Chapter XII: Negro School Laws. 1619-1860

The Possibilities of the Human Intellect.--Ignorance Favorable to
Slavery.--An Act by the Legislature of Alabama imposing a Penalty
on any one instructing a Colored Person.--Educational Privileges
of the Creoles in the City of Mobile.--Prejudice against Colored
Schools in Connecticut.--The Attempt of Miss Prudence Crandall to
admit Colored Girls into her School at Canterbury.--The
Indignation of the Citizens at this Attempt to mix the Races in
Education.--The Legislature of Connecticut passes a Law
abolishing the School.--The Building assaulted by a Mob.--Miss
Crandall arrested and imprisoned for teaching Colored Children
against the Law.--Great Excitement.--The Law finally
repealed.--An Act by the Legislature of Delaware taxing Persons
who brought into, or sold Slaves out of, the State.--Under Act of
1829 Money received for the Sale of Slaves in Florida was added
to the School Fund in that State.--Georgia prohibits the
Education of Colored Persons under Heavy Penalty.--Illinois
establishes Separate Schools for Colored Children.--The "Free
Mission Institute" at Quincy, Illinois, destroyed by a Missouri
Mob.--Numerous and Cruel Slave Laws in Kentucky retard the
Education of the Negroes.--An Act passed in Louisiana preventing
the Negroes in any Way from being instructed.--Maine gives Equal
School Privileges to Whites and Blacks.--St. Francis Academy for
Colored Girls founded in Baltimore in 1831.--The Wells
School.--The First School for Colored Children established in
Boston by Intelligent Colored Men in 1798.--A School-house for
the Colored Children built and paid for out of a Fund left by
Abiel Smith for that Purpose.--John B. Russworm one of the
Teachers and afterward Governor of the Colony of Cape Palmas,
Liberia.--First Primary School for Colored Children established
in 1820.--Missouri passes Stringent Laws against the Instruction
of Negroes.--New York provides for the Education of
Negroes.--Elias Neau opens a School in New York City for Negro
Slaves in 1704.--"New York African Free School" in 1786.--Visit
of Lafayette to the African Schools in 1824.--His
Address.--Public Schools for Colored Children in New
York.--Colored Schools in Ohio.--"Cincinnati High School" for
Colored Youths founded in 1844.--Oberlin College opens its Doors
to Colored Students.--The Establishment of Colored Schools in
Pennsylvania by Anthony Benezet in 1750.--His Will.--"Institute
for Colored Youths" established in 1837.--"Avery College" at
Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, founded in 1849.--Ashmun Institute,
or Lincoln University, founded in October, 1856.--South Carolina
takes Definite Action against the Education or Promotion of the
Colored Race in 1800-1803-1834.--Tennessee makes no
Discrimination against Color in the School Law of 1840.--Little
Opportunity afforded in Virginia for the Colored Man to be
enlightened.--Stringent Laws enacted.--History of Schools for the
Colored Population in the District of Columbia 147

CHAPTER XIII.

JOHN BROWN--HERO AND MARTYR.

John Brown's Appearance in Kansas.--He denounces Slavery in a
Political Meeting at Osawatomie.--Mrs. Stearns's Personal
Recollection of John Brown.--Kansas infested by Border
Ruffians.--The Battle of Harper's Ferry.--The Defeat and Capture
of Captain John Brown.--His Last Letter written to Mrs.
Steams.--His Trial and Execution.--His Influence upon the
Anti-slavery Question at the North.--His Place in History 214

Part 7.

_THE NEGRO IN THE WAR FOR THE UNION._

CHAPTER XIV.

DEFINITION OF THE WAR ISSUE.

Increase of Slave Population in Slave-holding States from
1850-1860.--Products of Slave Labor.--Basis of Southern
Representation.--Six Seceding States organize a New
Government.--Constitution of the Confederate Government.--Speech
by Alexander H. Stephens.--Mr. Lincoln in Favor of Gradual
Emancipation.--He is elected President of the United States.--The
Issue of the War between the States 228