Chapter VII: Section II: Sphæroidea.--Spherical Apples (5)

Fruit, above the medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, irregular, and angular on the sides, the ribs of which extend from the base even to the eye. Skin, smooth, clear pale waxen-yellow, streaked and dotted with lively crimson, intermixed with orange, on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, with long segments, which are a little reflexed, and set in an irregular, angular, and knobbed basin, which is sometimes lined with fine delicate russet, and dotted round the margin with minute russety dots. Stalk, very short, but sometimes three quarters of an inch long, set in a deep and angular cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, very juicy, with a rich, vinous, and powerful aromatic flavor; and if held up between the eye and the light, with the hand placed on the margin of the basin of the eye, it exhibits a transparency like porcelain.

This is a very valuable apple of the first quality, and is equally desirable either for the dessert or culinary purposes; it is in use from October to December.

The tree is hardy, a vigorous and healthy grower, and generally a good bearer. It has somewhat of a pyramidal habit of growth, and attains a considerable size.

Though not of recent introduction, this beautiful and excellent apple is comparatively but little known, otherwise it would be more generally cultivated. It is one of the favorite apples of Germany, particularly about Hamburgh, and in Holstein, where it is said to have originated in the garden of the Duke of Augustenberg, at the Castle of Grafenstein. The original tree is said to have been in existence about the middle of the last century. According to Diel some suppose it to be of Italian origin.

157. GREEN TIFFING.--H.

SYNONYME.--Mage’s Johnny, _in Lancashire_.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half high, and about the same in width; conical, rounded at the base, and somewhat angular and ribbed on the sides and round the eye. Skin, smooth, green at first, but changing as it ripens to yellowish-green; next the sun it is quite yellow, strewed with minute russety dots, and a few dots of red. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow basin, and surrounded with prominent plaits. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, tender, very juicy, and pleasantly acid.

A most excellent culinary apple; in use from September to December.

This is an esteemed variety in Lancashire, where it is extensively cultivated.

The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer.

158. GREEN WOODCOCK.

Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high; round, and somewhat flattened. Skin, green, changing to yellow on the shaded side, and dotted with a few grey dots; but red, mottled with broad broken stripes of darker red on the side next the sun, which become paler as they extend to the shaded side. Eye, open, with long acuminate segments, deeply set in an angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity, lined with rough russet, which extends over the base. Flesh, white, deeply tinged with green, tender, juicy, and briskly flavored.

A culinary apple; in use from October to Christmas.

This variety is grown in some parts of Sussex particularly about Hailsham and Heathfield.

159. GREENUP’S PIPPIN.--H.

SYNONYME.--Greenus’s Pippin, _of some Catalogues_.

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two and a half high; roundish, broadest at the base, and with a prominent rib on one side, extending from the base to the crown. Skin, smooth, pale straw colored tinged with green, on the shaded side; but covered with beautiful bright red on the side next the sun, and marked with several patches of thin delicate russet. Eye, closed, with long flat segments, placed in a round, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a wide cavity. Flesh, pale yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, and briskly flavored.

An excellent apple, either for culinary or dessert use.

In the northern counties it is a popular and highly esteemed variety, and ranks as a first-rate fruit. It is in use from October to December.

The tree is hardy and healthy; it does not attain a large size, but is an abundant bearer. When grown against a wall, as it is sometimes in the North of England, and border counties, the fruit attains a large size, and is particularly handsome and beautiful.

This variety was first discovered growing in the garden of a shoemaker, at Keswick, named Greenup, and was first cultivated and made public by Clarke and Atkinson, nurserymen at that place about fifty years ago. It is now much cultivated throughout the border counties, and is a valuable apple where the more choice varieties do not attain perfection.

160. GREY LEADINGTON.--Gibs.

IDENTIFICATION.--Gibs. Fr. Gard. 354. Nicol. Villa. Gard. 31. Fors. Treat. 111. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 401.

SYNONYMES.--Leadington’s Grauer Pipping, _Diel Kernobst._ x. 144. Gray Leadington Pippin, _Ibid._

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in height; oblong or conical, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow, covered with cinnamon-colored russet, on the shaded side, and pale red when exposed to the sun; the whole covered with whitish-grey dots. Eye, large and open, with long acuminate segments, and set in a rather deep basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a pretty deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, tender, very juicy, and of a rich, vinous, sugary, and aromatic flavor.

An excellent apple of first-rate quality, desirable either for the dessert or for culinary purposes; it is in use from September to January.

The tree is a strong grower, vigorous, hardy, and an excellent bearer. It succeeds well as a dwarf on the paradise stock.

This is a favorite apple in Scotland, where it ranks among the best dessert fruits.

161. GROS FAROS.--Duh.

IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 385. Schab. Prat. ii. 90. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 244.

SYNONYME.--Faros, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high; roundish and flattened, broadest at the base, and narrowing towards the eye, sometimes slightly angled. Skin, smooth, pale greenish-yellow, with a few streaks of red where shaded; and entirely covered with red, which is striated with deeper red where exposed to the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a narrow, round, and rather deep basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined with dark brown russet. Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, firm, juicy, sweet, slightly acid, and perfumed.

A dessert apple of good but not first-rate quality; in use from December to March.

The tree is healthy and vigorous, and a good bearer.

162. HAGLOE CRAB.--Knight.

IDENTIFICATION.--Pom. Heref. t. 5. Fors. Treat. 106. Lind. Guide, 107.

Fruit, small, two inches wide, and the same in height; ovate, flattened, and irregularly shaped. Skin, pale yellow, streaked with red next the sun, and covered with a few patches of grey russet. Eye, open, with flat, reflexed segments. Stalk, short. Flesh, soft and woolly, but not dry.

Specific gravity of its juice 1081.

This is a most excellent cider apple; the liquor it produces being remarkable for its strength, richness, and high flavor. It requires, however, to be grown in certain situations; a dry soil with a calcareous subsoil, being considered the best adapted for producing its cider in perfection. Marshall says, “It was raised from seed by Mr. Bellamy, of Hagloe, in Gloucestershire, grandfather of the present Mr. Bellamy, near Ross, in Herefordshire, who draws from it (that is, from trees grafted with scions from this parent stock) a liquor, which for richness, flavor, and _pure on the spot_, exceeds perhaps every other fruit liquor which nature and art have produced. He has been offered sixty guineas for a hogshead (about 110 gallons) of this liquor. He has likewise been offered bottle for bottle of wine, or spirituous liquors, the best to be produced; and this without freight, duty, or even a mile of carriage to enhance its original price.”

163. HALL DOOR.--Fors.

IDENTIFICATION.--Fors. Treat. 106. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 313. Rog. Fr. Cult. 57.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxiii. f. 1.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quarters high; oblate, puckered round the eye. Skin, pale green at first, but changing to dull yellow, streaked with red. Eye, set in a wide and irregular basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, but coarse, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.

A dessert apple of ordinary merit; in use from December to March.

164. HAMBLEDON DEUX ANS.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 202. Ron. Pyr. Mal. 83.

FIGURE.--Ron Pyr. Mal. pl. xlii. f. 4.

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish, rather broadest at the base. Skin, greenish-yellow in the shade; and dull red, streaked with broad stripes of deeper and brighter red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a rather shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, not very juicy, but richly and briskly flavored.

One of the most valuable culinary apples, and not unworthy of the dessert; it is in use from January to May, and is an excellent keeper.

This variety originated at Hambledon, a village in Hampshire, where there are several trees of a great age now in existence.

165. HANWELL SOURING.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 219. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 319. Lind. Guide, 71.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxx. f. 4.

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish-ovate, angular, or somewhat five-sided, and narrowing towards the eye. Skin, greenish-yellow, sprinkled with large russety dots, which are largest about the base; and with a faint blush of red next the sun. Eye, closed, set in a deep, narrow, and angular basin, which is lined with russet. Stalk, very short, inserted in an even funnel-shaped cavity, from which issue ramifications of russet. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, with a brisk and poignant acid flavor.

An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use in December and keeps till March, when it possesses more acidity than any other variety which keeps to so late a period.

It is said to have been raised at Hanwell, a place near Banbury, in Oxfordshire.

166. HARGREAVE’S GREEN-SWEET.--H.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches and a half high; oblato-cylindrical, angular on the sides, with prominent ridges round the eye. Skin, yellow, tinged with green, on the shaded side; but deeper yellow tinged with green, and marked with a few faint streaks of red next the sun, and strewed all over with small russety dots. Eye, half open, with linear segments, placed in a deep and angular basin, which is surrounded with ridges formed by the termination of the costal angles. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, and inserted in a deep, round cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet, and perfumed.

A good dessert apple but lacks acidity; it is in use during September and October.

About Lancaster this is a well-known apple. The original tree, which is of great age, is still standing in the nursery of John Hargreave and Sons, hence it is called Hargreave’s Green-Sweet.

167. HARVEY APPLE.--Park.

IDENTIFICATION.--Park. Par. 587. Aust. Orch. 54. Worl. Vin. 159. Raii Hist. ii. 1448. Switz. Fr. Gard. 138. Lind. Guide, 72.

SYNONYME.--Doctor Harvey, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 208.

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and about the same high; ovate, and somewhat angular. Skin, greenish-yellow, dotted with green and white specks, and marked with ramifications of russet about the apex. Eye, small, very slightly depressed, and surrounded with several prominent plaits. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in an uneven and deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, juicy, pleasantly acid, and perfumed.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality, well-known and extensively cultivated in Norfolk; it is in use from October to January.

The tree is large, hardy, and a great bearer.

In the Guide to the Orchard, it is said, “When baked in an oven which is not too hot, these apples are most excellent; they become sugary, and will keep a week or ten days, furnishing for the dessert a highly flavored sweetmeat.”

This is one of the oldest English apples. It is first mentioned by Parkinson as “a faire, greate, goodly apple; and very well rellished.” Ralph Austen calls it “a very choice fruit, and the trees beare well.” Indeed it is noticed by almost all the early authors. According to Ray it is named in honor of Dr. Gabriel Harvey, of Cambridge, “Pomum Harveianum ab inventore Gabriele Harveio Doctore nomen sortitum Cantabrigiæ suæ deliciæ.”

168. HARVEY’S PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 19.

SYNONYME.--Dredge’s Beauty of Wilts, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 53.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, but washed with fine red on the side next the sun, and marked with crimson dots. Flesh, firm, crisp, juicy, and richly flavored.

An excellent and useful apple either for culinary purposes or dessert use; it is in season from December to February.

The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer; it attains above the middle size, and may be grown either as an open dwarf, or an espalier, when grafted on the paradise stock.

169. HARVEY’S WILTSHIRE DEFIANCE.--H.

Fruit, of the largest size; conical, and very handsomely shaped, distinctly five-sided, having five prominent and acute angles descending from the apex, till they are lost in the base. Skin, fine deep sulphur yellow; of a deeper shade on the side which is exposed to the sun, and covered all over with minute russety dots, with here and there ramifying patches of russet. Eye, pretty large and open, with short ragged segments, and set in a rather shallow and angular basin. Stalk, very short, about half-an-inch long, and not extending beyond the base, inserted in a round and deep cavity, lined with rough scaly russet, which branches out over a portion of the base. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and juicy, sugary, vinous, and richly flavored. Core, very small for the size of the apple.

A very handsome and most desirable apple, being of first-rate quality, either as a dessert or culinary fruit; it is in use from the end of October to the beginning of January.

This variety seems to be comparatively little known; but it is well deserving the notice either of the fruit gardener, or the orchardist; to the latter particularly so, as its size, fine appearance, and handsome shape make it attractive at market; and its solid and weighty flesh give it an advantage over many apples of its size.

170. HAUTE BONTÉ.--Duh.

IDENTIFICATION.--Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. 315. Quint. Inst. i. 203. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 323.

SYNONYMES.--Reinette grise, haute bonté, _Bon Jard._ 1843, 514. Blandilalie, in Poitou, _acc. Quint._

FIGURES.--Nois. Jard. Fr. ed. 2, pl. 106. Duh. Arb. Fruit. i. pl. xii. f. 1.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, somewhat ribbed on the sides, and flattened at both ends; broadest at the base, and narrowing towards the apex, which is terminated by prominent ridges. Skin, smooth and shining, green at first, but changing to yellow as it ripens, and with a faint tinge of red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, half open, with long acuminate segments, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep and irregular cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, sugary, rich, brisk, and aromatic.

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality when grown to perfection; it is in use from January to May.

This is a variety of the Reinette Grise, and a very old French apple.

171. HAWTHORNDEN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 324. Lind. Guide, 17. Down. Fr. Amer. 86. Rog. Fr. Cult. 26.

SYNONYMES.--Hawthorndean, _Fors. Treat._ 107. White Hawthorndean, _Nicol. Gard. Kal._ 256. Red Hawthorndean, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ White Apple, _acc. Nicol. Villa Gard._ 30.

FIGURE.--Hook Pom. Lond. t. 44. Pom. Mag. t. 34. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. iv. f. 1.

Fruit, varying very much in size, according to the situation and condition of the tree; sometimes it is very large, and again scarcely attaining the middle size; generally, however, it is above the medium size; roundish and depressed, with occasionally a prominent rib on one side, which gives it an irregularity in its appearance. Skin, smooth, covered with a delicate bloom; greenish-yellow, with a blush of red on one side, which varies in extent and depth of color according as it has been more or less exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with broad and flat segments, placed in a pretty deep and irregular basin. Stalk, short, stout, and sometimes fleshy, inserted in a deep and irregular cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, and tender, very juicy, with an agreeable and pleasant flavor.

One of the most valuable and popular apples in cultivation. It is suitable only for kitchen use, and is in season from October to December.

The tree is very healthy and vigorous, and as an early and abundant bearer is unrivalled by any other variety. It succeeds well in almost every description of soil and situation where it is possible for apples to grow.

This variety was raised at Hawthornden, a romantic spot near Edinburgh, celebrated as the birthplace and residence of Drummond the poet, who was born there in 1585. I have never learnt at what period the Hawthornden was first discovered. The first mention of it is in the catalogue of Leslie and Anderson, of Edinburgh; but I do not think it was known about London till 1790, when it was introduced to the Brompton Park nursery.

172. HERMANN’S PIPPIN.--H.

SYNONYME.--Grosser Gestreifter Hermannsapfel, _Diel Kernobst._ vii. 99?

Fruit, above medium size, three inches broad, and the same in height; roundish, and irregularly formed. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side; but striped and mottled with dark crimson on the side next the sun, and thickly strewed with russety dots round the eye. Eye, open, with long green acuminate segments, which are recurved at the tips, and set in a deep and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity, which is lined with rough grey russet, extending over almost the whole of the base. Flesh, yellowish-white, very tender and juicy, but with little flavor.

An apple of very ordinary quality, which seems only suitable for culinary purposes; it is in use from October to January.

I received this variety from Mr. James Lake, of Bridgewater, and it seems to be so like the description of Diel’s Grosser Gestreifter Hermannsapfel, that I have adopted it as a synonyme.

173. HOARY MORNING.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 336. Lind. Guide, 18. Down. Fr. Amer. 113.

SYNONYMES.--Dainty Apple, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 234. Downy, _Ibid._ 275. Sam Rawlings, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 53. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxviii. f. 1.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular. Skin, yellowish, marked with broad pale red stripes on the shaded side; and broad broken stripes of bright crimson on the side next the sun; the whole surface entirely covered with a thick bloom, like thin hoar frost. Eye, very small, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide and round cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tinged with red at the surface under the skin, brisk, juicy, rich, and slightly acid.

A beautiful and very good culinary apple, of second-rate quality; it is in use from October to December.

174. HOLLANDBURY.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 338.

SYNONYMES.--Hollingbury, _Fors. Treat._ 107. Hawberry Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc Cat._ ed. 3. Horsley Pippin, _Ibid._ Beau Rouge, _Ibid._ Bonne Rouge, _Ibid._ Howbury Pippin, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 467. Kirke’s Scarlet Admirable, _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 38. Kirke’s Schöner Rambour, _Diel. Kernobst._ v. B. 52.

FIGURES.--Brook. Pom. Brit. pl. xciii. f. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl xl. f. 2.

Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters wide, and three inches high; roundish and flattened, with irregular and prominent angles or ribs extending from the base to the apex. Skin, deep yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side; but bright deep scarlet where exposed to the sun, generally extending over the whole surface. Eye, closed, with long acuminate segments, and set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity, which is generally lined with russet. Flesh, white, with a slight tinge of green, delicate, tender and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.

A beautiful and showy apple for culinary purposes, but not of first-rate quality; it is in use from October to Christmas.

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, but not a very abundant bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise stock.

175. HOLLAND PIPPIN.--Langley.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lang. Pom. 134, t. lxxix. f. 1. Mill. Dict. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 339. Lind. Guide, 51. Down. Fr. Amer. 86.

SYNONYMES.--Summer Pippin, _acc. Down._ Pie Pippin, _Ibid._

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish and flattened, with ribs on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow, with a slight tinge of pale brown where exposed to the sun, and strewed with large green dots. Eye, small and closed, set in a round, narrow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in a wide and deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, tender, juicy, sugary, and briskly acid.

A valuable apple, of first-rate quality for culinary purposes; it is in use from November to March.

The tree is a strong grower, vigorous, healthy, and a good bearer.

This is the Holland Pippin of Langley and Miller, but not of Ray or Ralph Austen, who make it synonymous with the Kirton Pippin, which Ray describes as being small and oblate, and the same as is called Broad-eye in Sussex. The Holland Pippin is a native of the Holland district of Lincolnshire, hence its name.

176. HOLLOW CORE.--H.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and three inches high; conical, irregular in its outline, ribbed, and distinctly four-sided; at about four-fifths of its length towards the crown it is very much contracted and swells out again towards the eye, altogether very much resembling a codlin in shape. Skin, smooth and shining, pale grass green on the shaded side, and covered with a cloud of pale red next the sun, thinly strewed with dots, which are red on the exposed, and dark green on the shaded side. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow, contracted, and plaited basin, which is surrounded with several small knobs. Stalk, green and downy, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow, close, and deep basin, which is quite smooth. Flesh, white, very tender and delicate, with a brisk, mild, and pleasant flavor. Core, very large, with open cells.

An excellent culinary apple, with a fine perfume; ripe in September.

This variety is extensively grown in Berkshire, particularly about Newbury and Reading, whence large quantities are sent to London for the supply of Covent Garden Market.

177. HOLLOW CROWNED PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 341. Lind. Guide, 72.

SYNONYME.--Hollow-eyed Pippin, _Fors. Treat._ 107.

Fruit, medium sized; oblato-oblong, the same width at the apex as the base, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, pale green, becoming yellow at maturity, with a faint blush of red where it is exposed to the sun. Eye, large, and set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, thick, and curved, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, firm, juicy, sugary, and briskly acid.

An excellent culinary apple; in use from November to February.

178. HOOD’S SEEDLING.--Ronalds.

IDENTIFICATION AND FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiii. f. 5.

This appears to me to be identical with the Scarlet Pearmain. The fruit is exactly the same, and not distinguishable from it. The only difference I can detect is, that the young trees are more strong and vigorous than that variety; but the distinction is altogether so slight, that if not really identical, they are so similar as not to require separate descriptions.

179. HORMEAD PEARMAIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 545.

SYNONYMES.--Arundel Pearmain, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 744. Hormead Pippin _Ibid._ 462.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in height; of the true pearmain-shape, regular and handsome. Skin, of an uniform clear yellow, strewed with brown russety dots. Eye, large and closed, with long segments, and set in a shallow and uneven basin. Stalk, very short and stout, deeply inserted. Flesh, white, tender, very juicy, and pleasantly acid.

An excellent apple, of first-rate quality for culinary use, and suitable also for the dessert; it is in season from October to March.

180. HORSHAM RUSSET.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 89.

Fruit, about the size of the Nonpareil, but not so regular in its outline, generally about two inches and a quarter in diameter, and two inches deep. Eye, small and closed, in a small depression without angles. Stalk, short, rather thick, rather deeply inserted in a wide, uneven cavity. Skin, pale green, covered with a thin, yellowish-grey russet round its upper part, with a pale salmon-colored tinge on the sunny side. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp. Juice, plentiful, of a high aromatic Nonpareil flavor.

A dessert apple; in season from November till March.

Raised from the seed of a Nonpareil about thirty years ago (1821), by Mrs. Goose, of Horsham St. Faith’s, near Norwich. It is a very hardy tree, and a good bearer.

180. HOSKREIGER.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 343.

SYNONYME.--Heidelocher, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._

FIGURE.--Maund. Fruit. pl. 51.

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish and considerably flattened, almost oblate. Skin, of a fine grass-green, which changes as it ripens to yellowish-green, and marked with broad streaks of pale red, on the side next the sun, which is strewed with rather large russety freckles. Eye, small and open, with erect, acute segments, and placed in a rather deep, narrow, and undulating basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with pale brown russet. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.

A first-rate culinary apple; in use from November till March.

The tree is a vigorous and healthy grower, and an abundant bearer.

181. HUBBARD’S PEARMAIN.--Lind.

IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 68. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 546.

SYNONYMES.--Hubbard’s, _Fors. Treat._ 108. Russet Pearmain, _acc. Fors. Treat._ Golden Vining, _acc. Pom. Mag._ Hammon’s Pearmain, _acc. Riv. Cat._

FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 27.

Fruit, small; ovate, and regularly formed. Skin, covered with pale brown russet, and where any portion of the ground color is exposed, it is yellowish-green on the shaded side, and brownish-red next the sun; but sometimes it is almost free from russet, particularly in hot seasons, being then of an uniform yellowish-green, mottled with orange or pale red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, and set in a shallow basin. Stalk, short, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a round and even cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, not juicy, but very rich, sugary, and highly aromatic.

This is one of the richest flavored dessert apples; it is in use from November to April.

The tree is a small grower, but healthy, hardy, and an abundant bearer.

Hubbard’s Pearmain was first introduced to public notice by Mr. George Lindley, at a meeting of the London Horticultural Society in 1820. “This,” says Mr. Lindley, “is a real Norfolk apple, well known in the Norwich market; and although it may be found elsewhere, its great excellence may have caused its removal hence. The merits of Hubbard’s Pearmain as a table apple are unrivalled, and its superior, from the commencement of its season to the end, does not, I am of opinion, exist in this country.”

182. HUGHES’S GOLDEN PIPPIN.--Hooker.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 26. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 284. Lind. Guide, 18. Rog. Fr. Cult. 85.

SYNONYME.--Hughes’s New Golden Pippin, _Fors. Treat._ 108. _Diel Kernobst._ x. 97.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 132. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xviii. f. 4.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high; round, and flattened at both extremities. Skin, rich yellow, covered with large, green, and russety dots, which are thickest round the eye. Eye, open, with short, flat, acuminate segments, which are generally reflexed at the tips, and set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, and not at all depressed, being sometimes like a small knob on the flattened base. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, rich, brisk, juicy, sugary, and aromatic.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to February.

The tree is hardy, and healthy, though not a strong grower, the shoots being long and slender. It is also an excellent bearer.

183. HUNT’S DEUX ANS.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 201.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches and a half high; somewhat conical, irregularly formed, and angular. Skin, greenish, and covered with grey russet on the shaded side; but redish-brown covered with grey russet, and large russety dots, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large, and open, with long, spreading, acuminate segments, placed in a deep, angular, and irregular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, oblique cavity, and not extending beyond the base. Flesh, yellowish-white tinged with green, firm and leathery, juicy and sugary, with a rich and highly aromatic flavor, very similar to, and little inferior to the Ribston Pippin.

A dessert apple of the first quality, whether as regards its long duration, or the peculiar richness of its flavor: it is in use from December to March; but according to Mr. Thompson--no mean authority--it will keep for two years. It may, however, be a question whether or not this is identical with the Hunt’s Deux Ans of the Horticultural Society, which Mr. Thompson regards as only a second-rate fruit. If it is the same, the climate of Somersetshire, whence I had both trees and specimens of the fruit, is more adapted for bringing it to perfection than that of Chiswick.

184. HUNT’S DUKE OF GLOUCESTER--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iv. p. 525. Lind. Guide, 90. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 222.

Fruit, below medium size; roundish ovate. Skin, almost entirely covered with thin russet, except a spot on the shaded side, where it is green; and where exposed to the sun it is of a redish-brown. Flesh, white tinged with green, crisp, juicy, and highly flavored.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from December to February.

This variety was raised from a seed of the old Nonpareil, to which it bears a strong resemblance, by Dr. Fry of Gloucester, and received the name it now bears, from being sent to the Horticultural Society of London, by Thomas Hunt Esq., of Stratford-on-Avon, in 1820. Mr. Lindley gives Hunt’s Nonpariel as a synonyme of Duke of Gloucester; but it is a very distinct variety; it was, however, a seedling raised by Mr. Hunt from the Duke of Gloucester, and is a very first-rate variety.

185. HUNTHOUSE.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 347. Rog. Fr. Cult. 57.

Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches and a half high; conical, ribbed on the sides, and terminated at the apex, with rather prominent knobs. Skin, at first grass-green, but changing as it ripens to greenish-yellow; where exposed to the sun it is tinged with red, and marked with small crimson dots and a few short broken streaks of the same color; but where shaded it is veined with thin brown russet, particularly about the eye, and very thinly strewed with russety dots. Eye, large, half open, with broad flat segments, set in a narrow, and deeply furrowed basin. Stalk, an inch long, straight, inserted in a very shallow cavity, sometimes between two fleshy lips, but generally with a fleshy protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, tender, and with a brisk, but rather coarse and rough acid flavor.

A useful culinary apple; in use from December to March.

Its chief recommendation is, the immense productiveness of the tree, which is rather small, with pendulous shoots, and extremely hardy; it succeeds in exposed situations where many other varieties could not grow. Rogers says, “it is a tree of the third class in the orchard, and will answer well in exposed situations, trained as dwarfs or half-standards, it being equal in hardihood, and very fit to be planted along with the Grey Leadington.”

This variety was discovered at Whitby, in Yorkshire, where it is extensively cultivated.

186. HUTTON SQUARE.--H.

Fruit, large; roundish-ovate, and irregular in its outline, being much bossed on the sides, and knobbed about the eye and the stalk. Skin, smooth, dull greenish-yellow where shaded, and strewed with minute russety dots; but washed with dull red next the sun, and dotted with black dots. Eye, small and closed, placed in an angular and plaited basin. Stalk, short, deeply embedded in an angular cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, sweet, briskly and pleasantly flavored.

A valuable culinary apple of first-rate quality, and not unsuitable for the dessert, where a brisk and poignant flavored apple is preferred; it is in use from November to March.

This variety is extensively grown about Lancaster; and is said to have originated at the village of Hutton, in that vicinity.

The tree is an excellent bearer.

187. IRISH PEACH.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 527. Lind. Guide, 4. Down. Fr. Amer. 74.

SYNONYMES.--Early Crofton, _Hort. Trans._ vol. viii. p. 321. _Ron. Pyr. Mal._ 15.

FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 100. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. viii. f. 1.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches and a quarter high; roundish, somewhat flattened, and slightly angular. Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green, tinged with dull redish-brown, and thickly dotted with green dots on the shaded side; but fine lively red, mottled and speckled with yellow spots on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a rather deep, and knobbed basin, which is lined with thick tomentum. Stalk, short, thick, and fleshy, inserted in a pretty deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, and crisp, abounding in a rich, brisk, vinous, and aromatic juice, which, at this season, is particularly refreshing.

An early dessert apple of the finest quality. It is ripe during the first week in August, and lasts all through that month. It is a most beautiful, and certainly one of the most excellent summer apples, possessing all the rich flavor of some of the winter varieties, with the abundant and refreshing juice of the summer fruits. Like most of the summer apples it is in greatest perfection when eaten from the tree, which is hardy, vigorous, and an abundant bearer.

188. IRISH REINETTE.--H.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches and a half high; oblong, somewhat five-sided, with five ribs which extend from the base to the apex, where they run into the eye, forming five prominent ridges. Skin, yellowish-green, strewed with minute russety dots on the shaded side; but dull brownish-red, almost entirely covered with large patches of dull leaden colored russet, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, placed in a ribbed and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk, and poignant acid juice.

A valuable culinary apple; in use from November to February.

This variety is much cultivated about Lancaster, and in the county of Westmoreland, where it is highly esteemed.

189. ISLE OF WIGHT PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 360. Lind. Guide, 108. Rog. Fr. Cult, 82. Fors. Treat. 109.

SYNONYMES.--Isle of Wight Orange, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 484. Orange Pippin, _Pom. Heref._ t. 8. Pomme d’Orange, _Knoop Pom._ 47, t. viii. Engelse Oranje Appel, _Ibid._ 171.

FIGURES.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxii. f. 4. Pom. Heref. t. 8.

Fruit, small, two inches wide, by an inch and a half deep; globular. Eye, slightly sunk, with broad acute segments of the calyx. Stalk, very short. Skin, yellowish-golden grey, with a russety epidermis, highly colored with orange and red next the sun. Flesh, firm and juicy, with a rich and aromatic flavor.

A dessert apple of first-rate quality, and also valuable as a cider fruit; it is in use from September to January.

The specific gravity of its juice is 1074.

This is a very old variety, and is no doubt the “Orange Apple” of Ray and Worlidge. According to Mr. Knight, it is by some supposed to have been introduced from Normandy to the Isle of Wight, where it was first planted in the garden at Wrexall Cottage, near the Undercliff, where it was growing in 1817. There are several other varieties of apples known by the name of “Orange” and “Orange Pippin,” but they are all very inferior to this.

The tree does not attain a large size, but is hardy, healthy, and an excellent bearer. It succeeds well when grafted on the paradise stock, and grown as an open dwarf, or an espalier.

190. ISLEWORTH CRAB.--Hort.

SYNONYME.--Brentford Crab, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, p. 21.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by the same in height; conical. Skin, smooth, of a pale yellow color, with a deeper tinge where exposed to the sun, and covered with small redish-brown dots. Eye, small and open, with reflexed segments, set in a round and narrow basin. Stalk, slender, inserted in a deep, round, and even cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored.

A pretty good culinary apple of second-rate quality; in use during October; but scarcely worth cultivation.

191. JOANNETING.--H.

SYNONYMES.--Jennetting, _Coles’ Adam in Eden_, 257. Juniting, _Rea Pom._ 209. Jeniting, _Worl. Vin._ 161. Ginetting or Juneting, _Raii Hist._ ii. 1447, 1. Juneting, or Jenneting, _Switz. Fr. Gard._ 134. Genneting, _Lang. Pom._ t. lxxiv. f. 2. Juneting, _Fors. Treat._ 109. Early Jenneting, or June-eating, _Aber. Dict._ White Juneating, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 374. _Down. Fr. Amer._ 78. Juneating, _Lind. Guide_, 4. _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 27. Owen’s Golden Beauty, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 717. Primiting, _in Kent and Sussex_.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. i. f. 3.

Fruit, small; round, and a little flattened. Skin, smooth and shining, pale yellowish-green in the shade; but clear yellow, with sometimes a faint tinge of red or orange next the sun. Eye, small and closed, surrounded with a few small plaits, and set in a very shallow basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender, and inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with delicate russet. Flesh, white, crisp, brisk, and juicy, with a vinous and slightly perfumed flavor, but becoming meally and tasteless, if kept only a few days after being gathered.

This is the earliest apple of the year, the first of Pomona’s autumnal offerings; it is in greatest perfection when gathered off the tree, or immediately afterwards, as it very soon becomes dry and meally.

The tree does not attain a large size, but is hardy and healthy. It is not a great bearer, which may, in a great measure, account for it not being so generally cultivated, as its earliness would recommend it to be. If worked on the paradise stock it may be grown in pots, when the fruit will not only be produced earlier, but in greater abundance than on the crab, or free stock.

This is one of our oldest apples, and although generally known and popular, seems to have escaped the notice of Miller, who does not even mention it in any of the editions of his dictionary. As I have doubts of this being the Geneting of Parkinson--his figure being evidently intended for the Margaret, which in some districts is called Joanneting--the first mention we have of this variety is by Rea, in 1665, who describes it as “a small, yellow, red-sided apple, upon a wall, ripe in the end of June.”

The orthography which I have adopted in the nomenclature of this apple may, to some, at first sight, seem strange; but I am nevertheless persuaded it is the correct one. The different forms in which it has been written will be found in the synonymes given above, none of which afford any assistance as to the derivation or signification of the name. Abercrombie was the first who wrote it June-eating, as if in allusion to the period of its maturity, which is, however, not till the end of July. Dr. Johnson, in his Dictionary, writes it Gineting, and says it is a corruption of Janeton (_Fr._) signifying Jane or Janet, having been so called from a person of that name. Ray[K] says, “Pomum Ginettinum, quod unde dictum sit me latet.” Indeed there does not seem ever to have been a correct definition given of it.

In the middle ages, it was customary to make the festivals of the church, or saint’s days, periods on which occurrences were to take place, or from which events were dated. Even in the present day, we hear the country people talking of some crop to be sown, or some other to be planted at Michaelmas, St. Martin’s, or Saint Andrew’s-tide. It was also the practice, during the reign of Popery in this country, as is still the case in all Roman Catholic countries, for parents to dedicate their children to some particular saint, as Jean Baptiste, on the recurrence of whose festival, all who are so named keep it as a holiday. So it was also in regard to fruits, which were named after the day about which they came to maturity. Thus, we have the Margaret Apple, so called from being ripe about St. Margaret’s day--the 20th of July. The Magdalene, or Maudlin, from St. Magdalene’s day--the 22nd of July. And in Curtius[L] we find the _Joannina_, so called, “Quod circa divi Joannis Baptistæ nativitatem esui sint.” These are also noticed by J. B. Porta; he says, “Est genus alterum quod quia circa festum Divi Joannis maturiscit, vulgus _Melo de San Giovanni_ dicitur.” And according to Tragus,[M] “Quæ apud nos prima maturantur, Sanct Johans Öpffel, Latine, Præcocia mala dicuntur.”

We see, therefore, that they were called Joannina, because they ripened about St. John’s Day. We have also among the old French pears Amiré Joannet--the Admired, or Wonderful Little John, which Merlet informs us was so called, because it ripened about St. John’s Day. If then we add to Joannet the termination _ing_, so general among our names of apples, we have _Joanneting_. There can be no doubt that this is the correct derivation, and signification of the name of this apple, and although the orthography may for a time appear singular, it will in the course of usage become as familiar as the other forms in which it as been written.

[K] Hist. Plant. ii. 1447.

[L] Hortorum, p. 522.

[M] Hist. p. 1043.

192. KEEPING RED-STREAK.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 627.

Fruit, medium sized; roundish, flattened, angular on the sides. Skin, green at first, changing to greenish-yellow, and striped with red on the shaded side; but entirely covered with dark red on the side next the sun, marked with russet, and numerous grey dots. Eye, open, set in a shallow and undulating basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, brisk, and pleasantly flavored.

A culinary apple; in use from December to April.

193. KEEPING RUSSET.--H.

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and five eighths wide, and two inches and a quarter high; roundish. Skin, entirely covered with thin, pale yellowish-brown russet, like the Golden Russet, and occasionally with a bright, varnished, fiery-red cheek on the side next the sun, which is sometimes more distinct than at others. Eye, open, set in a round and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, juicy, and sugary, with a particularly rich, mellow flavor, equal to, and even surpassing that of the Ribston Pippin.

A delicious dessert apple, of first-rate quality: in use from October to January, and, under favorable circumstances, will even keep till March.

This is an apple which is very little known, and does not seem at all to be in general cultivation. I obtained it from the private garden of the late Mr. James Lee, at Hammersmith. It certainly deserves greater publicity.

194. KENTISH FILL-BASKET.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 377. Down. Fr. Amer. 114.

SYNONYMES.--Lady de Grey’s, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1. 532. Kentish Pippin, _of same_.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. ix. f. 1.

Fruit, very large, four inches wide, and three inches and a quarter high; roundish, irregular, and slightly ribbed. Skin, smooth, yellowish-green in the shade, and pale yellow with a redish-brown blush, which is streaked with deeper red, on the side next the sun. Eye, large, set in a wide and irregular basin. Flesh, tender and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant flavor.

This is an excellent culinary apple, of first-rate quality, in use from November to January.

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attaining a large size, and is an abundant bearer.

This is not the Kentish Fill-basket of Miller and Forsyth, nor yet of Rogers; the variety described under this name by these writers being evidently the Kentish Codlin.

195. KENTISH PIPPIN.--Ray.

IDENTIFICATION.--Raii. Hist. ii. 1448. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 378. Lind. Guide, 73. Rog. Fr. Cult. 92.

SYNONYMES.--Red Kentish Pippin, _Diel Kernobst._ viii. 121. Rother Kentischer Pepping, _Ibid._ Vaun’s Pippin, _acc. Riv. Cat._

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two inches and a half high; conical and slightly angular. Skin, pale yellow, with brownish-red next the sun, studded with specks, which are greenish on the shaded side, but yellowish next the sun. Eye, small, and partially open, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short and fleshy, almost imbedded in a deep and wide cavity, which is smooth or rarely marked with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, delicate, very juicy, with a sweet, and briskly acid flavor.

A culinary apple of first-rate quality; in use from October to January.

The tree attains a pretty good size, is hardy, vigorous, and a good bearer.

This is a very old and favorite apple, first mentioned by Ray, and enumerated in the list of Leonard Meager, as one of the varieties then cultivated in the London nurseries, in 1670. Mortimer made a sad lamentation on the fancied degeneration of the Kentish Pippin, which I have quoted in treating of the Golden Pippin.

196. KERRY PIPPIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. iii. p. 454. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 380. Lind. Guide, 19. Down. Fr. Amer. 88. Rog. Fr. Cult. 79.

SYNONYME.--Edmonton’s Aromatic Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._

FIGURES.--Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 20. Pom. Mag. t. 107. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. iv. f. 3.

Fruit, below medium size; oval, sometimes roundish-oval. Skin, smooth and shining, greenish-yellow at first, but changing as it ripens to a fine clear pale yellow color, tinged and streaked with red, on the side next the sun; but sometimes when fully exposed, one half of the surface is covered with bright shining crimson, streaked with deeper crimson; it is marked on the shaded side with some traces of delicate russet. Eye, small and closed, with broad, erect, and acuminate segments, set in a shallow basin, which is generally surrounded with five prominent plaits. Stalk, slender, three quarters of an inch long, obliquely inserted in a small cavity, by the side of a fleshy protuberance. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a rich, sugary, brisk, and aromatic flavor.

An early dessert apple of the highest excellence; It is in use during September and October.

The tree is a free grower, hardy, and a good bearer, attaining about the middle size. It is well adapted for grafting on the paradise stock, and being grown either as a dwarf, or espalier.

This variety was introduced chiefly through the instrumentality of Mr. Robertson, the nurseryman of Kilkenny, in Ireland.

197. KESWICK CODLIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 158. Lind. Guide. 31. Down. Fr. Amer. 87. Rog. Fr. Cult. 65.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. iii. f. 3.

Fruit, large; conical and angular. Skin, pale yellow, with a blush on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, pale yellow, very juicy, and briskly flavored.

One of the earliest, and most valuable of our culinary apples. It may be used for tarts so early as the end of June; but its greatest perfection is during August and September.

The tree is healthy, vigorous, and an immense bearer, attaining to the middle size. It succeeds well in almost every soil and situation, and when grown on the paradise stock, is well suited for espalier training.

This excellent apple was first discovered, growing among a quantity of rubbish, behind a wall at Gleaston Castle, near Ulverstone, and was first brought into notice by one John Sander, a nurseryman at Keswick, who having propagated it, sent it out under the name of Keswick Codlin.

In the Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, Sir John Sinclair says, “the Keswick Codlin tree has never failed to bear a crop since it was planted in the Episcopal garden at Rose Castle, Carlisle, twenty years ago (1813). It is an apple of fine tartness and flavor, and may be used early in autumn. The tree is a very copious bearer, and the fruit is of good size, considerably larger than the Carlisle Codlin. It flourishes best in a strong soil.”

198. KILKENNY PEARMAIN.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 547.

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and the same in height; roundish, inclining to conical. Skin, yellow, sprinkled with russety dots, and sometimes covered with slight reticulations of russet; tinged with orange, and a few streaks of red, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small, and rather open, set in a narrow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity, and surrounded with a large patch of russet. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, and sweet; but of dry texture, and lacking acidity.

A dessert apple of no great merit; in use from October to Christmas.

199. KING OF THE PIPPINS.--H.

Fruit, medium sized; ovate or conical, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, greenish yellow, with a blush of red next the sun, and marked with a little rough brown russet. Eye, large, and partially open, with long and broad segments, which are connivent, but reflexed at the tips, set in a shallow and undulating basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, just extending beyond the base. Flesh, white with a yellowish tinge, firm, crisp, very juicy and sugary, with a rich vinous flavor.

This is one of the richest flavored early dessert apples, and unequalled by any other variety of the same season; it is ripe in the end of August, and beginning of September.

This is the original, and true King of the Pippins, and a very different apple from that generally known by the same name. _See_ Golden Winter Pearmain. I suspect this is the _King Apple_ of Rea.

200. KINGSTON BLACK.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3.

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and one and three quarters high; roundish. Skin, pale yellow, striped with red on the shaded side; and very dark red, striped with dark purple, or almost black stripes, on the side next the sun; thickly strewed all over with light-grey russety dots, and with a large patch of russet over the base. Eye, open, with broad reflexed segments, and set in a deep basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, white, stained with red under the skin, on the side next the sun, tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored.

This is a beautiful little apple, extensively grown in Somersetshire, where in the present day it is considered the most valuable cider apple. It keeps till Christmas.

201. KIRKE’S LORD NELSON.--Hort.

IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 414.

FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xiv.

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and three quarters high; roundish, and narrowing a little towards the apex. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, streaked all over with red. Eye, open, with short reflexed segments, and set in a plaited basin. Stalk, short and slender. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, juicy and aromatic, but wants acidity.

An inferior variety, neither a good dessert apple, nor at all suitable for culinary purposes; It is in use from November to February.

202. KNOBBED RUSSET.--H.

SYNONYMES.--Knobby Russet, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 3, n. 741. _Hort. Trans._ vol. iv. p. 219. _Lind. Guide_, 90. Winter Apple, _Hort. Soc. Cat._ ed. 1, 1167. Old Maid’s, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._

Fruit, medium sized; roundish-oval, and very uneven on its surface; being covered with numerous knobs, or large warts, some of which are the size of peas. Skin, greenish-yellow, and covered with thick scaly russet. Eye, set in a deep basin. Stalk, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, sweet, and highly flavored; but not very juicy.

A singular looking dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is in use from December to March.

This variety was introduced to the notice of the London Horticultural Society in 1819, by Mr. Haslar Capron, of Midhurst, in Sussex.

203. LADY’S DELIGHT.--H.