Chapter XXIII: Prologue: 1 1 (6)

l. 995. _Bilgres._ Can this be _bugloss_? I find this, as here, in juxtaposition with _scabiose_, in Bullein’s _Bulwarke of Defence_, Book of Simples, fol xvj. b. G. P. Marsh.

l. 1004. For Selden’s Chapter on Precedence, see his _Titles of Honour_, ch. xi. Rouge Dragon (Mr G. Adams) tells me that the order of precedence has varied from time to time, and that the one now in force differs in many points from Russell’s.

l. 1040. _Nurrieris._ I find no such name in Selden’s chap. ix., Of Women. Does the word mean ‘foster-mothers or fathers,’ from the Latin “Nutricarii, Matricularii, quibus enutriendi ac educandi infantes projectos cura incumbebat: _Nourissiers._ Vita S. Goaris cap. 10: _Hæcque consuetudo erat, ut quando aliquis homo de ipsis infantibus projectis misericordia vellet curam habere, ab illis, quos_ Nutricarios _vocant, matriculariis S. Petri compararet, et illi Episcopo ipsum infantem præsentare deberent, et postea Episcopi auctoritas eumdem hominem de illo_ Nutricario _confirmabat_. _Id clarius explicatur a Wandelberto in Vita ejusdem Sancti_, cap. 20.” Ducange, ed. 1845.

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The following list of Names of Fish, from Yarrell, may be found convenient for reference.

_Names of Fish from Yarrell’s History of British Fish, 1841, 2nd ed._

English Names Latin Names. Yar., vol., page

Basse _Perca labrax_ i 8
Bleak _Luciscus_, or i 419
_Cyprinus alburnus_
Bream or Carp-Bream _Abramis_, or _Cyprinus brama_ i 382
„ the common Sea- _Pagellus centrodontus_ i 123
Brill, or Pearl, Kite, _Rhombus vulgaris_, or
BRETT, Bonnet-Fleuk _Pleuronectes rhombus_ ii 231
Butt, Flook, or Flounder _Pleuronectes flesus_, or ii 303
_Platessa flesus_
Common Cod, or Keeling _Morrhua vulgaris_, or ii 221
_Gadus morrhua_ (Jenyns)
Green Cod _Merlangus virens_ (Cuvier) ii 256
_Gadus virens_ (Linnæus)
Conger _Conger vulgaris_, or ii 402
_Muræna conger_
Dace, Dare, or Dait _Leuciscus vulgaris_, or i 404
_Cyprinus leuciscus_
Dog Fish (the common), _Spinax acanthias_, or ii 524
The Picked Dog-Fish, _Squalus acanthias_
or Bone Dog (Sussex),
Hoe (Orkney)
Small Spotted Dog Fish _Scyllium canicula_, or ii 487
or Morgay (Scotl.), _Squalus canicula_
Robin Huss (Sussex
Coast)
Large Spotted Dog Fish, _Scyllium stellaris_ ii 493
or Bounce (Scotl. &
Devon)
Black-mouthed Dog-Fish, _Scyllium melanostomum_ ii 495
or Eyed Dog-Fish
(Cornwall)
The Smooth Hound or _Squalus mustelus_, ii 512
Shate-toothed Shark, or _Mustelus lævis_
Ray-mouthed Dog
(Cornwall)
Dory, or Dorée _Zeus faber_ i 183
Sharp-nosed Eel _Anguilla acutirostris_, ii 381
or _vulgaris_
Broad-nosed Eel _Anguilla latirostris_ ii 396
Flounder, or Flook _Platessa flesus_ ii 303
(Merret). Mayock,
Fluke (Edinb.), Butt.
Grayling _Thymallus vulgaris_, ii 136
or _Salmo thymallus_
Gudgeon _Gobio fluviatilis_, i 371
or _Cyprinus gobio_
Red Gurnard _Trigla cuculus_, or i 38-63
_lineata_
Haddock _Morrhua æglefinus_, ii 233
or _Gadus æglefinus_
Hake _Merlucius vulgaris_, ii 253
or _Gadus merlucius_
Herring _Clupea harengus_ ii 183
Holibut _Hippoglossus vulgaris_, ii 321
or _Pleuronectes hippoglossus_
Hornfish, GARFISH, _Belone vulgaris_, or i 442
Sea-pike, Long Nose, &c. _Esox belone_
Keeling. See Common Cod ii 221
Lampern, or River _Petromyzon fluviatilis_ ii 604
Lamprey[*]
Lamprey _Petromyzon marinus_ ii 598
Ling _Lota molva_ (Cuvier), ii 264
or _Gadus molva_ (Linnæus)
Luce, or PIKE _Esox lucius_ i 434
Lump-fish ii 365
Mackarel _Scomber scombrus_, i 137
or _vulgaris_
Merling, or Whiting _Merlangus vulgaris_ (Cuvier), ii 244
or _Gadus merlangus_ (Linnæus)
Minnow _Leuciscus_, i 423
or _Cyprinus phoxinus_
Mullet, grey, or Common _Mugil capito_, or _cephalus_ i 234
Muræna _Muræna Helena_ ii 406
Perch _Perca fluviatilis_ i 1
Pike _Esox lucius_ i 434
Plaice _Platessa vulgaris_ ii 297
Roach _Cyprinus rutilis_ i 399
Salmon _Salmo Salar_ ii 1
Smelt. _Spirling_ and _Salmo Sperlanus_, or ii 75 & 129
_Sparling_ in _Osmerus Sperlanus_
Scotland
Sturgeon, the Common _Acipenser Sturio_ ii 475
„ the Broad-nosed _Acipenser latirostris_ ii 479
Swordfish _Xiphias gladius_ i 164
Tench _Tinca vulgaris_, or i 375
_Cyprinus tinca_
Thornback _Raia clavata_ ii 583
Trout, Common _Salmo fario_ ii 85
Turbot, or Rawn Fleuk _Rhombus maximus_, or ii 324
and Bannock Fluck _Pleuronectes maximus_
(Scotl.)
Vendace or Vendis _Coregonus Willughbii_, or ii 146
(? Venprides, l. 820, _Coregonus Marænula_
Russell) (Jenyns)
Whiting, or Merling _Merlangus vulgaris_ (Cuvier) ii 244
_Gadus merlangus_ (Linnæus)

[Footnote *: The Lamperns have been taken in the Thames at
Teddington this autumn (1866) in extraordinary quantities.]

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Errata (noted by transcriber):

Main text:

l. 1061 Alle the vndirIusticeȝ [_text unchanged_]
l. 1166 þe honour{e} and worshipp{e}
[_extra blank space at beginning of line_]

Footnotes:

114: ... _H. Ord._ p. 462. [_“p.” missing_]
162: ... _Sea Dog / Fish [_close quote missing_]
236: ... Cules a _Cod Fish_ argent [_text unchanged_]
263: ... AS. _dæges eage_. [dœges eage]
265: ... _Hleomoce_ [‘_Hleomoce_]
268: ... of Edw. IV.’ [_close quote missing_]

Linenotes:

ll. 109ff. (Notes on wines):
5. _Raspice._ [_“5.” added by transcriber_]
... mox tamen exolescente, p. 31-2, &c.” [_close quote missing_]
8. _Bastard._ ... sweetish quality.” [_close quote missing_]
l. 548: ... see note on Torrentyne, l. 835 below [_l. 828_]
l. 577: ... See note to l. 839 here, p. 108.
[_l. 840_]
l. 799: ... The oxce is [“The oxce]
l. 915: (See _n._ p. 131, below.)
[_Andrew Borde, “Sleep, Rising and Dress”, footnote 5_]

Table of fish names:

Venprides l. 820 [821]

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[Transcriber’s Note:

Andrewe on Fish, listed in the Contents as part of the linenotes to the Boke of Nurture, is a separate text.

Boldface initials are marked with a double ++ before the letter. Further details about the transcription are at the beginning of the Preface.]

Extracts about Fish from “The noble lyfe & natures of man,
Of bestes / serpentys / fowles & fisshes y^t be moste knowen.”

A very rare black-letter book, without date, and hitherto undescribed, except perhaps incorrectly by Ames (vol. 1, p. 412, and vol. 3, p. 1531), has been lent to me by Mr Algernon Swinburne. Its title is given above: “The noble lyfe and natures of man” is in large red letters, and the rest in smaller black ones, all surrounded by woodcuts of the wonderful animals, mermaids, serpents, birds, quadrupeds with men’s and women’s heads, a stork with its neck tied in a knot, and other beasts “y^t be most knowen.” The illustrations to each chapter are wonderfully quaint. The author of it says in his Prologus “In the name of ower sauiour criste Iesu, maker & redemour of al ma{n}kynd / I Lawre{n}s A{n}drewe of {th}e towne of Calis haue translated for Joh{an}nes doesborrowe, booke prenter in the cite of Andwarpe, this p{re}sent volume deuyded in thre partes, which were neuer before in no maternall langage prentyd tyl now /” As it is doubtful whether another copy of the book is known, I extract from the Third Part of this incomplete one such notices of the fish mentioned by Russell or Wynkyn de Worde, as it contains, with a few others for curiosity’s sake:--

here after followeth of the natures of the fisshes of the See whiche be right profitable to be vndersta{n}de / Wherof I wyll wryte be {th}e helpe and grace of almighty god, to whose laude & prayse this mater ensueth.

CAP. PRIMO.

[Sidenote: _Abremon_, ? not _Bream_ (see Cap. xiii; p. 115 here)]

A Bremon[*] is a fruteful fisshe that hathe moche sede / but it is nat through mouynge of the he / but only of the owne proper nature / and than she rubbeth her belly upon the grou{n}de or sande / and is sharpe in handelinge / & salt of sauour / and this fisshe saueth her yonges in her bely whan it is tempestius weder / & when the weder is ouerpast, than she vomyteth them out agayne.

[Footnote *: ἀβραμις, a fish found in the sea and the Nile, perhaps
the _bream_, Opp. Hal. i. 244. Liddell & Scott.]

Cap. ij.

[Sidenote: _Eel_ (Russell, l. 719). Is of no sex; is best
roasted.]

++Anguilla / the Ele is lyke a serpe{n}t of fascyon, & may leue eight yere, & without water vi. dayes whan the wind is in the northe / in the wint{er} they wyll haue moche water, & that clere / amo{n}ge them is nouther male nor female / for they become fisshes of {th}e slyme of other fisshes / they must be flayne / they suffer a longe dethe / they be best rosted, but it is longe or they be ynouge / the droppi{n}ge of it is gode for paines in the eares.

Cap. iij.

[Sidenote: _Herring_ (Russell, l. 722). Is delicious when fresh,
(Russell, l. 748) or salted. Dies when it feels the air.]

++Alec, the heringe, is a Fisshe of the see / & very many be taken betweene bretayn & germaia / & also i{n} denmarke aboute a place named schonen / And he is best from thebegi{n}nynge of August to december / and when he is fresshe take{n} / he is a very delicious to be eten. And also wha{n} he hath ben salted he is a specyall fode vnto man / He can nat leue w{i}t{h}out wat{er}, for as sone as he feleth the ayre he is dede / & they be taken in gret hepis togeder / & specially where they se light, there wyll they be, than so they be taken with nettis / which commeth be the diuyne Prouydens of almighty God.

Cap. v.

[Sidenote: _Whale?_ (Russell, l. 582). Shipmen cast anchor on him,
and make a fire on him. He swims away, and drowns them.]

+A+ Spidochelo{n} / as Phisiolog{us} saith, it is a mo{n}strous thinge in the see, it is a gret whale fisshe, & hath an ouer-growe{n} rowgh ski{n}ne / & he is moste parte w{i}t{h} his bake on hye aboue the water in such maner that some shypmen {tha}t see him, wene that it is a lytell ylande / & whan they come be it, they cast their ankers upo{n} him / & go out of theyr shippes & make a fyre upon hym to dresse theyr metys / and as sone as he feleth the hete of the fyre / tha{n}ne he swy{m}meth fro the place, & drowneth them, & draweth the shippe to the grounde / And his proper nature is, whan he hath yonges, {tha}t he openeth his mouthe wyde open / & out of it fleeth a swete ayre / to {the} which the fisshes resorte, and tha{n} he eteth them.

[Sidenote: _Goldenpoll?_]

++Aauratais a fysshe in the see {tha}t hathe a hede shinynge lyke golde.

Cap. xi.

[Sidenote: _Ahuna._ When the Ahuna is in danger, he puts his head
in his belly, and eats a bit of himself.]

++Ahuna is a mo{n}ster of the see very glorisshe, as Albert{us} saith / what it eteth it tourneth to greas in his body / it hathe no mawe but a bely / & that he filleth so full that he speweth it out agayne / & that can he do so lyghtely / for hehath no necke / whan he is in peryl of dethe be other fisshes / than he onfacyoneth himselfe as rou{n}de as a bowle, w{i}t{h}drawynge his hede into his bely / wha{n} he hathe then hounger / He dothe ete a parte of himselfe rather than {th}e other fisshes sholde ete him hole and all.

Cap. xiii.

[Sidenote: _Borbotha._]

++Borbotha be fisshes very slepery, somewhat lyke an ele / haui{n}ge wyde mouthes & great hedes / it is a swete mete / and whan it is xij. yere olde, than it waxeth bigge of body.

[Sidenote: _Butt_, or _Flounder_ (Russell, l. 735, and note 2).]

Nota / Botte that is a flounder of the fresshe water / & they swi{m}me on the flatte of their body, & they haue finnes rou{n}de about theyr body & w{i}t{h} a sothern wynde they waxe fatte /

[Sidenote: _Bream_ (Russell, l. 745, 578).]

& they have rede spottis. Bre{n}na is a breme, & it is a fisshe of the riuer / & whan he seeth the pyke that wyll take hym / than he sinketh to the botom of {th}e wat{er} & maketh it so trobelous that the pyke can nat se hym.

Cap. xiiii.

[Sidenote: _Balena._ (The woodcut is a big Merman. See note,
p. 123, here. ? Whale. Russell, l. 582.) Are seen most in winter;
breed in summer. In rough weather Balena puts her young in her
mouth.]

++Balena is a great beste in the see, and bloweth moche water from him, as if it were a clowde / the shippes be in great dau{n}ger of him somtyme / & they be sene moste towardes winter / for in the somer they be hidden in swete brod places of the wat{er} where it casteth her yo{n}ges, & suffereth so grete payne {tha}t tha{n} he fleteth aboue the water as one desiringe helpe / his mouth is in the face, & therefore he casteth the more water / she bringeth her yonges forthe lyke other bestis on erthe, & it slepeth / in te{m}pestius weder she hydeth her yo{n}ges in her mouthe / and wha{n} it is past she voydeth them out agayne / & they growe x. yere.

Cap. xvi.

[Sidenote: _Crevice_ (Sea and Fresh Water Crayfish). (Russell,
l. 602, l. 618.) How they engender, and hybernate. How the
Crayfish manages to eat Oysters.]

++Cancer the creuyce is a Fishe of {th}e see that is closed in a harde shelle, hauyng many fete and clawes / and euer it crepeth bacward / & the he hathe two py{n}nes on his bely, & {th}e she hathe none / whan he wyll engender, he cli{m}meth on her bake, and she turneth her syde towardes him, & so they fulfyll their workes. In maye they chaunge their cotes, & in wi{n}ter they hyde the{m} fiue monethes duringe / wha{n} the creues hath dro{n}ken milke it may leue lo{n}ge w{i}t{h}out wat{er}. when he is olde, he hathe ij. stones in his hed with rede spottes that haue great vertue / for if they be layde in drynke / they withdryue the payne frome the herte. thecreuyce eteth the Oysters, & geteth the{m} be policye / for whan the oyster gapeth, he throweth lytell stones in him, and so geteth his fishe out, for it bydeth than open.

The Operacion.

[Sidenote: Fresh-Water Crayfish is hard to digest.]

¶ The Asshes of hym is gode to make white tethe / & to kepe the motes out of the clothes / it w{i}t{h}dryueth byles, & heleth mangynes. The creuyce of the fresshe water geueth gret fode, but it is an heuy mete to disieste.

Cap. xviij.

[Sidenote: Caucius.]

++Cauci{us} is a fisshe that will nat be taken w{i}t{h} no hokes / but

[Sidenote: Capitaius.]

eteth of {th}e bayte & goth his way quyte. Capitai{us} is a lytel fisshe w{i}t{h} a great hede / a wyde rou{n}de mouthe / &

[Sidenote: _Carp._ Is difficult to net.]

it hydeth him vnder the stones. Nota. Carpera is a carpe, & it is a fysshe that hathe great scales / and the female hathe a great rowghe, & she can bringe forthe no yonges tyll she haue receyued mylke of her make / & that she receyueth at the mouth / and it is yll for to take / for whan it perceyueth that it shalbe taken w{i}t{h} the net, tha{n} it thrusteth the hede into the mudde of the water / and than the nette slyppeth ouer him whiche waye soeuer it come; & some holde them fast be the grounde, grasse / or erbis, & so saue themselfe.

Cap. xix.

[Sidenote: _Whale._ Likes Harmony. Gets harpooned, rubs the
harpoon into himself, and slays himself.]

++Cetus is the greatest whale fisshe of all / his mouthe is so wyde that he bloweth vp the water as yf it were a clowde / wherw{i}t{h} he drowneth many shippes / but whan the maryners spye where he is / than thei acco{m}pany them a gret many of shyppes togeder about him with diuers i{n}strume{n}tis of musike, & they play with grete armonye / & the fische is very gladde of this armonye / & co{m}meth fletynge a-boue the watere to here the melody, & than they haue amonge them an instrument of yron, {th}e whiche they feste{n} in-to the harde ski{n}ne, & the weght of it synketh downwarde in to {th}e fat & grese / & sodenly w{i}t{h} that al {th}e instrumentes of musike be styll, and {th}e shyppes departe frome thens, & anone he sinketh to the grownde / & he feleth {tha}t the salt watere smarteth in {th}e wou{n}de, tha{n} he turneth his bely vpwaerd and rubbeth his wownde agay{n}st {th}e grou{n}d, & the more he rubbeth, the depere it entreth / & he rubbeth so longe {tha}t he sleeth hymself / and whan he is dede, than co{m}meth he vp agayne and sheweth him selfe dede / as he dyd before quicke / and than the shippes gader them togeder agayne, and take, & so lede hym to lo{n}de, & do theyr profyte with hym.

Cap. xxij.

[Sidenote: Conche, or _Muscle_.]

++Conche be abydynge in {th}e harde shellis: as {th}e mone growth or waneth, so be the conches or muscles fulle or nat full, but smale / & there be many sortes of conches or musclys / but {th}e best be they that haue the perles in.

Cap. xxiij.

[Sidenote: Sea-snails.]

++Coochele / is a snayle dwelli{n}ge in the water & also on the lo{n}de / they go out of theyr howses / & they thruste out .ij. longe hornes wherwith they fele wether they go / for they se nat where they crepe.

Cap. xxiiij.

[Sidenote: _Conger._]

++The Conger is a se fisshe facioned like an ele / but they be moche greter in qua{n}tyte / & whan it bloweth sore, than

[Sidenote: Polippus.]

waxe they fatte. ¶ Polippus is also a stronge fisshe {tha}t onwarse he wyl pull a man out of a shyp. yet {th}e conger is so stronge that he wyll tere polippu{m} asonder w{i}t{h} his teth, & in winter {th}e conger layth in {th}e depe cauernes or holes of the water. & he is nat taken but in somer. ¶ Esculapius sayth.

[Sidenote: Corets.]

Coretz is a fisshe that hydeth hym in the depe of {th}e water whan it rayneth / for yf he receiued any rayne, he sholde waxe blynde, and dye of it. ¶ Iorath sayth. The fisshes that be

[Sidenote: _Sea-crevice._]

named se craues / wha{n}ne they haue yo{n}ges / they make suche noise {tha}t through theyr noyse they be fou{n}de and taken.

Cap. xxvij.

[Sidenote: Dolphin or Mermaid.]

++Delphin{us} is a mo{n}ster of the see, & it hath no voyce, but it singheth lyke a man / and towarde a tempest it playeth vpon the water. Some say whan they be taken that they wepe. The delphin hath none cares for to here / nor no nose for to smelle / yet it smelleth very well & sharpe. And it slepeth vpon the water very hartely, that thei be hard ronke a farre of / and thei leue C.xl. yere. & they here gladly play{n}ge on instrumentes, as lutes / harpes / tabours / and pypes. They loue their yonges very well, and they fede them lo{n}ge with the mylke of their pappes / & they haue many yonges, & amonge the{m} all be .ij. olde ones, that yf it fortuned one of {th}e yonges to dye, tha{n} these olde ones wyll burye them depe in the gorwnd [_sic_] of the see / because othere fisshes sholde nat ete thys dede delphyn; so well they loue theyr yonges. There was ones a kinge {tha}t had take{n} a delphin / whyche he caused to be bounde w{i}t{h} chaynes fast at a hauen where as the shippes come in at / & there was alway the pyteoust wepynge / and lamentynge, that the kinge coude nat for pyte / but let hym go agayne.

Cap. xxxi.

[Sidenote: Echeola, a Muscle.]

++Echeola is a muskle / in whose fysshe is a precious stone / & be night they flete to the water syde / and there they receyue the heuenly dewe, where throughe there groweth in the{m} a costly margaret or orient perle / & they flete a great many togeder / & he {tha}t knoweth {th}e water best / gothe before & ledeth the other / & whan he is taken, all the other scater a brode, and geteth them away.

Cap. xxxvi.

[Sidenote: Echinus.]

++Echyn{us} is a lytell fysshe of half a fote longe / & hath sharpe prykcles vnder his bely in stede of fete.

Cap. xxxvii.

[Sidenote: Esox.]

++Ezox is a very grete fisshe in that water danowe be the londe of hu{n}garye / he is of suche bygnes that a carte with .iiij. horses can nat cary hym awaye / and he hath nat many bones, but his hede is full / and he hath swete fisshe lyke a porke, and whan this fysshe is taken, tha{n}ne geue hym mylke to drynke, and ye may carye hym many a myle, and kepe hym longe quicke.

xxxviii.

[Sidenote: Phocas. Kills his wife and gets another.]

++Focas is a see bulle, & is very stro{n}ge & dangerous / and he feghteth euer with his wyf tyll she be dede / and whan he hath kylled her, than he casteth her out of his place, & seketh another, and leueth with her very well tyl he dye / or tyll his wyfe ouercome him and kylle hy{m} / he bydeth alway in one place / he and his yonges leue be suche as they can

[Sidenote: Halata. Takes her young out of her womb to look at
’em.]

gete. ¶ Halata is a beste that dothe on-naturall dedys / for wha{n} she feleth her yo{n}ges quycke, or stere in her body / tha{n} she draweth the{m} out & loketh vpon the{m} / yf she se they be to yo{n}ge, tha{n} she putteth the{m} in agayne, & lateth them grow tyll they be bygger.

Cap. xl.

[Sidenote: Sword-Fish.]

++Gladi{us} is a fisshe so named because he is mouthed after the fascyo{n} of a sworde poynt / and ther-fore often tymes he perseth {th}e shyppes thorough, & so causeth them to

[Sidenote: Gastarios.]

be drowned. Aristotiles. Gastarios is a fisshe lyke the scorpion / and is but lytell greter than a spyder / & it styngeth many fisshes w{i}t{h} her poyson so that they ca{n} nat endure nowhere / and he styngeth the dolphin on the hede {tha}t

[Sidenote: Glaucus.]

it entreth in-to {th}e brayne. ¶ Isidorus. Glaucus is a whyte fissh that is but selden sene except in darke rayne weder / and is nat in season but in the howndes dayes.

Cap. xli.

[Sidenote: _Gudgeon._]

++Gobio is a smale longe fissh with a rou{n}de body / full of scales and litell blacke spottys / and some saye they leue of drou{n}de caryo{n} / & the fisshers say contrarye, {tha}t they leue in clere watere in sandye graueil / and it is a holsom

[Sidenote: Gravus.]

mete. ¶ Grauus is a fisshe that hath an iye aboue on hys hede, and therw{i}t{h} he loketh vp, and saueth hym from the{m} that wyll eat hym.

liii.

[Sidenote: _Pike:_ eats venomous beasts; is begotten by a West
Wind.]

++Lucius is a pike / a fisshe of {th}e riuer w{i}t{h} a wyde mouthe & sharpe teth: whan {th}e perche spieth him / he turneth his tayle towardes him / & than {th}e pike dare nat byte him because of his finnes, or he can nat swalowe him because he is so sharpe / he eteth venimo{us} bestes, as todes, frogges, & suche like; yet it is sayde {tha}t he is very holsom for seke peple. He eteth fisshes almost as moche as himselfe / wha{n} they be to bigge, tha{n} he byteth the{m} in ij. peces, & swaloweth the one halfe first, & tha{n} the other / he is engendered w{i}t{h} a westerne wynde.

Cap. lvii.

[Sidenote: Sea-Mouse Musculus is the cock of Balena.]

++Mus marin{us}, the see mouse, gothe out of the water, & there she laith her egges in a hole of the erthe, & couereth the eges, & goth her way & bydeth frome them xxx. dayes, and than commeth agayne and oncouereth them, & than there be yo{n}ges, and them she ledeth into {th}e water, & they be first al blynde. Muscul{us} is a fisshe {tha}t layth harde shellis, and of it the great monster balena receyueth her nature, & it is

[Sidenote: Sea-weazle.]

named to be the cocke of balena. Mustela is the see wesyll / she casteth her yonges lyke other bestes / & whan she hath cast them, yf she perceiue that they shall be fou{n}de, she swaloweth them agayne into her body, and than seketh a place wher as they may be surer without dau{n}ger / & than she speweth them out agayne.

Cap. lix.

[Sidenote: _Lamprey._ Must be boiled in wine.]

++Murena is a lo{n}ge fisshe w{i}t{h} a weke skinne lyke a serpent / & it conceyueth of the serpe{n}t vipera / it liueth longest in the tayle, for wha{n} that is cut of, it dyeth inco{n}tinent / it must be soden in gode wyne w{i}t{h} herbes & spices, or ellis it is very dau{n}gero{us} to be eten, for it hath many venymous humours, and it is euyll to disieste.

Cap. lxi.

[Sidenote: Mulus: has 2 beards.]

++Mulus is a see fysshe {tha}t is smale of body / & is only a mete for gentils: & there be many maners of these / but the best be those {tha}t haue ij. berdes vnd{er} the mouthe / & whan it is fayre weder, than they waxe fatte / whan he is dede than he is of many colours.

Cap. lxiiij.

[Sidenote: Nereids.]

++Nereydes be monsters of {th}e see, all rowghe of body / & whan any of them dyeth, tha{n} the other wepe. of this is spoke{n} in balena, the .xiiij. chapter.

[Sidenote: Orchun. Is Balene’s deadly enemy.]

¶ ++Orchu{n} is a monster of {th}e se / whose lykenes can nat lightely be shewed / & he is mortal e{n}nemye to {th}e balene, & tereth asonder the bely of the balene / & the balene is so boystous {tha}t he can nat turne hym to defende him, and {tha}t costeth him his lyfe / for as sone as he feleth hi{m} selfe wou{n}ded, than he si{n}keth doune to the botom of the water agayne / & the Orchu{n} throweth at him w{i}t{h} stones / & thus balena endith his lyfe.

Cap. lxvi.

[Sidenote: Pearl-Oyster.]

++Ostreñ is an oyster that openeth his shell to receyue {th}e dewe & swete ayre. In {th}e oyster groweth naturall orient perles that oftentymes laye on the see stronde, & be but lytell regarded, as Isidorus saith.

Cap. lxvij.

[Sidenote: Pagrus.]

++Pagrus is a fisshe that hath so harde tethe {tha}t he byteth {th}e oyster shelles in peces, & eteth out the fisshe of the{m}.

[Sidenote: Sea-Peacock.]

Nota. Pauus maris is the Pecocke of the Se, & is lyke the pecocke of the londe, bothe his backe, necke, & hede / & the

[Sidenote: Percus.]

nether body is fisshe Nota. Percus is of diuers colours, & swift in ro{n}nynge in {th}e water, & hathe sharpe finnes, & is a

[Sidenote: Pecten: winks.]

holsome mete for seke people. Pecten is a fisshe that is in sandy grou{n}de, & wha{n} he is meued or stered, he wynketh.

Cap. lxx.

[Sidenote: Pinna. How he catches small fishes.]

++Pinna is a fisshe {tha}t layeth alwaye in the mudde, and hathe alway a lodisma{n}, & some name it a lytel hoge, & it hathe a rou{n}de body, & it is in a shell lyke a muscle; it layth in the mone as it were dede, gapyng open / and than the smale fisshes come into his shel, weni{n}g of him to take their repaste / but whan he feleth {tha}t his shell is almoste ful / than he closeth his mouthe, & taketh them & eteth them / & parteth

[Sidenote: _Plaice._]

them amo{n}ge his felowes. The playce is well knowen fisshe, for he is brode & blake on the one syde, and whyte on the other.

Cap. lxvij.

[Sidenote: Polippus.]

++Polippus hath gret strength in his fete / what he therin cacheth, he holdeth it fast / he spri{n}geth somtyme vp to the shippes syde, & snacheth a ma{n} w{i}t{h} him to the grou{n}de of the see, & there eteth him / & that {tha}t he leueth, he casteth it out of his denne agayn / they be moche in the se about Venis / & he is taken in barellis where hartys hornes be layd in / for he is gladly be those hornes.

Cap. lxxvij.

[Sidenote: Rumbus.]

++Rumbus is a great fisshe stronge & bolde / but he is very slow in swi{m}mi{n}ge, therfor can he gete his mete but soberly w{i}t{h} swi{m}myng / therfor he layth him down in the grou{n}de or mudde, & hideth him there / and all the fisshes that he can ouercome / co{m}mynge forby him, he taketh and eteth them.

Cap. lxxviij.

[Sidenote: Rubus.]

++Rubus is a fisshe of the grekes se & of the sees of ytaly / they be rou{n}de lyke a ringe, & haue many rede spottes / & is full of sharpe finnes & pinnis / he is slow in swi{m}mynge because he is so brode / he gothe be the grou{n}de, & wayteth there his praye / & suche fisshes as he can gete he burieth in

[Sidenote: Ryache.]

the sandes, & it is a very swete fisshe. Ryache be fisshes that be rou{n}de / somtyme they be in length & brede two cubites / & it hath a long tayle / theron be sharpe pinnes / & it is slowe in swi{m}mynge.

Cap. lxxix.

[Sidenote: _Salmon._]

++Salmo is a fysshe engendred in the swete water, & he waxeth longe & gret / & also he is heuy / & his colour nor sauour is nat gode tyll he haue ben in the salt wat{er} & proued it / thus draweth the samon to the water agaynst {th}e streme; he neuer seaseth tyll he haue ben i{n} the se and returned agayn to

[Textnote: [A ? fleshe.]]

his olde home, as Phisiologua saith / his fisshe[A] is rede, & he may nat liue in a swet sta{n}dinge water / he must be in a fresshe riuer that he may playe up and dou{n}e at his plesure.

[Sidenote: Salpa. _Stockfish?_]

++Salpa is a fowle fisshe and lytell set by / for it will neuer be ynough for no maner of dressinge tyll it haue ben beten with grete hamers & staues.

Cap. lxxij.

[Sidenote: Serra. Cuts through ships with his fins.]

++Serra is a fysshe with great tethe, and on his backe he hathe sharpe fynnes lyke the combe of a cocke / and iagged lyke a sawe wherew{i}t{h} thys monstrous fisshe cutteth a ship thorough, & whan he seeth a shippe co{m}mynge, than he setteth vp his fi{n}nes & thi{n}keth to sayl with the shippe as fast as it / but whan he seeth that he can nat co{n}tinue / tha{n} he latteth his finnes fall agayn & destroieth the shippe with

[Sidenote: Scylla.]

the people, and tha{n} eteth the dede bodyes. Nota. Scilla is a monster in the see betwene Italye & Sicill / it is great ennemye vnto ma{n}. It is faced & handed lyke a gentylwoman / but it hath a wyde mouthe & ferfull tethe / & it is belied like a beste, & tayled lyke a dolphin / it hereth gladly singinge. It is in the wat{er} so stronge that it can nat be ouercome / but on {th}e lond it is but weke.

Cap. lxxxiij.

[Sidenote: Siren. Siren is like an eagle below, sings sweet songs
to mariners, and tears them to pieces.]

++Syrene, the mermayde is a dedely beste that bringeth a man gladly to dethe / frome the nauyll vp she is lyke a woman w{i}t{h} a dredfull face / a long slymye here, a grete body, & is lyke the egle i{n} the nether parte / haui{n}ge fete and tale{n}tis to tear asonder suche as she geteth / her tayl is sealed like a fisshe / and she singeth a maner of swete song, and therwith deceyueth many a gode mariner / for wha{n} they here it, they fall on slepe co{m}monly / & than she co{m}meth, and draweth them out of the shippe, and tereth them asonder / they bere their yo{n}ges in their armes, & geue them souke of their papis whiche be very grete, ha{n}ginge at their brestis / but {th}e wyse maryners stoppe their eares whan they se her / for whan she playth on the wat{er}, all they be in fear, & than they cast out an empty to{n}ne to let her play w{i}t{h} it tyll they be past her / this is specifyed of the{m} {tha}t haue sene it. Ther be also in

[Sidenote: +Sirens, serpents.+]

some places of arabye, serp{n}tis named sirenes, that ronne faster than an horse, & haue wynges to flye.

[Cap. lxxxv.]

[Sidenote: Solaris.]

++Solaris is a fishe so named because it is gladly be the londes syde in the so{n}ne / he hathe a great hede, a wyde mouth, & a blake skine, & slipper as an ele / it waxeth gret, & is gode

[Sidenote: _Sole._]

to be eten. Solea is the sole, that is a swete fisshe and holsom for seke people.

Cap. lxxxvi.

[Sidenote: Solopendria.]

++Solope{n}dria is a fisshe / whan he hathe swalowed i{n} an angle, than he spueth out al his guttes till he be quyt of

[Sidenote: Sea-Scorpion.]

the hoke / and than he gadereth i{n} all his guttes agayne. The[A] Scorpion of the see is so named because wha{n} he is taken in any mannys handes he pricketh him w{i}t{h} his stinge of his tayle. Plini{us} saith that the dede creuyce that layeth on the drye sonde be the see syde, beco{m}meth scorpyons.

[Text note: [A _orig._ Tge]]

Cap. lxxxix.

[Sidenote: _Sturgeon._ Eats no food, has no mouth, grows fat on
east wind. Has no bones in his body.]

++Sturio / the sturgio{n} is a gret fisshe in the ro{n}ninge waters / and he taketh no fode i{n} his body, but lyueth of {th}e styl and swete ayres therfore he hathe a small bely / w{i}t{h} a hede and no mouthe, but vnder his throte he hathe a hole {tha}t he closeth whan he wyll / he openeth it whan it is fayre weder / & with an east wynde he waxeth fat / and whan that the north winde bloweth, than falleth he to the grou{n}de / it is a fisshe of ix. fote longe whan he is ful growen / he hath whyte swete flesshe & yolow fatte / & he hathe no bone in all his body but only in his hede.

Cap. xcij.

[Sidenote: _Tench._]

++Tecna is a tenche of the fresshe water, and is fedde in the mudde lyke {th}e ele / & is moche lyke of colours: it is a

[Sidenote: Tintinalus.]

swete fisshe, but it is euyll to disiest. ¶ Tintinalus is a fayre mery fisshe, & is swete of sauour, & well smellinge lyke the

[Sidenote: Torpedo.]

tyme, where of it bereth the name. ¶ ++Torpido is a fisshe. but who-so handeleth hym shalbe lame & defe of ly{m}mes / that he shall fele no thyng / & it hathe a maner of Squitana {tha}t is spoke{n} of in {th}e lxxxiiii. chapter[1], and his nature.

Cap. xciij.

[Sidenote: _Trout._]

[Textnotes:
[A _for_ Trutta]
[B ? flesshe]]

... ¶ ++Trncka[A] / the trowte is a fisshe of the ryuer, & hathe scales, & vpo{n} his body spottys of yelow and blodye coloure. & his fisshe[B] is rede frome {th}e monthe of July to the monthe of Noue{m}ber / and is moche sweter than {th}e fresshe samo{n}; and all the other part of the yere his fisshe[B] is whyte.

Cap. xcv.

[Sidenote: Testudo.]

++Testudo is a fysshe in a shelle / & is in {th}e se of Inde / & his shelle is very great & like a muskle / & be nyght they go out for theyr mete / & whan they haue eten theyr bely full / tha{n} they slepe swy{m}mi{n}g vpon the wat{er}. tha{n} ther come iij. fisshers botes / of {th}e wiche .iij. twayn take one of these muskles. Solinus sayth. {tha}t this muskle hathe his vppermest shell so brode that it may couere a howse / where many folke may hyde them vnder / And it gothe out the wat{er} vpon the londe / & there it layth an hondred egges as grete as gose eggis / and couer the{m} w{ith} erth / & oftentymes be night it gothe to the eggys & layeth vpo{n} the{m} w{i}t{h} her brest, & than become they yo{n}ges.

[This copy of Admiral Swinburne’s _Andrewe_ ends with the next column of this page, sign. v. i. back, with an illustration not headed, but which is that to Cap. xcvij.]

[Footnote 1: Squatin{us} is a fisshe in {th}e se, of fiue cubites
longe: his tayle is a fote brode, & he hideth him in the slimy
mudde of {th}e se, & marreth al other fisshes that come nigh him:
it hath so sharpe a ski{n}ne that in som places they shaue wode
with it, & bone also / on his ski{n}ne is blacke short here. The
nature hathe made him so harde that he can nat almoste be persed
with nouther yron nor stele.]

[Note to _Balena_, p. 115. þar [in þe se of Brytain] buþ ofte
ytake dolphyns & se-calves, & _balenes_, (gret fysch, as hyt were
of whaales kinde) & dyvers manere schyl-fysch, among þe whoche
schyl-fysch buþ moskles þat habbeþ wiþynne ham margey perles of al
manere colour of huȝ, of rody & red, of purpre & of bluȝ, &
specialych & moost of whyte. Trevisa’s Higden, in Morris’s
_Specimens_, p. 334. For ‘the cocke of Balena’ see Musculus,
p. 119, above; and for its ‘mortal ennemye,’ Orchun, p. 120.]

* * * * *
* * * *

Erratum:

Cap. xl. [xv]

* * * * *
* * * *
* * * * *

Contents of this Section [added by transcriber]

Wilyam Bulleyn on Boxyng and Neckeweede 124
Andrew Borde on Sleep, Rising, and Dress 128
William Vaughan’s Fifteen Directions to preserve Health 133
The Dyet for every Day
(from Sir John Harington’s Schoole of Salerne) 138
On Rising, Diet, and Going to Bed (from the same) 140
Recipes (for Fritters, Jussell, and Mawmeny) 145
Recipes (for Hares and Conies in Civeye, and for Doucettes) 146

* * * * *
* * * *

Wilyam Bulleyn on

Boxyng & Neckeweede.

(From _The Booke of Compoundes_, fol. lxviii.)

_Sicknes._

Will boxyng doe any pleasure?

_Health._

Yea forsothe, verie moche: As example, if you haue any [a]sausie loughte, or loitryng lubber within your house, that is either to busy of his hand or tongue: and can do nothing but plaie one of the partes of the .24. orders of knaues. [b]There is no pretier medicen for this, nor soner prepared, then boxyng is: iii. or .iiii. tymes well set on, a span long on bothe the chekes. And although perhaps this will not alter his lubberly condicio{n}s, yet I assure you, it wil for a time chau{n}ge his knauishe complexio{n}, and helpe him of the grene sicknes: and euery man maie practise this, as occasion shall serue hym in his familie, to reforme them. _Bulleins Bulwarke of Defence_, 1562.

[Sidenote: [a] For saucy louts, [b] the best cure is Boxing.]

(From _The booke of Simples_, fol. xxvii. back.)

_Marcellus._

There is an herbe whiche light fellowes merily will call [a] Gallowgrasse, Neckeweede, or the Tristrams knot, or Saynt Audres lace, or a bastarde brothers badge, with a difference on the left side, &c. you know my meaning.

_Hillarius._

What, you speake of Hempe? mary, you t{e}rme it with manie pretie names. I neuer heard the like termes giuen to any simple, as you giue to this; you cal it neckwede. A, well, I pray you, woulde you know the propertie of this [b] Neckeweede in this kinde? beinge chaunged into such a lace, this is his vertue. Syr, if there be any yonkers troubled with idelnesse and loytryng, hauyng neither learnyng, nor willyng handes to labour: or that haue studied Phisicke so longe that [c] he or they can giue his Masters purse a Purgacion, or his Chist, shoppe, and Countinghouse, a strong vomit; yea, if he bee a very cunning practicioner in false accomptes, he may so suddenly and rashely minister, that he may smite his Father, his Maister, or his friende &c. into a sudden incurable consumption, that he or they shall neuer recouer it againe, but be vtterly vndone, and cast either into miserable pouertie, prisonment, bankeroute &c. If this come to passe, then the [1: Fol. xxviii.] best rewarde for this practicioner, is this Neckeweede: [d] if there be any swashbuckler, common theefe, ruffen, or murtherer past grace, y^e nexte remedie is this Lace or Corde. For them which neuer loued concored, peace nor honestie, this wil ende all the mischief; this is a purger, not of Melancholy, but a finall banisher of [e] all them that be not fit to liue in a common wealth, no more then Foxes amonge sheepe, or Thistles amonge good Corne, hurters of trew people. This Hempe, I say, passeth the new Diat, bothe in force and antiquitee. [f] If yonge wantons, whose parentes haue left them fayre houses, goods and landes, whiche be visciously, idle, vnlearnedly, yea or rather beastly brought vp: [g] after the death of their saied parentes, their fruites wil spryng foorth which they haue learned in their wicked youthe: then bankets and brothels will approche, [h] the Harlots will be at hande, with dilightes and intisementes, the Baude will doe hir diligence, robbyng not onlie the pursses, but also the hartes of suche yongemen, whiche when they be trapped, can neuer skape, one amonge an hundredth, vntill Hempe breaketh the bande amonge these loytring louers. [i] The Dice whiche be bothe smalle and light, in respecte vnto the Coluering, or double Cannon shotte or Bollet, yet with small force and noyse can mine, break downe, and destroy, and caste away their one Maisters houses, faire feldes, pleasaunt Woddes, and al their money, yea frendes and al together, this can the Dice do. And moreouer, [k] can make of worshipfull borne Gentilmen, miserable beggars, or theefes, yet for the time “a-loft syrs, hoyghe childe and tourne thee, what should youth do els: [l] I-wisse, not liue like slaues or pesantes, but all golden, glorious, may with dame Venus, my hartes delight” say they. “What a sweete heauen is this: Haue at all, kockes woundes, bloud and nayles, caste the house out at the window, and let the Diuell pay the Malte man: a Dogge hath but a day, a good mariage will recouer all together:” or els with a Barnards blowe, [m] lurkyng in some lane, wodde, or hill top, to get that with falshead in an hower, whiche with trueth, labour, & paine, hath bene gathered for perhappes .xx. yeares, to the vtter vndoyng of some honest familie. Here thou seest, gentle Marcellus, a miserable Tragedie of a wicked shamelesse life. I nede not bring forth the example of the Prodigall childe. Luke .xvi. Chapter, whiche at length came to grace: It is, I feare me, in vaine to talke of him, [n] whose ende was good; but a greate nomber of these flee from grace, and come to endes moste vngracious, finished only life by this [o] Hempe. Although sometime the innocente man dieth that way, through periurie for their one propper gooddes, as Naboth died for his owne Vineyarde, miserable in the eies of the worlde, but precious in the sight of God. This is one seruice whiche Hempe doeth.

[Sidenotes:
[a] The names of Hemp.
[b] Neckweed (a halter) [c] is good for thievish apprentices,
[d] for swashbucklers past grace, [e] and all scamps.
[f] Also for young spendthrifts [g] who after their parents’ death
[h] waste their all with harlots [i] and in gambling [k] which
makes men beggars, or thieves.
[l] A life of reckless debauchery [m] and robbery [n] ends with
[o] Hemp.]

[a] Also this worthy noble herbe Hempe, called _Cannabis_ in Latten, can not bee wanted in a common wealth, [b] no Shippe can sayle without Hempe, y^e sayle clothes, the shroudes, staies, tacles, yarde lines, warps & Cables can not be made. [c] No Plowe, or Carte can be without ropes [1: Fol. xxviii.b.] halters, trace &c. [d] The Fisher and Fouler muste haue Hempe, to make their nettes. [e] And no Archer can wante his bowe string: and the Malt man for his sackes. With it the belle is rong, to seruice in the Church, with many mo thynges profitable whiche are commonly knowen of euery man, be made of Hempe.

[Sidenotes:
[a] The use of Hemp [b] to the Sailor, [c] Plowman, [d] Fisher and
[e] Archer.]

* * * * *
* * * *

Andrew Borde on

Sleep, Rising, and Dress.

[From his +Regyment+, ? 1557.]

[Fol. E.i.] Whole men of what age or complexion so euer they be of, shulde take theyr naturall rest and slepe in the nyght: and to eschewe merydyall sleep. But and nede shall compell a man to slepe [a] after his meate: let hym make a pause, and than let hym stande & lene and [b] slepe agaynst a cupborde, or els let hym sytte upryght in a chayre and slepe. Slepynge after a full stomacke doth ingendre dyuers infyrmyties, it doth hurte the splene, it relaxeth the synewes, it doth ingendre the dropses and the gowte, and doth make a man looke euyll colored. [Fol. E.i.b.] Beware of veneryous actes before the fyrste slepe, and specyally beware of suche thynges after dyner or after a full stomacke, for it doth ingendre the crampe and the gowte and other displeasures. [c] To bedwarde be you mery, or haue mery company ahoute you, so that to bedwarde no angre, nor heuynes, sorowe, nor pensyfulnes, do trouble or dysquyet you. [d] To bedwarde, and also in the mornynge, vse to haue a fyre in your chambre, to wast and consume the euyl vapowres within the chambre, for the breath of man may putryfye the ayre within the cha{m}bre: I do advertyse you not to stande nor to sytte by the fyre, [e] but stande or syt a good way of from the fyre, takynge the flauour of it, for fyre doth aryfie and doth drye vp a mannes blode, and doth make sterke the synewes and ioyntes of man. [f] In the nyght let the wyndowes of your howse, specyallye of your cha{m}bre, be closed. Whan you [Fol. E.ii.] be in your bedde,[1] [f] lye a lytle whyle on your lefte syde, and slepe on your ryght syde. And whan you do wake of your fyrste slepe, make water yf you feel your bladder charged, & than slepe on the lefte side; and looke as ofte as you do wake, so oft turne your selfe in the bedde from one syde to theother. [g] To slepe grouellynge vpon the stomacke and bely is not good, oneles the stomacke be slowe and tarde of dygestion; but better it is to laye your hande, or your bedfelowes hande, ouer your stomacke, than to lye grouellynge. [h] To slepe on the backe vpryght[2] is vtterly to be abhorred[1]: whan that you do slepe, let not your necke, nother your sholders, nother your ha{n}ds, nor feete, nor no other place of your bodye, lye bare vndiscouered. Slepe not with an emptye stomacke, nor slepe not after that you haue eaten meate one howre or two after. In your bed lye with your head somwhat hyghe, leaste that the [* Fol. E. ii.b.] meate whiche is in your stomacke, thorowe eructuacions or some other cause, ascende to the oryfe (_sic_) of the stomacke. [i] Letyour nyght cap be of scarlet: and this I do aduertyse you, to cause to be made a good thycke quylte of cotton, or els of [k] pure flockes or of cleane wolle, and let the couerynge of it be of whyte fustyan, and laye it on the fetherbed that you do lye on; and in your bed lye not to hote nor to colde, but in a temporaunce. Olde auncyent Doctors of physicke sayth .viii. howres of slepe in so{m}mer, and ix. in wynter, is suffycent for any man: but I do thynke that slepe oughte to be taken as the complexion of man is. [l] Whan you doryse in the mornynge, ryse with myrth and remembre God. Let your hosen be brusshed within & without, and flauer the insyde of them agaynst the fyre; vse lynnen sockes, [m] or lynnen hosen nexte your legges: whan you be out of your bedde, [n] stretche forth your [Fol. E. iii.] legges & armes, & your body; cough, and spytte, and than [o] go to your stoole to make your egestyon, and exonerate youre selfe at all tymes, that nature wolde expell. For yf you do make any restryction in kepynge your egestyon or your vryne, or ventosyte, it maye put you to dyspleasure in breadynge dyuers infyrmyties.After you haue euacuated your bodye, & [p] trussed your poyntes,[3] kayme your heade oft, and so do dyuers tymes in the day. [q] And wasshe your ha{n}des & wrestes, your face, & eyes, and your teeth, with colde water; and after y^t you be apparayled, [r] walke in your gardyn or parke, a thousande pase or two. And than great and noble men doth vse to here masse, & other men that can not do so, but muste applye theyr busynes, doth [s] serue god w{i}t{h} some prayers, surrendrynge thankes to hym for hys manyfolde goodnes, with askynge mercye for theyr offences. And before you go to your refecti[Fol. E. iii.b.]on, moderatly exercise your body with some labour, or [t] playeng at the tennys, or castyng a bowle, or paysyng weyghtes or plo{m}mettes of leede in your handes, or some other thyng, to open your poores, & to augment naturall heate. [v] At dyner and supper[4] vse not to drynke sundry drynkes, and eate not of dyuers meates: but [x] feede of .ii. or .iii. dysshes at the moste. After that you haue dyned and supte, laboure not by and by after, but make a pause, syttynge or standynge vpryght the space of an howre or more with some pastyme: drynke not moch after dyner. [y] At your supper, vse lyght meates of dygestyon, and refrayne from grose meates; go not to bed with a full nor an emptye stomacke. And after your supper make a pause or you go to bed; and go to bed, as I sayde, with myrth.

[Sidenotes:
[a] After Dinner, sleep standing [b] against a cupboard.
[c] Before bedtime be merry.
[d] Have a fire in your bedroom, [e] but stand a good way off it.
[f] Shut your windows.
[f] Lie first on your left side.
[g] To sleep groveling on the belly, is bad; [h] on the back
upright, is worse.
[i] Wear a scarlet nightcap.
[k] Have a flock bed over your featherbed.
[l] On rising, remember God, brush your breeches, put on [m] your
hose, [n] stretch, [o] go to stool.
[p] Truss your points, comb your head, [q] wash your hands and
face, [r] take a stroll, [s] pray to God.
[t] Play at tennis, or wield weights.
[v] At meals, [x] eat only of 2 or 3 dishes; [y] let supper-dishes
be light.]