then produced from them were planted in the park, and one turned out to be the variety in question. The original tree stood till 1810, when it was blown down by a violent gale of wind. It was afterwards supported by stakes in a horizontal position, and continued to produce fruit till it lingered and died in 1835. Since then, a young shoot has been produced about four inches below the surface of the ground, which, with proper care, may become a tree, and thereby preserve the original of this favorite old dessert apple. The gardener at Ribston Hall, by whom this apple was raised, was the father of Lowe, who during the last century was the fruit tree nurseryman at Hampton Wick.

302. ROBINSON’S PIPPIN.--Forsyth.

IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 124. Lind. Guide, 56. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 711. Rog. Fr. Cult. 97.

FIGURES.--Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 42. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 3. Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xci. f. 1.

Fruit, small; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, where it is quite flat, and covered with thin russet. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded side; but brownish-red where exposed to the sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots. Eye, prominent, not at all depressed, and closed with broad flat segments. Stalk, half-an-inch long, stout, and inserted in a slight depression. Flesh, greenish, tender, crisp, sweet, and very juicy; with a fine, brisk, poignant, and slightly perfumed flavor, much resembling that of the Golden Pippin and Nonpareil.

A very excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from December to February. The fruit is produced in clusters of sometimes eight and ten, at the ends of the branches.

The tree is of small size and slender growth, and not a free bearer. It is well adapted for dwarf and espalier training when grafted on the doucin or paradise stock, in which case it also bears better than on the crab stock.

According to Mr. Lindley this variety was grown for many years in the old kitchen garden at Kew; and Rogers thinks it first originated in the Turnham Green nursery, which was during a portion of the last century, occupied by a person of the name of Robinson.

303. ROSE DE CHINA.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 718.

Fruit, medium sized, or rather below medium size; roundish and flattened, almost oblate, regularly formed, and without angles. Skin, smooth and delicate, pale greenish-yellow, with a few broken streaks of pale red, intermixed with crimson, on the side exposed to the sun, and strewed with minute dark colored dots. Eye, partially closed, set in a shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, very slender, inserted in a round, deep, smooth, and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white tinged with green, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a sweet and pleasant flavor.

A very good, but not first-rate, dessert apple; it is in use from November to February. This does not appear to be the “Rose Apple of China” of Coxe, which he imported from England, and which he says is a large oblong fruit with a short thick stalk.

304. ROSEMARY RUSSET.--Ronalds.

IDENTIFICATION AND FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. 31, pl. xvi. f. 1.

Fruit, below medium size; ovate, broadest at the base and narrowing obtusely towards the apex, a good deal of the shape of a Scarlet Nonpareil. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side; but flushed with faint red on the side exposed to the sun, and covered with thin pale brown russet, particularly round the eye and the stalk. Eye, small and open, with erect segments, set in a narrow, round, and even basin. Stalk, very long, inserted in a round and wide cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, tender, very juicy, brisk, and sugary, and charged with a peculiarly rich and highly aromatic flavor.

A most delicious and valuable dessert apple of the very first quality; it is in use from December till February.

305. ROSS NONPAREIL.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iii. p. 454. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 480. Lind. Guide, 96. Down. Fr. Amer. 95.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 90. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiv. f. 7.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches high, and two inches and a half broad; roundish, even, and regularly formed, narrowing a little towards the eye. Skin, entirely covered with thin russet, and faintly tinged with red on the side next the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow and even basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender, inserted half its length in a round and even cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk and sugary, charged with a rich and aromatic flavor, which partakes very much of that of the varieties known by the name of Fenouillet, or Fennel-flavored apples.

This is one of the best dessert apples; it is in use from November to February.

The tree is an excellent bearer, hardy, and a free grower, and succeeds well on almost any description of soil.

This variety is of Irish origin.

306. ROUND WINTER NONESUCH.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 491.

Fruit, large, over three inches wide, and two and a half high; roundish and very considerably flattened, or somewhat oblate; uneven in its outline, caused by several obtuse and unequal, though not prominent ribs on the sides. Skin, thick and membranous, smooth, pale yellow slightly tinged with green on the shaded side; but on the side exposed to the sun, it is marked with broken stripes and spots of beautiful deep crimson, thinly sprinkled all over with a few russety dots. Eye, large and closed, so prominently set and raised above the surface as to appear puffed up, and set on bosses. Stalk, very short, inserted in a round funnel-shaped cavity, and not protruding beyond the base. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from November to March.

The tree is an excellent bearer, and the fruit being large and beautiful, this variety is worthy the notice of the market gardener and orchardist.

307. ROYAL PEARMAIN.--Rea.

IDENTIFICATION.--Rea Pom. 210. Lind. Guide, 81. Gibs. Fr. Gard. 357. Rog. Fr. Cult. 73. Diel Kernobst. xii. 132. Meag. Eng. Gard.

SYNONYMES--Herefordshire Pearmain, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, 544. _Switz. Fr. Gard._ 137. _Down. Fr. Amer._ 112. Hertfordshire Pearmain, _Mill. Dict._ Pearmain Royal, _Knoop Pom._ 71, tab. xii. Pearmain Royal De Longue Durée, _Ibid._ 131. Engelsche Konings of Kings Pepping, _Ibid._ Merveille Pearmain, _Ibid._ Pearmain Double, _Ibid._ Englische Königsparmäne, _Diel Kernobst._ xii. 132.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxii. f. 4.

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and the same in height; pearmain-shaped and slightly angular, having generally a prominent rib on one side of it. Skin, smooth, dark dull green at first on the shaded side, but changing during winter to clear greenish-yellow, and marked with traces of russet; on the side next the sun it is covered with brownish-red and streaks of deeper red, all of which change during winter to clear crimson strewed with many russety specks. Eye, small and open, with broad segments which are reflexed at the tips, and set in a wide, pretty deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to three quarters long, inserted in a deep cavity which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tinged with green, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary and perfumed, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.

A fine old English apple, suitable chiefly for culinary purposes, and useful also in the dessert. It comes into use in November and December, and continues till March.

The tree attains the middle size, is a free and vigorous grower, very hardy, and an excellent bearer.

In the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue this is called the old Pearmain, but this name is applicable to the Winter Pearmain. Rea is the first who notices the Royal Pearmain, and he says “it is a much bigger and better tasted apple than the common kind.” The Royal Pearmain of some nurseries is a very different variety from this, and will be found described under _Summer Pearmain_.

308. ROYAL REINETTE.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 529. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 692. Lind. Guide, 82.

Fruit, large; conical. Skin, yellow, smooth and glossy, strewed all over with russety spots; stained and striped with brilliant red on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, set in an even and shallow basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a very narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, pale yellow, firm and tender, juicy and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.

A very good apple for culinary purposes, and second-rate for the dessert; it is in use from December to April.

The tree is an abundant bearer, and is extensively grown in the western parts of Sussex, where it is esteemed a first-rate fruit.

309. ROYAL RUSSET.--Miller.

IDENTIFICATION.--Mill. Dict. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 749. Fors. Treat. 125. Rog. Fr. Cult. 108. Lind. Guide, 96.

SYNONYME.--Passe Pomme de Canada, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Reinette de Canada Grise, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 870. Reinette de Canada Platte, _Ibid._ 871. Leather Coat, _Laws. Orch._ 65. _Raii. Hist._ 1448.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xix. f. 1.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular. Skin, covered with rough brown russet, which has a brownish tinge on the side next the sun; some portions only of the ground color are visible, which is yellowish-green. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide and deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, crisp, brisk, juicy and sugary.

A most excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from November to May, but is very apt to shrink and become dry, unless, as Mr. Thompson recommends, it is kept in dry sand.

The tree is of a very vigorous habit, and attains the largest size. It is perfectly hardy and an excellent bearer.

This has always been a favorite old English variety, being mentioned by Lawson so early as 1597, and much esteemed by almost every subsequent writer.

310. ROYAL SHEPHERD.--H.

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two and three quarters high; roundish, inclining to ovate, slightly ribbed, and narrowing towards the eye. Skin, greenish-yellow in the shade; but covered with dull red next the sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots. Eye, partially closed, set in a round and rather deep basin. Stalk short, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with ramifications of russet. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk and pleasantly flavored.

A very good culinary apple, grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster. It is in use during November and December and will keep till March or April.

311. RUSSET TABLE PEARMAIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 557. Ron. Pyr. Mal. 41.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxi. f. 1.

Fruit, below medium size; oblong-ovate. Skin, very much covered with brown russet; except on the shaded side, where there is a little yellowish-green visible, and on the side next the sun, where it is orange, with a flame of deep bright crimson, breaking through the russet. Eye, open, with erect, rigid segments, and set in a wide, shallow, saucer-like, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, and extending beyond the base. Flesh, yellow, firm, very rich, juicy, and sugary, with a fine aromatic, and perfumed flavor.

A beautiful and handsome little apple of first-rate excellence. It is in use from November to February.

312. RUSHOCK PEARMAIN.--M.

IDENTIFICATION AND FIGURE.--Maund. Fruit, 70

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and the same in height; conical, even and handsomely formed. Skin, of a fine deep yellow color, almost entirely covered with cinnamon-colored russet, with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, with broad, flat segments, which generally fall off as the fruit ripens. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, stout, and inserted in a pretty deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk, sub-acid, and sugary flavor.

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from Christmas to April. It is frequently met with in the Birmingham markets. This variety was, according to Mr. Maund, raised by a blacksmith of the name of Charles Taylor, at Rushock in Worcestershire, about the year 1821, and is sometimes known by the name of _Charles’s Pearmain_.

313. RYMER.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iii. p. 329. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 358. Lind. Guide, 33.

SYNONYMES.--Caldwell, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed i. 124. Green Cossings, _Ibid._ 411. Newbold’s Duke of York, _Ibid._ 286. Cordwall

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xli. f. 2.

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, and flattened, with five obscure ribs, on the sides, extending into the basin of the eye. Skin, smooth, thinly strewed with redish-brown dots, and a few faint streaks of pale red on the shaded side; and of a beautiful deep red, covered with yellowish-grey dots, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with broad reflexed segments, set in a round and moderately deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round and deep cavity, lined with rough russet, which extends in ramifications over the base. Flesh, yellowish, tender, and pleasantly sub-acid.

A good culinary apple, in use from October to Christmas.

314. SACK AND SUGAR.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 761. Rog. Fr. Cult. 41.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 1.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and an inch and three quarters high; roundish, inclining to oval, with prominent ridges round the eye. Skin, pale yellow. Eye, large, and open with erect segments, and rather deeply placed in a round, wide, and angular basin. Flesh, white, soft, tender, very juicy, sugary, and pleasantly flavored.

A good early apple, either for culinary purposes or the dessert; ripe in the end of July and beginning of August, and continuing during September.

The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and an immense bearer, so much so, as to be injurious to the crop of the following year.

This apple was raised nearly half a century ago, by Mr. Morris, a market gardener, at Brentford, and is sometimes met with under the name of _Morris’s Sack and Sugar_.

315. SAINT JULIEN.--Calvel.

IDENTIFICATION.--Cal. Traité, iii. 27. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 764. Pom. Mag. iii. 165.

SYNONYMES.--Seigneur d’Orsay, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Concombre des Chartreux. Heilige Julians apfel.

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, narrowing towards the eye, and angular on its sides. Skin, yellowish-green, covered with large patches of ashy colored russet, and in dry warm seasons, sometimes tinged with red. Eye, open, set in a rather shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, juicy, sugary, and richly flavored.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from December to March.

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer.

316. SAM YOUNG.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iii. p. 324. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 768. Lind. Guide, 97. Down. Fr. Amer. 134.

SYNONYME.--Irish Russet, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. i. 985.

FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 130

Fruit, small, an inch and three quarters high, and about two inches and a half wide; roundish-oblate. Skin, light greenish-yellow, almost entirely covered with grey russet, and strewed with minute russety dots on the yellow part, but tinged with brownish-red on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, not deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow, tinged with green, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, sugary, and highly flavored.

A delicious little dessert apple, of the first quality; in use from November to February.

This variety is of Irish origin, and was first introduced to public notice by Mr. Robertson, the nurseryman of Kilkenny.

317. SCARLET CROFTON.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iii. p. 453. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 192.

SYNONYME.--Red Crofton, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._

Fruit, medium sized; oblate, slightly angular on the sides. Skin, covered with yellowish russet, except on the side next the sun, where it is bright red, with a mixture of russet. Eye, set in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, and richly flavored.

A most delicious dessert apple, of first-rate quality; in use from October to December, and does not become meally.

The Scarlet Crofton is of Irish origin.

318. SCARLET LEADINGTON.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 404.

Fruit, above medium size; oval, angular, broadest at the base and narrowing towards the eye, where it is distinctly four-sided. Skin, striped with yellow, and bright red or scarlet streaks, and thickly covered with russety specks. Eye, large and closed, with long broad segments, and set in a shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide and shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, streaked and veined with pink or lilac-red veins, firm, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.

An apple much esteemed in Scotland, as a first-rate variety, both for the dessert and culinary purposes; but it does not rank so high in the south; it is in use from November to February.

319. SCARLET NONPAREIL.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 482. Lind. Guide, 98. Fors. Treat. 118. Down. Fr. Amer. 120. Rog. Fr. Cult. 69.

SYNONYME.--New Scarlet Nonpariel, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 87. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiv. f. 1.

Fruit, medium sized; globular, narrowing towards the apex, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellowish on the shaded side; but covered with red, which is streaked with deeper red, on the side next the sun; and covered with patches of russet and large russety specks. Eye, open, set in a shallow and even basin. Stalk, an inch or more in length, inserted in a small round cavity, which is lined with scales of silvery grey russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, juicy, rich, and sugary.

A very excellent dessert apple, of first-rate quality; it is in use from January to March.

The tree is hardy, a good grower, though slender in its habit; and an excellent bearer.

The Scarlet Nonpareil, was first discovered growing in the garden of a publican, at Esher, in Surrey, and was first cultivated by Grimwood, of the Kensington nursery.

320. SCARLET PEARMAIN.--Hitt.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hitt Treat. 296. Fors. Treat. 93. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 558. Lind. Guide, 33. Down. Fr. Amer. 96. Rog. Fr. Cult. 72.

SYNONYMES.--Bell’s Scarlet Pearmain, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 15. Bell’s Scarlet, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. i. 767. Oxford Peach Apple, _Ibid._ 741. Englische Scharlachrothe Parmäne. _Diel Kernobst._ x. 111.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 62. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. viii. f. 2.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter high; conical, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, smooth, tender and shining, of a rich, deep, bright crimson, on the side next the sun; but of a paler color, intermixed with a tinge of yellow, on the shaded side; and the whole surface sprinkled with russety dots. Eye, half open, with long broad segments, set in a round, even, and rather deep basin. Stalk, from three quarters to an inch long, deeply inserted in a round, even, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is generally russety at the insertion of the stalk. Flesh, yellowish, with a tinge of red under the skin; tender, juicy, sugary, and vinous.

A beautiful, and handsome dessert apple, of first-rate quality; in use from October to January.

The tree is a free and vigorous grower, attaining about the middle size; and is an excellent bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise stock, on which it forms a good dwarf or espalier tree. The variety called Hood’s Seedling, seems to me to be identical with the Scarlet Pearmain.

321. SCARLET TIFFING.--H.

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a quarter high; roundish, inclining to oblate, and irregularly angular. Skin, pale yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side, and round the eye; but deep scarlet where exposed to the sun, extending in general over the greater portion of the fruit. Eye, small and closed, set in an irregular, ribbed, and warted basin. Stalk, fleshy, about half an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, pure white, very tender, crisp, juicy, and pleasantly acid.

A valuable and excellent culinary apple, much grown in the orchard districts about Lancaster. It is in use during November and December.

322. SCOTCH BRIDGET--H.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high; roundish, broadest at the base, and narrowing towards the apex, where it is rather knobbed, caused by the terminations of the angles on the sides. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow, on the shaded side, and almost entirely covered with bright deep red on the side next the sun. Eye, closed, set in an angular and warted basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, straight, thick, and stout, inserted in a very narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, soft, juicy, and briskly flavored.

An excellent culinary apple, much grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster; in use from October to January.

323. SCREVETON GOLDEN PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. iv. 218. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 288.

Fruit, larger than the old Golden Pippin, and little, if at all, inferior to it in flavor. Skin, yellowish, considerably marked with russet. Flesh, yellow, and more tender than the old Golden Pippin.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; raised in the garden of Sir John Thoroton, Bart., at Screveton, in Nottinghamshire, about the year 1808. It is in use from December to April.

324. SEEK-NO-FARTHER.--Ronalds.

IDENTIFICATION & FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. 45, pl. xxiii. f. 3.

Fruit, medium sized; conical, or pearmain-shaped. Skin, yellowish-green, streaked with broken patches of crimson, on the shaded side; and strewed with grey russety dots; but covered with light red, which is marked with crimson streaks, and covered with patches of fine delicate russet, and numerous large, square, and stelloid russety specks like scales, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with broad, flat, segments, the edges of which fit neatly to each other, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, stout, and inserted in a deep, round, and regular cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, crisp, juicy, rich, sugary, and vinous, charged with a pleasant aromatic flavor.

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality. It is in use from November to January.

This is the true old _Seek-no-farther_.

325. SELWOOD’S REINETTE.--Rog.

IDENTIFICATION.--Rog. Fr. Cult. 103.

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and about two inches and a half high; round and flattened, angular on the sides, and with five prominent plaits round the eye, which is small, open, and not at all depressed, but rather elevated on the surface. Skin, pale green, almost entirely covered with red, which is marked with broken stripes of darker red, those on the shaded side being paler, and not so numerous as on the side exposed to the sun. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, very stout, and inserted the whole of its length in a russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.

A culinary apple, of good, but not first-rate, quality. It is in use from December to March.

The tree is a strong and healthy grower, and an abundant bearer.

This is certainly a different variety from the Selwood’s Reinette of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, which is described as being small, pearmain-shaped, greenish-yellow, and a dessert apple. It is however, identical with the Selwood’s Reinette of Rogers, who, as we are informed, in his “Fruit Cultivator,” received it upwards of sixty years ago from Messrs. Hewitt and Co., of Brompton. The tree now in my possession, I procured as a graft from the private garden of the late Mr. Lee, of Hammersmith; and as it has proved to be the same as Rogers’s variety, I am induced to think that it is correct, while that of the Horticultural Society is wrong. It was raised by a person of the name of Selwood, of Lancaster.

326. SHAKESPERE.--M.

IDENTIFICATION & FIGURE.--Maund Fruit. pl. 71.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish, narrowing a little towards the eye. Skin, dark green on the shaded side, and brownish-red on the side next the sun, which is marked with a few broken stripes of darker red; the whole strewed with russety dots. Eye, small, and partially open, set in a narrow and irregular basin, which is ridged round the margin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk vinous flavor.

An excellent dessert apple, of first-rate quality. In use from Christmas to April.

This variety was raised by Thomas Hunt, Esq., of Stratford-on-Avon, from the seed of Hunt’s Duke of Gloucester, and named in honor of the poet Shakespere.

327. SHEEP’S NOSE.--Hort.

SYNONYMES.--Bullock’s Pippin, _Coxe View_, 125. Long Tom, _Ibid._

Fruit, large, about three inches and a half long, and about three inches wide; conical, narrowing gradually to the crown, which is considerably higher on one side than the other; generally with ten ribs on the sides. Skin, smooth, yellow, and strewed with a few russety dots. Eye, small, set in a deep, plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep round, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, very juicy, and sweet.

A very good variety for culinary purposes; but chiefly used as a cider apple in Somersetshire, where it is much grown for that purpose.

328. SHEPHERD’S FAME.--Hort.

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a half high; obtuse-ovate, broad and flattened at the base, narrowing towards the eye, with five prominent ribs on the sides, and in every respect, very much resembling a small specimen of Emperor Alexander. Skin, smooth, pale straw-yellow, marked with faint broken patches of crimson, on the shaded side; but streaked with yellow and bright crimson, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with short, stunted segments, placed in a deep, angular, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, imbedded in a round, funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, yellowish, soft, and tender, transparent, sweet, and briskly flavored, but rather dry.

An apple of very ordinary quality, in use from October to March.

329. SIBERIAN BITTER SWEET.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 23. Lind. Guide, 111. Down. Fr. Amer. 146.

Fruit, small, and nearly globular. Eye, small, with short connivent segments of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, of a bright gold color, tinged with faint and deeper red on the sunny side. The fruit grows a good deal in clusters, on slender wing branches.

Specific gravity of the juice, 1091.

This remarkable apple was raised by Mr. Knight from the seed of the Yellow Siberian Crab, impregnated with the pollen of the Golden Harvey. I cannot do better than transcribe from the Transactions of the London Horticultural Society, Mr. Knight’s own account of this apple. “The fruit contains much saccharine matter, with scarcely any perceptible acid; and it in consequence affords a cider, which is perfectly free from the harshness which in that liquid offends the palate of many, and the constitution of more; and I believe that there is not any county in England in which it might not be made to afford, at a moderate price, a very wholesome and very palatable cider. This fruit differs from all others of its species with which I am acquainted, in being always sweet, and without acidity, even when it is more than half grown.

“When the juice is pressed from ripe, and somewhat mellow fruit, it contains a very large portion of saccharine matter; and if a part of the water it contains be made to evaporate in a moderately low temperature, it affords a large quantity of a jelly of intense sweetness, which to my palate is extremely agreeable; and which may be employed for purposes similiar to those to which the inspissated juice of the grape is applied in France. The jelly of the apple prepared in the manner above described, is, I believe, capable of being kept unchanged during a very long period in any climate; the mucilage being preserved by the antiseptic powers of the saccharine matter, and that being incapable of acquiring, as sugar does, a state of crystallization. If the juice be properly filtered, the jelly will be perfectly transparent.”

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower; a most abundant bearer, and a perfect dreadnought to the woolly aphis.

330. SIBERIAN HARVEY.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 23. Lind. Guide, 111. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 777.

Fruit, produced in clusters, small; nearly globular. Eye, small, with short connivent segments of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, of a bright gold color, tinged with faint and deeper red on the sunny side. Juice very sweet. Ripe in October.

Specific gravity of the juice, 1091.

A cider apple raised by T. A. Knight, Esq., and, along with the Foxley, considered by him superior to any other varieties in cultivation. It was produced from a seed of the Yellow Siberian Crab, fertilized with the pollen of the Golden Harvey, the juice of this variety is most intensely sweet, and is probably, very nearly what that of the Golden Harvey would be in a southern climate, the original tree produced its blossoms in the year 1807, when it first obtained the annual premium of the Herefordshire Agricultural Society.

331. SIELY’S MIGNONNE.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. Guide, 98.

SYNONYME.--Pride of the Ditches, _acc. Lind. Guide_.

Fruit, rather small, about one inch and three quarters deep, and the same in diameter; almost globular, but occasionally flattened on one side. Eye, small, with a closed calyx, placed somewhat deeply in a rather irregularly formed narrow basin, surrounded by a few small plaits. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, about one half within the base, in a narrow cavity, and occasionally pressed towards one side by a protuberance on the opposite one. Skin, when clear, of a bright yellow, but mostly covered with a grey netted russet, rendering the skin scabrous. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, and tender. Juice, saccharine, highly aromatic, and of a most excellent flavor.

A dessert apple, in use from November to February.

This neat and very valuable little apple, was introduced to notice about the beginning of the present century, by the late Mr. Andrew Siely, of Norwich, who had it growing in his garden on the Castle Ditches, and being a favorite with him he always called it the “Pride of the Ditches.” The tree is a weak grower and somewhat tender. It is therefore advisable to graft it on the doucin stock, and train it either as a dwarf or as an espalier in a garden.--_Lindley._

332. SIR WILLIAM GIBBON’S.--Hort.

Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters wide, and three inches high; calville-shaped, being roundish-oblate, with several prominent angles, which extend from the base to the apex, where they terminate in five or six large unequal knobs. Skin, deep yellow, tinged with green, and strewed with minute russety dots on the shaded side; but deep crimson, streaked with dark red, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, open, with short ragged segments, set in a deep, wide, and irregular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep and angular cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, juicy, and slightly acid, with a pleasant vinous flavor.

A very showy and excellent culinary apple, in use from November to January.

333. SLEEPING BEAUTY.--H.

SYNONYMES.--Winter Sleeping Beauty. Sleeper.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, and somewhat flattened, slightly angular on the sides, and undulating round the eye; in some specimens there is an inclination to an ovate, or conical shape, in which case the apex is narrow and even. Skin, pale straw-colored, smooth and shining, occasionally washed on one side with delicate lively red, very thinly sprinkled with minute russety dots. Eye, large, somewhat resembling that of Trumpington, with broad, flat, and incurved segments, which dove-tail, as it were, to each other, and set in a shallow, uneven, and plaited basin. Stalk, from a quarter to half-an-inch long, slightly fleshy, inserted in a narrow, round, and rather shallow cavity, which is tinged with green, and lined with delicate pale brown russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, tender, and juicy, with a fine poignant and agreeably acid flavor.

A most excellent, and very valuable apple for all culinary purposes; and particularly for sauce. It is in use from November till the end of February.

The tree is a most excellent bearer, and succeeds well in almost every situation.

This excellent apple bears such a close resemblance to Dumelow’s Seedling, that at first sight it may be taken for that variety; from which however, it is perfectly distinct, and may be distinguished by the want of the characteristic russet dots on the fruit, and the spots on the young wood of the tree. It is extensively cultivated in Lincolnshire, for the supply of the Boston markets.

334. SMALL STALK.--H.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high; roundish, slightly angular on the sides, and knobbed at the apex. Skin, dull greenish-yellow, with a tinge of orange on the side next the sun, and thickly covered with redish brown dots. Eye, small, and closed with long flat segments, and placed in an angular basin. Stalk, about an inch long, slender, inserted in a wide and rather shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, and well flavored.

A good apple for ordinary purposes, much grown about Lancaster. It is in use during September and October.

335. SOMERSET LASTING.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2, n. 782.

FIGURE--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xvii. f. 2.

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a quarter high; oblate, irregular on the sides, and with undulating ridges round the eye. Skin, pale yellow, streaked, and dotted with a little bright crimson, next the sun. Eye, large and open, with short stunted segments, placed in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, very juicy, with a poignant, and somewhat harsh flavor.

A culinary apple, in use from October to February.

336. SOPS IN WINE.--Park.

IDENTIFICATION.--Park. Par. 588. Raii. Hist. ii. 1447.

SYNONYMES.--Sops of Wine, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 874. _Lind. Guide_, 34. _Down. Fr. Amer._ 77. Sapson, _Ken. Amer. Or._ 28. Sapsonvine, _acc. Kenrick_.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. ii. f. 4.

Fruit, rather above medium size, two inches and three quarters broad, and the same in height; roundish, but narrowing a little towards the eye, and slightly ribbed on the sides. Skin, covered with a delicate white bloom, which when rubbed off exhibits a smooth, shining, and varnished rich deep chestnut, almost approaching to black, on the side exposed to the sun; but on the shaded side, it is of a light orange red, and where very much shaded quite yellow, the whole strewed with minute dots. Eye, small, half open, with long, broad, and reflexed segments, placed in a round and slightly angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, red, as if sopped in wine, tender, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.

A very ancient English culinary and cider apple; but perhaps more singular than useful. It is in use from October to February.

The tree is vigorous and spreading, very hardy, an excellent bearer, and not subject to canker.

337. SPICE APPLE.--Diel.

IDENTIFICATION--Diel Kernobst. x. 34.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half broad, and two and a quarter high; roundish, but narrowing towards the eye. Skin, deep yellow, but marked with broad streaks of crimson on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with long, broad, reflexed, downy segments, set in a narrow, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, brisk, and perfumed.

A good second-rate dessert apple, in use from November to February.

This is not the Spice Apple of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue, but one which was cultivated by Kirke, of Brompton, under that name, and so described by Diel.--_See Aromatic Russet._

338. SPITZEMBERG.--Booth Cat.

IDENTIFICATION AND FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 5.

SYNONYME.--Pomegranate Pippin, _acc. Ron. Pyr. Mal._

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half broad, and two inches high; roundish, flattened at the base, and narrowing a little towards the eye. Skin, deep yellow, with an orange tinge on the side exposed to the sun, and strewed with large stelloid russety specks. Eye, partially open, with long, broad, and erect segments, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a small narrow cavity. Flesh, tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored.

An apple of second-rate quality, in use from November to Christmas.

This is the Spitzemberg of the German nurseries.

339. SPRINGROVE CODLIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. i. p. 197. t. 11. Lind. Guide, 7. Rog. Fr. Cult. 65.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. iii. f. 4. Hort. Trans.