Chapter D: S. M

DAVID SAMUEL MARGOLIOUTH, M.A., D.LITT.

Laudian Professor of Arabic, Oxford. Fellow of New College. Author
of _Arabic Papyri of the Bodleian Library_; _Mohammed and the Rise
of Islam_; _Cairo, Jerusalem and Damascus_.

Mahomet.

E. A. J.
E. ALFRED JONES.

Author of _Old English Gold Plate_; _Old Church Plate of the Isle
of Man_; _Old Silver Sacramental Vessels of Foreign Protestant
Churches in England_; _Illustrated Catalogue of Leopold de
Rothschild's Collection of Old Plate_; _A Private Catalogue of the
Royal Plate at Windsor Castle_; &c.

Mace.

E. Bn.
EDUARD BERNSTEIN.

Member of the German Reichstag, 1902-1906. Author of _Zur Theorie
und Geschichte des Socialismus_; &c.

Marx.

E. C. B.
RT. REV. EDWARD CUTHBERT BUTLER, O.S.B., D.LITT. (Dubl.).

Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of the _Lausiac History of
Palladius_, in "Cambridge Texts and Studies."

Mabillon;
Maurists;
Mechitharists.

E. G.
EDMUND GOSSE, LL.D., D.C.L.

See the biographical article: GOSSE, EDMUND.

Loti, Pierre;
Lyrical Poetry;
Macaronics;
Madrigal (_in verse_);
Maeterlinck.

E. Gr.
ERNEST ARTHUR GARDNER, M.A.

See the biographical article: GARDNER, PERCY.

Mantinela (_in part_);
Marathon (_in part_).

E. G. R.
ERNEST GEORGE RAVENSTEIN, M.A., PH.D.

Professor of Geography at Bedford College, London, 1882-1883.
Formerly in Topographical (now Intelligence) Department of the War
Office. Author of _The Russians on the Amur_; _A Systematic
Atlas_; &c.

Map (_in part_).

E. H. M.
ELLIS HOVELL MINNS, M.A.

University Lecturer in Palaeography, Cambridge. Lecturer and
Assistant Librarian at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Formerly
Fellow of Pembroke College.

Massagetae.

E. L. W.
SIR EDWARD LEADER WILLIAMS (1828-1910).

Formerly Vice-President, Institute of Civil Engineers. Consulting
Engineer, Manchester Ship Canal. Chief Engineer of the Manchester
Ship Canal during its construction. Author of papers printed in
_Proceedings of Institute of Civil Engineers_.

Manchester Ship Canal.

E. M. T.
SIR EDWARD MAUNDE THOMPSON, G.C.B., I.S.O., D.C.L., LITT.D., LL.D.

Director and Principal Librarian, British Museum, 1898-1909.
Sandars Reader in Bibliography, Cambridge, 1895-1896. Hon. Fellow
of University College, Oxford. Correspondent of the Institute of
France and of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences. Author of
_Handbook of Greek and Latin Palaeography_. Editor of _Chronicon
Angliae_.

Manuscript.

E. O.*
EDMUND OWEN, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.SC.

Consulting Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the
Children's Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the
Legion of Honour. Late Examiner in Surgery at the Universities of
Cambridge, London and Durham. Author of _A Manual of Anatomy for
Senior Students_.

Lung;
Lupus;
Mammary Gland: _Diseases_.

E. Pr.
EDGAR PRESTAGE.

Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of
Manchester. Examiner in Portuguese in the Universities of London,
Manchester, &c. Commendador, Portuguese Order of S. Thiago.
Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon
Geographical Society, &c. Editor of _Letters of a Portuguese Nun_;
_Azurara's Chronicle of Guinea_; &c.

Macedo;
Manuel de Mello.

E. R. B.
EDWYN ROBERT BEVAN, M.A.

Formerly Scholar of New College, Oxford. Author of _House of
Seleucus_; _Jerusalem under the High Priests_.

Macedonian Empire;
Lysimachus.

E. Tn.
REV. ETHELRED LUKE TAUNTON (d. 1907).

Author of _The English Black Monks of St Benedict_; _History of
the Jesuits in England_.

Loyola.

E. W. B. N.
EDWARD WILLIAMS BYRON NICHOLSON, M.A.

Librarian of the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Principal Librarian and
Superintendent of the London Institution, 1873-1882. Author of
_Keltic Researches_.

Mandevllle, Sir John.

F. A. P.
FREDERICK APTHORP PALEY, LL.D.

See the biographical article: PALEY, F. A.

Lucian.

F. C. C.
FREDERIC CORNWALLIS CONYBEARE, M.A., D.TH. (Giessen).

Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University
College, Oxford. Author of _The Ancient Armenian Texts of
Aristotle_; _Myth, Magic and Morals_; &c.

Manichaeism (_in part_).

F. G. M. B.
FREDERICK GEORGE MEESON BECK, M.A.

Fellow and Lecturer in Classics, Clare College, Cambridge.

Lothian.

F. G. P.
FREDERICK GYMER PARSONS, F.R.C.S., F.Z.S., F.R. ANTHROP. INST.

Vice-President, Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Lecturer on Anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital and the London School
of Medicine for Women. Formerly Hunterian Professor at the Royal
College of Surgeons.

Lymphatic System (_in part_);
Mammary Gland: _Anatomy_.

F. J. H.
FRANCIS JOHN HAVERFIELD, M.A., LL.D.

Camden Professor of Ancient History at Oxford University. Fellow
of Brasenose College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy.
Member of the German Imperial Archaeological Institute. Formerly
Senior Censor, Student, Tutor and Librarian of Christ Church,
Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1906. Author of Monographs on Roman
History, &c.

Lugudunum;
Mancunium.

F. J. S.
FREDERICK JOHN SNELL, M.A.

Balliol College, Oxford. Author of _The Age of Chaucer_; &c.

Lydgate.

F. K.
FERNAND KHNOPFF.

See the biographical article: KHNOPFF, FERNAND E. J. M.

Madou.

F. Ll. G.
FRANCIS LLEWELLYN GRIFFITH, M.A., PH.D., F.S.A.

Reader in Egyptology, Oxford University. Editor of the
Archaeological Survey and Archaeological Reports of the Egypt
Exploration Fund. Fellow of Imperial German Archaeological
Institute.

Luxor;
Manetho.

F. Po.
SIR FREDERICK POLLOCK, BART., LL.D., D.C.L.

See the article: POLLOCK (family).

Maine, Sir Henry.

F. R. C.
FRANK R. CANA.

Author of _South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union_.

Mandingo.

F. W. R.*
FREDERICK WILLIAM RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S.

Curator and Librarian at the Museum of Practical Geology, London,
1879-1902. President of the Geologists' Association, 1887-1889.

Magnetite;
Malachite.

G. A. Gr.
GEORGE ABRAHAM GRIERSON, C.I.E., PH.D., D.LITT. (Dublin).

Indian Civil Service, 1873-1903. In charge of Linguistic Survey of
India, 1898-1902. Gold Medallist, Royal Asiatic Society, 1909.
Vice-President of the Royal Asiatic Society. Formerly Fellow of
Calcutta University. Author of _The Languages of India_; &c.

Marathi.

G. Br.
REV. GEORGE BRYCE, M.A., D.D., LL.D., F.R.S. (Canada).

President of the Royal Society of Canada. Head of Faculty of
Science and Lecturer in Biology and Geology in Manitoba
University, 1891-1904. Author of _Manitoba_; _A Short History of
the Canadian People_; &c.

Manitoba (_in part_).

G. B. S.
GEORGE BARNETT SMITH.

Author of _William I. and the German Empire_; _Life of Queen
Victoria_; &c.

Macmahon.

G. C. L.
GEORGE COLLINS LEVEY, C.M.G.

Member of Board of Advice to Agent-General of Victoria. Formerly
Editor and Proprietor of the _Melbourne Herald_. Secretary to
Commissioners for Victoria at the Exhibitions in London, Paris,
Vienna, Philadelphia and Melbourne.

McCulloch, Sir James.

G. G.*
GEORGE GLADDEN.

Associate Editor of _Current Literature_, 1904-1905. Editor of
Biography, _New International Encyclopaedia_, 1901-1904,
1906-1907, and _New International Year Book_, 1907-1908; &c.

Martha's Vineyard.

G. G. S.
GEORGE GREGORY SMITH, M.A.

Professor of English Literature, Queen's University of Belfast.
Author of _The Days of James IV._; _The Transition Period_;
_Specimens of Middle Scots_; &c.

Lyndsay, Sir David.

G. H. C.
GEORGE HERBERT CARPENTER, B.SC.

Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin.
Author of _Insects: their Structure and Life_.

May-Fly (_in part_).

G. R. P.
GEORGE ROBERT PARKIN, LL.D., D.C.L.

See the biographical article: PARKIN, GEORGE ROBERT.

Macdonald, Sir John Alexander.

G. Sa.
GEORGE SAINTSBURY, LL.D., D.C.L.

See the biographical article: SAINTSBURY, GEORGE E. B.

Maistre, Joseph de;
Malherbe, Franois de;
Marguerite de Valois;
Marivaux, Pierre;
Marot, Clement.

G. W. T.
REV. GRIFFITHES WHEELER THATCHER, M.A., B.D.

Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew
and Old Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford.

Luqman;
Mahommedan Religion;
Mandaeans (_in part_);
Maqqari;
Maqrizi;
Mas'udi.

H. B. Wo.
HORACE BOLINGBROKE WOODWARD, F.R.S., F.G.S.

Formerly Assistant Director, Geological Survey of England and
Wales. Wollaston Medallist, Geological Society. Author of _The
History of the Geological Society of London_; &c.

Lyell, Sir Charles.

H. Cl.
SIR HUGH CHARLES CLIFFORD, K.C.M.G.

Colonial Secretary, Ceylon. Fellow of the Royal Colonial
Institute. Formerly Resident, Pahang. Colonial Secretary, Trinidad
and Tobago, 1903-1907. Author of _Studies in Brown Humanity_;
_Further India_; &c. Joint-author of _A Dictionary of the Malay
Language_.

Malacca;
Malay Peninsula;
Malays;
Malay States: _Federated_.

H. C. H.
REV. HORACE CARTER HOVEY, A.M., D.D.

Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
Geological Society of America, National Geographic Society and
Société de Spéléologie (France). Author of _Celebrated American
Caverns_; _Handbook of Mammoth Cave of Kentucky_; &c.

Luray Cavern;
Mammoth Cave.

H. De.
REV. HIPPOLYTE DELEHAYE S.J. S.J.

Bollandist. Joint-editor of the _Acta Sanctorum_.

Lucia, St;
Marcellinus, St;
Margaret, St;
Martyrology.

H. E. S.*
HORACE ELISHA SCUDDER (D. 1902).

Formerly Editor of the _Atlantic Monthly_. Author of _Life of
James Russell Lowell_; _History of the United States_; &c.

Lowell, James Russell.

H. Fr.
HENRI FRANTZ.

Art Critic, _Gazette des Beaux-Arts_ (Paris).

Manet.

H. Le.
HERBERT MARTIN JAMES LOEWE, M.A.

Queen's College, Cambridge. Curator of Oriental Literature,
University Library, Cambridge. Formerly Chief English Master at
the Schools of the Alliance at Cairo and Abyassiyyeh, Egypt.
Author of _Kitab el Ansab of Samani_; &c.

Maimonides.

H. Lb.
HORACE LAMB, M.A., LL.D., D.SC, F.R.S.

Professor of Mathematics, University of Manchester. Formerly
Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge. Member
of Council of Royal Society, 1894-1896. Royal Medallist, 1902.
President of London Mathematical Society, 1902-1904. Author of
_Hydrodynamics_; &c.

Mechanics: _Theoretical_.

H. L. H.
HARRIET L. HENNESSY, M.D. (BRUX.), L.R.C.S.I., L.R.C.P.I.

Malaria (_in part_).

H. M. S.
HENRY MORSE STEPHENS, M.A., LITT.D.

Balliol College, Oxford. Professor of History in the University of
California. Author of _History of the French Revolution_; &c.

Maintenon, Madame de;
Mazarin.

H. S.*
SIR HERBERT STEPHEN, BART., M.A., LL.M.

Trinity College, Cambridge. Barrister-at-Law. Clerk of Assize for
the Northern Circuit.

Lytton, 1st Earl of.

H. St.
HENRY STURT, M.A.

Author of _Idola Theatri_; _The Idea of a Free Church_; _Personal
Idealism_; &c.

Lotze (_in part_).

H. W. C. D.
HENRY WILLIAM CARLESS DAVIS, M.A.

Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford. Fellow of All Souls'
College, Oxford, 1895-1902. Author of _England under the Normans
and Angevins_; _Charlemagne_.

Mandeville, Geoffrey de;
Marsh, Adam;
Matilda, Queen;
Matthew of Paris.

H. W. R.*
REV. HENRY WHEELER ROBINSON, M.A.

Professor of Church History in Rawdon College, Leeds. Senior
Kennicott Scholar, Oxford, 1901. Author of _Hebrew Psychology in
Relation to Pauline Anthropology_ (in _Mansfield College Essays_);
&c.

Malachi (_in part_).

H. Y.
SIR HENRY YULE, K.C.S.I., C.B.

See the biographical article: YULE, SIR HENRY.

Mandeville, Sir John (_in part_);
Marignolli (_in part_).

I. A.
ISRAEL ABRAHAMS, M.A.

Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature in the University of
Cambridge. Formerly President, Jewish Historical Society of
England. Author of _A Short History of Jewish Literature_; _Jewish
Life in the Middle Ages_; _Judaism_; &c.

Luria;
Luzzatto, Moses Hayim;
Luzzatto, Samuel David;
Mapu;
Marano.

J. A. C.
SIR JOSEPH ARCHER CROWE, K.C.M.G.

See the biographical article: CROWE, SIR J. A.

Mabuse.

J. A. S.
JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS.

See the biographical article: SYMONDS, J. A.

Machiavelli;
Manutius.

J. A. V.*
JOHN AUGUSTUS VOELCKER, M.A., PH.D., F.I.C., F.L.S.

Consulting Chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society of England,
&c. Author of _The Woburn Experiments_; &c.

Manures.

J. Bt.
JAMES BARTLETT.

Lecturer on Construction, Architecture, Sanitation, Quantities,
&c., at King's College, London. Member of Society of Architects.
Member of Institute of Junior Engineers.

Masonry.

J. C. R. C.
SIR JOHN CHARLES READY COLOMB, K.C.M.G.

See the biographical article: COLOMB, P. H.

Marines.

J. D. B.
JAMES DAVID BOURCHIER, M.A., F.R.G.S.

King's College. Cambridge. Correspondent of The Times in
South-Eastern Europe. Commander of the Orders of Prince Danilo of
Montenegro and of the Saviour of Greece, and Officer of the Order
of St Alexander of Bulgaria.

Macedonia.

J. F.-K.
JAMES FITZMAURICE-KELLY, LITT.D., F.R.HIST.S.

Gilmour Professor of Spanish Language and Literature, Liverpool
University. Norman McColl Lecturer, Cambridge University. Fellow
of the British Academy. Member of the Council of the Hispanic
Society of America. Knight Commander of the Order of Alphonso XII.
Author of _A History of Spanish Literature_.

Lull, Raimon;
Maupassant.

J. Ga.
JAMES GAIRDNER, C.B., LL.D.

See the biographical article: GAIRDNER, JAMES.

Mary I., Queen.

J. G. Sc.
SIR JAMES GEORGE SCOTT, K.C.I.E.

Superintendent and Political Officer, Southern Shan States. Author
of _Burma_; _The Upper Burma Gazetteer_.

Mandalay.

J. Hn.
JUSTUS HASHAGEN, PH.D.

Privatdozent in Medieval and Modern History, University of Bonn.
Author of _Das Rheinland unter die franzosische Herrschaft_.

Louis I. and II. of Bavaria.

J. H. F.
JOHN HENRY FREESE, M.A.

Formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.

Lycaon.

J. H. R.
JOHN HORACE ROUND, M.A., LL.D. (EDIN.).

Author of _Feudal England_; _Studies in Peerage and Family
History_; _Peerage and Pedigree_.

Lord Great Chamberlain;
Mar, Earldom of;
Marquess.

J. Hl. R.
JOHN HOLLAND ROSE, M.A., LITT.D.

Christ's College, Cambridge. Lecturer on Modern History to the
Cambridge University Local Lectures Syndicate. Author of _Life of
Napoleon I._; _Napoleonic Studies_; _The Development of the
European Nations_; _The Life of Pitt_; chapters in the _Cambridge
Modern History_.

Lowe, Sir Hudson;
Maret.

J. I.
JULES ISAAC.

Professor of History at the Lycée of Lyons.

Louis XII. of France.

J. J. T.
SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON, D.SC., LL.D., PH.D., F.R.S.

Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics and Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge. President of the British Association,
1909-1910. Author of _A Treatise on the Motion of Vortex Rings_;
_Application of Dynamics to Physics and Chemistry_; _Recent
Researches in Electricity and Magnetism_; &c.

Magneto-Optics;
Matter.

J. L. W.
JESSIE LAIDLAY WESTON.

Author of _Arthurian Romances unrepresented in Malory_.

Malory, Sir Thomas;
Map, Walter.

J. M. Gr.
JAMES MONCRIEFF GRIERSON, C.B., C.M.G., C.V.O.

Major-General, R.A. Commanding 1st Division Aldershot Command.
Director of Military Operations at Headquarters, 1904-1906. Served
through South African War, 1900-1901. _Author of Staff Duties in
the Field_; &c.

Manoevres, Military.

J. M. M.
JOHN MALCOLM MITCHELL.

Sometime Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Lecturer in Classics,
East London College (University of London). Joint-editor of
Grote's _History of Greece_.

Mandeville, Bernard de;
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.

J. P. P.
JOHN PERCIVAL POSTGATE, M.A., LITT.D.

Professor of Latin in the University of Liverpool. Fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge. Fellow of the British Academy. Editor
of the _Classical Quarterly_. Editor-in-chief of the _Corpus
Poetarum Latinorum_; &c.

Lucan (_in part_).

Jno. S.
SIR JOHN SCOTT, K.C.M.G., D.C.L. (1841-1904).

Deputy Judge Advocate-General to the Forces, 1898-1904. Judicial
Adviser to the Khedive of Egypt, 1890-1898. Hon. Fellow of
Pembroke College, Oxford.

Martial Law.

J. Si.*
REV. JAMES SIBREE, F.R.G.S.

Principal Emeritus, United College (L.M.S. and F.F.M.A.),
Antanànarivo, Madagascar. Membre de l'Académie Malgache. Author of
_Madagascar and its People_; _Madagascar before the Conquest_; _A
Madagascar Bibliography_; &c.

Madagascar;
Mauritius.

J. S. Bl.
JOHN SUTHERLAND BLACK, M.A., LL.D.

Assistant-editor of the 9th edition of the Encyclopaedia
Britannica. Joint-editor of the _Encyclopaedia Biblica_.

Mary: Mother of Jesus (_in part_).
Mazzini.

J. S. Co.
JAMES SUTHERLAND COTTON, M.A.

Editor of the Imperial Gazetteer of India. Hon. Secretary of the
Egyptian Exploration Fund. Formerly Fellow and Lecturer of Queen's
College, Oxford. Author of _India_; &c.

Mahrattas (_in part_).

J. S. F.
JOHN SMITH FLETT, D.SC, F.G.S.

Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on
Petrology in Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby Medallist of the Geological Society
of London.

Marble;
Marl.

J. T. Be.
JOHN THOMAS BEALBY.

Joint-author of Stanford's _Europe_. Formerly Editor of the
_Scottish Geographical Magazine_. Translator of Sven Hedin's
_Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet_; &c.

Maritime Province (_in part_).

J. T. C.
JOSEPH THOMAS CUNNINGHAM, M.A., F.Z.S.

Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London.
Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Assistant Professor
of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh and Naturalist
to the Marine Biological Association.

Mackerel (_in part_).

J. T. M.
JOHN THEODORE MERZ, LL.D., PH.D., D.C.L.

Chairman of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Electric Supply Co., Ltd.
Author of _History of European Thought in the XIXth Century_; &c.

Lotze (_in part_).

J. T. S.*
JAMES THOMSON SHOTWELL, PH.D.

Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City.

Louis VI., VII., IX., X. and XI. of France.

J. V.*
JULES VIARD.

Archivist at the National Archives, Paris. Officer of Public
Instruction, France. Author of _La France sous Philippe VI de
Valois_; &c.

Lore, Ambroise de;
Louvet, Jean;
Marcel, Étienne.

J. V. B.
JAMES VERNON BARTLET, M.A., D.D. (St Andrews).

Professor of Church History, Mansfield College, Oxford. Author of
_The Apostolic Age_; &c.

Mark, St (_in part_);
Matthew, St;
Luke, St.

K. G. J.
KINGSLEY GARLAND JAYNE.

Sometime Scholar of Wadham College, Oxford. Matthew Arnold
Prizeman, 1903. Author of _Vasco da Gama and his Successors_.

Malay Archipelago.

K. K.
KONRAD KESSLER, PH.D.

Formerly Professor of Semitic Languages at the University of
Greifswald.

Mandaeans (_in part_).

K. L.
REV. KIRSOPP LAKE, M.A.

Lincoln College, Oxford. Professor of Early Christian Literature
and New Testament Exegesis in the University of Leiden. Author of
_The Text of the New Testament_; _The Historical Evidence for the
Resurrection of Jesus Christ_; &c.

Mary, Mother of Jesus (_in part_).

K. S.
KATHLEEN SCHLESINGER.

Editor of Portfolio of Musical Archaeology. Author of _The
Instruments of the Orchestra_.

Lute (_in part_);
Lyre (_in part_);
Mandoline.

L. J. S.
LEONARD JAMES SPENCER, M.A., F.G.S.

Assistant, Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, South
Kensington. Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge,
and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the _Mineralogical Magazine_.

Manganite;
Marcasite.

L. V.*
LUIGI VILLARI.

Italian Foreign Office (Emigration Dept.). Formerly Newspaper
Correspondent in East of Europe. Author of _Italian Life in Town
and Country_; &c.

Mazzini: _Bibliography_.