Chapter VI: Section II: Sphæroidea.--Spherical Apples (4)

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and an inch and three quarters high; ovato-oblate, and rather irregularly formed. Skin, smooth and shining, thick and membranous, of a pale straw color, and with a faint of red on the side exposed to the sun; thickly strewed all over with small russety dots. Eye, somewhat closed, with broad, flat segments, which are reflexed at the tips, and set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a wide cavity, which is lined with rough brown russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, very juicy, sweet, and though not richly yet pleasantly flavored.

A dessert apple, but not of the first quality; in use from November to February.

116. FAIR’S NONPAREIL.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 469.

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and two inches high; ovate, even, and regularly shaped. Skin, tender, of a bright green color at first, but changing as it attains maturity, to a fine clear yellow without any tinge of red. Eye, closed, set in a shallow, and finely plaited basin. Stalk, inserted in a pretty deep cavity, which has sometimes a fleshy protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, fine, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a rich, refreshing, sugary, and vinous flavor.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to February.

117. FAMAGUSTA.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 15.

Fruit, medium sized, about two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish-ovate, somewhat ribbed towards the eye. Skin, smooth, clear deep yellow, thinly strewed with large brownish russety dots, on the shaded side, and marked with patches and veins of thin, delicate, pale brown russet, and a faint tinge of red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and even basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow and shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, sweet, aqueous, and slightly perfumed.

A culinary apple, in use from December to February.

The Famagusta of the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue cannot be the original Famagusta mentioned by Rea, Worlidge, and Ray, because Rea says it is “a fair large _early_ apple,” which is confirmed by Worlidge placing it “in the number of the best _early_ apples.” The name is, therefore, now given to a variety different from that to which it was originally applied, but which may still be in existence in some parts of the country.

118. FARLEIGH PIPPIN.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 243. Lind. Guide, 68. Rog. Fr. Cult. 97.

SYNONYME.--Farley Pippin, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, n. 319.

Fruit, medium sized; oblong-ovate, and with prominent ribs on the sides, which terminate at the crown in bold ridges. Skin, yellowish-green on the shaded side; and brownish-red where exposed to the sun. Eye, deeply set in an angular basin. Flesh, greenish, firm, rich, and sugary.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from January to April.

The tree is a strong, vigorous, and upright grower, very hardy, and an abundant bearer.

This variety originated at Farleigh, in Kent.

119. FEARN’S PIPPIN.--Hooker.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2, n. 245. Lind. Guide, 47. Fors. Treat. 102. Rog. Fr. Cult. 85.

SYNONYMES.--Clifton Nonesuch, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Ferris Pippin, _Ibid._ Florence Pippin, _in Covent Garden Market_.

FIGURE.--Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 43. Pom. Mag. t. 67. Ron. Pyr. Mal. t. xii. f. 2.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, and flattened at both ends. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, streaked with dull red on the shaded side; and bright dark crimson, strewed with grey dots, and small patches of russet on the side next the sun, and extending almost over the whole surface. Eye, large, partially open, with broad connivent segments, which are reflexed at the tips, and set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, sugary, and pleasantly flavored.

An excellent apple, either for the dessert or culinary purposes; it is in use from November to February.

The tree is very hardy and a great bearer. It is only of late years that it has been brought into general cultivation, and now it is grown very extensively by the London market gardeners, for the supply of Covent Garden Market.

120. FEDERAL PEARMAIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 540.

Fruit, below medium size; pearmain-shaped. Skin, yellowish on the shaded side; with a little red, and a few dark red streaks on the side next the sun; the whole thickly covered with large russety dots, and a few patches of russet. Eye, set in a pretty deep and ribbed basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a funnel-shaped and russety cavity. Flesh, fine and delicate, very juicy, with a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; ripe in December, and continues till March.

121. FENOUILLET GRIS.--Duh.

IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 287. t. 5. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 246. Lind. Guide, 88. Down. Fr. Amer. 110. Diel Kernobst. iv. 117. Quint. Inst. i. 202.

SYNONYMES.--Fenouillet, _Knoop Pom._ 52. t. ix. Fenellet, _Lang. Pom._ 134, t. lxxv. f. 1. Fenouillet, d’Or Gros, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Gros Fenouillet _acc. Calvel_. Petit Fenouillet, _Ibid._ Pomme d’Anis, _acc. Merlet_. Anis, _Duh. Arb. Fruit._ i. 287. George de Pigeon, _acc. Knoop_. 130. Graue Fenchelapfel, _Diel Kernobst._ iv. 117. Grauer Fenchelapfel. Anisapfel, _Mayer Pom. Franc._ t. xxxii. f. 55. Winter Anisreinette, _Christ Handb._ No. 116.

FIGURE.--Nois. Jard. Fr. ed. 2, pl. 99. Poit. et Turp. 151.

Fruit, small, about two inches and a quarter broad, and the same in height; roundish-ovate, and broadest at the base. Skin, of a fine deep yellow color, like a Golden Pippin, but almost entirely covered with russet, which is brown on the shaded side, and grey where exposed to the sun, mixed with a tinge of redish brown. Eye, small and open, set in a round, wide, and rather deep basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, crisp, rich, sugary, and aromatic, partaking much of the flavor of Anise--hence the origin of one of the synonymes.

An excellent dessert apple, and when well ripened is considered of first-rate quality by those who are partial to its peculiar flavor. It is in season from December to March, and at an advanced period becomes woolly.

The tree is a small and slender grower; but an abundant bearer. It requires a rich soil and warm situation, and succeeds well as a dwarf on the paradise stock.

122. FENOUILLET JAUNE.--Duh.

IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 290. Down. Fr. Amer. 109. Bon. Jard.

SYNONYMES.--Drap d’Or, _Knoop Pom._ 59. Caracter Appel, _Ibid._ t. x. Pomme de Caractère, _Ibid._ 130. Reinette Drap d’Or, _Ibid._ 130. Embroidered Pippin, _Lind Guide_, 46.

FIGURE.--Jard. Fruit. ed. 2, pl. 105.

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three quarters high; roundish, flattened, and broadest at the base; even and regularly formed. Skin, fine bright yellow, marked with reticulations of pale brown russet. Eye, small and closed, set in a wide and pretty deep basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a deep and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white, firm, sugary, and richly perfumed.

A delicious little dessert apple; in use from December to April.

The tree is a free grower, quite hardy, and an excellent bearer; but requires a light and warm soil.

According to Knoop, this apple is called Pomme de Caractère, from the linear tracings of russet with which it is covered, being so disposed as to give it the appearance of being marked with letters or _characters_.

123. FENOUILLET ROUGE.--Duh.

IDENTIFICATION--Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 289. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 247. Lind. Guide, 47. Down. Fr. Amer. 109. Diel Kernobst. iii. 199.

SYNONYMES.--Courtpendû, _Quint. Inst._ i. 202. Reinette Courtpendû, _Knoop Pom._ 129. Courtpendû Gris, _Ibid._ 60. Reinette de Goslinga, _Ibid._ 129. Carpendy, _Gibs. Fr. Gard._ 355. Petit Courtpendu Gris, _Inst. Arb. Fr._ 154. Bardin, _Schab. Prat._ ii. 88. Pomme de Bardin, _Riv. et Moul. Meth._ 191. Curtipendula Minora, _Bauh. Hist._ i. 23. Rothe Fenchelapfel, _Diel Kernobst._ iii. 199. Reinette Grise de Champagne, _acc. Bret. Ecole_.

FIGURE.--Jard. Fruit. ed. 2, pl. 99. Mayer Pom. Franc. tab. xxxiii. Poit. et Turp. pl. 67.

Fruit, small, two inches broad and about the same in height; roundish, and a little flattened. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, but so entirely covered with dark grey russet as to leave none of the ground color visible, except that portion exposed to the sun, which is dark redish brown. Eye, large and closed, set in a wide and rather shallow basin. Stalk, about an inch long, sometimes obliquely inserted, by the side of a fleshy prominence, in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, rich, sugary, and highly perfumed with the flavor of anise or fennel.

An excellent dessert apple; in use from November to January.

The tree is a small grower, but an abundant bearer, and requires a warm and rich soil to have the fruit in perfection.

124. FILL-BASKET.--H.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in height; conical, round at the base, flattened at the apex, and distinctly angular on the sides. Skin, pale dull greenish-yellow on the shaded side, and streaked with broken patches and pencilings of pale red, where exposed to the sun, the whole covered with russety dots. Eye, closed, as if drawn together or puckered, placed level with the flat crown, and with a small knob or wart at the base of each segment. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, thickest at the insertion, and placed in a small, round, and shallow cavity, which is surrounded with dark brown russet. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, and acid, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.

An excellent culinary apple, extensively grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster, where it is highly esteemed; it is in use from October to January.

This, which may be called the Lancashire Fill-basket, is very different from the Kentish variety of that name.

125. FLANDERS PIPPIN.--H.

Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two and a quarter high; oblate, and marked on the sides with ten distinct angles, five of which are more prominent than the others. Skin, pale green, changing to pale greenish-yellow as it ripens, and occasionally tinged with a cloud of thin dull red on the side exposed to the sun, and thinly strewed with a few dots. Eye, closed, with long and downy segments, set in a narrow and ribbed basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to an inch in length, slender, and inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, white, tender, and marrowy, juicy, and briskly flavored.

A culinary apple of second-rate quality; in use during October and November.

It is much grown in the Berkshire orchards.

126. FLOWER OF KENT.--Park.

IDENTIFICATION.--Park. Par. 587. Raii Hist. ii. 1448. Fors. Treat. 101. Lind Guide, 14. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 254. Down. Fr. Amer. 83. Rog. Fr. Cult. 37.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xv. f. 2.

Fruit, large; roundish, and considerably flattened, with obtuse angles on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, where they form prominent knobs on the apex. Skin, greenish-yellow, thickly strewed with green dots on the shaded side; but next the sun, dull red marked with patches and streaks of livelier red, and dotted with light grey dots. Eye, large and open, with broad reflexed segments, and placed in a large angular basin, which is marked with russet. Stalk, an inch long, thick and strong, deeply set in an angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a pleasant and briskly acid flavor.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to January.

The tree is a pretty good bearer, one of the strongest and most vigorous growers, and consequently more suitable for the orchard than the fruit garden.

This is a very old variety, being mentioned by Parkinson, Leonard Meager, and Ray, but there is no notice of it in the works of any subsequent writer till the publication of Forsyth’s Treatise.

127. FLUSHING SPITZENBURGH.--Down.

IDENTIFICATION.--Down. Fr. Amer. 139.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, narrowing towards the eye. Skin, entirely covered with deep red, which is streaked with deeper red, except on any small portion where it has been shaded, and there it is green, marked with broken streaks and mottles of red, the whole surface strewed with light grey russety dots. Eye, small and closed, very slightly depressed, and surrounded with plaits. Stalk, nearly an inch long, inserted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, greenish, tender, sweet, juicy, and without any predominance of acid.

An American dessert apple of little value; in use from October to January.

In the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue this is made synonymous with Esopus Spitzenburgh, but it is quite a different variety.

128. FOREST STYRE.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. pl. xii.

SYNONYMES.--Stire, _Marsh. Gloucest._ ii. 251. _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 799. Forest Styre, _Lind. Guide_, 104.

FIGURE.--Pom. Heref. pl. xii.

Fruit, below medium size; roundish, inclining to oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, pale yellow, with a blush of red on the side which is exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short obtuse segments, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, firm.

Specific gravity of the juice from 1076 to 1081.

This is a fine old Gloucestershire cider apple, which is extensively cultivated on the thin limestone soils of the Forest of Dean. The cider that it produces is strong bodied, rich, and highly flavored.

The tree produces numerous straight, luxuriant, upward shoots, like a pollard willow; it runs much to wood, and in deep soils attains a considerable size before it becomes fruitful.

129. FORGE.--H.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, obscurely ribbed, and sometimes narrowing towards the eye, where it is angular. Skin, smooth and shining, of a fine golden yellow color, strewed with mottles of crimson on the shaded side; and dark red marked with patches of deep crimson on the side exposed to the sun; sometimes when much exposed to the sun the yellow assumes a deep orange tinge. Eye, small and closed, set in an angular basin. Stalk, very short, not a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a small, round, and shallow cavity, surrounded with thick russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, mellow, juicy, sweet, and finely perfumed.

A beautiful and valuable apple, suitable either for the dessert, culinary use, or for the manufacture of cider. It is in use from October to January.

The tree attains about the middle size, is perfectly hardy and healthy, and quite free from canker and disease. It is a most abundant and regular bearer.

I am surprised that this beautiful apple has hitherto escaped the notice of pomologists, it being so universally grown, and generally popular, in the district to which it belongs. In the north-eastern parts of Sussex, and the adjoining county of Surrey, it is extensively cultivated, and I believe there is scarcely a cottager’s garden where it is not to be met with, nor is there a cottager to whom its name is not as familiar as his own, it being considered to supply all the qualifications that a valuable apple is supposed to possess; and although this judgment is formed in contrast with the other varieties grown in the district, nevertheless, the Forge is a useful and valuable apple, particularly to a cottager, whether we consider its great productiveness, its uses as a dessert and excellent cooking apple, or the excellent cider which it produces. It is said to have originated at a blacksmith’s forge near East Grinstead.

130. FORMAN’S CREW.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 256. Lind. Guide, 69. Rog. Fr. Cult. 60.

FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 89.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half high, and two inches wide; conical, and flattened at both ends. Skin, pale yellowish-green, with redish-brown on the side exposed to the sun, covered with pale, thin, yellowish-brown russet. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, not deeply inserted. Flesh, greenish-yellow, juicy, rich, and highly flavored, with much of the flavor of the Nonpareil and Golden Pippin.

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality; it comes into use in November, and keeps till April.

The tree is a great bearer, but tender and subject to canker.

It is well adapted for dwarf training when worked on the paradise stock.

This variety was raised by Thomas Seton Forman, Esq., Pennydarron Place, near Merthyr Tydvil, Glamorganshire.

131. FOULDEN PEARMAIN.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 69. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 541.

SYNONYME.--Horrex’s Pearmain, _acc. Lind. in Hort. Trans._

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half high, and about the same broad; ovate. Skin, yellow in the shade, and clear thin red on the side exposed to the sun, strewed all over with small russety dots. Eye, small and open, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a round and moderately deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, very juicy, and briskly acid.

An excellent culinary apple, and suitable also for the dessert; in use from November to March.

This variety originated in the garden of Mrs. Horrex, of Foulden, in Norfolk, and was first brought into notice by Mr. George Lindley, who communicated it to the Horticultural Society, March 7, 1820.

132. FOXLEY.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 14. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 258. Lind. Guide, 104.

FIGURE.--Pom. Heref. t. 14.

Fruit, growing in clusters of two or three together, very small, not much larger than a good sized cherry; roundish, and sometimes a little flattened, and narrowing towards the crown. Skin, deep, rich, golden yellow on the shaded side; and bright redish-orange on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, not depressed, and surrounded with a few knobs. Stalk, about an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow.

Specific gravity of the juice 1080.

A valuable cider apple.

This variety was raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., from the Cherry Apple, impregnated with the pollen of the Golden Pippin. It was named Foxley from the seat of the late Uvedale Price, Esq., in whose garden, where it had been grafted, it first attained maturity. Mr. Knight says, “there is no situation where the common Wild Crab will produce fruit, in which the Foxley will not produce a fine cider.”

133. FOX-WHELP.--Evelyn.

IDENTIFICATION.--Evelyn Pom. Lind. Guide, 105. Fors. Treat. 101. Down. Fr. Amer. 146. Rog. Fr. Cult. 112. Worl. Vin. 162.

FIGURE.--Pom. Heref. t. 3.

Fruit, medium sized; ovate, and irregularly shaped, with prominent angles on the sides. Skin, yellow and red, mixed with a good deal of deeper red streaked all over the fruit.

Specific gravity of the juice 1076 when the fruit is healthy; and when small and shrivelled it is 1080.

The juice of this variety is extremely rich and saccharine, and enters in a greater or less proportion into the composition of many of the finest ciders in Herefordshire, to which it communicates both strength and flavor.

This is one of the oldest of our cider apples, and is enumerated by Evelyn; but is not so highly extolled as the Redstreak, and some other varieties. In Evelyn’s “Advertisements concerning Cider,” a “person of great experience,” says “Cider for strength and a long lasting drink is best made of the _Fox-Whelp_ of the _Forest of Dean_, but which comes not to be drunk till two or three years old.” By Worlidge it was “esteemed among the choice cider fruits.”

134. FRANKLIN’S GOLDEN PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 283. Fors. Treat. 101. Lind. Guide, 15. Down. Fr. Amer. 83. Diel Kernobst. x. 92.

SYNONYME.--Sudlow’s Fall Pippin, _Hort. Trans._ vol. iv. p. 217.

FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 137. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xviii. f. 3.

Fruit, medium sized; oblato-ovate, even and regularly formed. Skin, of an uniform deep yellow, covered all over with dark spots interspersed with fine russet, particularly round the apex. Eye, small, with long narrow segments overlapping each other, partially open, and set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short and slender, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a round, narrow, and smooth cavity. Flesh, yellow, tender, and crisp, very juicy, vinous, and aromatic.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from October to December.

The tree does not attain a large size, but is vigorous, healthy, and hardy, and an excellent bearer. It is well suited for a dwarf or espalier, and succeeds well on the paradise stock.

This is of American origin, and was introduced to this country by John Sudlow, Esq., of Thames Ditton, and first exhibited at the London Horticultural Society in 1819.

135. FRIAR.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 30. Lind. Guide, 105. Salisb. Or. 126.

FIGURE.--Pom. Heref. t. 30.

Fruit, of good size; somewhat conical, being broad at the base, and narrow at the crown. Skin, dark grass-green on the shaded side; and dark muddy livid red where exposed to the sun. Eye, sunk, and surrounded by four or five obtuse but prominent ridges. Stalk, short and stiff, notwithstanding which the fruit is generally pendant.

Specific gravity of its juice 1073.

This is a cider apple cultivated in the north-west parts of Herefordshire, where the climate is cold, and the soil unfavourable, and where proper attention is never paid by the farmer to the management of his cider, which in consequence is generally fit only for the ordinary purposes of a farm-house.--_Knight._

The trees are vigorous and productive.

Mr. Knight says, “The Friar probably derived its name from some imagined resemblance between its color and that of the countenance of a well-fed ecclesiastic.”

136. FULWOOD.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 261. Lind. Guide, 48.

SYNONYME.--Green Fulwood, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish, with broad irregular ribs on the sides. Skin, green, covered with broken stripes of dark dull red on the side next the sun. Eye, large and closed, moderately depressed, and surrounded with broad plaits. Stalk, short and slender, deeply inserted in a narrow and uneven cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, very juicy, briskly acid, and slightly perfumed.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from November to March.

137. GANGES.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. Guide, 69. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 262.

Fruit, large; oblong and irregular. Skin, green, with a few specks of darker green interspersed; and dashed with red on the sunny side. Eye, hollow. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted, quite within the base. Flesh, pale yellowish-green, sub-acid, and of good flavor.

A culinary apple; in use from October to January.--_Lindley._

138. GARTER.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 26. Lind. Guide, 105. Salisb. Or. 125.

FIGURE.--Pom. Heref. t. 26.

Fruit, medium sized; oblong, tapering from the base to the crown, perfectly round in its circumference, and free from angles. Skin, pale yellow on the shaded side; but when exposed to the sun of a bright lively red, shaded with darker streaks and patches quite into the crown.

Specific gravity of its juice 1066.

Though this contains but a small portion of saccharine matter, it contributes to afford excellent cider when mixed with some of the older varieties.

139. GLORIA MUNDI.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 271. Down. Fr. Amer. 110.

SYNONYMES.--Monstrous Pippin, _Coxe View_, 117. Baltimore, _Hort. Trans._ iii. 120. _Lind. Guide_, 61. Glazenwood Gloria Mundi, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ New York Gloria Mundi, _Ibid._ American Gloria Mundi, _Ibid._ American Mammoth, _Ibid._ Mammoth, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 13. Ox Apple, _acc. Downing_. Pomme Josephine, _Poit et Turp._ v. tab. 423. Pomme Melon, _Ibid._ Belle Josephine, _Lelieur_. Belle Dubois, _acc. Dubrieul_. Paternoster, _Ibid._ Rhode Island, _Ibid._ Hausmütterchen, _Teutsche G. Mag._ ii. 453, t. 29. Menagère, _Ibid._

FIGURES.--Hort. Trans. vol. iii. t. 4. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiv. f. 2. Poit. et Turp. tab. 423.

Fruit, immensely large, sometimes measuring four inches and a half in diameter; of a roundish shape, angular on the sides, and flattened both at the base and the apex. Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green, interspersed with white dots and patches of thin delicate russet, and tinged with a faint blush of red next the sun. Eye, large, open, and deeply set in a wide and slightly furrowed basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a deep and open cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, and though not highly flavored, is an excellent culinary apple.

It is in use from October to Christmas.

This variety is of American origin, but some doubts exist as to where it was first raised, that honor being claimed by several different localities. The general opinion, however, is, that it originated in the garden of a Mr. Smith, in the neighbourhood of Baltimore, and was first brought over to this country by Captain George Hudson, of the ship Belvedere, of Baltimore, in 1817. It was introduced from America into France by Comte Lelieur, in 1804. But from the account given in the Allgemeines Teutsches Gärtenmagazin, it is doubtful whether it is a native of America, for in the volume of that work for 1805, it is said to have been raised by Herr Künstgartner Maszman, of Hanover. If that account is correct, its existence in America is in all probability owing to its having been taken thither by some Hanoverian emigrants. At page 41, vol. iii., Dittrich has confounded the synonymes of the _Gloria Mundi_ with _Golden Mundi_, which he has described under the name of _Monstow’s Pepping_.

140. GLORY OF ENGLAND.--H.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and over two inches and three quarters high; ovate, somewhat of the shape of Emperor Alexander, ribbed on the sides, and terminated round the eye by a number of puckered-like knobs. Skin, dull greenish-yellow, with numerous embedded whitish specks, particularly round the eye, and covered with large dark russety dots, and linear marks of russet; but on the side exposed to the sun it is of a deeper yellow, with a few broken streaks and dots of crimson. Eye, small and slightly closed, set in a shallow and puckered basin. Stalk, short and fleshy, inserted in a wide, deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, soft, juicy, sprightly, and slightly perfumed.

An excellent culinary apple; in use from October to January.

141. GLORY OF THE WEST.--Diel.

IDENTIFICATION.--Diel Kernobst. xii. 83.

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two inches and three quarters high; oblate, ridged and angular about the eye, and ribbed on the sides. Skin, smooth and shining, yellow, mixed in some parts with a tinge of green, and washed with thin clear red on the side next the sun; the whole surface is strewed with minute russety dots, and several large dark spots, such as are often met with on the Hawthornden. Eye, large, with long segments, and set in an angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is surrounded with a large patch of rough grey russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm but tender, very juicy, with a pleasant, brisk, and slightly perfumed flavor.

A culinary apple of first quality; it is in use the end of October and continues till Christmas.

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attaining a great size, and is an excellent bearer.

I had this variety from Mr. James Lake, of Bridgewater, and it is evidently identical with the Glory of the West of Diel, a name which, according to Lindley, is sometimes applied to the Dutch Codlin. The variety here described bears a considerable resemblance to that known by the name of Turk’s Cap.

142. GOGAR PIPPIN.--Fors.

IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 126. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 273. Lind. Guide, 48. Nicol. Villa. Gard. 31.

SYNONYME.--Stone Pippin, of some, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, obscurely angled, and slightly flattened. Skin, thick and membranous, pale green, strewed all over with small russety dots, and faintly mottled with a tinge of brownish-red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a very shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, sugary, and brisk.

A dessert apple of second-rate quality; in use from January to March.

This variety is of Scotch origin, and is said to have originated at Gogar, near Edinburgh.

143. GOLDEN HARVEY.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 275. Lind. Guide, 49. Down. Fr. Amer. 111. Rog Fr. Cult. 61.

SYNONYMES.--Brandy, _Fors. Treat._ 95. _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 45. Round Russet Harvey, _Rea Pom._ 210. _Worl. Vin._ 159?

FIGURES.--Pom. Heref. t. 22. Pom. Mag. t. 39. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiii. f. 4.

Fruit, small; oblato-cylindrical, even and free from angles. Skin, entirely covered with rough scaly russet, with sometimes a patch of the yellow ground color exposed on the shaded side, and covered with brownish-red on the side next the sun. Eye, small and open, with very short, reflexed segments, set in a wide, shallow, and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, with an exceedingly rich and powerful aromatic flavor.

This is one of the richest and most excellent dessert apples; it is in use from December to May; but is very apt to shrivel if exposed to light and air as most russety apples are.

The tree is a free grower, and perfectly hardy. It attains about the middle size and is an excellent bearer. When grown on the paradise stock it is well adapted for dwarf training, and forms a good espalier.

Independently of being one of the best dessert apples, it is also one of the best for cider; and from the great strength of its juice, the specific gravity of which is 1085, it has been called the _Brandy Apple_.

144. GOLDEN KNOB.--Fors.

IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 104. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 279. Rog. Fr. Cult. 54.

SYNONYME.--Kentish Golden Knob, _Nursery Catalogues_.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 9.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and the same in height; ovate, sometimes a little flattened, which gives it a roundish shape. Skin, pale green, becoming yellowish-green as it attains maturity; much covered with russet round the base and on the shaded side; but yellow, marked with streaks of a redish tinge, with crimson dots next the sun, and thickly strewed all over with large freckles of russet. Eye, open, generally with long segments, but in the roundish specimens they are short and stunted, and placed in a shallow basin. Stalk, very short, and quite embedded in the cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, of a brisk, sweet flavor.

A good dessert apple, of second-rate quality; in use from December to March.

The tree is hardy and a vigorous grower, producing enormous crops, and on that account extensively cultivated, particularly in Kent, for the supply of the London markets. Though a good apple it is one more deserving the attention of the orchardist than the fruit gardener.

145. GOLDEN MONDAY.--Switz.

SYNONYME.--Monstow’s Pepping, _Ditt. Handb._ iii. 41.

Fruit, small, about two inches and a half wide, and two inches high; roundish, inclining to oblate. Skin, smooth, pale grass green on the shaded side; but fine clear golden yellow dotted with crimson dots, on the side exposed to the sun, and in some parts marked with ramifications of very thin delicate brown russet, which generally issue from the basin of the eye. Eye, small, and rather open, with narrow, acute, and stiff segments, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, not a quarter of an inch long, quite embedded in a narrow, round, and rather deep cavity, which, with the base, is covered with very thick and rough scaly russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, not very juicy, sugary, brisk, and perfumed, not unlike the flavor of the Golden Pippin.

A very excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from October to Christmas.

I do not know what the Golden Mundi of Forsyth is, which he describes as a fine handsome apple, beautifully streaked with red; but that now described is the Golden Monday of the Berkshire orchards, and the same as has been cultivated in the Brompton Park nursery for upwards of a hundred years.

The Golden Russet is sometimes called by the name of Golden Monday, but it is a very distinct variety from this.

146. GOLDEN NOBLE.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iv., p. 524. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 280. Lind. Guide, 49.

Fruit, large; round, and narrowing towards the eye, handsome. Skin, smooth, clear bright yellow, without any blush of red, but a few small redish spots and small patches of russet. Eye, small, set in a round and deep basin, surrounded with plaits. Stalk, short, with a fleshy growth on one side of it, which connects it with the fruit. Flesh, yellow, tender, with a pleasant acid juice, and baking of a clear amber color, perfectly melting, with a rich acidity.

A valuable culinary apple; in use from September to December.

This was first brought into notice by Sir Thomas Harr, of Stowe Hall, Norfolk, whose gardener procured it from a tree supposed to be the original, in an old orchard at Downham, and communicated it to the Horticultural Society of London, in 1820.

147. GOLDEN PEARMAIN.--Fors.

IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 103. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 542. Lind. Guide, 70

SYNONYME.--Ruckman’s Pearmain, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 755.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiii. f. 6.

Fruit, medium sized, about two inches and a half in diameter, and the same in height; abrupt pearmain-shaped, irregularly ribbed on the sides, and uneven at the apex. Skin, pale yellow, strewed with patches of russet, and covered with minute russety dots on the shaded side; but deep redish orange, streaked with deeper color, and strewed with minute russety dots on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, with reflexed segments, and set in a wide, deep, and angular basin. Stalk, slender, three quarters of an inch long, and obliquely inserted, with frequently a fleshy protuberance on one side of it, in a rather shallow cavity, which is lined with green russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, very juicy, sweet, and lacking acidity, which gives it a sickly flavor.

An apple of second-rate quality, suitable either for culinary purposes or the dessert; in use from November to March.

The tree is an upright grower and a free bearer, but requires to be grown in good soil.

In America this is esteemed as a cider apple.

148. GOLDEN PIPPIN.--Evelyn.

IDENTIFICATION.--Evelyn Pom. Raii Hist. ii. 1447. Switz. Fr. Gard. 135. Pom. Heref. Lind. Guide, 16. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 281. Down. Fr. Amer. 112.

SYNONYMES.--Small Golding Pippin, or Bayford, _Meag. Eng. Gard._ 85. Barford Pippin, _acc. Raii Hist._ Russet Golden Pippin, _Lang. Pom._ 130, t. lxxix. f. 5. Balgown Pippin, _Leslie and Anders. Cat._ English Reinette, _acc. West. Univ. Bot._ iv. 139. Old Golden Pippin, _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 98. English Golden Pippin, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, n. 382. London Golden Pippin, _Ibid._ 387. Herefordshire Golden Pippin, _Ibid._ 384. Milton Golden Pippin, _Ibid._ 388. Warter’s Golden Pippin, _Ibid._ 394. Balgone Pippin, _Ibid._ 35. Balgone Golden Pippin, _acc. Ibid._ ed. 3. Bayfordbury, _acc. Ibid._ ed. 3. American Plate, _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 63, pl. xxxii. f. 2. Guolden Peppins, _Quint. Inst._ i. 202. Reinette d’Angleterre, _Schab. Prat._ ii. 88 Pepin d’Or, _Knoop Pom._ 54, tab. ix. Pomme d’Or, _Duh. Arb. Fruit._ i. 292, t. 7. Gelbe Englische Pipe, _Meyen Baumsch._ No. 14. Gold Pepping, _Diel Kernobst._ ii. 69. Peppin d’Or, _Knoop. Pom._ tab. ix. Goud Pepping, _Ibid._ 131. Goudeling’s Pepping, _Ibid._ Gulden Pipping, _Ibid._ Engelsche Goud Pepping, _Ibid._ Litle Pepping, _Ibid._ Kœnings Peppeling, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, n. 527.

FIGURES.--Pom. Heref. t. 2. Hook. Pom. Lond. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xviii. f. 5. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pl. 108.

Fruit, small; roundish, inclining to oblong, regularly and handsomely shaped, without inequalities or angles on the sides. Skin, rich yellow, assuming a deep golden tinge when perfectly ripe, with a deeper tinge where it has been exposed to the sun; the whole surface is strewed with russety dots, which are largest on the sunny side, and intermixed with these are numerous embedded pearly specks. Eye, small and open, with long segments, placed in a shallow, smooth, and even basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to an inch in length, inserted in a pretty deep cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk, vinous, and particularly fine flavor.

One of the oldest and by far the most highly esteemed of our dessert apples, and neither the Borsdorffer of the Germans, the Reinette of the French, nor the Newtown Pippin of the Americans, will ever occupy in the estimation of the English the place now accorded to the Golden Pippin. It is also an excellent cider apple. The specific gravity of its juice is 1078.

It is in season from November to April.

The tree is a free and vigorous grower, but does not attain a great size. It is also an excellent bearer.

When and where the Golden Pippin was first discovered, are now matters of uncertainty; but all writers agree in ascribing to it an English origin, some supposing it to have originated at Parham Park, near Arundel, in Sussex. Although it is not recorded at so early a period as some others, there is no doubt it is a very old variety. It is not, however, the “Golding Pippin” of Parkinson, for he says “it is the _greatest_ and best of all sorts of Pippins.” It was perhaps this circumstance that led Mr. Knight to remark, that from the description Parkinson has given of the apples cultivated in his time, it is evident that those now known by the same names, are different, and probably new varieties. But this is no evidence of such being the case, for I find there were two sorts of Golden Pippin, the “Great Golding,” and the “Small Golding, or Bayford,” both of which are mentioned by Leonard Meager, and there is no doubt the “Golding Pippin,” of Parkinson, was the “Great Golding.” Whether it was because it was little known, or its qualities were unappreciated, that the writers of the 17th century were so restrictive in their praises of the Golden Pippin, it is difficult to say; but true it is whilst Pearmains, Red Streaks, Codlings, and Catsheads, are set forth as the desiderata of an orchard, the Golden Pippin is but rarely noticed. Ralph Austin calls it “a very speciall apple and great bearer.” Evelyn certainly states that Lord Clarendon cultivated it, but it was only as a cider apple: for he says “at Lord Clarendon’s seat at Swallowfield, Berks, there is an orchard of 1000 Golden _and other cider_ Pippins.” In his Treatise on Cider he frequently notices it as a cider apple; but never in any place that I can recollect of as a dessert fruit. In the Pomona, he says, “About London and the southern tracts, the Pippin, and especially the Golden, is esteemed for making the most delicious cider, most wholesome, and most restorative.” Worlidge merely notices it as “smaller than the Orange Apple, else much like it in color, taste, and long keeping.” Ray seems the first who fully appreciated it, for after minutely and correctly describing it, he says, “Ad omnes culinæ usus præstantissimum habetur, et Pomaceo conficiendo egregium.” De Quintinye’s remarks are not at all complimentary. He says it has altogether the character of the paradise or some other wild apple, it is extremely yellow and round, little juice, which is pretty rich, and without bad flavor. But the Jardinier Solitaire, more impartial, or with better judgment, says, “son eau est tres sucrée; elle a le goût plus relevé que la Reynette; c’est ce que luy donne le mérite d’être reconnuë pour une tres excellente pomme.” The opinion of Angran de Rueneuve is also worth recording.

“La Pomme d’Or est venuë d’Angleterre; on l’y apelle Goule-Pepin. J’estime qu’elle doit être la Reyne des Pommes, et que la Reynette ne doit marche qu’aprés elle; car elle est d’un plus fin relief que toutes les autres Pommes.” Switzer calls it “the most antient, as well as most excellent apple that is.” But it is not my intention to record all that has been written in praise of the Golden Pippin, for that of itself would occupy too much space, my object in making these extracts being simply to show the gradual progress of its popularity.

The late President of the London Horticultural Society, T. A. Knight, Esq., considered that the Golden Pippin, and all the old varieties of English apples, were in the last stage of decay, and that a few years would witness their total extinction. This belief he founded upon the degenerate state of these varieties in the Herefordshire orchards, and also upon his theory that no variety of apple will continue to exist more than 200 years. But that illustrious man never fell into a greater error. It would be needless to enter into any further discussion upon a subject concerning which so much has already been said and written, as there is sufficient evidence to confute that theory. The Pearmain, which is the oldest English apple on record, shows no symptoms of decay, neither does the Catshead, London Pippin, Winter Quoining, or any other variety; those only _having been allowed to disappear_ from our orchards, which were not worth perpetuating, and their places supplied by others infinitely superior.

It is now considerably upwards of half a century since this doctrine was first promulgated, and though the old, exhausted, and diseased trees of the Herefordshire orchards, of which Mr. Knight spoke, together with their _diseased_ progeny--now that they have performed their part, and fulfilled the end of their existence--may ere this have passed away, we have the Golden Pippin still, in all the luxuriance of early youth, where it is found in a soil congenial to its growth; and exhibiting as little symptoms of decay as any of the varieties which Mr. Knight raised to supply the vacancy he expected it to create.

In the Brompton Park Nursery, where the same Golden Pippin has been cultivated for nearly two centuries, and continued from year to year by grafts taken from young trees in the nursery quarters, I never saw the least disposition to disease, canker, or decay of any kind; but, on the contrary, a free, vigorous, and healthy growth.

But this alarm of Mr. Knight for the safety of the Golden Pippin, and his fear of its extinction, were based upon no new doctrine, for we find Mortimer a hundred years before, equally lamenting the Kentish Pippin. After speaking of manures, &c., for the regeneration of fruit trees, he says, “I shall be glad if this account may put any upon the trial of raising that excellent fruit the Kentish Pippin, which else, I fear, will be lost. For I find in several orchards, both in Kent, Essex, and Hertfordshire, old trees of that sort, but I can find no young ones to prosper. A friend of mine tried a great many experiments in Hertfordshire, about raising them, and could never get them to thrive, though he had old trees in the same orchard that grew and bore very well. I likewise tried several experiments myself, and have had young trees thrive so well, as to make many shoots of a yard long in a year, but these young shoots were always blasted the next year, or cankered; which makes me think that the ancients had some particular way of raising them, that we have lost the knowledge of.” Although this was written a hundred and fifty years ago, we have the Kentish Pippin still, which though not so much cultivated, or so well known now as then, is nevertheless where it does exist as vigorous and healthy as ever it was.

149. GOLDEN REINETTE.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 661. Lind. Guide, 50. Down. Fr. Amer. 129. Rog. Fr. Cult. 101.

SYNONYMES.--Aurore, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 26. Dundee, _Ibid._ 289. Megginch Favorite, _Ibid._ 600. Princesse Noble, _Ibid._ 814. Reinette d’Aix, _Ibid._ 860. Reinette Gielen, _Ibid._ 888. Yellow German Reinette, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3. Elizabeth, _Ibid._ Englise Pippin, _Ibid._ Wygers, _Ibid._ Court-pendu dorée, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 206. Kirke’s Golden Reinette, _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 102. Golden Renet. _Raii Hist._ ii. 1448. Golden Rennet, _Lang. Pom._ 134, t. lxxvi. f. 6. _Fors. Treat._ 103. Pomme Madame, _Knoop Pom._ 65, t. xi. Wyker Pipping, _Ibid._ 132.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 69. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xii. f. 6.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, and a little flattened. Skin, a fine deep yellow, which towards the sun is tinged with red, streaked with deeper and livelier red, and dotted all over with russety dots. Eye, large and open, with short dry segments, and set in a wide and even basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a round and even cavity. Flesh, yellow, crisp, brisk, juicy, rich, and sugary.

A fine old dessert apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from November to April.

The tree is healthy, vigorous, and an abundant bearer. It requires a light and warm soil, and is well adapted for dwarf training when worked on the paradise stock. Large quantities of this fruit are grown in the counties round London for the supply of the different markets, where they always command a high price.

This variety has been long known in this country and esteemed as one of the finest apples. Worlidge, in 1676, says, “It is to be preferred in our plantations for all occasions.” Ellis, in his “Modern Husbandman,” 1744, says, “The Golden Rennet, when of the largest sort, may be truly said to be the farmer’s greatest favorite apple, because when all others miss bearing, this generally stands his friend, and bears him large quantities on one tree.”

150. GOLDEN RUSSET.--Ray.

IDENTIFICATION.--Raii Hist. ii. 1447. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 740. Lind. Guide, 89. Fors. Treat. 103. Rog. Fr. Cult. 105. Down. Fr. Amer. 132.

SYNONYME.--Aromatick, or Golden Russeting, _Worl. Vin._ 156.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxix. f. 2.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high; ovate. Skin, thick, covered with dingy yellow russet, which is rough and thick on the shaded side, and round the base; and sometimes with a little bright red on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a prominently plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in an uneven cavity, and not protruding beyond the base. Flesh, pale yellow, firm, crisp, sugary, and aromatic; but not abounding in juice.

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to March.

The tree is healthy and an excellent bearer, but requires a warm situation to bring the fruit to perfection.

This is another of our old English apples. Worlidge calls it the Aromatick, or Golden Russeting, “it hath no compear, it being of a gold-color coat, under a russet hair, with some warts on it. It lives over the winter, and is, without dispute, the most pleasant apple that grows; having a most delicate aromatick hautgust, and melting in the mouth.”

151. GOLDEN STREAK.--H.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a quarter high; ovate. Skin, fine clear yellow, marked all over with broken streaks of fine bright crimson. Eye, large and open, considerably depressed. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a russety basin. Flesh, yellow, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.

A Somersetshire cider apple.

152. GOLDEN WINTER PEARMAIN.--Diel.

IDENTIFICATION.--Diel Kernobst. x. 174.

SYNONYMES.--King of the Pippins, _Hort. Soc. Cat. ed._ 3, n. 383. _Fors. Treat._ 110. _Lind. Guide_, 31. _Down. Fr. Amer._ 88. Hampshire Yellow, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 431. Hampshire Yellow Golden Pippin, _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 86. Jones’s Southampton Pippin, _acc. Rogers_.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 117. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxviii. f. 4.

Fruit, medium sized; abrupt pearmain-shaped, broadest at the base. Skin, smooth, of a deep, rich, golden yellow, which is paler on the shaded side than on that exposed to the sun, where it is of a deep orange, marked with streaks and mottles of crimson, and strewed with russety dots. Eye, large and open, with long, acuminate, and reflexed segments; and placed in a round, even, and rather deep basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, stout, and inserted in a rather shallow cavity, which is lined with thin pale brown russet mixed with a tinge of green. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, breaking, juicy, and sweet; with a pleasant and somewhat aromatic flavor.

A beautiful and very handsome apple of first-rate quality, and suitable either for the dessert or for culinary purposes; it is in use from the end of October to January.

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, a most abundant bearer, and attains a considerable size. It is perfectly hardy, and will grow in almost any situation.

This variety was first brought into notice by Mr. Kirke, a nurseryman, at Brompton, under the name of _King of the Pippins_. I have, however, thought it advisable to discontinue that name in connection with this variety, because Diel previously possessed and described it under the name of _Golden Winter Pearmain_, which is much more appropriate; and the name of King of the Pippins belongs to another and very distinct variety.--_See No. 199_.

153. GOOSEBERRY.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 293.

Fruit, very large; roundish-ovate. Skin, smooth, deep lively green, with a brownish tinge where exposed to the sun; strewed all over with minute russety dots, which are large and redish next the sun. Eye, open, with broad, flat, ovate segments, set in a deep and plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep, round, and slightly russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, very tender, delicate, and marrowy, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.

A culinary apple of the finest quality, and surpassed by none for the purpose to which it is applicable; it is in use from October to January.

This is a valuable apple to the market gardener, and is now extensively cultivated in the Kentish orchards, particularly about Faversham, and Sittingbourne, for the supply of the London Markets. This is a very different apple from the Gooseberry Pippin of Ronald’s Pyrus Malus Brentfordensis.

154. GRANGE.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 7. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 295. Lind. Guide, 106.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 6.

Fruit, below medium size; roundish, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, smooth, of a rich golden yellow, assuming a slight orange tinge next the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots. Eye, large and open, with broad, flat, and reflexed segments; and scarcely at all depressed. Stalk, very short and fleshy, inserted in a wide and shallow cavity, which is tinged with green color and slightly russety. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, sugary, and briskly flavored.

A very excellent apple either for the dessert or for the manufacture of cider; it is in use from October to January.

The specific gravity of its juice is 1079.

The tree is perfectly hardy and an excellent bearer.

This is one of the excellent productions of T. A. Knight, Esq. It was raised in 1791, from the seed of the Orange Pippin, impregnated with the pollen of the Golden Pippin, and introduced in 1802. The original tree is at Wormsley Grange, in Herefordshire.

155. GRANGE’S PEARMAIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.

SYNONYME.--Grange’s Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and the same in height; pearmain-shaped, as large, and very much the shape of the Royal Pearmain. Skin, yellow, with a tinge of green, and studded with embedded pearly specks, on some of which are minute russety points, on the shaded side; but marked with broken stripes and spots of crimson, interspersed with large russety dots on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, partially closed with broad flat segments, set in a round, deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, stout, and rather fleshy, inserted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, tender, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.

A fine large apple of first-rate quality as a culinary fruit, and also very good for the dessert. It bakes beautifully, and has a fine and pleasant acid; it is in use from November to February.

The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer.

156. GRAVENSTEIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 297. Lind. Guide, 71. Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 216. Fors. Treat. 104. Down. Fr. Amer. 85.

SYNONYMES.--Grave Slije, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Sabine, of the Flemings, _Ibid._ Gräfensteiner, _Diel Kernobst._ viii. 8. _Sickler Obstgärt._ xxi. 116.

FIGURES.--Hort. Trans. vol. iv. t. 21. Pom. Mag. t. 98. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. x. f. 1.