Chapter VII: Sultan and Pasha

Efforts to prevent a renewal of the struggle between
the Sultan and the Pasha--Strained relations between Great
Britain and Russia--Wellington and the Dardanelles--Ponsonby
at Constantinople--Durham at St. Petersburg--M. Thiers--M. de
Lesseps--Secret negotiations--General Chrzanowski--The Pasha's
monopolies--Ponsonby negotiates a commercial treaty--Indian
government occupies Aden--Importance of the victories of
Mehemet Ali over the Wahabites--The Pasha announces his
intention of declaring his independence--Russia and the
Court of Teheran--The Shah lays siege to Herat--Palmerston
protests--Disavowal of Simonitch and Witkewitch--The general
situation in the East--Mahmud resolves on war--Policy
of Lord Palmerston--French government obtains a credit
of 10 millions of francs--Harmony of French and British
relations--Self-restraint of Mehemet Ali--Ibrahim defeats
the Turks at Nezib--Death of Mahmud and suspension of
hostilities--The Turkish fleet treacherously surrendered to
Mehemet Ali--Strange conduct of the French admiral--France
seeks to isolate Russia--The _Collective Note of July 27,
1839_--Satisfaction of Palmerston and uneasiness of the
French government--Conversation between Bulwer and Louis
Philippe--Palmerston does not share in the general illusion
respecting the military strength of the Pasha--Brunnow's
mission to London--The Treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi--France
scouts the Russian proposal--The French party in the
English Cabinet--Return of Brunnow--Palmerston's letter to
Sébastiani--Guizot in London--Thiers, President of the Council
and Minister for Foreign Affairs--Guizot's despatches--Thiers
mediates in the sulphur dispute--Remains of the Emperor to be
removed to France--Proceedings of "Bear" Ellice--Metternich
alarmed--Palmerston accepts the Austrian proposal--Attitude of
M. Thiers--M. Coste and the French agents at Constantinople
and Cairo--Princess Lieven in London--Palmerston tenders his
resignation--Insurrection in Syria--The Quadrilateral Treaty of
July 15, 1840--Palmerston informs Guizot of the treaty 219-278