Chapter XII: Notes

[205.1] _Vide_ Dr. Langdon’s paper on “Babylonian Eschatology;” in _Essays in Modern Theology_ (papers offered to Professor Briggs, 1911), p. 139.

[205.2] _Vide_ Jeremias, _Hölle und Paradies_, p. 30; cf. King, _Bab. Rel._, p. 46--formula for laying a troubled and dangerous ghost--“let him depart into the west; to Nedu, the Chief Porter of the Underworld, I consign him.” The west was suggested to the Hellene because of the natural associations of the setting sun; to the Babylonian, perhaps, according to Jeremias, _op. cit._, p. 19, because the desert west of Babylon was associated with death and demons.

[205.3] The “waters of death” figure in the Epic of Gilgamesh, _e.g._ King, _op. cit._, p. 169.

[205.4] _Vide_ inscr. of Sargon II. in _Keil. Bibl._, ii. 2, pp. 75-77, 79: “Ea, Sin, Shamash, Nabu, Ramman, Ninib, and their benign spouses, who were rightfully born on Iharsaggalkurkurra, the Mountain of the Underworld.”

[206.1] Passage in “The Descent of Ishtar,” Jeremias, _op. cit._, p. 20.

[206.2] King, _op. cit._, pp. 45-46.

[208.1] _Vide_ Langdon, _op. cit._

[209.1] Cook, _Religion of Ancient Palestine_, p. 36.

[209.2] _Vide_ Langdon, _op. cit._

[209.3] _Vide_ Prof. Margoliouth’s article on “Ancestor-worship” in Hastings’ _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_.

[210.1] King’s translation in _Babyl. Relig._, pp. 48-49. Cf. Jeremias, _Hölle u. Paradies_, p. 12.

[211.1] Cook, _The Religion of Ancient Palestine_, p. 35.

[211.2] _E.g._ Eur. _Troad._, 1085, σὺ μὲν φθίμενος ἀλαίνεις ἄθαπτος, ἄνυδρος.

[212.1] Langdon, _op. cit._

[212.2] King, _op. cit._, p. 176.

[212.3] Thureau-Dangin, _Les cylindres de Goudéa_, p. 57: Les héros morts leur bouche auprès d’une fontaine il plaça.

[212.4] Winckler, _op. cit._, p. 41.

[212.5] Jeremias, _op. cit._, p. 15.

[213.1] _E.g._ Peiser, _Sketch of Babylonian Society_, in the Smithsonian Institute, 1898, p. 586, speaks as if it was ancestor-worship that held the Babylonian family together.

[213.2] _Vide_ my article on “Hero-worship” in _Hibbert Journal_, 1909, p. 417.

[214.1] V. Landau, _Phönizische Inschr._, p. 15.

[214.2] Jeremias, _Hölle u. Paradies_, p. 37.

[215.1] It would be idle for my purpose to distinguish between the so-called “Achaean” and “Pelasgian” elements in the Homeric Νέκυια; even if the latter ethnic term was of any present value for Greek religion.

[215.2] Hesiod, Ἔργ. 110-170 (the men of the golden and the silver ages and the heroes).

[216.1] _Vide_ Zimmern in _K.A.T._3, pp. 636-639; Jeremias, _Hölle u. Paradies_, p. 25; cf. his _Die Babyl. Assyr. Vorstellungen rom. Leben nach dem Tode_.

[216.2] _Vide supra_, p. 160.

[216.3] Zimmern, _op. cit._, p. 520; King, _op. cit._, p. 188.

[217.1] King, _op. cit._, p. 138.

[217.2] Lagrange, _Études sur les religions sémitiques_, p. 493.

[218.1] Cf. _Keil. Bibl._, ii. 109; Jeremias, _Hölle u. Paradies_, pp. 13-14.

[219.1] Jastrow, _op. cit._, pp. 472-473.

[219.2] _Ib._, p. 473.

[219.3] _Ib._, p. 472.

[219.4] Zimmern in _Sitzungsber. d. Kön. Sächs. Gesell. Wiss._ 1907, “Sumerisch-Babylonische Tanzlieder,” p. 220.

[219.5] _Vide_ Jeremias in his article on “Nergal” in Roscher’s _Lexikon_, iii. p. 251.

[219.6] It is doubtful if any argument can be based on the name Ningzu, occasionally found as the name of the consort of Ereshkigal (Zimmern, _K.A.T._3, p. 637) and said to mean “Lord of Healing,” in reference, probably, to the waters of life.

[219.7] Only in the story of Adapa he appears as one of the warders of the gates of heaven (Zimmern, _K.A.T._3, p. 521).

[220.1] The story of Aphrodite descending into Hades to seek Adonis is much later than the period with which we are dealing. Nergal’s descent to satisfy the wrath of Allatu and his subsequent marriage with her (Jeremias, _Hölle und Paradies_, p. 22) is a story of entirely different motive to the Rape of Kore.