Chapter IX: Book I: The poem opens in the island of Calypso, with a complaint (2)

_Orleans_ (_Gaston, duke of_), brother of Louis XIII. He heads a conspiracy to assassinate Richelieu and dethrone the king. If the plot had been successful, Gaston was to have been made regent; but the conspiracy was discovered, and the duke was thwarted in his ambitious plans.--Lord Lytton, _Richelieu_ (1839).

_Orleans_ (_Louis, duc d’_), to whom the Princess Joan (daughter of Louis XI.) is affianced.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Orlick= (_Dolge_), usually called “Old Orlick,” though not above five and twenty, journeyman to Joe Gargery, blacksmith. Obstinate, morose, broad-shouldered, loose-limbed, swarthy, of great strength, never in a hurry, and always slouching. Being jealous of Pip, he allured him to a hut in the marshes, bound him to a ladder, and was about to kill him, when, being alarmed by approaching steps, he fled. Subsequently, he broke into Mr. Pumblechook’s house, was arrested, and confined in the county jail. This surly, ill-conditioned brute was in love with Biddy, but Biddy married Joe Gargery.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).

=Orloff Diamond= (_The_), the third largest cut diamond in the world, set in the top of the Russian sceptre. The weight of this magnificent diamond is 194 carats, and its size is that of a pigeon’s egg. It was once one of the eyes of the idol Sheringham, in the temple of Brahma; came into the hands of the Shah Nadir; was stolen by a French grenadier and sold to an English sea-captain for £2000; the captain sold it to a Jew for £12,000; it next passed into the hands of Shafras; and in 1775, Catherine II. of Russia gave for it £90,000. (See DIAMONDS.)

=Or´mandine= (3 _syl._), the necromancer who threw St. David into an enchanted sleep for seven years, from which he was reclaimed by St. George.--R. Johnson, _The Seven Champions of Christendom_, i. 9 (1617).

=Orme= (_Victor_), a poor gentleman in love with Elsie.--Wybert Reeve, _Parted_.

=Ormond= (_The duke of_), a privy councillor of Charles II.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

=Ormston= (_Jock_), a sheriff’s officer at Fairport.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Ornithol´ogy= (_The Father of_), George Edwards (1693-1773).

=Oroma´zes= (4 _syl._), the principle of good in Persian mythology. Same as Yezad (_q.v._).

=Oroonda´tes= (5 _syl._), only son of a Scythian king, whose love for Statīra (widow of Alexander the Great) led him into numerous dangers and difficulties, which, however, he surmounted.--La Calprenède, _Cassandra_ (a romance).

=Oroono´ko= (_Prince_), son and heir of the king of Angola, and general of the forces. He was decoyed by Captain Driver aboard his ship; his suite of twenty men were made drunk with rum; the ship weighed anchor; and the prince, with all his men, were sold as slaves in one of the West Indian Islands. Here Oroonoko met Imoin´da (3 _syl._), his wife, from whom he had been separated, and whom he thought was dead. He headed a rising of the slaves, and the lieutenant-governor tried to seduce Imoinda. The result was that Imoinda killed herself, and Oroonoko (3 _syl._) slew first the lieutenant-governor and then himself. Mrs. Aphra Behn became acquainted with the prince at Surinam, and made the story of his life the basis of a novel, which Thomas Southern dramatized (1696).

=Orozem´bo=, a brave and dauntless old Peruvian. When captured and brought before the Spanish invaders, Orozembo openly defied them, and refused to give any answer to their questions (act i. 1).--Sheridan, _Pizarro_ (altered from Kotzebue, 1799).

=Orpas=, once archbishop at Sev´ille. At the overthrow of the Gothic kingdom in Spain, Orpas joined the Moors and turned Moslem. Of all the renegades “the foulest and the falsest wretch was he that e’er renounced his baptism.” He wished to marry Florinda, daughter of Count Julian, in order to secure “her wide domains;” but Florinda loathed him. In the Moorish council Orpas advised Abulcacem to cut off Count Julian, “whose power but served him for fresh treachery; false to Roderick first, and to the caliph now.” This advice was acted on; but, as the villain left the tent, Abulcacem muttered to himself, “Look for a like reward thyself; that restless head of wickedness in the grave will brood no treason.”--Southey, _Roderick, etc._, xx., xxii. (1814).

=Orphan of China=, a drama by Murphy. Zaphimri, the sole survivor of the royal race of China, was committed in infancy to Zamti, the mandarin, that he might escape from the hand of Ti´murkan´, the Tartar conqueror. Zamti brought up Zaphimri as his son, and sent Hamet, his real son, to Corea, where he was placed under the charge of Morat. Twenty years afterwards, Hamet led a band of insurgents against Timurkan, was seized, and ordered to be put to death under the notion that he was “the orphan of China.” Zaphimri, hearing thereof, went to the Tartar and declared that he, not Hamet, was the real prince; whereupon Timurkan ordered Zamti and his wife, Mandānê, with Hamet and Zaphimri, to be seized. Zamti and Mandanê were ordered to the torture, to wring from them the truth. In the interim, a party of insurgent Chinese rushed into the palace, killed the king, and established “the orphan of China” on the throne of his fathers (1759).

=Orphan of the Frozen Sea=, Martha, the daughter of Ralph de Lascours (captain of the _Uran´ia_) and his wife, Louise. The crew having rebelled, the three, with their servant, Bar´abas, were cast adrift in a boat, which ran on an iceberg in the Frozen Sea. Ralph thought it was a small island, but the iceberg broke up, both Ralph and his wife were drowned, but Barabas and Martha escaped. Martha was taken by an Indian tribe, which brought her up and named her Orgari´ta (“withered wheat”), from her white complexion. In Mexico she met with her sister, Diana, and her grandmother, Mde. de Theringe (2 _syl._), and probably married Horace de Brienne.--E. Stirling, _Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856).

=Orphan of the Temple=, Marie Thérèse Charlotte, duchess d’Angoulême, daughter of Louis XVI.; so called from the Temple, where she was imprisoned. She was called “The Modern Antig´onê” by her uncle, Louis XVIII.

=Orphant Annie.= A bound girl, who is credited by _l’enfant terrible_ of the household with the goblin-lore he lavishes upon a visitor, this being the moral:

“You better mind yer parents and yer teachers fond and dear,
An’ churish ’em ’at loves you an’ dry the orphant’s tear,
An’ he’p the poor an’ needy ones ’at clusters all about,
Er the gobble-uns ’ll git you
Ef you
Don’t
Watch
Out!”

James Whitcomb Riley, _The Boss Girl and Other Sketches_ (1886).

=Orpheus.= (For a parallel fable, see WAINAMOINEN.)

=Orpheus and Eurydice= (4 _syl._), Glück’s best opera (_Orfeo_). Libretto by Calzabigi, who also wrote for Glück the libretto of _Alceste_ (1767). King produced an English version of _Orpheus and Eurydice_.

⁂ The tale is introduced by Pope in his _St. Cecilia’s Ode_.

Of Orpheus now no more let poets tell,
To bright Cecilia greater power is given;
His numbers raised a shade from hell,
Hers lift the soul to heaven.

Pope, _St. Cecilia’s Day_ (1709).

=Orpheus of Highwaymen=, John Gay, author of _The Beggar’s Opera_ (1688-1732).

=Orpheus of the Green Isle= (_The_), Furlough[TN-50] O’Carolan, poet and musician (1670-1738).

=Or´raca= (_Queen_), wife of Affonso II. The legend says that five friars of Morocco, went to her, and said, “Three things we prophesy to you: (1) we five shall all suffer martyrdom; (2) our bodies will be brought to Coimbra; and (3) which ever see our relics the first, you or the king, will die the same day.” When their bodies were brought to Coimba,[TN-51] the king told Queen Orraca she must join the procession with him. She pleaded illness, but Affonso replied the relics would cure her; so they started on their journey. As they were going, the queen told the king to speed on before, as she could not travel so fast; so he speeded on with his retinue, and started a boar on the road. “Follow him!” cried the king, and they went after the boar and killed it. In the mean time, the queen reached the procession, fully expecting her husband had joined it long ago; but lo! she beheld him riding up with great speed. That night the king was aroused at midnight with the intelligence that the queen was dead.--Southey, _Queen Orraca_ (1838); Francisco Manoel da Esperança, _Historia Sarafica_ (eightteenth[TN-52] century).

=Orrock= (_Puggie_), a sheriff’s officer at Fairport.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).

=Orsin=, one of the leaders of the rabble rout that attacked Hudibras at the bear-baiting.--S. Butler, _Hudibras_ (1663).

=Orsi´ni= (_Maffio_), a young Italian nobleman, whose life was saved by Genna´ro at the battle of Rim´ini. Orsini became the fast friend of Gennaro, but both were poisoned by the Princess Neg´roni at a banquet.--Donizetti, _Lucrezia di Borgia_ (opera, 1834).

=Orsi´no=, duke of Illyria, who sought the love of Olivia, a rich countess; but Olivia gave no encouragement to his suit, and the duke moped and pined, leaving manly sports for music and other effeminate employments. Viola entered the duke’s service as a page, and soon became a great favorite. When Olivia married Sebastian (Viola’s brother), and the sex of Viola became known, the duke married her, and made her duchess of Illyria.--Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_ (1614).

=Orson=, twin brother of Valentine, and son of Bellisant. The twin-brothers were born in a wood near Orleans, and Orson was carried off by a bear, which suckled him with its cubs. When he grew up he became the terror of France, and was called “The Wild Man of the Forest.” Ultimately, he was reclaimed by his brother Valentine, overthrew the Green Knight, and married Fezon, daughter of the duke of Savary, in Aquitane.--_Valentine and Orson_ (fifteenth century).

=Orson and Ellen.= Young Orson was a comely young farmer from Taunton, stout as an oak, and very fond of the lasses, but he hated matrimony, and used to say, “the man who can buy milk is a fool to keep a cow.” While still a lad, Orson made love to Ellen, a rustic maiden; but, in the fickleness of youth, forsook her for a richer lass, and Ellen left the village, wandered far away, and became waiting maid to old Boniface, the innkeeper. One day Orson happened to stop at this very inn, and Ellen waited on him. Five years had passed since they had seen each other, and at first neither knew the other. When, however, the facts were known, Orson made Ellen his wife, and their marriage feast was given by Boniface himself.--Peter Pindar [Dr. Wolcot], _Orson and Ellen_ (1809).

=Ortel´lius= (_Abraham_), a Dutch geographer, who published in 1570, his _Theatrum Orbis Terræ_, or _Universal Geography_ (1527-1598).

I more could tell to prove the place our own,
Than by his spacious maps are by Ortellius shown.

Drayton, _Polyolbion_, vi. (1612).

=Ortheris=, cockney companion of Mulvaney. He suffers violently from homesickness in India.--Rudyard Kipling, _Soldiers Three_.

=Orthodoxy.= When Lord Sandwich said, “he did not know the difference between orthodoxy and heterodoxy,” Warburton, bishop of Gloucester, replied, “Orthodoxy, my lord, is _my_ doxy, and heterodoxy is _another man’s_ doxy.”

_Orthodoxy_ (_The Father of_), Athanasius (296-373).

=Orthrus=, the two-headed dog of Euryt´ion, the herdsman of Geryon´eo. It was the progeny of Typha´on and Echidna.

With his two-headed dogge that Orthrus hight,
Orthrus begotten by great Typhaon
And foule Echidna in the house of Night.

Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v., 10 (1596).

=Ortwine= (2 _syl._), knight of Metz, sister’s son of Sir Hagan of Trony, a Burgundian.--_The Nibelungen Lied_ (eleventh century).

=Or´ville= (_Lord_), the amiable and devoted lover of Evelina, whom he ultimately marries.--Miss Burney, _Evelina_ (1778).

=Osbaldistone= (_Mr._), a London merchant.

_Frank Osbaldistone_, his son, in love with Diana Vernon, whom he marries.

_Sir Hildebrand Osbaldistone_, of Osbaldistone Hall, uncle of Frank, his heir.

_His Sons_ were: Percival, “the sot;” Thorncliffe, “the bully;” John, “the gamekeeper;” Richard, “the horse-jockey:”[TN-53] Wilfred, “the fool;” and Rashleigh, “the scholar,” a perfidious villain killed by Rob Roy.--Sir W. Scott, Rob Roy (time, George I.).

_Rob Roy Macgregor_ was dramatized by Pocock.

=Osborne= (_Mr._), a hard, money-loving, purse-proud, wealthy London merchant, whose only gospel was that “according to Mammon.” He was a widower, and his heart of hearts was to see his son, Captain George, marry a rich mulatto. While his neighbor, Sedley, was prosperous, old Sedley encouraged the love-making of George and Miss Sedley; but when old Sedley failed, and George dared to marry the bankrupt’s daughter, to whom he was engaged, the old merchant disinherited him. Captain George fell on the field of Waterloo, but the heart of old Osborne would not relent, and he allowed the widow to starve in abject poverty. He adopted, however, the widow’s son George, and brought him up in absurd luxury and indulgence. A more detestable cad than old Sedley cannot be imagined.

_Maria_ and _Jane Osborne_, daughters of the merchant, and of the same mould. Maria married Frederick Bullock, a banker’s son.

_Captain George Osborne_, son of the merchant; selfish, vain, extravagant, and self-indulgent. He was engaged to Amelia Sedley, while her father was in prosperity, and Captain Dobbin induced him to marry her after the father was made a bankrupt. Happily, George fell on the field of Waterloo, or one would never vouch for his conjugal fidelity.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848).

=Oscar=, son of Ossian and grandson of Fingal. He was engaged to Malvi´na, daughter of Toscar, but before the day of marriage arrived, he was slain in Ulster, fighting against Cairbar, who had treacherously invited him to a banquet and then slew him, A.D. 296. Oscar is represented as most brave, warm-hearted, and impetuous, most submissive to his father, tender to Malvina, and a universal favorite.

_Oscar Roused from Sleep._ “Caolt took up a huge stone and hurled it on the hero’s head. The hill for three miles round shook with the reverberation of the blow, and the stone, rebounding, rolled out of sight. Whereupon Oscar awoke, and told Caolt to reserve his blows for his enemies.”

Gun thog Caoilte a chlach nach gàn,
Agus a n’ aighai’ chiean gun bhuail;
Tri mil an tulloch gun chri.

_Gaelic Romances._

=Oscar Dubourg.= Amiable, affectionate young fellow, betrothed to blind Lucilla Finch. To cure the epilepsy attendant upon an injury to his head, he takes nitrate of silver, concealing the discoloration of his complexion caused by the drug from the knowledge of his betrothed, who has a nervous horror of ugliness and deformity. When she regains her sight, he leaves her because he dares not disclose the truth that she has mistaken his brother for himself, and does not enter her presence until her sight again leaves her.--Wilkie Collins, _Poor Miss Finch_.

=Os´ewald= (3 _syl._), the reeve, of “the carpenteres craft,” an old man.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (1388).

=Oseway= (_Dame_), the ewe, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).

=O’Shanter= (_Tam_), a farmer, who, returning home from Ayr very late and well-soaked with liquor, had to pass the kirk of Alloway. Seeing it was illuminated, he peeped in, and saw there the witches and devils dancing, while old Clootie was blowing the bagpipes. Tam got so excited that he roared out to one of the dancers, “Weel done, Cutty Sark!” In a moment all was dark. Tam now spurred his “grey mare Meg” to the top of her speed, while all the fiends chased after him. The river Doon was near, and Tam just reached the middle of the bridge when one of the witches, whom he called Cutty Sark, reached him; but it was too late--he had passed the _middle_ of the stream, and was out of the power of the crew. Not so his mare’s tail--that had not yet passed the magic line, and Cutty Sark, clinging thereto, dragged it off with an infernal wrench.--R. Burns, _Tam O’Shanter_.

=Osi´ris=, judge of the dead, brother and husband of Isis. Osiris is identical with Adonis and Thammuz. All three represent the sun, six months above the equator, and six months below it. Adonis passed six months with Aphrodītê in heaven, and six months with Persephŏnê in hell. So Osiris in heaven was the beloved of Isis, but in the land of darkness was embraced by Nepthys.

_Osiris_, the sun; Isis, the moon.

They [_the priests_] wore rich mitres shaped like the moon,
To show that Isis doth the moon portend,
Like as Osiris signifies the sun.

Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 7 (1596).

=Osman=, sultan of the East, the great conqueror of the Christians, a man of most magnanimous mind and of noble generosity. He loved Zara, a young Christian captive, and was by her beloved with equal ardor and sincerity. Zara was the daughter of Lusignan d’Outremer, a Christian king of Jerusalem; she was taken prisoner by Osman’s father, with her elder brother, Nerestan, then four years old. After twenty years’ captivity, Nerestan was sent to France for ransom, and on his return presented himself before the sultan, who fancied he perceived a sort of intimacy between the young man and Zara, which excited his suspicion and jealousy. A letter, begging that Zara would meet him in a “secret passage” of the seraglio, fell into the sultan’s hands, and confirmed his suspicions. Zara went to the rendezvous, where Osman met her and stabbed her to the heart. Nerestan was soon brought before him, and told him he had murdered his sister, and all he wanted of her was to tell her of the death of her father, and to bring her his dying benediction. Stung with remorse, Osman liberated all his Christian captives, and then stabbed himself.--Aaron Hill, _Zara_ (1735).

⁂ This tragedy is an English adaptation of Voltaire’s _Zaïre_ (1733).

=Osmand=, a necromancer, who, by enchantment, raised up an army to resist the Christians. Six of the champions were enchanted by Osmand, but St. George restored them. Osmand tore off his hair, in which lay his spirit of enchantment, bit his tongue in two, disembowelled himself, cut off his arms, and died.--R. Johnson, _Seven Champions of Christendom_, i. 19 (1617).

=Osmond=, an old Varangian guard.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

_Osmond_ (_Gilbert_), the incarnation of polished selfishness. He deserts one woman, who has sacrificed everything for him, and marries Isabel Archer for her money; eyes his only child as he might a pretty puppet, and sends her back to her convent upon finding that she will not increase his social consequence by marrying an English nobleman.--Henry James, Jr., _Portrait of a Lady_ (1881).

=Osmyn=, _alias_ ALPHONSO, son of Anselmo, king of Valentia, and husband of Alme´ria, daughter of Manuel, king of Grana´da. Supposed to have been lost at sea, but in reality cast on the African coast, and tended by Queen Zara, who falls in love with him. Both are taken captive by Manuel, and brought to Granada. Here Manuel falls in love with Zara, but Zara retains her passionate love for Alphonso. Alphonso makes his escape, returns at the head of an army to Granada, finds both the king and Zara dead, but Almeria, being still alive, becomes his acknowledged bride.--W. Congreve, _The Mourning Bride_ (1697).

=Osric=, a court fop, contemptible for his affectation and finical dandyism. He is made umpire by King Claudius, when Laertês and Hamlet “play” with rapiers in “friendly” combat.--Shakespeare, _Hamlet_ (1596).

=Osse´o=, son of the Evening Star, whose wife was O´weenee. In the Northland there were once ten sisters of surpassing beauty; nine married beautiful young husbands, but the youngest, named Oweenee, fixed her affections on Osseo, who was “old, poor and ugly,” but “most beautiful within.” All being invited to a feast, the nine set upon their youngest sister, taunting her for having married Osseo; but forthwith Osseo leaped into a fallen oak, and was transformed into a most handsome young man, his wife to a very old woman, “wrinkled and ugly,” but his love changed not. Soon another change occurred; Oweenee resumed her former beauty, and all the sisters and their husbands were changed to birds, who were kept in cages about Osseo’s wigwam. In due time a son was born, and one day he shot an arrow at one of the caged birds, and forthwith the nine, with their husbands, were changed to pygmies.

From the story of Osseo
Let [_us_] learn the fate of jesters.

Longfellow, _Hiawatha_, xii. (1855).

=Ossian=, the warrior-bard. He was son of Fingal (king of Morven) and his first wife, Ros-crana (daughter of Cormac, king of Ireland).

His wife was Evir-Allen, daughter of Branno (a native of Ireland); and his son was Oscar.

=Oswald=, steward to Goneril, daughter of King Lear.--Shakespeare, _King Lear_ (1605).

_Oswald_, the cup-bearer to Cedric, the Saxon, of Rotherwood.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

_Oswald_ (_Prince_), being jealous of Gondibert, his rival for the love of Rhodalind (the heiress of Aribert, king of Lombardy), headed a faction against him. A battle was imminent, but it was determined to decide the quarrel by four combatants on each side. In this combat Oswald was slain by Grondibert.[TN-54]--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_, i. (died 1668).

=Othel´lo=, the Moor, commander of the Venetian army. Iago was his ensign or ancient. Desdemona, the daughter of Brabantio, the senator, fell in love with the Moor, and he married her; but Iago, by his artful villainy, insinuated to him such a tissue of circumstantial evidence of Desdemona’s love for Cassio, that Othello’s jealousy being aroused, he smothered her with a pillow, and then killed himself.--Shakespeare, _Othello_ (1611).

⁂ The story of this tragedy is taken from the novelletti of Giovanni Giraldi Cinthio (died 1573).

Addison says of Thomas Betterton (1635-1710): “The wonderful agony which he appeared in when he examined the circumstance of the handkerchief in the part of ‘Othello,’ and the mixture of love that intruded on his mind at the innocent answers of ‘Desdemona,’ ... were the perfection of acting.” Donaldson, in his _Recollections_, says that Spranger Barry (1719-1777) was the beau-ideal of an “Othello;” and C. Leslie, in his _Autobiography_, says the same of Edmund Kean (1787-1833).

=Otho=, the lord at whose board Count Lara was recognized by Sir Ezzelin. A duel was arranged for the next day, and the contending parties were to meet in Lord Otho’s hall. When the time of meeting arrived, Lara presented himself, but no Sir Ezzelin put in his appearance; whereupon Otho, vouching for the knight’s honor, fought with the count, and was wounded. On recovering from his wound, Lord Otho became the inveterate enemy of Lara, and accused him openly of having made away with Sir Ezzelin. Lara made himself very popular, and headed a rebellion; but Lord Otho opposed the rebels, and shot him.--Byron, _Lara_ (1814).

=Otnit=, a legendary emperor of Lombardy, who gains the daughter of the soldan for wife, by the help of Elberich, the dwarf.--_The Heldenbuch_ (twelfth century).

=Otranto= (_Tancred, prince of_), a crusader.

_Ernest of Otranto_, page of the prince of Otranto.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

_Otranto_ (_The Castle of_), a romance by Horace Walpole (1769).

=O’Trigger= (_Sir Lucius_), a fortune-hunting Irishman, ready to fight every one, on any matter, at any time.--Sheridan, _The Rivals_ (1775).

=Otta´vio= (_Don_), the lover of Donna Anna, whom he was about to make his wife, when Don Giovanni seduced her and killed her father (the commandant of the city) in a duel.--Mozart, _Don Giovanni_ (opera, 1787).

=Otto=, duke of Normandy, the victim of Rollo, called “The Bloody Brother.”--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Bloody Brother_ (1639).

=Ot´uel= (_Sir_), a haughty and presumptuous Saracen, miraculously converted. He was a nephew of Ferragus or Ferracute, and married a daughter of Charlemagne.

=Ouida=, an infantile corruption of Louisa. The full name is Louise de la Ramée, authoress of _Under Two Flags_ (1867), and many other novels.

=Outalissi=, eagle of the Indian tribe of Onei´da, the death-enemies of the Hurons. When the Hurons attacked the fort under the command of Waldegrave (2 _syl._), a general massacre was made, in which Waldegrave and his wife was[TN-55] slain. But Mrs. Waldegrave, before she died, committed her boy, Henry, to the charge of Outalissi, and told him to place the child in the hands of Albert of Wy´oming, her friend. This Outalissi did. After a lapse of fifteen years, one Brandt, at the head of a mixed army of British and Indians, attacked Oneida, and a general massacre was made; but Outalissi, wounded, escaped to Wyoming, just in time to give warning of the approach of Brandt. Scarcely was this done, when Brandt arrived. Albert and his daughter, Gertrude, were both shot, and the whole settlement was extirpated.--Campbell, _Gertrude of Wyoming_ (1809).

=Outis= (Greek for “nobody”), a name assumed by Odysseus (_Ulysses_) in the cave of Polypheme (3 _syl._). When the monster roared with pain from the loss of his eye, his brother giants demanded who was hurting him. “Outis” (_Nobody_), thundered out Polypheme, and his companions left him.--Homer, _Odyssey_.

=Outram= (_Lance_), park-keeper to Sir Geoffrey Peveril.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).

=Overdees= (_Rowley_), a highwayman.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).

=O´verdo= (_Justice_), in Ben Jonson’s _Bartholomew Fair_ (1614).

=Overdone= (_Mistress_), a bawd.--Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_ (1603).

=Overreach= (_Sir Giles_), Wellborn’s uncle. An unscrupulous, hard-hearted rascal, grasping and proud. He ruined the estates both of Wellborn and Allworth, and by overreaching grew enormously rich. His ambition was to see his daughter Margaret marry a peer; but the overreacher was overreached. Thinking Wellborn was about to marry the rich dowager Allworth, he not only paid all his debts, but supplied his present wants most liberally, under the delusion “if she prove his, all that is her’s is mine.” Having thus done, he finds that Lady Allworth does not marry Wellborn, but Lord Lovell. In regard to Margaret, fancying she was sure to marry Lord Lovell, he gives his full consent to her marriage; but finds she returns from church not Lady Lovell, but Mrs. Allworth.--Massinger, _A New Way to Pay Old Debts_ (1628).

⁂ The prototype of “Sir Giles Overreach” was Sir Giles Mompesson, a usurer outlawed for his misdeeds.

=Overs= (_John_), a ferryman who used to ferry passengers from Southwark to the City, and accumulated a considerable hoard of money by his savings. On one occasion, to save the expenses of board, he simulated death, expecting his servants would fast till he was buried; but they broke into his larder and cellar and held riot. When the old miser could bear it no longer he started up and belabored his servants right and left; but one of them struck the old man with an oar and killed him.

_Mary Overs_, the beautiful daughter of the ferryman. Her lover, hastening to town, was thrown from his horse, and died. She then became a nun, and founded the church of St. Mary Overs on the site of her father’s house.

=Overton= (_Colonel_), one of Cromwell’s officers.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

=Ovid= (_The French_), Du Bellay; also called “The Father of Grace and Elegance” (1524-1560).

=Ovid and Corinna.= Ovid disguises, under the name of Corinna, the daughter of Augustus, named Julia, noted for her beauty, talent and licentiousness. Some say that Corinna was Livia, the wife of Augustus.--_Amor._, i. 5.

So was her heavenly body comely raised
On two faire columnes; those that Ovid praised
In Julia’s borrowed name.

=O´wain= (_Sir_), the Irish knight of King Stephen’s court, who passed through St. Patrick’s purgatory by way of penance.--Henry of Saltrey, _The Descent of Owain_ (1153).

=O´weenee=, the youngest of ten sisters, all of surpassing beauty. She married Osseo, who was “old, poor, and ugly,” but “most beautiful within.” (See OSSEO.)--Longfellow, _Hiawatha_, xii. (1855).

=Owen= (_Sam_), groom of Darsie Latimer, _i.e._ Sir Arthur Darsie Redgauntlet.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

_Owen_, confidential clerk of Mr. Osbaldistone, senior.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

_Owen_ (_Sir_), passed in dream through St. Patrick’s purgatory. He passed the convent gate, and the warden placed him in a coffin. When the priests had sung over him the service of the dead, they placed the coffin in a cave, and Sir Owen made his descent. He came first to an ice desert, and received three warnings to retreat, but the warnings were not heeded, and a mountain of ice fell on him. “Lord, Thou canst save!” he cried, as the ice fell, and the solid mountain became like dust, and did Sir Owen no harm. He next came to a lake of fire, and a demon pushed him in. “Lord, Thou canst save!” he cried, and angels carried him to paradise. He woke with ecstacy, and found himself lying before the cavern’s mouth.--R. Southey, _St. Patrick’s Purgatory_ (from the _Fabliaux_ of M. le Grand.[TN-56]

=Owen Meredith=, Robert Bulwer Lytton, afterwards Lord Lytton, son of the poet and novelist (1831-1892).

=Owl= (_The_), sacred to Minerva, was the emblem of Athens.

Owls hoot in B♭ and G♭, or in F♯ and A♭.--Rev. G. White, _Natural
History of Selborne_, xlv. (1789).

=Owl a Baker’s Daughter= (_The_). Our Lord once went into a baker’s shop to ask for bread. The mistress instantly put a cake in the oven for Him, but the daughter, thinking it to be too large, reduced it to half the size. The dough, howover,[TN-57] swelled to an enormous bulk, and the daughter cried out, “Heugh! heugh! heugh!” and was transformed into an owl.

Well, God ’ield you! They say the owl was a baker’s
daughter.--Shakespeare, _Hamlet_ (1596).

=Ox= (_The Dumb_), St. Thomas Aqui´nas; so named by his fellow-students on account of his taciturnity (1224-1274).

An ox once spoke as learned men deliver.--Beaumont and Fletcher,
_Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_, iii. 1 (1640).

_Ox._ _The black ox hath trod on his foot_, he has married and is hen-pecked; calamity has befallen him. The black ox was sacrificed to the infernals, and was consequently held accursed. When Tusser says the best way to thrive is to get married, the objector says:

Why, then, do folk this proverb put,
“The black ox near trod on thy foot,”
If that way were to thrive?

_Wiving and Thriving_, lvii. (1557).

The black oxe had not trode on his or her foote;
But ere his branch of blesse could reach any roote,
The flowers so faded that in fifteen weekes
A man might copy the change in the cheekes
Both of the poore wretch and his wife.

Heywood (1646).

=Oxford= (_John, earl of_), an exiled Lancastrian. He appears with his son Arthur as a travelling merchant, under the name of Philipson.

⁂ _The son of the merchant Philipson_ is Sir Arthur de Vere.

_The countess of Oxford_, wife of the earl.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

_Oxford_ (_The young earl of_), in the court of Queen Elizabeth.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Ozair= (2 _syl._), a prophet. One day, riding on an ass by the ruins of Jerusalem, after its destruction by the Chaldeans, he doubted in his mind whether God could raise the city up again. Whereupon God caused him to die, and he remained dead a hundred years, but was then restored to life. He found the basket of figs and cruse of wine as fresh as when he died, but his ass was a mass of bones. While he still looked, the dry bones came together, received life, and the resuscitated ass began to bray. The prophet no longer doubted the power of God to raise up Jerusalem from its ruins.--_Al Korân_, ii. (Sale’s notes).

⁂ This legend is based on _Neh._ ii. 12-20.

=P= Placenticus, the Dominican, wrote a poem of 253 Latin hexameters, called _Pugna Porcorum_, every word of which begins with the letter _p_ (died 1548). It begins thus:

Plaudite, Porcelli, porcorum pigra propago
Progreditur ... etc.

There was one composed in honor of Charles le Chauve, every word of which began with _c_.

The best known alliterative poem in English is the following:--

An Austrian army, awfully arrayed,
Boldly by battery besieged Belgrade.
Cossack commanders, cannonading, come,
Dealing destruction’s devastating doom;
Every endeavor engineers essay
For fame, for fortune, forming furious fray.
Gaunt gunners grapple, giving gashes good;
Heaves high his head heroic hardihood.
Ibraham, Islam, Ismael, imps in ill,
Jostle John, Jarovlitz, Jem, Joe, Jack, Jill;
Kick kindling Kutusoff, kings’ kinsmen kill;
Labor low levels loftiest, longest lines;
Men march ’mid moles, ’mid mounds, ’mid murderous mines.
Now nightfall’s nigh, now needful nature nods,
Opposed, opposing, overcoming odds.
Poor peasants, partly purchased, partly pressed,
Quite quaking, “Quarter! Quarter!” quickly quest.
Reason returns, recalls redundant rage,
Saves sinking soldiers, softens signiors sage.
Truce, Turkey, truce! truce, treacherous Tartar train!
Unwise, unjust, unmerciful Ukraine!
Vanish, vile vengeance! vanish, victory vain!
Wisdom walls war--wails warring words. What were
Xerxes, Xantippê, Ximenês, Xavier?
Yet Yassy’s youth, ye yield your youthful yest
Zealously, zanies, zealously, zeal’s zest.

From H. Southgate, _Many Thoughts on Many Things_.

Tusser has a poem of twelve lines, in rhyme, every word of which begins with _t_. The subject is on _Thriftiness_ (died 1580).

=P’s= (_The Five_), William Oxberry, printer, poet, publisher, publican and player (1784-1824).

=Pache= (_J. Nicolas_), a Swiss by birth. He was minister of war in 1792, and maire de Paris 1793. Pache hated the Girondists, and at the fall of Danton, was imprisoned. After his liberation, he retired to Thym-le-Moutiers (in the Ardennes), and died in obscurity (1740-1823).

Swiss Pache sits sleek-headed, frugal, the wonder of his own ally
for humility of mind.... Sit there, Tartuffe, till
wanted.--Carlyle.

=Pacific= (_The_), Amadeus VIII., count of Savoy (1383, 1391-1439, abdicated, and died 1451).

Frederick III., emperor of Germany (1415, 1440-1493).

Olaus III. of Norway (*, 1030-1093).

=Pac´olet=, a dwarf, “full of great sense and subtle ingenuity.” He had an enchanted horse, made of wood, with which he carried off Valentine, Orson and Clerimond from the dungeon of Ferrăgus. This horse is often alluded to. “To ride Pacolet’s horse” is a phrase for _going very fast_.--_Valentine and Orson_, [TN-58]fifteenth century).

_Pacolet_, a familiar spirit.--Steele, _The Tatler_ (1709).

_Pacolet_, or NICK STRUMPFER, the dwarf servant of Norna “of the Fitful Head.”--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time William III.).

=Pacomo= (_St._), an Egyptian, who lived in the fourth century. It is said that he could walk among serpents unhurt; and when he had occasion to cross the Nile, he was carried on the back of a crocodile.

The hermit fell on his knees before an image of St. Pacomo, which
was glued to the wall.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, iv. 9 (1724).

=Paddington= (_Harry_), one of Macheath’s gang of thieves. Peachum describes him as a “poor, petty-larceny rascal, without the least genius. That fellow,” he says, “though he were to live for six months, would never come to the gallows with credit” (act i. 1).--Gay, _The Beggar’s Opera_ (1727).

=Paddy=, an Irishman. A corruption of _Padhrig_, Irish for Patrick.

=Padlock= (_The_), a comic opera by Bickerstaff. Don Diego (2 _syl._), a wealthy lord of 60, saw a country maiden named Leonora, to whom he took a fancy, and arranged with the parents to take her home with him and place her under the charge of a duenna for three months, to see if her temper was as sweet as her face was pretty; and then either “to return her to them spotless, or make her his lawful wife.” At the expiration of the time, the don went to arrange with the parents for the wedding, and locked up his house, giving the keys to Ursula, the duenna. To make assurance doubly sure, he put a padlock on the outer door, and took the key with him. Leander, a young student, smitten with the damsel, laughed at locksmiths and duennas, and, having gained admission into the house, was detected by Don Diego, who returned unexpectedly. The old don, being a man of sense, perceived that Leander was a more suitable bridegroom than himself, so he not only sanctioned the alliance, but gave Leonora a handsome wedding dowry (1768).

=Pæan=, the physician of the immortals.

=Pæa´na=, daughter of Corflambo, “fair as ever yet saw living eye,” but “too loose of life and eke too light.” Pæana fell in love with Amĭas, a captive in her father’s dungeon; but Amias had no heart to give away. When Placĭdae was brought captive before Pæana, she mistook him for Amias, and married him. The poet adds, that she thenceforth so reformed her ways “that all men much admired the change, and spake her praise.”--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 9 (1596).

=Pagan=, a fay who loved the Princess Imis; but Imis rejected his suit, as she loved her cousin, Philax. Pagan, out of revenge, shut them up in a superb crystal palace, which contained every delight except that of leaving it. In the course of a few years, Imis and Philax longed as much for a separation as, at one time, they wished to be united.--Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“Palace of Revenge,” 1682).

=Page= (_Mr._), a gentleman living at Windsor. When Sir John Falstaff made love to Mrs. Page, Page himself assumed the name of Brooke, to outwit the knight. Sir John told the supposed Brooke his whole “course of wooing,” and how nicely he was bamboozling the husband. On one occasion, he says, “I was carried out in a buck-basket of dirty linen before the very eyes of Page, and the deluded husband did not know it.” Of course, Sir John is thoroughly outwitted and played upon, being made the butt of the whole village.

_Mrs. Page_, wife of Mr. Page of Windsor. When Sir John Falstaff made love to her, she joined with Mrs. Ford to dupe him and punish him.

_Anne Page_, daughter of the above, in love with Fenton. Slender calls her “the sweet Anne Page.”

_William Page_, Anne’s brother, a schoolboy.--Shakespeare, _Merry Wives of Windsor_ (1595).

_Page_ (_Sir Francis_), called “The Hanging Judge” (1661-1741).

Slander and poison dread from Delia’s rage;
Hard words or hanging if your judge be Page.

Pope.

_Page_ (_Ruth_). A dainty little miss, bright, happy and imaginative, called sometimes “Teenty-Taunty.” Her head is full of fairy-lore, and when she tumbles into the water one day, she dreams in her swoon of Fairy-Land and the wonders thereof, of a bunch of forget-me-nots she was to keep alive if she would have her mother live, and so many other marvellous things, that her distressed father opines that “the poor child would be rational enough, if she had not read so many fairy-books.”--John Neal, _Goody Gracious and the Forget-me-not_ (183-).

=Paget= (_The Lady_), one of the ladies of the bedchamber in Queen Elizabeth’s court.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

_Paine_[TN-59] (_Squire_). “Hard-headed, hard fe’tured Yankee,” whose conversion to humanity and Christianity is effected by Roxanna Keep.

She “drilled the hole, an’ put in the powder of the Word, an’
tamped it down with some pretty stiff facts ... but _the Lord fired
the blast Himself_.”--Rose Terry Cooke, _Somebody’s Neighbors_
(1881).

=Painter of Nature.= Remi Belleau, one of the Pleiad poets, is so called (1528-1577).

_The Shepheardes Calendar_, by Spenser, is largely borrowed from Belleau’s _Song of April_.

=Painter of the Graces.= Andrea Appiani (1754-1817).

=Painters.=

_A Bee._ Quentin Matsys, the Dutch painter, painted a bee so well that the artist Mandyn thought it a real bee, and proceeded to brush it away with his handkerchief (1450-1529).

_A Cow._ Myro carved a cow so true to nature that bulls mistook it for a living animal (B.C. 431).

_A Curtain._ Parrhasios painted a curtain so admirably that even Zeuxis, the artist, mistook it for real drapery (B.C. 400).

_A Fly._ George Alexander Stevens says, in his _Lectures on Heads_:

I have heard of a connoisseur who was one day in an auction-room
where there was an inimitable piece of painting of fruits and
flowers. The connoisseur would not give his opinion of the picture
till he had first examined the catalogue; and, finding it was done
by an Englishman, he pulled out his eye-glass. “Oh, sir,” says he,
“those English fellows have no more idea of genius than a Dutch
skipper has of dancing a cotillion. The dog has spoiled a fine
piece of canvas; he is worse than a Harp Alley signpost dauber.
There’s no keeping, no perspective, no foreground. Why, there now,
the fellow has actually attempted to paint a fly upon that rosebud.
Why, it is no more like a fly than I am like--;” but, as he
approached his finger to the picture, the fly flew away
(1772)[TN-60]

_Grapes._ Zeuxis (2 _syl._) a Grecian painter, painted some grapes so well that birds came and pecked at them, thinking them real grapes (B.C. 400).

_A Horse._ Apellês painted Alexander’s horse Bucephalos so true to life that some mares came up to the canvas neighing, under the supposition that it was a real animal (about B.C. 334).

_A Man._ Velasquez painted a Spanish admiral so true to life that when King Felipe IV. entered the studio he mistook the painting for the man, and began reproving the supposed officer for neglecting his duty in wasting his time in the studio, when he ought to have been with his fleet (1590-1660).

_Accidental effects in painting._

Apellês, being at a loss to paint the foam of Alexander’s horse, dashed his brush at the picture in a fit of annoyance, and did by accident what his skill had failed to do (about B.C. 334).

The same tale is told of Protog´enês, who dashed his brush at a picture, and thus produced “the foam of a dog’s mouth,” which he had long been trying in vain to represent (about B.C. 332).

_Painters_ (_Prince of_). Parrhasios and Apellês are both so called (fourth century B.C.).

=Painters’ Characteristics.=

ANGELO (_Michael_): an iron frame, strongly developed muscles, and an anatomical display of the human figure. The Æschylos of painters (1474-1564).

CARRACCI: eclectic artists, who picked out and pieced together parts taken from Correggio, Raphael, Titian and other great artists. If Michael Angelo is the Æschylos of artists, and Raphael the Sophoclês, the Carracci may be called the Euripidês of painters. I know not why in England the name is spelt with only one _r_.

CORREGGIO: known by his wonderful foreshortenings, his magnificent light and shade. He is, however, very monotonous (1494-1534).

CROME (_John_): an old woman in a red cloak walking up an avenue of trees (1769-1821).

DAVID: noted for his stiff, dry, pedantic, “highly classic” style, according to the interpretation of the phrase by the French in the first Revolution (1748-1825).

DOLCE (_Cario_): famous for his Madonnas, which were all finished with most extraordinary delicacy (1616-1686).

DOMENICHI´NO: famed for his frescoes, correct in design and fresh in coloring (1581-1614).

GUIDO: his specialty is a pallid or bluish-complexioned saint, with saucer or uplifted eyes (1574-1642).

HOLBEIN: characterized by bold relief, exquisite finish, force of conception, delicacy of tone, and dark background (1498-1554).

LORRAINE (_Claude_): a Greek temple on a hill, with sunny and highly finished classic scenery. Aerial perspective (1600-1682).

MURILLO: a brown-faced Madonna (1618-1682).

OMMEGANCK: sheep (1775-1826).

PERUGINO (_Pietro_): known by his narrow, contracted figures and scrimpy drapery (1446-1524).

POUSSIN: famous for his classic style. Reynolds says: “No works of any modern have so much the air of antique painting as those of Poussin” (1593-1665).

POUSSIN (_Gaspar_): a landscape painter, the very opposite of Claude Lorraine. He seems to have drawn his inspiration from Hervey’s _Meditations Among the Tombs_, Blair’s _Grave_, Young’s _Night Thoughts_, and Burton’s _Anatomy of Melancholy_ (1613-1675).

RAPHAEL: the Sophoclês of painters. Angelo’s figures are all gigantesque and ideal, like those of Æschylos. Raphael’s are perfect human beings (1483-1520).

REYNOLDS: a portrait-painter. He presents his portraits in _bal masqué_, not always suggestive either of the rank or character of the person represented. There is about the same analogy between Watteau and Reynolds as between Claude Lorraine and Gaspar Poussin (1723-1792).

ROSA (_Salvator_): dark, inscrutable pictures, relieved by dabs of palette-knife. He is fond of savage scenery, broken rocks, wild caverns, blasted heaths, and so on (1615-1673).

RUBENS: patches of vermillion dabbed about the human figure, wholly out of harmony with the rest of the coloring (1577-1640).

STEEN (_Jan_): an old woman peeling vegetables, with another old woman looking at her (1636-1679).

TINTORETTI: full of wild fantastical inventions. He is called “The Lightning of the Pencil” (1512-1594).

TITIAN: noted for his broad shades of divers gradations (1477-1576).

VERONESE (_Paul_): noted for his great want of historical correctness and elegance of design; but he abounds in spirited banquets, sumptuous edifices, brilliant aerial spectres, magnificent robes, gaud, and jewelry (1530-1588).

WATTEAU: noted for his _fêtes galantes_, fancy-ball costumes, and generally gala-day figures (1684-1721).

=Paix des Dames= (_La_), the treaty of peace concluded at Cambray in 1529, between François I. of France and Karl V., emperor of Germany. So called because it was mainly negotiated by Louise of Savoy (mother of the French king), and Margaret, the emperor’s aunt.

=Palabras Carinosas.=

“Good-night! I have to say good-night
To such a host of peerless things!
Good-night unto the fragile hand
All queenly with its weight of rings;
Good-night to fond uplifted eyes,
Good-night to chestnut braids of hair,
Good-night unto the perfect mouth
And all the sweetness nestled there,--
The snowy hand detains me,--then
I’ll have to say Good-night again!”

Thomas Bailey Aldrich, _Poems_, 1858-84.

=Paladore=, a Briton in the service of the king of Lombardy. One day, in a boar-hunt, the boar turned on the Princess Sophia, and, having gored her horse to death, was about to attack the lady, but was slain by the young Briton. Between these two young people a strong attachment sprang up; but the Duke Bire´no, by an artifice of false impersonation, induced Paladore to believe that the princess was a wanton, and had the audacity to accuse her as such to the senate. In Lombardy, the punishment for this offence was death, and the princess was ordered to execution. Paladore, having learned the truth, accused the duke of villainy. They fought, and Bireno fell. The princess, being cleared of the charge, married Paladore.--Robert Jephson, _The Law of Lombardy_ (1779).

=Palame´des= (4 _syl._), son of Nauplios, was, according to Suidas, the inventor of dice. (See ALEA.)

_Palamedes_ (_Sir_), a Saracen, who adored Isolde, the wife of King Mark of Cornwall. Sir Tristram also loved the same lady, who was his aunt. The two “lovers” fought, and Sir Palamedês, being overcome, was compelled to turn Christian. He was baptized, and Sir Tristram stood his sponsor at the font.--Thomas of Erceldoune, called “The Rhymer,” _Sir Tristram_ (thirteenth century).

=Palame´des of Lombardy=, one of the allies of the Christian army in the first crusade. He was shot by Corinda with an arrow (bk. xi.).--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).

=Palamon and Arcite= (2 _syl._), two young Theban knights, who fell into the hands of Duke Theseus (2 _syl._), and were by him confined in a dungeon at Athens. Here they saw the duke’s sister-in-law, Emily, with whom both fell in love. When released from captivity, the two knights told to the duke their tale of love; and the duke promised that whichever proved the victor in single combat, should have Emily for his prize. Arcite prayed to Mars “for victory,” and Palamon to Venus that he might “obtain the lady,” and both their prayers were granted. Arcite won the victory, according to his prayer, but, being thrown from his horse, died; so Palamon, after all, “won the lady,” though he did not win the battle.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (“The Knight’s Tale,” 1388).

This tale is taken from the _Le Teseide_ of Boccaccio.

_The Black Horse_, a drama by John Fletcher, is the same tale. Richard Edwards has a comedy called _Palæmon and Arcyte_ (1566).

=Pale= (_The_), or THE ENGLISH PALE, a part of Ireland, including Dublin, Meath, Carlow, Kilkenny and Louth.

=Pale Faces.= So the American Indians call the European settlers.

=Pale´mon=, son of a rich merchant. He fell in love with Anna, daughter of Albert, master of one of his father’s ships. The purse-proud merchant, indignant at this, tried every means to induce his son to abandon such a “mean connection,” but without avail; so at last he sent him in the _Britannia_ (Albert’s ship) “in charge of the merchandise.” The ship was wrecked near Cape Colonna, in Attica; and although Palēmon escaped, his ribs were so broken that he died almost as soon as he reached the shore.

A gallant youth, Palemon was his name,
Charged with the commerce hither also came;
A father’s stern resentment doomed to prove,
He came, the victim of unhappy love.

Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, i. 2 (1756).

=Pale´mon and Lavinia=, a poetic version of Boaz and Ruth. “The lovely young Lavinia” went to glean in the fields of young Palemon, “the pride of swains;” and Palemon, falling in love with the beautiful gleaner, both wooed and won her.--Thomson, _The Seasons_ (“Autumn,” 1730).

=Pales= (2 _syl._), god of shepherds and their flocks.--_Roman Mythology._

Pomōna loves the orchard;
And Liber loves the vine;
And Palês loves the straw-built shed,
Warm with the breath of kine.

Lord Macaulay, _Lays of Ancient Rome_ (“Prophecy of Capys,” 1842).

=Pal´inode= (3 _syl._), a shepherd in Spenser’s _Eclogues_. In ecl. v. Palinode represents the Catholic priest. He invites Piers (who represents the Protestant clergy) to join in the fun and pleasures of May. Piers then warns the young man of the vanities of the world, and tells him of the great degeneracy of pastoral life, at one time simple and frugal, but now discontented and licentious. He concludes with the fable of the kid and her dam. The fable is this: A mother-goat, going abroad for the day, told her kid to keep at home, and not to open the door to strangers. She had not been gone long when up came a fox, with head bound from “headache,” and foot bound from “gout,” and carrying a ped of trinkets. The fox told the kid a most piteous tale, and showed her a little mirror. The kid, out of pity and vanity, opened the door; but while stooping over the ped to pick up a little bell, the fox clapped down the lid and carried her off.

In ecl. vii. Palinode is referred to by the shepherd Thomalin, as “lording it over God’s heritage,” feeding the sheep with chaff, and keeping for himself the grains.--Spenser, _Shepheardes Calendar_ (1572).

_Palinode_ (3 _syl._), a poem in recantation of a calumny. Stesich´oros wrote a bitter satire against Helen, for which her brothers, Castor and Pollux, plucked out his eyes. When, however, the poet recanted, his sight was restored to him again.

The bard who libelled Helen in his song,
Recanted after, and redressed the wrong.

Ovid, _Art of Love_, iii.

Horace’s _Ode_, xvi. i. is a palinode. Samuel Butler has a palinode, in which he recanted what he said in a previous poem of the Hon. Edward Howard. Dr. Watts recanted in a poem the _praise_ he had previously bestowed on Queen Anne.

=Palinu´rus=, the pilot of Æne´as. Palinurus, sleeping at the helm, fell into the sea and was drowned. The name is employed as a generic word for a steersman or pilot, and sometimes for a chief minister. Thus, Prince Bismarck might have been called the palinurus of William, emperor of Germany and king of Prussia.

More had she spoke, but yawned. All nature nods ...
E’en Palinurus nodded at the helm.

Pope, _The Dunciad_, iv. 614 (1742).

=Palisse= (_La_), a sort of M. Prudhomme; a pompous utterer of truisms and moral platitudes.

=Palissy= (_Bernard, the potter_), succeeded, after innumerable efforts and privations, in inventing the art of enamelling stone ware. He was arrested and confined in the Bastille for Huguenot principles, and died there in 1589.

=Palla´dio= (_Andrea_), the Italian classical architect (1518-1580).

_The English Palladio_, Inigo Jones (1573-1653).

=Palla´dium.=

_Of Ceylon_, the deláda or tooth of Buddha, preserved in the Malegawa temple at Kandy. Natives guard it with great jealousy, from a belief that whoever possesses it acquires the right to govern Ceylon. When, in 1815, the English obtained possession of the tooth, the Ceylonese submitted to them without resistance.

_Of Eden Hall_, a drinking-glass, in the possession of Sir Christopher Musgrave, Bart., of Edenhall, Cumberland.

_Of Jerusalem._ Aladine, king of Jerusalem, stole an image of the Virgin, and set it up in a mosque, that she might no longer protect the Christians, but become the palladium of Jerusalem. The image was rescued by Sophronia, and the city taken by the crusaders.

_Of Meg´ara_, a golden hair of King Nisus. Scylla promised to deliver the city into the hands of Minos, and cut off the talismanic lock of her father’s head while he was asleep.

_Of Rome_, the ancīle or sacred buckler which Numa said fell from heaven, and was guarded by priests called Salii.

_Of Scotland_, the great stone of Scone, near Perth, which was removed by Edward I. to Westminster, and is still there, preserved in the coronation chair.

_Of Troy_, a colossal wooden statue of Pallas Minerva, which “fell from heaven.” It was carried off by the Greeks, by whom the city was taken, and burned to the ground.

=Pallet=, a painter, in Smollett’s novel of _Peregrine Pickle_ (1751).

The absurdities of Pallet are painted an inch thick, and by no human possibility could such an accumulation of comic disasters have befallen the characters of the tale.

=Pal´merin of England=, the hero and title of a romance in chivalry. There is also an inferior one entitled _Palmerin d’Oliva._