Chapter V: The Work of Snow and Ice

+Snow- and Ice-fields+ 244
The passage of snow into névé and ice, 246. Structure of the
ice, 247. Texture, 247. Inauguration of movement, 248.

+Types of Glaciers+ 251

+The General Phenomena of Glaciers+ 256
Dimensions, 256. Limits, 258. Movement, 259. Conditions
affecting rate of movement, 261. Likenesses and unlikenesses
of glaciers and rivers, 262.

+Surface Features+ 266
Topography, 266. Surface moraines, 266. Relief due to surface
débris, 268. Dust-wells, 269. Débris below the surface, 272.

+Temperature, Waste, and Drainage+ 273
The winter wave, 274. The summer wave, 276. The temperature
of the bottom, 276. Temperature of the interior of the
ice, 277. Compression and friction as causes of heat,
278. Summary, 279. Movement under low temperature, 279.
Evaporation, 279. Drainage, 280.

+The Work of Glaciers+ 281
_Erosion and Transportation_ 281
Getting load, 282. Conditions influencing rate of erosion,
283. Summary, 286. Varied nature of glacial débris, 286. The
topographic effects of glacial erosion, 287. Fiords, 290. The
positions in which débris is carried, 290. Transfers of load,
292. Wear of drift in transit, 298.
_Deposition of the Drift_ 298
Beneath the body of the ice, 298. At ends and edges of
glaciers, 299.

+Types of Moraines+ 301

The terminal moraine, 301. The ground moraine, 301. The
lateral moraines, 302. Distinctive nature of glacial
deposits, 304. Glaciated rock surfaces, 304.

+Glacio-Fluvial Work+ 305

+Icebergs+ 307

+The Intimate Structure and the Movement of Glaciers+ 308
The growth and constitution of a glacier, 308. The
arrangement of the crystal axes, 312.
_The Probable Fundamental Element in Glacial Motion_ 313
Melting and freezing, 313. Accumulated motion in the terminal
part of a glacier, 316.
_Auxiliary Elements_ 317
Shearing, 317. High temperature and water, 318. Applications,
319.
_Corroborative Phenomena_ 320
_Other Views of Glacier Motion_ 321