Chapter IV: The Development to Humanity

1. THE CONCEPT 'HUMANITY' Herder's idea of humanity as the goal of
history--The concepts 'mankind' and 'human nature'--Humanity as a
value-concept--The idea of a cultural community of mankind and its
developmental forms.

2. WORLD EMPIRES The empires of Egypt and of Western Asia--The
monarch as ruler of the world--The ruler as deity--Apotheosis
of deceased rulers--Underlying cause of formation of
empires--Disappearance of world empires from history.

3. WORLD CULTURE The world dominion of Alexander--Greek
as the universal language--Writing and speech as factors
of culture--Travel as symptomatic of culture--Hellenistic
world culture and its results--The culture of the
Renaissance--Cosmopolitanism and individualism.

4. WORLD RELIGIONS Unity of the world of gods--Cult of Æsculapius
and cults of the beyond--Their transition into redemption
cults--Buddhism and Christianity--Development of the idea of a
superpersonal deity--The incarnate god as the representative of
this deity--Three aspects of the concept 'representative.'

5. WORLD HISTORY Twofold significance of the concept
'history'--History as self-conscious experience--The rôle of
will in history--Prehistoric and historic periods--Influence of
world culture and world religions on the rise of the historical
consciousness--The philosophy of history--Its relation to a
psychological history of the development of mankind.

INDEX

ELEMENTS OF FOLK PSYCHOLOGY