Chapter XI: Palmerston and the Revolution of '48 (4)

[878] _Ibid._, p. 198.

[879] R. Arnaud, _Adelaïde d'Orléans_, p. 348.

[880] Thureau-Dangin, _La Monarchie de Juillet_, VI. pp. 220-221.

[881] _Letters of Queen Victoria_, Aberdeen to Peel, September 8, 1845.

[882] H. Bulwer, _Life of Palmerston_, III. pp. 268-276. _Correspondence relating to the marriages of the Queen and Infanta of Spain_, Palmerston to Normanby, September 22, 1846.

[883] Afterwards Commander-in-Chief of the Austrian army in Bohemia in the war with Prussia in 1866.

[884] _State Papers_, XXXV. pp. 1069-1071.

[885] Metternich, _Mémoires_, VII. p. 282.

[886] F.O. France 757, Normanby to Palmerston, November 20, 1846.

[887] _State Papers_, XXXV. pp. 1082-1095.

[888] Thureau-Dangin, _Monarchie de Juillet_, VII. p. 276.

[889] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy_, Abercromby to Palmerston, January 12, 1847. Metternich, _Mémoires_, VII. pp. 228-245.

[890] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy_, Scarlett to Aberdeen, June 18, 1846; Hamilton to Aberdeen, June 30, 1846.

[891] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy_, Scarlett to Palmerston, April 17, 1847.

[892] Thureau-Dangin, _La Monarchie de Juillet_, VII. pp. 230-231.

[893] _Correspondence relating to affairs of Italy_, Cowley to Palmerston, July 17, 31, 1846.

[894] Guizot, _Mémoires_, VIII. pp. 342-356.

[895] F.O. France 778, Normanby to Palmerston, February 26, 1847 (private and confidential).

[896] The despatches contained in F.O. Spain 720-727 afford abundant evidence of this.

[897] H. Bulwer, _Life of Palmerston_, III. pp. 199-200.

[898] _Revue Retrospective._ His name frequently occurs among those in receipt of secret service money. For his mission to Vienna, he appears to have received 10,000 francs.

[899] Metternich, _Mémoires_, VIII. pp. 395-404; Thureau-Dangin, _La Monarchie de Juillet_, VII. pp. 239-240.

[900] _Ibid._, pp. 388-404.

[901] _Ibid._, pp. 404-405 (note), Guizot à Metternich, 7 novembre, 1847, "J'ai appris avec grand plaisir que la santé de Votre Altesse était excellente; J'en fais mon compliment a l'Europe."

[902] Metternich, _Mémoires_, VIII. pp. 228-229, Metternich à Buol, 29 mai, 1846.

[903] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy_, Abercromby to Palmerston, June 10, 1847; Hamilton to Palmerston July 20, 1847; Clinton Dawkins to Palmerston, July 17, 1847, Hamilton to Palmerston, July 25, 1847; Palmerston to Ponsonby, September 27, 1847.

[904] Ferrara was in the Papal States, but Austria had the right of garrisoning _la place de Ferrare_.

[905] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy_, Hamilton to Palmerston, August 14, 1847.

[906] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy_, Abercromby to Palmerston, August 19, 1847.

[907] _Ibid._, Abercromby to Palmerston, August 24, 1847.

[908] _Ibid._, Metternich to Diedrichstein, August 2, 1847. In this despatch occurs the famous sentence, "Italy is a geographical expression."

[909] _Ibid._, Ponsonby to Palmerston, July 30, 1847.

[910] _Ibid._, Palmerston to Ponsonby, August 12, 1847.

[911] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy_, Palmerston to Ponsonby, September 11, 1847.

[912] A secretary of the British legation at Florence resided at Rome, and directed his reports to the minister at Florence.

[913] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy_, Normanby to Palmerston, April 19, 1847; Palmerston to Normanby, April 27, 1847; Normanby to Palmerston, April 30, 1847.

[914] T. Martin, _Life of the Prince Consort_, I. pp. 428-434. Prince Albert's _Memorandum_ is dated, Ardverikie, August 29, 1847.

[915] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy_, Palmerston to Minto, September 18, 1847.

[916] Guizot, _Mémoires_, VIII. pp. 434-435.

[917] _Correspondence relating to affairs of Switzerland_, Cowley to Aberdeen, February 3, 21, 1845; Gordon to Aberdeen, February 19, 1845.

[918] F.O. France 756, Normanby to Palmerston, October 23, 1846 (secret and confidential). Metternich, _Mémoires_, VII. pp. 178-180.

[919] Metternich, _Mémoires_, VII. pp. 451-466.

[920] Metternich, _Mémoires_, VII. pp. 335-336; Metternich à Apponyi, 20 juin, 1847.

[921] G. Grote, _Seven letters on the recent politics of Switzerland_ (originally published in _Spectator_), London, 1847.

[922] G. Grote, _Seven letters on the recent politics of Switzerland_, pp. 173 and 181.

[923] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland_, Palmerston to Ponsonby, August 9, 17, 1847; Palmerston to Normanby, August 17, 1847.

[924] _Ibid._, Minto to Palmerston, October 4, 1847; Peel to Palmerston, October 14, 1847.

[925] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland_, Palmerston to Minto, September 18, 1847.

[926] Mrs. Rosslynn Wemyss, _Memoirs and letters of Sir R. Morier_, I. p. 38.

[927] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland_, Morier to Aberdeen, June 4, November 25, 1844.

[928] Mrs. Rosslynn Wemyss, _Memoirs and letters of Sir R. Morier_, p. 53.

[929] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland_, Morier to Palmerston, February 18, 1847 (enclosure).

[930] _Ibid._, Minto to Palmerston, October 4, 1847; Palmerston to Minto, October 22, 1847.

[931] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland_, Palmerston to Peel, October 29, 1847; Peel to Palmerston, November 4, 6, 1847.

[932] _Ibid._, Guizot à Broglie, 4 novembre, 1847.

[933] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland_, Palmerston to Normanby, November 16, 1847.

[934] _Ibid._, Normanby to Palmerston, November 18, 1847; Palmerston to Normanby, November 19, 1847; Broglie à Guizot, 20 novembre, 1847; Guizot à Broglie, 19 novembre, 1847; Howard to Palmerston, November 21, 1847; Palmerston to Broglie, November 26, 1847; Howard to Palmerston, November 22, 1847; Metternich, _Mémoires_, VII. pp. 493-502.

[935] F.O. France 783, Normanby to Palmerston, November 6 (cypher), 8, 1847 (private and confidential). Guizot, _Mémoires_, VIII. pp. 468-502.

[936] Thureau-Dangin, _La Monarchie de Juillet_, VII. pp. 186-198.

[937] _Cambridge Modern History_, XI. p. 250.

[938] Mrs. Rosslynn Wemyss, _Memoirs and letters of Sir R. Morier_, I. p. 38.

[939] Guizot, _Mémoires_, VIII. pp. 506-508.

[940] One private letter was certainly written by Palmerston to Peel. It is dated November 17, 1847, marked _private_, and begins--"My dear Sir." Peel is asked to ascertain privately, "throwing out the idea as his own," in what light the Diet would regard the proposal of mediation which Palmerston informs him, in confidence, he has just sent to Paris. He then proceeds to warn him to be on his guard against M. de Bois-le-Comte. "Keep well with him," he says, "but it is well that you should know he is one of the most artful, cunning and intriguing of the French diplomatists." (F.O. Switzerland 92).

[941] C. Greville, _Journals_ (2), I. p. 364 (note).

[942] F.O. Switzerland 94, Peel to Palmerston, November 6, 1847.

[943] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland_, Palmerston to S. Canning, November 27, December 1, 1847.

[944] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Switzerland_, Hervey to Palmerston, December 3, 1847.

[945] _Ibid._, Peel to Palmerston, December 7, 1847; Canning to Palmerston, December 8, 11, 1847.

[946] _Correspondence relating to the affairs of Italy_, Minto to Palmerston, October 29, 1847

[947] _Ibid._, Minto to Palmerston, October 5, November 9, 1847.

[948] _Ibid._, Metternich to Diedrichstein, December 14, 1847.

[949] Metternich, _Mémoires_, VII. p. 476.

[950] Metternich, _Mémoires_, VII. pp. 513-530.

[951] As a result of the conference at Laybach in 1821 Austria received a mandate to intervene at Naples and to abolish the constitution wrung from Ferdinand. The congress of Verona in 1822 preceded a French intervention in Spain for the purpose of restoring the absolute rule of Ferdinand VII.

[952] Thureau-Dangin, _La Monarchie de Juillet_, VII. p. 210.

[953] Guizot, _Mémoires_, VIII. pp. 513-515. Metternich, _Mémoires_, VII. pp. 563, 564.

[954] Notably the trial and conviction of MM. Teste and de Cubières, ex-ministers, for fraud in connection with a mining concession and the murder of the Duchesse de Choiseuil-Praslin by her husband. The Duke, a peer of France, took poison in prison. The Duchess was the daughter of Marshal Sébastiani.

[955] F.O. France 781 Normanby to Palmerston, July 30, 1847 (private and confidential).

[956] Stockmar, _Memoirs_, II. p. 203.

[957] F.O. France 781, Normanby to Palmerston, July 30, 1847 (private and confidential).

[958] E. Regnault, _Histoire de huit ans_, III. pp. 308-309. Thureau-Dangin, _La Monarchie de Juillet_, VII. pp. 232-294.

[959] F.O. France 700, Cowley to Aberdeen, December 23, 1844 (private and confidential). C. Greville, _Journals_ (2), II. p. 267.

[960] L. Fagan, _Life of Sir A. Panizzi_, I. pp. 253-254.

[961] _Letters of Queen Victoria_, Palmerston to Melbourne, December 26, 1845.

[962] C. Greville, _Journals_ (2), III. p. 40, also pp. 16-49.

[963] L. Fagan, _Life of Sir A. Panizzi_, I. pp. 208-248.

[964] E. Regnault, _Histoire de huit ans_, III. pp. 190-198.

[965] Thureau-Dangin, _La Monarchie de Juillet_, VII. pp. 115-148.

[966] E. Regnault, _Histoire de huit ans_, III. p. 304.

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End of Project Gutenberg's England and the Orleans Monarchy, by John Hall