Chapter VI: The Work of the Ocean

Volume and composition, 324. Topography of bed, 326.
Distribution of marine life, 328.

+Processes in Operation in the Sea+ 329
Diastrophism, 329. Vulcanism, 332. Gradation, 333.

+Movements of the Sea-water+ 334
Differences in density and their results, 335. Differences in
level and their results. 335. Movements generated by winds,
336. Movements generated by attraction, 322. Aperiodic
movements, 338. Summary, 339.

+Waves+ 339
Wave-motion, 339.

+Work of the Waves+ 342
_Erosion_ 342
By waves and undertow, 342.
_Topographic Features Developed by Wave Erosion_ 349
The sea-cliff, 349. Chimney rocks, etc., 350. Sea caves,
350. The wave-cut terrace, 351. Wave erosion and horizontal
configuration, 353.
_Transportation by Waves_ 354
_Deposition by Waves, Undertow, and Shore Currents_ 355
The beach, 355. The barrier, 356. The spit, the bar, and the
loop, 357. Wave-built terraces, 363.
_Effect of Shore Deposition on Coastal Configuration_ 363

+Summary of Coastal Irregularities+ 364

+The Work of Ocean-currents+ 366

+Deposits of the Ocean-bed+ 368
_Shallow-water Deposits_ 369
Littoral deposits, 369. Non-littoral, mechanical deposits
in shallow water, 369. Characteristics of shallow-water
deposits, 373. Topography of shallow-water deposits, 374.
Chemical and organic deposits, 375. Limestone, 378.
_Deep-sea Deposits_ 378
Contrasted with shallow-water deposits, 378. Sources, 380.
Mechanical inorganic deposits, 380. Organic constituents of
pelagic deposits, 382. Chemical deposits, 383.

+Lakes+ 386

Changes taking place in lakes, 387. Lacustrine deposits,
388. Extinct lakes, 388. Lake ice, 389. Saline lakes, 391.
Indirect effects of lakes, 392. Composition of lake waters,
392.