Chapter II: Greek Prefixes (2)

To do good to them that hate us, and, on no occasion, to seek
revenge, is the duty of a Christian.

The polite, accomplished libertine, is but miserable amidst all his
pleasures: the rude inhabitant of Lapland is happier than him.

There are principles in man, which ever have, and ever will, incline
him to offend.

This is one of the duties which requires great circumspection.

They that honor me, them will I honor.

Every church and sect have opinions peculiar to themselves.

Pericles gained such an ascendant over the minds of the Athenians,
that he might be said to attain a monarchical power in Athens.

Thou, Lord, who hath permitted affliction to come upon us, shall
deliver us from it in due time.

That writer has given us an account of the manner in which
Christianity has formerly been propagated among the heathens.

Though the measure be mysterious, it is not unworthy of your
attention.

In his conduct was treachery, and in his words, faithless
professions. After I visited Europe, I returned to America.

I have not, nor shall not, consent to a proposal so unjust.

I had intended yesterday to have walked out, but I have been again
disappointed.

Five and eight makes thirteen; five from eight leaves three.

If he goes to Saratoga next week, it will make eight times that he
has visited that renowned watering place.

I could not convince him, that a forgiving disposition was nobler
than a revengeful one. I consider the first, one of the brightest
virtues that ever was or can be possessed by man.

The college consists of one great, and several smaller edifices.

He would not believe, that honesty was the best policy.

The edifice was erected sooner than I expected it to have been.

Surely, goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life;
and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever.

If a man have a hundred sheep, and one of them be gone astray, doth
he not leave the ninety and nine, &c.?

He might have completed his task sooner, but he could not do it
better.

The most ignorant and the most savage tribes of men, when they have
looked round on the earth, and on the heavens, could not avoid
ascribing their origin to some invisible, designing cause, and felt
a propensity to adore their Creator.

* * * * *

CRITICAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS.

OBSERVATION 1. The following absurd phrases so common in the sacred desk and elsewhere, should be carefully avoided by all who regard common sense:--"Sing the _two first_ and _three last_ verses." Just as if there could be more than _one_ first and _one_ last. There may be a _first two_, a _second two_, &c.; a _first three_, a _second three_, a _last three_. "Within the _two last_ centuries;" "The second syllable of the _three first_ words;" "The _three first_ of these orthoepists have no rule by which their pronunciation is regulated:"--"the _last two_ centuries;" "the _first three_ words;" "the _first three_ of these orthoepists."

2. Adjectives should not be used to express the manner of action. "The higher the river, the _swifter_ it flows;" "James learns _easier_ than Juliet; he sees _deeper_ into the millstone than she:"--"the _more swiftly_ it flows;" "learns _more easily_; _farther_ into the millstone." "He conducted the _boldest_ of any:"--"the _most boldly_."

3. _More_ requires _than_ after it. The following sentences are therefore improper: "He was more beloved, but not so much admired, _as_ Cinthio;" "Richard is more active, but not so studious, _as_ his companion." The legitimate mode of supplying the ellipses in these constructions, will show their gross impropriety: thus, "He was more beloved _as_ Cinthio;" "Richard is more active _as_ his companion," &c.

4. Adverbs, as illustrated on page 85, are generally _substitutes_ for two or more words belonging to other parts of speech. "Will you accompany me to Europe next summer?" _"Yes."_ "Do you believe that the voyage will restore your health?" _"No."_ In these examples, the adverbs _yes_ and _no_, are substitutes for whole sentences, and, therefore, do not qualify any words understood. _Yes_, in this instance, literally means, _"I will accompany you to Europe next summer;"_ and _no_, _"I do not believe that the voyage will restore my health."_ Many other adverbs are often employed in a similar manner.

_"Firstly,"_ is often improperly used instead of the adverb _first;_ "a _good deal_," instead of, _much_, or, a _great deal_.

5. A nice distinction should be observed in the use of _such_ and _so_. The former may be employed in expressing _quality_; the latter, in expressing a _degree_ of the quality; as, "_Such_ a temper is seldom found;" "_So_ bad a temper is seldom found." In the following examples, _so_ should be used instead of _such:_ "He is _such_ an extravagant young man, that I cannot associate with him;" "I never before saw _such_ large trees."

The affected use of cardinal, instead of ordinal numbers, ought not to be imitated. "On page _forty-five;"_ "Look at page _nineteen_;"--_forty-fifth, nineteenth_.

6. In the choice and application of prepositions, particular regard should be paid to their meaning as established by the idiom of our language and the best usage. "In my proceedings, I have been actuated from the conviction, that I was supporting a righteous cause;" "He should have profited from those golden precepts;" "It is connected to John with the conjunction _and_;" "Aware that there is, in the minds of many, a strong predilection in favor of established usages;" "He was made much on at Argos;" "They are resolved of going;" "The rain has been falling of a long time;" "It is a work deserving of encouragement." These examples may be corrected thus, "actuated _by_ the conviction;" "_by_ those golden precepts;" "_by_ the conjunction and;" "predilection _for_;" "much _of_ at Argos;" "_on_ going;" "falling a long time;" "deserving encouragement."

7. The preposition _to_ is used before nouns of place, where they follow verbs or participles of motion; as, "I went _to_ Washington." But _at_ is employed after the verb _to be_; as, "I have been _at_ Washington;" "He has been _to_ New York, _to_ home," &c. are improper. The preposition _in_ is set before countries, cities, and large towns; "He lives _in_ France, _in_ London, _in_ Philadelphia, _in_ Rochester." But before single houses, and cities and villages which are in distant countries, _at_ is commonly used; as, "He lives _at_ Park-place;" "She resides _at_ Vincennes." People in the northern states may say, "They live _in_ New Orleans, or, _at_ New Orleans."

8. Passive agents to verbs in the infinitive mood, should not be employed as active agents. The following are solecisms: "This house to let;" "Horses and carriages to let;" "Congress has much business to perform this session;" because the agents, _house_, _horses_ and _carriages_, and _business_, which are really _passive_, are, according to these constructions, rendered as active. The expressions should be, "This house to _be_ let;" "Horses and carriages to _be_ let;" "much business to _be performed_."

9. AMBIGUITY.--"Nothing is more to be desired than wisdom." Not _literally_ correct, for _wisdom_ is certainly more to be desired than _nothing_; but, as a figurative expression, it is well established and unexceptionable.

"A crow is a large black bird:"--a large, _black--bird_.

"I saw a horse--fly through the window:"--I saw a _horsefly_.

"I saw a ship gliding under full sail through a spy glass." I saw, through a spy glass, a ship gliding under full sail.

"One may see how the world goes with half an eye." One may see with half an eye, how the world goes.

"A great stone, that I happened to find, after a long search, by the sea shore, served me for an anchor." This arrangement of the members and circumstances of this sentence, confines the speaker's _search to the sea shore;_ whereas, he meant, "A _large stone, which,_ after a long search, I happened _to find by the sea shore,_ served me for an anchor."

"I shall only notice those called personal pronouns." I shall notice _only_ those called personal pronouns.

10. TAUTOLOGY.--Avoid words which add no thing to the sense; such as, "_Now_ extant, _free_ gratis, _slow_ mope, _cold_ snow, a _hot_ sun, a _flowing_ stream, a _dull_ blockhead, _wise_ sages." "I am just going to go there;" I am _about_ to go.

11. ABSURDITIES AND IMPROPRIETIES.--"I can learn him many things."

It ought to be, "I can _teach_ him." To _learn_, is to _acquire_ or _receive_ information; to _teach_, means to _communicate_ it.

"I don't think it is so." You _do think_, that it is _not_ so.

_Ever, always._ "I have ever been of this mind." I have _always_ been. _Ever_ and _always_ are not synonymous. _Ever_ refers to _one_ indefinite period of time; as, "If he _ever_ become rich:" _always_ means _at all times_.

_Excuse, pardon._ The former signifies to release from an obligation which refers to the future; the latter, to forgive a neglect or crime that is past. "Excuse me for neglecting to call yesterday:" _pardon_ me.

_Remember, recollect._ We _remember_ a thing which we retain in our mind; we _recollect_ it, when, though having gone from the mind, we have power to call it back.

_Defect, deficiency._ A thing which is incomplete in any of its parts, is _defective;_ a total absence of the thing, is a _deficiency_.

This subject will be resumed in the appendix to this work.

* * * * *

CORRECTIONS IN ORTHOGRAPHY.

From among those words which are often erroneously spelled, the following are selected and corrected according to Johnson, and to Cobb's Dictionary.

INCORRECT. CORRECT. Abridgement Abridgment abscision abcission achievment achievement adze addice agriculturalist agriculturist ancle ankle attornies attorneys baise baize bason basin bass base bombazin bombasin boose bouse boult bolt buccaneer bucanier burthen burden bye by calimanco calamanco camblet camlet camphire camphor canvas canvass carcase carcass centinel sentinel chace chase chalibeate chalybeate chamelion chameleon chimist chemist chimistry chemistry cholic colic chuse choose cimetar cimeter clench clinch cloke cloak cobler cobbler chimnies chimneys chesnut chestnut clue clew connection connexion corset corslet cypher cipher cyphering ciphering dactyl dactyle develope develop dipthong diphthong dispatch despatch doat dote drouth drought embitter imbitter embody imbody enquire inquire enquirer inquirer enquiry inquiry ensnare insnare enterprize enterprise enthral inthrall entrench intrench entrenchment intrenchment entrust intrust enwrap inwrap epaulette epaulet etherial ethereal faggot fagot fasset faucet fellon felon fie fy germ germe goslin gosling gimblet gimlet grey gray halloe halloo highth height hindrance hinderance honied honeyed impale empale inclose enclose inclosure enclosure indict endict indictment endictment indorse endorse indorsement endorsement instructor instructer insure ensure insurance ensurance judgement judgment laquey lackey laste last licence license loth loath lothsome loathsome malcontent malecontent maneuver manoeuvre merchandize merchandise misprison misprision monies moneys monied moneyed negociate negotiate negociation negotiation noviciate novitiate ouse ooze opake opaque paroxism paroxysm partizan partisan patronize patronise phrenzy phrensy pinchers pincers plow plough poney pony potatoe potato quere query recognize recognise reindeer raindeer reinforce re-enforce restive restiff ribbon riband rince rinse sadler saddler sallad salad sceptic skeptic sceptical skeptical scepticism skepticism segar cigar seignor seignior serjeant sergeant shoar shore soothe sooth staunch stanch streight straight suitor suiter sythe scythe tatler tattler thresh thrash thwak thwack tipler tippler tranquility tranquillity tripthong triphthong trissyllable trisyllable valice valise vallies valleys vise vice vollies volleys waggon wagon warrantee warranty whoopingcough hoopingcough woe wo yeast yest

CORRECTIONS IN ORTHOEPY.

The following words being often erroneously pronounced by polite people, as well as by the vulgar, their correction, in this place, agreeably to _Cobb's Dictionary_, it is presumed, will be useful to many. Some of the mispronunciations given are _provincial_.

1 2 3 4 1 4 1 4 1 3 5 6 1 4 Fate, far, fall, fat--me, met--pine, pin--no, nor, not, move--tube, tub, 7 34 37 bull--oil--found---_th_in--THIS.

ORTHOGRAPHY. IMPROPER. PRONOUNCED.
4 1 4 4
Again a-gane' a-gen'
4 1 4 4
Against a-ganste' a-genst
4 1 4 1
Ally al'le al'li'
1 2
Are are ar
4 4 1 1
Azure azh'ur a'zhure
1 1
Bade bade bad
1 11
Beard bard beerd
4 11 4
Been ben or been bin
22 11
Bleat blaat bleet
1 34
Boil bile boil
4 4 5 4
Bonnet bun'net bon'nit
2 66
Brooch brotsh brootsh
4 3 4 4
Canal ka-nawl' ka-nal'
4 4
Catch ketsh katsh
4 1 3 1
Causeway kros'wa kawz'wa
4 4 1 4
Chalice kal'is tshal'is
4 1
Chasten tshas'tn tshase'sn
4 1 4 1
Chimney tshim'ble tshim'ne
3 1
Chine tshime tshine
34 1
Choir koir kwire
4 4 1 1
Clevy klev'is klev've
4 4
Clinch klensh klinsh
5 4 5 4
Column kol'yum kol'lum
5 4 4 4
Combat kom'bat kum'bat
5 1 5 4
Comma kom'me kom'ma
1 4 3 4
Coquet ko-kwet' ko-ket'
3 1
Corps korps kore
4 4 4 4
Cover kiv'ur kuv'ur
11 4
Deaf deef def
1 4 4 1 1 4
Decisive de-sis'iv de-si'siv
1 5 1 1
Depot de'pot de-po'
4 1 1 1 1
Depute dep'u-tize de-pute'
4 1 1 1 1 4
Deputed dep'u-tizd de-pu'ted
1 1 1 1
Design de-zine' de-sine'
4 4
Dint dent dint
1 5 4
Docile do'slle dos'sil
4 4 4 4
Disgust dis-gust' diz-gust'
4 1 4 1
Dismay dis-ma' diz-ma'
4 1 4 1
Disown dis-one' diz-one'
1 4
Dost dost dust
1 4
Doth do_th_ du_th_
66 4
Does dooz duz
11 1
Drain dreen drane
37 37
Drought drou_th_ drout
37 4 37
Drowned dround'ed dround
4 1 4 4
Ductile duk'tile duk'til
1 4
Edge aje edje
1 1 4
Either i'THur e'THur
4 4 4 4
English eng'lish ing'glish
1 1 1 1
Era e're e'ra
1 1
Ere ere are
1 4
Fasten fas'tn fas'sn
4 7 11 7
Fearful fer'ful feer'ful
4 4 4 1
Figure fig'gur fig'ure
4 11
Fiend fend feend
4 4
First fust furst
34 1 1 1 1
Foliage foil'aje fo'le-aje
3 4 3 1
Fortune for'tshun for'tshune
3 4 3 1
Fortnight fort'nit fort'nite
37 37 4
Fountain foun'tn foun'tin
4 4 4 1
Fracture frak'tshur frak'tshure
1 4 1 4
Fragrance frag'ranse fra'granse
1 1 1 4
Futile fu'tile fu'til
4 4 4 4
Gather geTH'ur gaTH'ur
4 4
Get git get
4 4
Girth gurt ger_th_
66 1
Goal gool gole
1 1 4 1 4
Going gone _or_ go'in go'ing
66 1
Gold goold gold
66 4
Gum goom gum
1 4 4
Grudge be-gretsh' grudje
4 4 4 4
Gypsum gip'sum jip'sum
4 4
Has hez haz
1 4
Have have hav
11 4
Heard heerd herd
4 4 2
Hearth hur_th_ or ha_th_ har_th_
4 4
Hiss siss hiss
1 34
Hoist histe hoist
4 1 1 1
Homely hum'ble home'le
4 66
Hoof huf hoof
3 4 5 4
Hostler haws'lur os'lur
4 4
Humble hum'bl um'bl
11 4 4 4
Jesting jeest'in jest'ing
4 4
Kettle kit'tl ket'tl
4 4 4 1
Lecture lek'tshur lek'tshure
4 4 1 1
Leisure lezh'ur le'zhure
4 4 1 4
Lever lev'er le'vur
4 4
Lid led lid
1 5 1 4
Lilach la'lok li'lak
66 1
Loam loom lome
1 66
Loo lu loo
1 1 4 1
Maintain mane-tane' men-tane'
1 4 1 4
Matron mat'run ma'trun
1 1 4 1
Mermaid mare'made mer'made
37 37
Mountain moun'tn moun'tin
1 4 1 1
Nature na'tshur na'tshure
1 4 1 4
Neither ni'THur ne'THur
1 11 1 1
Oblige o-bleeje' o-blije'
1 11 5 1
Oblique o-bleek' ob-like'
5 5
Of of ov
1 34
Oil ile oil
5 4 1 1 1
Only on'le _or_ un'le one'le
1 4 4 4
Panther pane'tur pan'_th_ur
4 4 1 4
Parent par'ent pa'rent
2 4 2 4
Partner pard'nur part'nur
2 4 4 1
Pasture pas'tshur pas'tshure
4 4 1 4
Patron pat'run pa'trun
4 4 4 4
Pincers pinsh'urz pin'surz
4 4
Pith pe_th_ pi_th_
11 1
Plait pleet plate
1 1 4
Poem pome po'em
1 34
Point pinte point
5 4 4
Pother poTH'ur puTH'ur
4 4 1 4
Precept pres'sept pre'sept
1 1 4 4
Preface pre'fase pref'fas
1 1 4 1
Prelude pre'lude prel'ude
1 4 5 4
Process pro'ses pros'ses
1 4 5 4
Product pro'dukt prod'ukt
1 4 5 4
Progress pro'gres prog'res
1 1 1 11
Profile pro'file pro-feel'
4 4 4 4
Pumpion pungk'in pump'yun
4 7
Put put (verb) put
1 34
Quoit kwate kwoit
1 1 4 1
Rapine ra'pine rap'in
1 11
Rear rare reer
4 1 4 4
Reptile rep'tile rep'til
4 4
Rid red rid
1 1
Rind rine rind
4 4
Rinse rense rinse
5 4 5 4
Rosin roz'um roz'in
87 1 66 11
Routine rou tene roo-teen'
4 66
Roof ruff roof
4 4 1 4
Sacred sak'red sa'kred
1 4
Said sade sed
4 4
Sat set sat
1 4
Says saze sez
2 1
Scarce skarse skarse
4 1 4 1
Schedule sked'ule sed'jule
4 4
Shut shet shut
4 4
Since sense sinse
4 11
Sleek slik sleek
4 4 1 4
Sliver sliv'vur sli'vur
3 7 1 7
Slothful slaw_th_'ful slo_th_'ful
4 66
Soot sut soot
4 4 1 2
Spikenard spig'nut spike'nard
1 34
Spoil spile spoil
4 4 11 2
Steelyard stil'yurdz steel'yard
5 4
Stamp stomp stamp
4 4
Stint stent stint
1 1
Sword sword sord
1 5 4 4
Synod si'nod sin'ud
1 1 4 1
Therefore THare'fore THer'fore
4 4
Thill fil _th_il
1 66
To to too
37 66
Tour tour toor
4 4
Treble trib'bl treb'bl
1 3 1 4
Towards to-wardz' to'urdz
5 1 1 1
Trophy trof'fe tro'fe
1 1 1 1
Tuesday tshuz'de tuze'de
4 4 4 1
Verdure vur'jur ver'jure
1 4 4 11
Vizier vi'zhur viz'yeer
5 4 5 1
Volume vol'lum vol'yume
1 4
Were ware wer
1 1
Yea ya ye
4 4
Yes yes yis
11 33 4
Yest yeest _or_ eest yest
4 4
Yet yit yet
1 66
You yu yoo
1 66
Your yure yoor
1 66
Youth yu_th_ yoo_th_
1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4
Ague and fever fe'vurn-a'gur a'gu-and fe'vur
3 4 1 4 4 1
Alternate awl-ter'nate al-ter'nate
4 4 1 4 4 1 1
Annunciate an-nun'shate an-nun'she-ate
4 1 4 4 1 4
Andiron hand'i-urn and'i-urn
4 1 1 4 4 1 11
Antipodes an'te-podz an-tip'o-deez
4 4 4 4 1 4
Apparent ap-par'ent ap-pa'rent
2 1 4 4 2 3 4 1
Architecture artsh'e-tek-tshur ar'-ke-tek-tshure
4 4 4 4 4 4
Assumption as-sump'shun as-sum'shun
3 4 4 1 3 4 4 1
Auxiliary awks-il'a-re awg-zil'ya-re
4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1
Certiorari sash-ur-ar'ur ser-she-o-ra'ri
4 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1
Christianity kris-tshan'e-te kris-tshe-an'e-te
4 4 1 4 4 4
Clandestine klan-des'tine klan-des'tin
1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4
Coadjutor ko-ad'ju-tur ko-ad-ju'tur
5 4 1 4 5 4 1 4
Compendium kom-pen'de-um kom-pen'je-um
5 4 1 1 4 1
Connoisseur kon-nis-sure' ko-nes-sare'
1 1 4 4 1 4
Courteous kore'te-us kur'tshe-us
4 4 4 4 4 4
Coverlet kuv'ur-lid kuv'ur-let
37 4 1 37 4 4
Cowardice kou'urd-ise kou'urd-is
1 4 4 1 4 4
Decrepit de-krip'id de-krep'it
4 5 1 1 5 1
Demonstrate dem'on-strate de-mon'strate
1 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 1 4
Desideratum de-sid-er-at'um de-sid-e-ra'tum
1 4 1 1 4
Diamond di'mund di'a-mund
4 4 4 1 4 1 4
Discrepance dis-krep'an-se dis'kre-panse
4 4 1 4 4 4
Disfranchise dis-fran'tschize dis-fran'tschiz
4 5 4 4 5 4
Dishonest dis-on'est diz-on'est
4 3 4 4 3 4
Disorder dis-or'dur diz-or'dur
1 4 4 1 1 4 1 1
Electrify e-lek'tur-ize e-lek'tre-fi
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Emaciate e-ma'shate e-ma'she-ate
4 1 1 4 1 1 1
Expatiate eks-pa'shate eks-pa'she-ate
4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 4 1
Expiatory eks-pi'a-to-re eks'pe-a-tur-re
4 4 1 4 4 1 1
Extempore eks-tem'pore eks-tem'po-re
4 1 1 4 1 4
Feminine fem'e-nine fem'e-nin
4 4 1 1 4 1
Frequently frek'went-le fre'kwent-le
4 1 1 4 1 4
Genuine jen'u-ine jen'u-in
2 11 2 1 4
Guardian gar-deen' gyar'de-an
4 4 4 4 4 4
Gymnastic gim-nas'tik jim-nas'tik
4 1 1 4 4 1 66 4
Hallelujah hal-le-lu'ja hal-le-loo'ya
5 4 4 5 3 4
Hospital hos'pit-al os'pe-tal
1 4 4 1 4 4
Humorous hu'mur-us yu'mur-us
1 1 1 1 4
Idea i-de' i-de'a
4 1 4 4 4 1 3 4
Ignoramus ig-no-ram'us ig-no-ra'mus
4 4 1 4 4 1 1 4
Indecorous in-dek'o-rus in-de-ko'rus
4 4 1 1 4 1 1 1
Irradiate ir-rad'e-ate ir-ra'de-ate
4 4 4 1 4 4 1 1
Literati lit-er-at'i lit-er-a'ti
1 1 4 4 1 4
Maintenance mane-tane'anse men-'te-nanse
4 1 1 4 1 4
Masculine mas'ku-line mas'ku-lin
4 4 1
mur'kan-tile }
4 4 11 } 4 4 4
Mercantile mur-kan-teel'} mer'kan-til
4 4 4 }
mur-kan'til }
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Meliorate me-li'o-rate me'le-o-rate
1 4 1 4 5 4 1 4
Molestation mo-les-ta'shun mol-es-ta'shun
1 1 4 1 1 4
Museum mu'ze-um mu-ze'um
1 4 4 4 4 4
National na'shun-al nash'un-al
1 4 4 1 5 4 1 1
Nomenclature no-men'kla-ture nom-en-kla'tshure
5 1 4 5 1 4 4
Nominative nom'e-tiv nom'e-na-tiv
5 5 1 4 5 4 4 4
Obstreperous ob-strop'pu-lus ob-strep'er-us
5 2 1 5 1 1
Octavo ok-ta'vo ok-ta'vo
5 1 1 1 5 4 4 1
Oratory or'a-to-re or'a-tur-re
1 4 1 4 4 1
Parentage pa'rent-aje par'ent-aje
2 4 1 1 2 1 4 1 1
Partiality par-shal'le-te par-she-al'le-te
1 4 1 4 4 4
Patronage pa'trun-aje pat'run-ije
4 1 2 1 1 2
Patriarch pat're-ark pa'tre-ark
4 1 4 1 1 4
Patriot pat're-ut pa'tre-ut
4 1 4 4 1 1 4 4
Patriotism pat're-ut-izm pa'tre-ut-izm
1 5 1 4 1 5 1 4
Philologist fi-lol'lo-jist fe-lol'lo-jist
1 5 1 1 1 5 1 1
Philosophy fi-los'o-fe fe-los'o-fe
1 1 5 1 4 4 1 5 1 4
Philosophical fi-lo-sof'ik-al fil-o-zof'e-kal
1 4 4 1 4 4
Plagiarism pla'ga-rizm pla'ja-rizm
5 4 5 4
Possess pos-ses' poz-zes'
5 4 1 5 4 1
Possessive pos-ses'siv poz-zes'siv
5 4 4 5 4 4
Possession pos-sesh'un poz-zesh'un
1 4 4 4 1 4 4
Preventive pre-vent'a-tiv pre-vent'iv
1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 4
Pronunciation pro-nun-se-a'shun pro-nun-she-a'shun
1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 4
Propitiation pro-pis-e-a'shun pro-pish-e-a'shun
5 1 1 5 1 1
Prophecy prov'e-si (noun) prof'e-se (noun)
5 1 1 5 1 5
Prophesy prov'e-si (verb) prof'e-si (verb)
1 1 1 1 1
Ratio ra'sho ra'she-o
1 4 4 4 4 4
Rational ra'shun-al rash'un-al
1 4 4 1 4 4
Sacrament sa'kra-ment sak'ra-ment
1 1 1 4 1 1
Sacrifice sa'kre-fize, sak're-fize
4
_or_ (fis)
4 1 1 1 1 1 1
Stereotype ster'o-tipe ste're-o-tipe
1 4 1 4 1 4 4
Stupendous stu-pen'du-us, stu-pen'dus
1 4
stu-pen'jus
1 5 1 1 4 1 4
Synonyme se-non'e-me sin'o-nim
4 4 4 4 1 4
Transparent trans-par'ent trans-pa'rent
4 4 4 1 4 1 4 1
Transparency trans-par'en-se trans-pa'ren-se
1 4 1 4 1 4 4
Tremendous tre-men'du-us, tre-men'dus
1 4 1
tre-men'jus
4 4 4 4 1 4
Verbatim ver-bat'im ver-ba'tim
5 2 1 5 1 1
Volcano vol-ka'no vol-ka'no
4 1 4 11
Whiffletree hwip'pl-tre hwif'fl-tree

NOTE 1.--When the words _learned_, _blessed_, _loved,_ &c. are
used as participial adjectives, the termination _ed_ should
generally be pronounced as a separate syllable; as, "A _learn-ed_
man; The _bless-ed_ Redeemer;" but when they are employed as verbs,
the _ed_ is contracted in pronunciation; as, "He _learn'd_ his
lesson; They are _lov'd;_ I have _walk'd_."

2. The accent of the following words falls on those syllables
expressed in the _italic_ characters: Eu ro _pe_ an, hy me _ne_ al,
Ce sa _re_ a, co ad _ju_ tor, ep i cu _re_ an, _in_ ter est ed, _in_
ter est ing, _rep_ a ra ble, _rec_ og nise, _leg_ is la ture, _ob_
li ga to ry, in _com_ pa ra ble, ir _rep_ a ra ble, in _ex_ o ra
ble. In a large class of words, the vowels _a_, _e_, and _ai_,
should be pronounced like long _a_ in _late_; such as, _fare_,
_rare_, _there_, _their_, _where_, _air_, _chair_, _compare_,
_declare_, &c. In the words _person_, _perfect_, _mercy_,
_interpret_, _determine_, and the like, the vowel _e_ before _r_, is
often _erroneously_ sounded like short _u_. Its proper sound is that
of _e_ in _met_, _pet_, _imperative_.

3. With respect to the pronunciation of the words _sky_, _kind_,
_guide_, &c. it appears that a mistake extensively prevails. It is
believed that their common pronunciation by the vulgar, is the
_correct_ one, and agreeable to the pronunciation intended by Mr.
John Walker. The proper diphthongal sounds
11 1 1
in skei, kyind, gyide, are adopted by the common mass, and
_perverted_ by those who, in their unnatural and affected
pronunciation of these words, say,
1 1 1 1 1 1
ske-i; ke-inde, ge-ide. This latter mode of pronouncing them in two
syllables, is as incorrect and ridiculous as to pronounce the words
_boil_, _toil_, in two
3 4 3 4
syllables; thus, bo-il, to-il.

4. _My_, _wind_. When _my_ is contrasted with _thy_, _his_, _her_, _your_, 1 1 &c, it is pronounced, mi: in all other situations, it is pronounced, me; as, "_My [me]_ son, give ear to _my [me]_ counsel." When _wind_ ends a line in poetry, and is made to rhyme with _mind_, _bind_, kind_, &c. it is 1 4 pronounced, wind; but, in other situations, it is pronounced, wind.

"Lo, the poor Indian! whose untutored mind
Sees God in clouds, or hears him in the _wind_."

PROVINCIALISMS.

CONTRACTIONS, VULGARISMS, AND OTHER IMPROPRIETIES.

As each of the following provincialisms and vulgarisms, has its locality in some one section or other of our country, it is hoped that these corrections will be found useful in the districts to which the various phrases respectively belong.

IMPROPER. CORRECT.

Aint Are not haint have not taint 'tis not haint are not maint may not wont will not wer'nt were not waunt was not woodent would not mussent must not izzent is not wazzent was not hezzent has not doozzent does not tizzent 'tis not whool who will don't can't i'll 'tis

COMMON IN NEW ENGLAND OR NEW YORK.

4 Akst askt 4 4 ben bin 4 2 hul hole 4 1 hum home 4 1 stun stone 66 4 dooz duz 2 4 glass glass 2 4 mass mass 2 4 brass brass 2 4 pass pass 3 2 flawnt flant 4 4 hiz'zn hiz 37 37 4 hou'zn houz'iz 1 4 1 4 an'shent ane'tshent 1 4 1 1 an'jel ane'jel 4 4 1 4 dan'jur dane'jur 4 4 1 4 stran'jur strane'jur 2 4 1 4 tscham'bur tshame'bur 1 4 1 1 na'tur na'tshure 4 4 4 4 1 4 nat'ur-el natsh'u-ral 3 4 3 1 for'tin for'tshune 3 1 1 3 1 1 for'tew-nate for'tshu-nate 4 1 4 1 vur'tew ver'tshu 4 1 4 4 1 4 vur'tew-us ver'tshu-us 1 1 4 4 1 4 ak'tew-el ak'tschu-al 4 1 1 4 1 1 ed'ew-kate ed'ju-kate 4 4 2 4 faTH'ur fa'THur heft weight stoop porch stent task helve handle muss disorder dump unload scup swing shay gig or chaise cutter one-horse sleigh staddle sapling foxy reddish suple spry or supple

IN PENNSYLVANIA.

Strenth strength lenth length brenth breadth ort ought nan what wisht wish wunst once ouch oh cheer chair spook ghost furnentz opposite wanity vanity in wain in vain ornary ordinary for by to spare we bit small piece disremember do not remember

IRISH.

66 1 Door dore 66 1 floor flore 5 4 ond and 5 55 loss looz 66 1 koorse korse 66 1 soorse sorse 4 66 till too 4 7 put put 4 7 fut fut 4 66 4 54 a-koont' ak-kount' 4 4 7 4 pul'pit pul'pit 1 4 3 pare'sun par'sn

IMPROPER. CORRECT.