Chapter IV: Part 4

_Under Side._ All the wings, next the body, are marked and clouded with
lines and marks of ash colour and olive brown. The pale brimstone bar is
seen very distinctly on this side; and the two orange spots on the upper
side of the anterior wings, here assume a tinge of flesh colour,
separated in the middle by the tendon, which is of an orange cast. The
faint waved lines also are very conspicuous, of a very dark flesh colour,
shaded with brown.

PLATE XV.

VANESSA CHARONIA.

Plate XV. fig. 1. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. Vanessa, _Fabr. Latr. God. Curtis._ Hamadryades, _Hubn._ Papilio
(Nymphalis Phal.), _Fabr. Drury._

VANESSA CHARONIA. Alis dentatis, supra nigris, fasciâ communi
submarginali coeruleâ, in posticis serie punctorum nigrorum divisâ;
anticis apice productis, posticis subcaudatis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Charonia, _Drury, App. v._ 2. _Cramer, Pap.
tab._ 4. _pl._ 47. _fig._ A. B. C. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 119.
_No._ 304. _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 308. 27 (Vanessa Ch.).

HABITAT:: China (_Drury_). India (_Fabr._).

_Upper Side._ The thorax and abdomen black, and furnished with grayish
hair. The ground of all the wings is black; but towards the body inclines
to copper. On the anterior wings, near the tips, is a white spot placed
close to the anterior edge. This edge is narrowly bordered with blue, and
dappled with little wave-like stripes of black; from whose middle an
oblique blue spot, almost half an inch long, extends down the wings. A
little below this, arises a light blue bar of lunules, which runs even
with the external edge, and is continued transversely across the
posterior wing, excluding the anal angle. On this blue bar, in the
posterior wings, are placed six small black angular spots. Beneath these
is a {28}narrow double border of blue, running along their external
margin. All the wings are deeply dentated and angulated.

_Under Side._ The ground of the wings is of a dark orange, with various
broad transverse purplish shades, and with a variety of irregular small
wave-like markings, and different tints of brown, intermingled with
orange shades.

The under side of the male is of a very dark brown, almost black, with
some faint wavings, which are not so strong and beautiful as in the
female.

ARGYNNIS ERYMANTHIS.

Plate XV. fig. 3. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ.

GENUS. ARGYNNIS, _Fab. Latr. God._ Argyreus, _Scop._ Papilio (Danai
Festiv.), _Drury._

ARGYNNIS ERYMANTHIS. Alis subrotundatis, subdentatis, fulvis, anticis
fasciâ flavescenti transversâ mediâ nigro maculatâ, apice nigris;
posticis serie punctorum, duabusque lunularum nigrorum. (Expans. Alar,
fere 3 unc. [_Drury_], 2 unc. [_Enc. Méth._]).

SYN. Papilio (Dan. Fest.) Erymanthis, _Drury_, _App. v._ 2. _Cramer_,
_pl._ 238. _fig._ 9. _Fab. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 139. 427. _Enc.
Méth._ ix. 257.

Papilio Lampetia, _Cram. Pap. pl._ 148 _fig._ E.

HABITAT: China (_Drury_). Coromandel, Java (_Enc. Méth._).

_Upper Side._ Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown. Anterior wings, next
the body, of a dark tawny orange, which colour occupies about half the
wings, and is bounded by a very irregular line. A broad black patch
occupies the tips of the wings, beginning about the middle of the
anterior edge, and extends along the external one to the interior angle;
on which, near the tips, are two clay-coloured round spots; and below
them, in some specimens, are two more spots near the external edge. The
space between the black patch and the tawny orange is of a clay colour,
with three round black spots on it, the lower one the largest. Posterior
wings tawny orange, the posterior edges being of a dirty brown; and above
them are seen two rows of black crescents irregularly placed, over these
are five round black spots. The wings are slightly dentated, the inferior
ones most.

_Under Side._ All the wings clay colour. A dark, faint, engrailed line,
composed of a number of crescents, joined together, runs transversely
across the superior and inferior wings, extending to the anal angle.

HIPPARCHIA LEDA.

Plate XV. fig. 5. 6.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. HIPPARCHIA, _Fabr. Stephens_. Satyrus, _Latr. et God._ Argus p.
_Scop._ Orcades, _Hubn._ Papilio (Nymphales Gemmati), _Drury_.

HIPPARCHIA LEDA. Alis angulatis supra corticino-fuscis; anticis ocello
apicis sesquialtero in plagâ magnâ luteâ, posticis ocellis duobus;
omnibus subtus griseo-reticulatis strigâ ocellorum. (Expans. Alar. 3
unc.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymph. Gemm.) Leda, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 2. 773. _No._ 151.
_Drury_, _App. v._ 2. _Fabricius, Ent. Syst._ 3. 1. _p._ 108. 333.
_Cramer, Pap. pl._ 196. C. D. _and pl._ 292. _fig._ A. _Encycl. Méth._
ix. 478. _No._ 4. (Satyrus L.)

Papilio Solandra (var.?) _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III.1. 106. 328. _Donovan
Ins. New Holl. pl._ 23. _f._ 1.

HABITAT: China (_Drury_). Ind. orient. (_Weber MSS._). Sierra Leone
(_Fabr._ ??). Mauritius (_Encycl. Méth._). Otaheite and New Holland
(_Fabr. and Donovan_, P. Solandra).

{29}_Upper Side._ Antennæ, thorax, and abdomen of a dark brown colour.
All the wings dark olive brown. On the anterior wings, near the tips, are
two black circular spots united together: the lower one being the
largest, each having a small white one in its centre. On the posterior
wings are two black circular eyes, towards the anal angle; their irides
being of a gold colour, and the pupils white. The superior wings are a
little dentated, the inferior ones being angulated.

_Under Side._ All the wings, on this side, are of a very pale brown,
marked all over with short, crooked, wave-like stripes, of a dark brown
colour, almost black. On the anterior wings are four eyes, the largest,
situated near the middle of the wing, is encircled with yellow, its
centre being white; below this is a small one, and two other small ones
are placed near the tips. Posterior wings, with a row of six black eyes
near the external edge, whereof two are much larger than the rest; the
irides of all being yellow, and the pupils white. That next the anal
angle is sesquialterate. In some specimens these eyes are less distinct
than in others; in some there are not more than five to be discerned, and
only one on each superior wing; in others not more than three can be
distinguished, the small ones being entirely wanting.

Drury observes (Introd. to vol. iii. p. 16.) that this insect very much resembles a species sent by Mr. Smeathman from Africa, which comes out only about sunset, and is then to be found in dark shades, wavering about amongst the early flying noctuæ, and other nocturnal species. In some manuscripts of the late Professor Weber of Kiel, in my possession, the East Indies are given as the habitat of this species.

PLATE XVI.

CASTNIA LICUS.

Plate XVI. fig. 1. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Hesperi Sphinges (_Latr._). FAMILY:
Castniidæ. _Westw._

GENUS. CASTNIA, _Fabricius, Latr. God. Dalman_. Papilio (Dan. Festiv.),
_Drury_.

CASTNIA LICUS. Alis integris, supra atris nitidis; anticis sesquifasciâ
albâ, posticis serie marginali punctorum rubrorum fasciâque obliquâ albâ.
(Expans. Alar. fere 4 unc.)

SYN. Papilio (Dan. Festiv.) Licus, _Drury, App. v._ 2. _Cramer, pl._ 223.
_fig._ A. B. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 45. _No._ 137. (Licas.)

Papilio Lycus, _Herbst. Pap. tab._ 134. _f._ 1. 2. _Merian Surinam, tab._
36.

Castnia Licus, _Latr. et God. Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 797.

HABITAT: Surinam.

_Upper Side._ The antennæ are dark brown, at the tips paler; and
terminating in a point. The head, thorax, and base of the abdomen dark
chocolate brown; the extremity and sides of the latter dark. Anterior
wings of a fine deep chocolate brown. A narrow, irregular, and oblique
cream-coloured bar runs across the wing; between this and the tip, from
the anterior edge, runs another crooked irregular bar, of a much darker
colour, reaching almost half across the wing towards the interior angle,
the external margin being of a lighter shade. Posterior wings, having a
white bar running transversely across the wing, widening by degrees, and
ending at the anal angle. Six square orange spots also of different
sizes, are placed within the external margin of these wings.

_Under Side._ Anterior wings, in the middle, dark chocolate; the tips
dark fawn colour, lighter next the shoulders. The two irregular bars, on
the upper side, are here a little broader. Within the external edge are
three rather pearly white spots. Posterior wings greyish fawn colour,
with the {30}external edges darker. A pale pearl-coloured bar runs across
the wing beyond the middle, widening gradually; below this are some very
faint brown spots, and near the external edge some faint orange ones,
scarcely visible. The edges of all the wings are entire.

The genus Castnia is another of those curious anomalous forms, which exhibit the characters of several groups. The general form of the wings is that of a moth, whilst the variegated colours, indicating diurnal flight, and the structure of the antennæ are those of a butterfly. It is much to be regretted, that travellers in South America have not ascertained the preparatory states of this extraordinary group, which alone will enable us satisfactorily to ascertain its real relations.

GASTROPACHA? OTUS.

Plate XVI. fig. 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Bombycidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. GASTROPACHA? _Ochsenh._ Sphinx, _Drury_.

GASTROPACHA? OTUS. Alis elongatis integris luteo-fuscis, anticis fasciis
duabus denticulatis nigris. (Expans. Alar. 4 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Sphinx Otus. _Drury, Append. v._ 2.

Bombyx Agrius, _Oliv. Enc. Méth._ 5. 39. 56.

HABITAT: Smyrna (_Drury_).

_Upper Side._ The antennæ and head are of a reddish brown; the former are
strongly pectinated, and very broad in the middle, but at the extremities
very narrow and curled. Thorax dark brown. Abdomen reaching half an inch
below the wings of a reddish dun colour. Anterior wings dun colour; with
a large spot or patch, of a darker colour, situated on the posterior
margin, near the base. Two indented black lines run obliquely from the
anterior edge, near the tip, to the posterior near the middle; the space
between them being rather lighter than the rest. Posterior wings dun
colour, immaculate. All the wings, both on the under and upper sides,
appear very shining and glossy; the scales or feathers appearing, when
viewed through a microscope, very coarse and long. There is no tongue
discoverable in this moth.

_Under Side._ Breast and sides bright dun. The abdomen reddish dun. All
the wings dun-coloured. The lower indented line appears faintly through
the wing, of a dark brown colour, also a faint reddish brown indented
line runs across the posterior wings. The edges of all the wings are
entire.

This insect, which appears to have been overlooked by modern authors, seems to form a connecting link between Zeuzera and Gastropacha, agreeing with the former in the general form, and with the latter in the transverse denticulated fasciæ on the anterior wings, and the curved antennæ feathered to the tips.

{31}PLATE XVII.

PAPILIO POLYDAMAS.

Plate XVII. fig. 1. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Papilionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PAPILIO (Equit. Troj.) _Linn._

PAP. POLYDAMAS. Alis dentatis, nigro-virescentibus, fasciâ communi
interruptâ flavâ, posticis subtus maculis linearibus flexuosis rubris,
tribus argenteis adjectis. (Expans. Alar. unc. 4.)

SYN. Pap. Polydamas. _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 2. 747. _No._ 12. _Merian.
Surinam. pl._ 31. _Cramer Pap._ 18. _p._ 33. _pl._ 211. _f._ D. E.
_Herbst. Pap. t._ 10. _f._ 6. 7. _Boisd. et Leconte Icon. des Chen. de
l'Amer. Sept. pl._ 1. _Boisd. Hist. Nat. Lep._ 1. 321. _No._ 162.

HABITAT: America, from Georgia to Brazil, Antigua (_Drury_).

_Upper Side._ The head and thorax are black; with two red spots on the
neck, and two small white spots at the base of the antennæ. All the wings
are scolloped, and of a dark green colour. The anterior wings have a row
of yellow spots rising near the tips, which, running across the middle of
the inferior ones, in a circular manner, meet at the extremity of the
body; some of them being shaped like the bearded points of arrows. The
hollow or concave part of each scollop, in the inferior wings, is edged
with yellow.

_Under Side._ The head, breast, feet, and abdomen are black; with several
red spots on the sides, abdomen, and shoulders. All the wings are black;
the anterior having some of the yellow spots that are seen on the upper
side; with seven irregular red spots, placed along the edge of each
posterior wing, and three silver spots or marks joining to the second,
third, and fourth.

Linnæus states, that this insect inhabits the Hibiscus mutabilis. By other authors it is stated to feed upon the Aristolochia Serpentaria, or Virginian snake-root. The caterpillar is brown, with fleshy spines of the same colour, and red stripes, each segment also being ornamented with four eye-like spots, half yellow and half red.

NYMPHALIS ASSIMILIS.

Plate XVII. fig. 3. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr. et God._ Papilio (Nymphalis Phal.), _Linn._
_Drury_.

NYMPHALIS ASSIMILIS. Alis subrepandis nigris concoloribus, lineis
maculisque albo-virescentibus, posticis strigâ apicali punctorum
coccineorum. (Expans. Alar. fere 5 unc. [_Drury_] 3½ unc. [_Enc.
Méth._]).

SYN. Papilio (Nymphal. Phal.) assimilis, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 2. _p._ 782.
_No._ 194. _Cramer, pl._ 154. A. _Esper. Pap. Exot. t._ 57. _f._ 1.
_Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 39. _No._ 114. (Papilio Eq. Ach.)

HABITAT: China.

_Upper Side._ Head black, with two white frontal spots. Thorax black,
with three white stripes. Abdomen black, marked on the sides with white.
Anterior wings sooty black, having a number of large spots and stripes on
them of different forms and dimensions, of a greenish-grey colour. Near
the external edge is a double row of sixteen small spots of the same
greenish grey, and above them are five larger of a more circular shape.
Posterior wings resemble the superior, but have a broad border of clearer
black running along the external edge, whereon are five spots of a
scarlet colour, inclining to pink, one having a small black spot in the
middle. The wings are slightly dentated.

{32}_Under Side._ Body black, and ornamented with round spots of clear
white. At the base of the wings, is a remarkable round spot of a clear
white, about the size of a pin's head. The wings are spotted as on the
upper side, the greenish spots being rather larger, and in the inferior
wings inclining to a yellow, the general ground of all the wings
appearing more sooty on this side.

PLATE XVIII.

LIMACODES? ARENACEA.

Plate XVIII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Bombycidæ.

GENUS. LIMACODES? _Latr._ Apoda, _Haworth_. Heterogenea, _Knoch._ Phalæna
Bombyx, _Linn._

LIMACODES? ARENACEA. Lutea, alis superioribus supra atomis nigris
adspersis. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Bombyx) arenacea, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 2. _p._ 828. _No._ 65.

HABITAT: Cape of Good Hope.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ pectinated, and of a yellow clay colour. The head
and thorax yellow, but covered over with hairs in such manner that the
former cannot be distinguished. The abdomen, superior and inferior wings
yellow. On the anterior wings appear some very minute black spots
scattered thereon in a very irregular manner. The wings are entire.

_Under Side._ The thighs, breast, and abdomen are very hairy. The
superior and inferior wings of the same yellow colour as on the upper
side, without a mark of any kind.

This insect appears most nearly to approach the genus Limacodes, _Latr._

SATURNIA CECROPIA.

Plate XVIII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Bombycidæ.

GENUS. SATURNIA, _Schrank. Latr._ Attacus, _Germar._ Phalæna (Bombyx),
_Linn. &c._

SATURNIA CECROPIA. Alis anticis subfalcatis, posticis rotundatis; omnibus
griseis fasciâ communi fulvâ maculâque reniformi ocelloque apicali (in
anticis) ornatis. (Expans. Alar. 6 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. _Linn. Syst. Nat. v._ 2. _p._ 809. _No._ 3. _Cramer, Ins._ 4. _tab._
42. _f._ A. B. _Catesby Carol._ 86. _t._ 86. _Abbot and Smith, Ins.
Georgia, tab._ 45. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 408. _No._ 4. _Gmel.
Linn. S. N._ 2401. 3. _Oliv. Enc. Méth._ 5. _p._ 25. 5.

HABITAT: New York (_Drury_). North America (_Linn. &c._).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ very broad, pectinated and black. The head is small
and red. Neck white. Thorax covered with long orange-brown hairs. Abdomen
alternately with broad stripes of white and orange brown, the latter
being edged behind with black. Anterior wings, with two bars crossing
from the anterior to the posterior edges, one at about three-fourths of
an inch from the shoulders, whitish, edged on the outside with black; the
other is orange, at about an inch distance from the external margin. The
base of the wing is a fine orange brown. The middle is deep rusty brown,
which, towards the upper part, is powdered with buff-coloured hairs. In
the middle of this is a large white spot verged with black, somewhat
resembling a kidney bean, and is broadly tinged behind with red brown.
The extremity of this wing, next the bar, is the same dark brown, and
powdered, having a black spot about {33}half an inch from the tip, having
within it a semicircular mark of a pearl colour. From this spot to the
anterior edge runs a serpentine line of white, bordered on the outer side
with red. Between this and the orange bar is a broad tinge of light
purple. The other side, next the tip, is light brown, stained with blood
colour. From the black spot to the interior angle runs a black serpentine
line, inclosing a space of dark buff, between which and the dark buff
margin is a light buff irregular streak. Posterior wings similar to the
superior, but the orange bar is redder and broader, running parallel with
the external edge, and is bordered on the inner side with white; the part
of the wing within this is deep rusty brown, with a larger white spot in
the middle, verged with black, and tinged behind with red brown. The
colour below the red bar is deep rusty brown, the border along the
external edge being of a dark dirty buff, whereon are two small dark
lines, having an irregular indented line of the same dirty buff above
them. The wings are entire.

_Under Side._ The markings on all the wings are more distinct, and
brighter than on the upper. The posterior wings, and the major part of
the anterior, being covered with dust-like buff hairs, except the spots
and buff margins round the edges. The posterior wings along the anterior
edges being verged with white, which becomes broader as it approaches the
shoulders.

The caterpillar of this fine moth feeds upon the wild American plum (Prunus Pensylvanica), garden plum, &c. It is thick and fleshy, of a pale green colour, with a pair of small blue spots on each segment, and with two rows of short and setose yellow dorsal tubercles. One observed by Abbot, spun up on the 17th of June, and the moth came out on the 30th of March following. The cocoon is attached to a twig. The outside web is coarse, and the inner covered with silk, like a silk-worm's cocoon. Abbot states that this silk has been carded, spun, and made into stockings, and that it will wash like linen. The species is, however, too rare to be of any utility in Georgia. It is, however, much more abundant in the neighbourhood of New York, and has been bred in England from some brought over in the chrysalis state. It is difficult to rear it in confinement.

SPILOSOMA ARGE.

Plate XVIII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Arctiidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. SPILOSOMA, _Steph._ Arctia, _Latr._ Eyprepia, p. _Ochs._ Phalæna
(Noctua), _Drury_.

SPILOSOMA ARGE. Alis albidis, nigro-maculatis et lineatis, posticis
incarnatis lineâ marginali fulvâ; abdomine concolori maculis nigris.
(Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Arge, _Drury, App. v._ 2. _Oliv. Enc. Méth._ 5. 92.
232.

Bombyx Dione, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 442. _No._ 106. _Abbot and
Smith, Ins. Georg. t._ 63.

HABITAT: New York; taken on the 20th day of May.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ filiform, and cream-coloured at the base, but black
at their extremities. The tongue is small, and curled up. The neck red,
having two small black streaks above it. The thorax and abdomen
cream-coloured. On the former are three black streaks. On each annulus of
the abdomen is a black spot, and another on each side. Anterior wings
cream-coloured, with many black spots and marks thereon, of different
forms and sizes, and varying very greatly in different specimens. The
{34}anterior margin red. Posterior wings almost transparent, dirty
cream-coloured, tinged with red, whereon are many oblong sooty spots.
Ciliæ cream-coloured, within which is a narrow red line.

_Under Side._ The colours are more faint and dirty than those on the
upper. Anterior femora red, with two black spots thereon, close to the
head. Tarsi black and cream-coloured.

The caterpillar of this insect is brown, with five pale longitudinal lines, and with long hairs arising from fulvous tubercles. It feeds, according to Abbot, upon plantain, corn, peas, and many other plants. A specimen observed by this author was hatched on the 23d of July, spun up on the 28th of August, and the moth appeared on the 9th of September. It is said occasionally to make great devastation among Indian corn. Sir J. E. Smith ascertained the specific identity of this insect from Dr. Hunter's Museum, examined by Fabricius, who has neglected to cite Drury's figure.

SPILOSOMA CUNEA.

Plate XVIII. fig. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Arctiidæ.

GENUS. SPILOSOMA, _Steph._ Arctia, _Latr._ Eyprepia, _Ochs._ Phalæna
(Noctua),_Drury_.

SPILOSOMA CUNEA. Alis albis, anticis maculis permultis, posticis duabus
nigris, abdomine concolori nigro-maculato. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 5 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Bombyx) Cunea, _Drury, App. v._ 2.

Phalæna punctatissima, _Abbot and Smith, Ins. Georg. t._ 70?

HABITAT: New York (_Drury_). Georgia and Virginia (_Abbot and Smith_).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ pectinated and black. There is no appearance of any
tongue. Head white. Back and abdomen ash colour. Anterior wings white,
with a great number of spots differently shaped of a sooty black colour.
On the external margin are five spots, those nearest the tips being
shaped like triangles. Posterior wings white, with a sooty spot on each
near the external edge, and a very faint small mark near the exterior
angle.

_Under Side._ Legs black. Breast and abdomen ash colour. The wings marked
as on the upper side.

There seems little reason for doubting that this is identical with the Phalæna punctatissima of Abbot and Smith, of which the female is entirely white. The last named species feeds upon the mulberry, persimmon, willow, and wild cherry of America. One observed by Abbot spun up on the 16th of May, and came out on the 1st of June. The whole brood of caterpillars feed together in a web, and will often entirely destroy the leaves of a small tree. The name proposed by Drury evidently alludes to the triangular spots on the margin of the anterior wings, and seems quite as expressive as that employed by Sir J. E. Smith, who seems to have treated Drury's work on several occasions as scarcely deserving of notice.

{35}NOCTUA (ACONTIA?) NUNDINA.

Plate XVIII. fig. 5.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Noctuidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. NOCTUA, _Auct._ (SUBGENUS, Acontia? _Ochsenh. Treit._) Phalæna
(Noctua), _Drury_.

NOCTUA (ACONTIA?) NUNDINA. Alis anticis pallide cinereis albido
variegatis, literâ nigrâ ante apicem notatis. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 3
lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Nundina, _Drury, App. v._ 2.

HABITAT: New York.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ thread-like, of a reddish brown. The tongue curled
spirally. Head and thorax ash colour. Anterior wings the same, whereon
are several faint marks of a light sand colour. Close to the anterior
margin, about a third from the tips, is a black mark, resembling an I of
the German text characters. Posterior wings silvery white, with a small,
faint, light, sandy border, and a small oblong brown discoidal spot.

_Under Side._ Anterior wings silvery white, with a faint indistinct dark
brown border running along the external margin, and two dark marks
opposite the German text character. Posterior wings silvery white; the
oblong brown spots are here plainly seen as on the upper side.

PLATE XIX.

PAPILIO PALAMEDES.

Plate XIX. fig. 1. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Papilionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PAPILIO, _Auct._

PAPILIO PALAMEDES. Alis dentatis nigris, fasciâ maculari maculisque
marginalibus flavis; posticis caudatis, his subtùs ad basin vittâ albâ
transversâ rectâ lunulisque rufis. (Expans. Alar. 5 unc.)

SYN. Papilio (Eq. Achiv.) Palamedes, _Drury, App. v._ 2. (1773). _Cramer,
pl._ 93. _fig._ A. B.

Pap. (Eq. Ach.) Calchas, _Fabr. Syst. Ent. p._ 453. _No._ 44. (1775).
_Ent. Syst._ 3. 1. _p._ 30. _No._ 90. _Herbst. Pap. tab._ 42. _Boisduval,
Hist. Nat. Lep._ 1. 337. _No._ 178. _Bdv. et Leconte, Icon. Lep. Amer.
Sept. pl._ 5.

HABITAT: Carolina (_Drury_). Georgia, Virginia (_Bdv._).

_Upper Side._ Head, back, and abdomen dark brown; the latter striped on
the sides with yellow. Two yellow lines, beginning at the palpi, encircle
the eyes, and, running along the shoulders, end at the base of the
inferior wings. Anterior wings brownish black; the external margin with
small yellow crescents, above which are nine yellow round spots. Above
this is another irregular row of yellow angular spots. Posterior wings
brownish black, each with a tail. Above it are six yellow spots, reaching
from the anal to the upper corner, with five small blue spots above them,
above which a yellow irregular bar runs across the middle of the wing,
having a black spot, whose upper edge is verged with blue, placed at the
anal angle, with a small tinge of orange above and below it.

_Under Side._ Breast and thighs yellow. Abdomen striped with yellow and
dark brown. Anterior wings brownish black, with the same yellow spots and
marks as on the upper side. Posterior wings brownish black, with six
yellow spots near the external edge, having a mark of orange in the
middle of each, above which is a row of orange crescents joined together,
whose upper edges are silver, and below each of them is a black circular
spot, whose inner part is a fine shining blue, from whence appears a
great number of powder-like gray spots. The anterior edge next the
shoulders, has a small orange streak, near which an orange-coloured line
begins, running parallel with the abdomen.

{36}The caterpillar is described by Boisduval as living upon several species of Laurus, and of a green colour, with pale blue spots, and scarlet belly and legs, with a scarlet eye-shaped spot on each side of the third segment. The chrysalis is gibbous, ferruginous on the back, with the belly rose-coloured, and four rows of pale blue dots. I have reverted to Drury's specific name, which has certainly the priority, as appears from the dates which I have introduced amongst the synonyms. Dr. Boisduval has given another species of this genus under the name of Palamedes, described by Fabricius under that name, but considered by him to be a Nymphalis. This latter species must consequently receive a new denomination.

MELITÆA PELOPS.

Plate XIX. fig. 3. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. MELITÆA, _Fabr._ Argynnis, _Latr. God._ Papilio (Pleb. rur.),
_Drury_.

MELITÆA PELOPS. Alis subrotundatis, integerrimis, suprà fulvis nigro
reticulatis; posticis subtùs carneis fusco undatis. (Expans. Alar. 1
unc.)

SYN. Papilio (Pleb. rur.) Pelops, _Drury, App. v._ 2.

Argynnis Pelopsa, _Latr. et God. Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 290. _No._ 62.

HABITAT: St. Christopher's (_Drury_).

_Upper Side._ Thorax and abdomen brown, the latter spotted with faint
brown orange. Wings black, with several rows of large brown orange spots,
crossing the wings, of different shapes and sizes.

_Under Side._ Anterior wings orange brown, spotted with black, having the
appearance of indented lines running across them. Posterior wings dark
flesh-coloured, marked and spotted with brown, and having five minute
silver spots at equal distances, parallel with the external edge. The
wings are entire.

HESPERIA ARCAS.

Plate XIX. fig. 5. 6.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Hesperiidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. HESPERIA, _Latr. Godart_. Battus, p. _Scop._ Papilio (Pl. ruric),
_Linn._

HESPERIA ARCAS. Alis nigricantibus immaculatis, margine integro, anticis
subtùs margine interno dilutiore maculâ parvâ unicâ albâ. (Expans. Alar.
1 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Pleb. ruric.) Arcas, _Drury. App. v._ 2.

Papilio (Pl. urb.) Philemon, _Fabr. Syst. Ent. p._ 534. _No._ 392. _Ent.
Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 346. _No._ 314.

Hesperia Ph. _Latr. God. Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 788.

Papilio Flyas, _Cram. pl._ 328. E.

HABITAT: St. Christopher's.

_Upper Side._ Thorax and abdomen black. Wings very dark brownish black,
immaculate. Margins entire.

_Under Side._ Legs, breast, and abdomen dark brown, but rather lighter
than on the upper side, immaculate, except a small white spot on the
anterior, placed near the anterior edge towards the tip.

{37}PLATE XX.

EREBUS CREPUSCULARIS?

Plate XX. fig. 1. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna, FAMILY: Noctuidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. EREBUS, _Latrielle_. Thysania, _Dalman._ Noctua, _Fabr._ Phalæna
(Attacus), _Linn._

EREBUS CREPUSCULARIS? Alis griseis, fasciâ maculisque albis, anticis
ocello fusco, posticis fasciis duabus dentatis fuscis fulvo marginatis.
(Expans. Alar. 4 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Attacus) Crepuscularis? _Linn. S. N._ 2. 811. _No._ 13.
_Drury, App. v._ 2. _Oliv. Enc. Méth._ 8. 255. 19.

HABITAT: China (_Drury_). America (_Linn._).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ setaceous. Palpi standing erect above the head.
Tongue spiral. Neck with a narrow ring of white. Thorax dark brown.
Abdomen dirty buff colour. Anterior wings dark nut brown at the base;
paler at the external margin. On the anterior margin, next the tip, is a
white subtriangular spot; and from the middle arises a white bar, which
runs obliquely to the middle of the wing, but suddenly turns and runs to
the base of the posterior margin; from the inner angle of this bar, near
the middle of the wing, a black line runs towards the front of the wing,
forming a large eye. Within the external margin are many dark and white
marks. All the wings are scolloped. Posterior wings, next the shoulders,
are of a dirty buff colour; remainder nut brown, separated by a narrow
line of darker brown, beneath which runs a small narrow line of buff, and
a quarter of an inch below this is another line, crossing the wing. From
thence, to the external edge, are several darker coloured clouds, and
white marks of different shapes and forms; particularly a white angular
spot on the anterior edge, near the corner.

_Under Side._ All the wings of a pale clay colour, inclining to buff. On
the anterior, the two white spots at the tips, visible on the upper side,
appear here also; and several smaller ones on other parts of the wings.
The white bar being less distinct than the other white marks; but on the
posterior wings the white angular spot, near the upper corner, is very
plain and strong.

The diversity of the habitats, given by Drury and Linnæus, render it doubtful whether that figured by the former be identical with that described by the latter.

NOCTUA LUNATA.

Plate XX. fig. 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Noctuidæ.

GENUS. NOCTUA, _Auct._ SUBGENUS.--?

NOCTUA LUNATA. Alis fuscis, strigis multis transversis; anticis maculâ
centrali, alterâ angulatâ apicali, fasciâque obliquâ posticâ nigris.
(Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Lunata, _Drury, App. v._ 3.

HABITAT: Carolina, Virginia.

_Upper Side._ The antennæ light brown and setaceous. The tongue spiral.
Palpi not very hairy. The head, thorax, abdomen, and wings
hazel-coloured. Anterior wings with a waved line, of a dark brown colour,
placed near the anterior angle, beginning at the posterior and ending at
the external edge. At the shoulders, and along the anterior margin, are
several small dark brown clouds and marks, that {38}produce a darker
shade. Posterior wings with a series of narrow transverse waved lines,
extending from the middle to the external edges. All the wings are
dentated.

_Under Side._ The breast, abdomen, and wings are all of a paler hazel
colour. Anterior wings dappled with dark brown on the middle of the
anterior edge, and spotted with minute short brown streaks, as well as
the posterior.

GEOMETRA (ANGERONA) SERRATA.

Plate XX. fig. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Geometridæ, _Steph._

GENUS. GEOMETRA. Subg. Angerona, _Duponch, Steph._ Hipparchus p. _Leach.
Curt._

GEOM. (ANGERONA) SERRATA. Alis luteo-fulvis dentatis, fasciâ latâ apicali
maculâ basali anticarum fasciâque basali posticarum ferrugineis. (Expans.
Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin)

SYN. Phal. (Noctua) Serrata, _Drury_, _App. v._ 2.

HABITAT: New York; taken on the 26th of June.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ and head of a reddish buff colour, the former
setaceous. Tongue very small and spiral. Thorax and abdomen yellow buff
colour; as are all the wings in general. The anterior having a bar of
brown red colour, which begins at the tips, and runs across the wings,
almost to the middle of the posterior edge; occupying all that space
along the external margin. At the base is a small cloud of the same
colour, but much fainter. Posterior wings with a broad marginal bar of
the same brown red. A small faint line likewise crosses these wings. The
buff ground is sprinkled all over with faint, irregular, dark brown
spots, that in some specimens are scarcely visible. All the wings are
dentated; the lower ones most deeply.

_Under Side._ Wings yellow buff, with brown red markings, as on the upper
side, but less distinct. The irroration stronger and plainer, being also
sprinkled over the brown bars.

PLATE XXI.

ARGYNNIS PHALANTA.

Plate XXI. fig. 1. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains_.

GENUS. ARGYNNIS, _Fabr. Latr. et Godart_. Argyreus, _Scop._ Dryades,
_Hubn_.

ARGYNNIS PHALANTA. Alis subdentatis, fulvis nigro maculatis, posticis
subtus ad extimum argenteo-purpurascentibus, ocellis aliquot fulvis.
(Expans. Alar. 3 unc.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Phalanta, _Drury, App. v._ 2. _Fabr. Ent.
Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 149. _Latr. et God. Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 259. Papilio
Culumbina, _Cram. pl._ 337. D. E. ([male]) _pl._ 238. A. B. ([female]).

HABITAT: China (_Drury_). East Indies (_Fabricius, &c._). Isle Mauritius
(_I. O. W._).

_Upper Side._ Thorax and abdomen of a dirty clay colour. Anterior wings
of a fine deep clay colour, the tips being of a dirty black; which colour
is continued, by irregular and indented marks, along the external edges,
almost to the interior angle, where are several clay-coloured spots and
marks. Above these are four round spots, running obliquely toward the
shoulders. Several other black marks are dispersed on different parts of
the wings, particularly near the anterior edges. Posterior wings deep
clay-coloured, with two black waved or indented lines, running along the
external margin. Over these {39}are four small, round, black spots,
placed two and two. Above these, nearer the shoulders, are several small,
black, oblong spots, placed irregularly. The wings, particularly the
posterior pair, are a little dentated.

_Under Side._ Anterior wings, at the base and along the posterior edges,
clay-coloured. Near the interior angle of each wing is a round black
spot; several others which are very small, oblong, and fainter, being
scattered about on different parts. Posterior wings, at the base, fainter
clay-coloured. About half the wings, from the external edges, are of a
blueish clay colour, which is separated from the other part by a faint
waved line of a reddish hue. Two other faint waved lines also run along
the external edges, answering to the black ones on the upper side; and
the four black spots seen there are very small on this side, being but
just perceptible.

MELITÆA PHAETON.

Plate XXI. fig. 3. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Sw_.

GENUS. MELITÆA, _Fabr._ Argynnis, _Latr. et God._ Papilio (Dan. Festiv.),
_Drury_.

MELITÆA PHAETON. Alis subrotundatis integerrimis, nigris, singularum
extimo suprà, paginâ omni subtùs fulvo flavoque maculatis. (Expans. Alar.
3 unc. 9 lin. fere.)

SYN. Papilio (Dan. Festiv.) Phaeton, _Drury_, _App. v._ 2. _Fabr. Ent.
Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 46. _No._ 140. _Cramer, pl._ 193. _f._ C. D. Argynnis
Phaetontea, _Latr. et God. Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 288. _Boisduv. Hist. nat.
Lep. pl._ 7. _B. f._ 3.

HABITAT: New York; taken in June and September, whence there are probably
two broods in the year.

_Upper Side._ Body and wings black. The anterior pair of the latter with
nine red spots placed near the external edges; above which are two rows
of spots, of a lemon colour, with some other small ones placed near the
upper edges. Posterior wings with eight red triangular spots, placed
close to the external edges. Above these is a row of lemon-coloured
crescents; and above that is another row of lemon-coloured round spots.
The wings are entire.

_Under Side._ Anterior wings black, with a red indented margin; within
the external edge is a row of lemon-coloured crescents. Near the costa,
about the middle of each wing, are two larger red spots, and a smaller
one at the corner, next the shoulders. The remainder of the wings is
sprinkled with lemon-coloured spots, of different shapes and sizes, in
all about twenty-six on each. Posterior wings black, having their
external edges margined with triangular red spots; above which is a row
of lemon-coloured crescents; and over these is a row of round
lemon-coloured spots. The remaining part of the wings is covered with
lemon-coloured and red spots; the former very small, and the latter
rather large, and angularly shaped.

MELITÆA THAROS.

Plate XXI. fig. 5. 6.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Sw._

GENUS. MELITÆA, _Fabr._ Argynnis, _Latr. et God._ Papilio (Dan. Festiv.)
_Drury_.

MELITÆA THAROS. Alis subrotundatis integerrimis, supra fulvis, lineis
plurimis transversis limboque communi nigris, posticis utrinque ad
extimum strigâ punctorum nigrorum. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 6 lin. fere.)

SYN. Papilio (Dan. Festiv.) Tharos, _Drury_, _App. v._ 2. _Cramer, pl._
169. _fig._ E. F.

Argynnis Tharossa, _Latr. et God. Encycl. Méth._ ix. _p._ 289. _No._ 61.

HABITAT: New York.

{40}_Upper Side._ Head, body, and abdomen dark brown. Anterior wings
varied with dark brown and orange; in some the dark brown occupying the
greater part of the wings, in others the orange colour is predominant;
but the tips and external edges in all are dark brown; in some two ocelli
are seen close to the anterior edge, and near the lower corner; but in
others these ocelli are not to be discovered. Posterior wings dark brown
and orange. Round the edge is a waved dark border, through which a small
waved white line, runs from the anal angle about half way; above this are
placed, in a row, five round ocelli, and one oblong, next the anal angle;
the pupils being black, and the irides orange colour. Above these is a
broad orange-coloured band, and next the body the wings are dark brown.
All the wings are entire.

_Under Side._ Anterior wings, at the base, deep clay-coloured, with some
dark brown clouds on the anterior edges and interior angles; but in some
these clouds are hardly perceptible. In some a small scolloped line runs
along the external edges, from the tips to the lower corners, of a
reddish hue; in others this is not to be seen, having a dark brown border
in that part. Posterior wings very pale clay-coloured, with a cloud on
the middle of the external edges, of a reddish brown; where (in some) is
a silver spot like a half moon. The black pupils of the six ocelli, seen
on the upper side, are, in some specimens, very small here, and just
perceptible; in others they are not to be seen. "In short, nature forms
such a variety of this species, that it is difficult to set bounds, or to
know all that belongs to it."--_Drury._

PLATE XXII.

PAPILIO THOAS.

Plate XXII. fig. 1. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Papilionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS: PAPILIO, _Auct._

PAPILIO THOAS. Alis suprà nigris, fasciâ communi lunulisque
submarginalibus flavis, posticis caudatis, his subtus maculâ discoidali
ferrugineâ lunulisque coeruleis. (Expans. Alar. 4 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Equ. Ach.) Thoas, _Linn. Mant. p._ 536. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._
III. 1. _p._ 32. _No._ 94. _Cramer, pl._ 167. _fig._ A. B. _Latr. et God.
Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 62. 103. _Boisduval et Leconte Icon. Lep. Amer.
Sept. pl._ 12. _et_ 13. _Boisd. H. n. Lep._ 1. _p._ 355.

Var. Pap. Cresphontes, _Cramer_, 165, 166, A.

HABITAT: Surinam (_Drury_). Paraguay to Georgia (_Boisd._).

_Upper Side._ Thorax black. Two small yellow streaks extend from the eyes
to the shoulders. Abdomen yellow, with a black dorsal line; apex red
brown. Wings black, with deep yellow spots on them. A yellow bar, near
half an inch broad, begins at the middle of the superior wings, and
running parallel with the anterior edges, crosses the inferior ones just
below the shoulders. Several oval and oblong yellow spots are placed
between the tips and this bar. One also is situated close above it, near
the middle of the wing; being separated from it by the tendon, which is
black. Below the bar are four small spots, beginning at the interior
angle (the first being double). Posterior wings furnished with two black
tails, having a long yellow stripe in the middle. About a quarter of an
inch above the external edge is a row of six yellow spots, whereof one is
obscured by the anterior wing; there being but five shewn in the plate.

_Under Side._ The breast is ash colour. Anterior wings partly soot
colour, but principally yellow. A row of eight yellow spots is situated
within the external margin, and the yellow bar, observable on the upper
side, is not to be distinguished on this. Several small yellow lines rise
at the shoulders, and expanding like the sticks of a fan, occupy almost
the chief membrane of the wing. {41}Between these, and the row of eight
spots, are two large yellow patches, which nearly take up that middle
space, with black tendons crossing them like fine threads. Posterior
wings, next the shoulders, yellow, continuing to about the middle of the
wings. External margin soot-coloured; having a broad bar of yellow above
it, whose upper side resembles a row of arches. Above this is an
irregular black bar, running from the anterior edges, across the wings,
with two small scarlet streaks at the anal angles. On this bar is a row
of blue crescents, answering to and placed just above the arch-like bar
before-mentioned; and in the centre is a faint mark of scarlet.

The caterpillar of this butterfly feeds upon the orange-trees, from Paraguay to Georgia. Its back is covered with large irregular white spots, with brown marks, which extend along the middle and posterior parts of the body. The chrysalis is of a bright brown, with several black dots.

PAPILIO SINON.

Plate XXII. fig. 3. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Papilionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PAPILIO, _Auct._

PAPILIO SINON. Alis nigris, fasciis communibus virescenti-albis, posticis
lunulis sex submarginalibus virescenti-albis anguloque ani rubro.
(Expans. Alar. 3 unc. fere.)

SYN. Papilio Sinon, _Fabr. Syst. Ent. p._ 452. _Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._
26. 75. _Cramer, tab._ 317. _fig._ C. D. E. F. _Ency. Méth._ ix. _p._ 53.
_Boisduv. Hist. Nat. Lep._ 1. _p._ 260.

Papilio (Eq. Achiv.) Protesilaus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica (_Drury_). Florida, Cuba (_Boisduv._). North America
(_Enc. Méth._).

_Upper Side._ The thorax black; the hair thereof greenish. Abdomen black.
All the wings black; posterior ones being furnished with two tails, edged
with white. Close to the shoulders, in the anterior wings, rises a stripe
of sea-green, which crosses the inferior ones; and, running parallel with
the abdominal margin, ends near the extremity of the body. A little below
this is a small scarlet spot, placed near the anal angle; with two
smaller spots, of a green colour, below it. At a little distance from the
shoulders, a second green stripe, rather broader than the first, begins
at the posterior edge of the anterior wings, and crosses the inferior
ones, parallel with the first, being continued a little lower. On the
anterior wings, about the middle of the anterior edge, rises a bar, of a
fine sea-green colour, which crossing both wings, terminates at the
middle of the posterior, being narrowest at each end. A row of eight
white spots runs parallel with the external edge, ending at the lower
corner. Near the external edges of the posterior wings is placed a row of
five crescents, of a green colour.

_Under Side._ Breast and abdomen grey-coloured. Anterior wings light
chesnut, having a darker cloud near the anterior angle. All the green
spots and marks, seen on the upper side, are also visible here. The
ground of the posterior wings is rather paler than the anterior; and the
green marks and stripes are rather larger here, than on the upper side.
The scarlet spot, on the abdominal edge, is considerably larger on this
side. A scarlet stripe also begins on the anterior edge, and fills
completely the space between the broad green bar and the second stripe,
mentioned above, extending as low as the extremity of the body. The two
scollops, next the abdominal corner, are black; whereon appear a few blue
powder-like specks.

{42}M. Boisduval states that Drury's figure is "peu exacte." It is true, indeed, that the figure does not agree with the description given by that author, who describes the fourth pale fascia as "bifide dans la cellule discoidale des premières ailes." The exact uniformity in the shape of this fascia, in both of Drury's figures, renders its correctness evident, and consequently the insect figured by Drury must be regarded as a variety of the species described by Boisduval.

PLATE XXIII.

NOCTUA MELICERTA.

Plate XXIII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Noctuidæ.

GENUS. NOCTUA, _Auct._

NOCTUA MELICERTA. Alis anticis variegatis, posticis nigris, fasciâ
maculisque tribus marginalibus albis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Melicerta, _Drury, Append. v._ 2. _Cramer, tab._
62. _fig._ C. D.?

Noctua mercatoria, _Fab. Ent. Syst._ III. 2. _p._ 62. _No_. 175.?
_Gmelin, Linn., S. N._ 2544. 1039.

Noctua tigrina, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 2. _p._ 40. _No._ 105. _Oliv.
Enc. Méth._ 8. 277. 131.

Noctua vulpina, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 2. _p._ 39. _No._ 102.

Phalæna Melicene, _Cram. tab._ 323. _fig._ C. D.

HABITAT: India, Bombay (_Drury_).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ filiform. Tongue small and spiral. Thorax and
abdomen light brown. Anterior wings light greyish brown, and, when held
in some particular directions, having a hue like mother-of-pearl. Several
irregular bars, of a deeper brown, cross the wings, and the external
margin is bordered with pale purple or pearl colour. Posterior wings dark
liver-coloured, grey-brown at the base, and hairy. In the middle is a
broad bar, of purplish white, running across the wing. On the external
edge are three white square spots. The anterior wings are a little
dentated; the inferior ones entire.

_Under Side._ Palpi remarkably long and pointed. Anterior wings dark
brown; the external edge being purplish grey, with a whitish separated
bar, running from the middle of the anterior edge to the interior angle.
Posterior wings light greyish brown, palest at the base, and grey at the
external edge, having a dark spot at the anal angle, and a smaller faint
one near the shoulders; with several indented lines crossing the wings in
different places.

Fabricius appears to have described this insect in his Entomologia Systematica, under three different names. It probably forms the type of a distinct subgenus in the family Noctuidæ.

{43}CATOCALA EPIONE.

Plate XXIII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Noctuidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. CATOCALA, _Schrank_. Blephara, _Hübn._ Phalæna (Noctua), _Linn._

CATOCALA EPIONE. Alis anticis fuscis, strigis transversis dentatis
ferrugineis et atris, posticis nigris, ciliâ albâ. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc.
6 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Epione, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Oliv. Encycl.
Méthod._ 8. 288. _No._ 190.

HABITAT: New York (_Drury_). Philadelphia (_I. O. W_.).

_Upper Side._ Thorax and abdomen of a sooty ash colour. Anterior wings
dark chocolate, with an undulated ferruginous line, running from the
anterior edge to the posterior, and near the middle of the wings; with
several other lighter not very distinct marks thereon. Posterior wings
black; cilia white.

_Under Side._ Anterior wings, at the base, dark ash colour, which as it
extends further on the wings, becomes black; and next the tips is
soot-coloured. Seven white spots run along the external margin. Above
them is a white line, running from the anterior edge, narrowing as it
goes, and ending near the posterior; between which and the shoulders is a
rather large oblong white spot. Posterior wings, next the shoulders and
abdominal edges, very dark ash colour, which deepens along the wings to
black; cilia white. A faint white streak runs also a little way down the
wing from the anterior margin. All the wings are a little dentated.

NOCTUA PALES.

Plate XXIII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Noctuidæ.

GENUS. NOCTUA, _Auct._

NOCTUA PALES. Alis luteis, anticis strigâ transversâ punctoque apicali
fuscis. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Pales, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: St. Christopher's.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ filiform. Tongue spiral. Head small. Thorax,
abdomen, and wings light orange clay-coloured, without any markings,
except on the anterior wings, where a faintish bar crosses the middle;
and, near the tips of the wings, is a small dark spot. The wings are
entire.

_Under Side._ The same colour as the upper, immaculate.

CALLIMORPHA? VINOSA.

Plate XXIII. fig. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Arctiidæ.

GENUS. CALLIMORPHA? _Latr._ Sphinx p. _Drury_.

CALLIMORPHA? VINOSA. Alis nigris subdiaphanis, anticarum marginibus
anticis et posticis rufo fulvis maculâ magnâ externâ (in medio albâ
margine nigro); posticis fasciâ submarginali rufo-fulvâ. (Expans. Alar. 2
unc. fere.)

SYN. Sphinx Vinosa, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Antigua.

{44}_Upper Side._ The antennæ are black, small, and pectinated. The
tongue not discoverable. Thorax and base of abdomen yellow orange; the
remainder of the abdomen rusty grey, with a black stripe down the top of
it. Anterior wings black and transparent, like gauze; the anterior and
posterior margins bordered with orange. The tips of the wings are
likewise broadly orange, through the middle of which runs a broad bar of
white, from the anterior to the middle of the external edge, where it is
narrowest, being edged with black. Posterior wings black, and like gauze;
the external edge having a narrow orange stripe running from the anal
margin, half way to the exterior angle. The wings are entire.

_Under Side._ The abdomen is grey, with a black line running from the
thorax to the tail. Anterior wings not edged with orange; the tips are
black, where the white bar is plainly seen, having an orange spot on the
edge, near the external and lower corners. Posterior wings as on the
upper side.

This insect seems to form the type of a distinct subgenus between Nudaria and Callimorpha.

NOCTUA NUMERIA.

Plate XXIII. fig. 5.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Noctuidæ.

GENUS. NOCTUA, _Auct._

NOCTUA NUMERIA. Alis fuscis, anticis vittâ longitudinali albâ, anticè
strigis undulatis transversis; posticis maculâ externâ albâ. (Expans.
Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Numeria, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ filiform. Tongue spiral. Head, thorax, and abdomen
fine brown. Anterior wings fine brown, through the middle of which runs a
small longitudinal bar of white or pearl, beginning just below the
shoulders, and losing itself just below the tips. Above this bar the
wings are watered with various marks of dark and light brown. Behind it
they are of a darker shade, except a spot near the middle of a yellowish
brown. Posterior wings dark brown, with two white marks on the edges,
about a third of an inch long; beginning on the anterior edge, and
crossing the corner to the external edge.

_Under Side._ Breast, legs, abdomen, and wings greyish brown or russet,
with some faint, dark indented lines running across all the wings in
different parts. The white marks on the edges of the posterior wings are
very visible on this side. The wings are entire.

CATOCALA AFFINIS.

Plate XXIII. fig. 6.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Noctuidæ.

GENUS. CATOCALA, _Schr._ Blephara, _Hübn._ Phalæna (Noctua), _Linn._

CATOCALA AFFINIS. Alis anticis fuscis maculis ordinariis discoidalibus
strigisque dentatis obscurioribus; posticis fulvis fasciâ centrali
margineque postico latè nigris. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Paranympha, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. (excl. syn.
Linnæan.)

HABITAT: New York; taken on the 27th day of July.

{45}_Upper Side._ The thorax and anterior wings dark chocolate, with a
small, narrow, irregular black line crossing the wings, near the external
edge; having near it, just above the fringe, a row of seven small grey
spots. Posterior wings pale orange; having a deep black border. A rather
broad black line runs in a circular direction from the anterior edge,
through the middle of the wings, to the lower part of the interior
margin. At the outer angle is a small spot of a pale orange.

_Under Side._ Anterior wings at the base of a dark clay colour, with a
large yellowish cloud occupying all the middle part; in which is a large
black streak running across the wing. Posterior wings marked as on the
upper side, but all the colours fainter.

PLATE XXIV.

ACTIAS LUNA.

Plate XXIV. fig. 1.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Bombycidæ.

GENUS. ACTIAS, _Leach._ Saturnia, _Schrank._ Attacus, _Germar._ Phalæna
(Attacus), _Linn._

ACTIAS LUNA. Alis caudatis flavo-virentibus concoloribus, ocello disci
lunato, margine antico anticarum purpureo. (Expans. Alar. 5 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Attacus) Luna, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 2. 810. _No._ 5. _Catesby
Carolina, 2nd vol. p._ 85. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 414. _No._ 22.
_Gmel. Linn. S. N._ 2404. 5. _Abbot & Smith Ins. Georgia, pl._ 48. _Oliv.
Enc. Méth._ 5. 29. 20. _Pal. Beauv. Ins. Afr. & Am. Lep. pl._ 22. _f._ 3.
_Leach Zool. Misc. v._ 2. (Actias L.)

HABITAT: New York, Carolina, Virginia, Maryland.