Chapter VI: Part 6

The golden spots, or streaks, on this insect vary very much; in some
individuals being ash-coloured, some blue, and in others nearly white.
The colour also of the wing-cases in some is almost black, in others of a
red brown.

{64}COPRIS MOLOSSUS.

Plate XXXII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Scarabæidæ.

GENUS. COPRIS, _Geoffroy_. Scarabæus, _Linn._

COPRIS MOLOSSUS. Thorace retuso bidentato, utrinque impresso; clypeo
lunato unicorni integro, elytris lævibus. (Long. Corp. 2 unc.)

SYN. Scarabæus Molossus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 543. _No._ 8.
_Fabricius Ent. Syst._ 1. p. 51. No. 167. _Olivier,_ 1. 3. _t._ 5. _f._
37. [male]. _t._ 4. _fig._ 25. _De Geer. Ins._ 1. _t._ 32. _f._ 2.
_Schonherr Syn. Ins. p._ 43.

HABITAT: China.

Entirely black. Head broad and thin, rounded in front and margined;
having a strong erect horn, near half an inch long. Thorax margined, and
much elevated, terminating upwards in an high ridge, whose sides are
furnished with two short horns, varying very much in their length (the
females being entirely hornless); it is also, as well as the head,
regularly covered with innumerable small pustules, which are scarce
visible to the naked eye. Scutellum obsolete. Elytra margined, short, and
almost smooth. Femora broad, hairy, and strong. Tibiæ with strong spurs.
Ungues very small, scarcely visible.

PHILEURUS DIDYMUS.

Plate XXXII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Dynastidæ.

GENUS. PHILEURUS, _Latreille_. Geotrupes, _Fabr._ Scarabæus, _Linn._

PHILEURUS DIDYMUS. Depressus, thorace fossulâ excavatâ, capite
tricuspide, elytris striatis. (Long. Corp. 2 unc.)

SYN. Scarabæus Didymus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 545. _No._ 19.
_Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 1. _p._ 20. _No._ 61. _Oliv. Ent._ 1. 3. _p._ 42.
_No._ 46. _t._ 2. _fig._ 9. _Schonherr Syn. Inst._ 1. _p._ 19. _No._ 85.
_Pal. Beauv. Ins. Col. pl._ 16. _f._ 3.

HABITAT: (----? _Drury_). America (_Fabricius_).

Head, black, small, and triangular, having three tubercles issuing from
it, of which the anterior is pointed, the others blunt. Thorax black,
which is the general colour of the insect, rounded, smooth, and margined,
having an impression in front, with a short tubercle situated on it near
the edge; from whence runs a hollow groove or channel to the posterior
margin. Scutellum small. Elytra shining, margined and furrowed. Abdomen
smooth and shining, without hair. Tibiæ furnished with spines, as are the
first joints of the middle and posterior tarsi.

BRACHYCERUS GLOBOSUS.

Plate XXXII. fig. 4.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Rhyncophora. FAMILY: Curculionidæ. SUBFAMILY:
Brachycerides.

GENUS. BRACHYCERUS, _Fabr._ Curculio, _Linn. &c._

BRACHYCERUS GLOBOSUS. Ovatus niger, rostro varioloso, subcarinato, medio
bifoviolato, basi bi-tuberculato, thorace utrinque spinoso, quinque
sulcato, postice truncato, elytris lævibus. (Long. Corp. 9 lin.)

SYN. Curculio Globosus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Fabr. Syst. Eleuth._ 2.
413. _No._ 6. _Oliv. Ent. V._ 82. _p._ 47. _No._ 6. _t._ 2. _f._ 10.
_Schonh. Syn. Ins. Curcul._ 1. 392. _No._ 9.

HABITAT: Cape of Good Hope.

{65}Head black, long, and rough above. Antennæ short, gradually
increasing in size from the base. Thorax black, and very rough; each side
terminating in a thick spine or tubercle. Elytra black, smooth, and
round, and reaching so far down the sides of the abdomen as almost to
meet underneath, being rather longer than the head and thorax. Femora and
tibiæ partly black, and partly of a dirty orange; being covered in
several parts with a kind of pile of the colour last mentioned. Scutellum
obsolete. Each of the ungues furnished with a spine.

HIPPORHINUS VERRUCOSUS.

Plate XXXII. fig. 5.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Rhyncophora. FAMILY: Curculionidæ. SUBFAMILY:
Entimides.

GENUS. HIPPORHINUS, _Schonh._ Bronchus, _Germar._ Curculio, _Linn. &c._

HIPPORHINUS VERRUCOSUS. Elongato-ovatus niger, æneo-micans, rostro quasi
abscisso, quinque sulcato, thorace confertim tuberculato, elytris
seriato-tuberculatis apice singulatim verrucâ crassâ auctis. (Long. Corp.
1 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Curculio Verrucosus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 12. _p._ 618. _No._ 90.
_Fabr. Syst. Eleuth._ 2. 534. _No._ 161. _Herbst. Col._ 6. 308. _t._ 84.
_fig._ 6. _Schonh. Syn. Ins. Curcul._ 1. 481. 27.

HABITAT: Cape of Good Hope.

General colour brassy black. Head long, and furnished with a thick
rostrum, whereon are placed the antennæ. Thorax rounded, and regularly
covered with small pustules. Head and thorax almost the length of the
elytra, which are long, brassy, and covered with several rows of
tubercles; some being small and round, others larger and oblong; they
extend very deeply down the sides of the abdomen, and at their
extremities terminate in two swellings. Scutellum obsolete. Femora
simple. Posterior tibiæ very crooked.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) PULCHRA.

Plate XXXII. fig. 6.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Lamiidæ.

GENUS. LAMIA, _Fabr. &c._ Cerambyx p. _Linn. &c._ SUBGENUS. Sternotomis,
_Percheron_.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) PULCHRA. Nigra, thorace transversé fulvo trifasciato,
elytris fulvo maculatis et variegatis, maculis interdum viridi-cinctis.
(Long. Corp. fere 1 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Cerambyx Pulcher. _Drury, App. vol._ 2. (nec C. pulcher Fabr. qui ad
C. mirabilem _Drurii_ pertinet.)

Lamia blanda, _Schonh. Syn. Ins._ 3. 373.

Lamia ornata, _Pal. Beauv. Ins. d'Afr. et d'Amer. Col. Pl._ 37. _f._ 1.

Lamia regalis, _Fabr.? Syst. Eleuth._ 2. 286.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head orange colour, encircled with black stripes. Antennæ black, being a
little longer than the insect. Thorax orange-coloured, encircled with
black rings; having a single spine on each side. Elytra with
orange-coloured clouds and spots on them, separated by black partitions,
some being margined with green. Abdomen orange-coloured, the middle being
of a dirty green. Femora simple, dark green. Tibiæ the same.

{66}PLATE XXXIII.

CETONIA AURATA, var. [Greek: g].

Plate XXXIII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Cetoniidæ.

GENUS. CETONIA, _Fabricius_. Scarabæus, _Linn._

CETONIA AURATA. Segmento abdominis primo lateribus unidentato, elytris
lineolis transversis albis. (Long. Corp. 9 lin.)

SYN. Scarabæus Pallidus, _Drury, App. v._ 2. _Herbst. Col._ III. _p._
247. 35. _tab._ 31. _fig._ 2.

Cetonia Aurata, _Duftschm. Fn. Aust._ 1. _p._ 166. 3. _Schonh. Syn. Ins._
III. _p._ 119. _No._ 37. [Greek: g].

HABITAT: Smyrna (_Drury_).

General colour above, rusty copper; beneath, shining purple. Thorax
smooth, margined, and narrow in front. Elytra margined, and near their
extremities a little protuberant. On the first joint of the abdomen are
two scales lying close under the hinder thighs, which are thin and sharp
on their edges, but next the body are thick and strong.[27] The breast is
a little hairy. Tibiæ dentated and hairy, except the fore ones. Each of
the tibiæ with two spurs.

CETONIA FASCICULARIS.

Plate XXXIII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Cetoniidæ.

GENUS. CETONIA, _Fabricius_. Scarabæus, _Linn._

CETONIA FASCICULARIS. Thorace lineis quatuor albis, elytris viridibus,
abdominis incisuris barbatis. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Scarabæus Fascicularis, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 557. 75.

Cetonia F. _Fabricius Syst. Eleuth._ 2. _p._ 144. 45. _Olivier Ent._ 1.
6. _p._ 16. 12. _t._ 11. _f._ 108. _Schonh. Syn. Ins._ 3. 126. 67.
_Petiv. Gazoph. t._ 8. _f._ 6. _Roesel. vol._ 2. _tab._ B. _f._ 6.

HABITAT: Cape of Good Hope.

Head black, small, and quadrangular. Antennæ black. Thorax black, smooth,
and shining; with a white margin on its sides, and two white lines
running from the neck to the posterior edge, being placed nearly at equal
distances. Scutellum triangular, black, and shining. Elytra dark green.
Each joint of the abdomen is covered with tufts of orange-coloured hairs
on its sides. Femora and tibiæ, particularly the fore ones, hairy. The
middle of the breast and abdomen is black and shining. Anterior tibiæ
with four spines and teeth; the middle ones with six, and the hind ones
with five.

{67}CETONIA CAPENSIS.

Plate XXXIII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Cetoniidæ.

GENUS. CETONIA, _Fabricius_. Scarabæus, _Linn._

CETONIA CAPENSIS. Rufa hirta, punctis albis adspersa. (Long. Corp. 10
lin.)

SYN. Scarabæus Capensis, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 556. 73. _Fabr.
Syst. Eleuth._ II. _p._ 144. 48. _Olivier Ent._ 16. _p._ 27. 28. _t._ 6.
38. n b. _Herbst. Col._ III. _tab._ 29. _f._ 12. _Schonh. Syn. Ins._ III.
127. 71.

Scarabæus albo punctatus, _De Geer Ins._ vii. _p._ 640. 40. _t._ 48. _f._
2.

HABITAT: Cape of Good Hope.

Head margined, black, and nearly quadrangular. Antennæ black. Thorax
margined, and of a dark chocolate colour; which, with the elytra and
scutellum, are hairy, and embellished with a great number of white spots.
The latter is black and shining. Elytra fine chocolate-coloured, and
faintly margined (the suture being black), not covering the anus. The
under part of the insect is covered with pale clay-coloured hairs; but on
the fore femora, and next the head, the hairs are browner.

CETONIA FASTUOSA.

Plate XXXIII. fig. 4.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Cetoniidæ.

GENUS. CETONIA, _Fabricius_. Scarabæus, _Linn._

CETONIA FASTUOSA. Ænea nitidissima, immaculata. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Cetonia Fastuosa, _Fabr. Syst. Eleuth._ II. _p._ 137. 10. _Panzer
Faun. Ins. Germ._ xii. 16.

Cetonia Aurata var. _Olivier Icon._ 6. _tab._ 1. 1. _f._ 1. _f._

Scarabæus æruginosus, _Drury, p._ 72. (Exclus. _Syn. Linn._)

HABITAT: Smyrna (_Drury_). South of Europe (_Fabricius_).

Entirely shining golden green-coloured, except the antennæ, which are
blackish. Head margined, small, and quadrangular. Thorax smooth and
margined. Scutellum triangular. The elytra margined, having two little
swellings near the extremities, and not extending beyond the anus. The
breast and abdomen are smooth. Mesosternum extending beyond the middle
thighs. Tibiæ armed with spines at the tips, and the fore ones deeply
dentated.

GYMNETIS NITIDA et var.

Plate XXXIII. fig. 5. 6.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Cetoniidæ.

GENUS. GYMNETIS, _MacLeay_. (_Horæ Ent._ 1. _p._ 1. _p._ 152.) Scarabæus,
_Linn._

GYMNETIS NITIDA. Glabra viridis, thoracis et elytrorum marginibus
testaceis, tibiis haud dentatis, capite spinâ recumbente. (Long. Corp.
fere 10 lin.)

SYN. Gymnetis Nitida, _MacLeay Horæ Ent._

Cetonia Nitida, _Fabr. Syst. Eleuth._ II. _p._ 139. 24. _Olivier Ent._ 1.
6. _p._ 18. 14. _t._ 3. _f._ 16. & _tab._ 7. _f._ 56. a, b, c.

Scarabæus N. _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 552. _No._ 51. _De Geer,
vol._ 14. _t._ 19. _f._ 8, 9.

HABITAT: Antigua, St. Christopher's, Jamaica, Maryland, New York,
Virginia, &c. (_Drury_).

{68}Head green, small, quadrangular, and margined. On the front is a
tubercle, like a short thick horn; in the middle is another lying flat.
Thorax margined, and of a dark green colour, but round the sides of a
dirty clay colour. Elytra faintly margined; in some specimens being of a
dark green, with a dark orange border on the sides; in others almost
entirely of a dark orange, and in others party-coloured. Thorax
terminating between the wing-cases, like an obtuse angle; but a
microscope discovers something like a scutellum. Breast and abdomen
shining green, and not hairy. The femora and tibiæ clay-coloured; but
when held in particular positions, seem of a shining green. Posterior
trochanters distinct.

MACRASPIS TETRADACTYLA.

Plate XXXIII. fig. 7.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Rutelidæ.

GENUS. MACRASPIS, _MacLeay_. Cetonia, _Fabr._ Scarabæus, _Linn._

MACRASPIS TETRADACTYLA. Atra, scutello elytris dimidio breviore, pedibus
triunguiculatis, pollice fixo. (Long. Corp. circ. 1 unc.)

SYN. Scarabæus Tetradactylus, _Linn. Mant._ 530. _Sloane Jamaica, t._
237. _f._ 2.

Cetonia T. _Fabr. Syst. El._ II. _p._ 151. 80. _Olivier Enc._ 1. 6. _p._
74. 93. _t._ 2. _f._ 8. & _t._ 7. _f._ 53.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Entirely deep shining black. Front of the head margined, from whence
underneath appear two lips. Thorax margined. Elytra not margined, nor
covering the anus. Scutellum remarkably large and long, reaching half way
down the wing-cases. Posterior trochanters distinct. Sternum long. Tibiæ
dentated, and armed with spines, particularly at the tips; tarsal joints
also furnished with spines. Ungues composed of two principal hooks, which
divide and separate as usual; but one has an immoveable lesser hook
within it, and likewise a long spine fixed to the last tarsal joint of
equal length with the hooks, as shewn in the figure near the insect.

GYMNETIS LANIUS.

Plate XXXIII. fig. 8.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Cetoniidæ.

GENUS. GYMNETIS, _MacLeay_. Scarabæus, _Linn._ Cetonia, _Fabr._

GYMNETIS LANIUS. Livida, thorace punctis duobus, elytris maculis plurimis
nigris, sterno antice cornuto. (Long. Corp. fere 1 unc.)

SYN. Scarabæus Lanius, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 557. _No._ 77?

Cetonia L. _Fabricius Syst. El._ II. _p._ 141. 34. _Olivier Ent._ 16.
_p._ 19. 15. _t._ 2. _f._ 4. _Sloane Jamaica_, II. _tab._ 237. _f._ 7. 8?

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head quadrangular, with a black margin. Antennæ brown. General colour
dirty clay. Thorax faintly margined, terminating between the wing-cases
in a blunt angle, having four black spots on the top near the head.
Elytra with a great number of black spots of different shapes sprinkled
all over them. Scutellum concealed. Femora hairy. Tibiæ the same, except
the fore ones; all of which are party-coloured, being at the base clay
colour, and at the tips black. The tarsi and ungues black. Posterior
trochanters large and strong. Sternum long, and inclined from the body.

{69}PLATE XXXIV.

DYNASTES SATYRUS.

Plate XXXIV. fig. 1. [male].--2. [female].

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Dynastidæ.

GENUS: DYNASTES, _MacLeay_. Geotrupes, _Fabricius_. Scarabæus, _Linn.
&c._

DYNASTES SATYRUS. Thorace inermi antice truncato; capitis cornu recurvo
capite longiori [male]; clypeo tuberculato, thorace plano. (Long. Corp. 1
unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Geotrupes Satyrus, _Fabr. Syst. Eleuth._ 1. 15. _No._ 49.

Scarabæus S. _Fabr. Spec. Ins._ 1. 12. _No._ 42. _Olivier Ent._ 13. _p._
39. _t._ 11. _f._ 94. a. b.

Scarabæus Jamaicensis, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Jablonsky, Nat. S._ II.
_p._ 83. _No._ 68. _t._ 9. _fig._ 8. 9. (nec Scar. Jamaicensis, _Fabr.
Oliv._)

HABITAT: New York.

_Male._ Head black, and furnished with a single horn terminating in a
point, and bending backwards, having in front two small protuberances;
hairy beneath. Thorax black, shining and margined; the upper part
elevated, and appearing almost perpendicular. Elytra margined and
furrowed; also black, as is the anus. Abdomen reddish brown, with dark
yellow hairs. Thighs brown, almost black; broad, strong, and hairy.
Anterior tibiæ deeply dentated with a strong spine at the tips, and
hairy. Middle tibiæ strong, and very spinose; particularly at the tips,
where there are two long ones on each, which are likewise very hairy.
Ungues very small. Scutellum triangular and small.

_Female._ Resembles the male in every part but the thorax and head; the
former being quite smooth and convex without any prominence, and the
latter, in the room of a horn, has a small protuberance, just discernible
by the naked eye.

DYNASTES ANTÆUS.

Plate XXXIV. fig. 3. [male].--4. [female].

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Dynastidæ.

GENUS. DYNASTES, _MacLeay_. Geotrupes, _Fabricius_. Scarabæus, _Linn.
&c._

DYNASTES ANTÆUS. Thorace tricorni; cornu intermedio longiori simplici,
capite mutico, elytris lævissimis. (Long. Corp. fere 1 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Scarabæus Antæus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 1. _p._
12. _No._ 31. _Olivier Ent._ 1. 3. 24. _No._ 23. _t._ 12. _f._ 105. &
_t._ 13. _f._ 124. a. b.

Geotrupes A. _Fabr. Syst. Eleuth._ 1. _p._ 12. _No._ 36. _Pal. Beauv.
Ins. d'Afr. et d'Amer. Col. Pl._ 1. _fig._ 5. 6.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

_Male._ Head black, with two small protuberances like teeth in front.
Thorax black, smooth, shining, and margined; having three horns on it,
each of which is about a third of an inch in length; two of which are
placed near the elytra, almost erect, inclining towards each other, but
with their points inclining to the wings; the third arises from the front
of the thorax, bending backwards in a curved direction. Elytra brown,
very smooth, shining, and margined. Scutellum triangular. Abdomen red,
brown, and hairy. Tibiæ the same colour, and hairy, all of them being
armed with spines, principally about the tips.

_Female._ Resembles the male in every respect except the horns, which are
wanting in that sex.

{70}PELIDNOTA PUNCTATA.

Plate XXXIV. fig. 5.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Rutelidæ.

GENUS. PELIDNOTA, _MacLeay_. Scarabæus, _Linn._

PELIDNOTA PUNCTATA. Testacea, elytrorum singulo punctis tribus fuscis
distantibus. (Long. Corp. fere 1 unc.)

SYN. Scarabæus Punctatus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 557. 76.

Melolontha P. _Fabricius Syst. El._ II. _p._ 166. 28. _Olivier Ent._ 1.
5. _p._ 22. _t._ 1. _f._ 6. a. b. _Herbst. Col._ III. _p._ 69. 16. _t._
23. _f._ 6.

HABITAT: New York, Virginia, Maryland, Antigua.

Head brown orange; but round the eyes (which are black) and next the
thorax of a shining brassy green. Thorax and elytra brown orange, and
faintly margined; the former with two small black spots, and the latter
with three on each side, one close to the thorax, another near the corner
of the wing-cases, and the third in the middle. Scutellum shining bright
green. Abdomen and legs greenish black. Tibiæ spinose and denticulated,
especially at the tips; the three middle articulations of the tarsi are
also furnished with spines.

AREODA LANIGERA.

Plate XXXIV. fig. 6.

ORDER: Coleoptera SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Melolonthidæ.

GENUS. AREODA, _Leach_, _MacLeay_. Melolontha, _Fabr._ Scarabæus, _Linn._

AREODA LANIGERA. Capite thoraceque aureis, elytris luteis, corpore subtus
lanato. (Long. Corp. fere 1 unc.)

SYN. Scarabæus Lanigerus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 555. 67.

Melolontha L. _Fabr. Syst. El._ II. _p._ 165. 26. _Oliv. Ent._ 1. 5. _p._
21. 17. _t._ 4. _f._ 39. a. b. _Herbst. Col._ III. _p._ 152. 109. _t._
26. _f._ 8.

Areoda L. _MacLeay Horæ Ent._ 1. _part_ 1. _p._ 158.

HABITAT: New York, and other parts of North America.

Head brownish yellow, being divided in the middle by a transverse suture,
the front or fore part being margined, and very plain or even; posterior
part shining green or pearl colour, according to the various directions
in which it is held. Thorax and scutellum of a changeable brown yellow
colour. Between the thorax and the elytra is a row of pale yellow or
white hairs. Elytra lemon-coloured, surrounded by a very small, narrow,
black margin, and minutely punctured. Abdomen shining green black,
covered with a multitude of grey hairs. Legs red brown. Anterior tibiæ
broad and thin; being black on the outside, where they are armed with
three strong spines or teeth. Intermediate and posterior tibiæ with two
spurs. Ungues remarkably bent and long.

{71}ORYCTES NASICORNIS.

Plate XXXIV. fig. 7. [male].-8. [female].

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Dynastidæ.

GENUS. ORYCTES, _Illiger_. Geotrupes, _Fabr._ Scarabæus, _Linn._

ORYCTES NASICORNIS. Thorace prominentiâ triplici, capitis cornu recurvo,
elytris lævibus. (Long. Corp. 1 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Scarabæus Nasicornis, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 11. _p._ 544. _No._ 15.
_Oliv. Ent._ 1. 3. _p._ 37. _No._ 41. _t._ 3. _f._ 19. _a-d_. _Panzer
Faun. Ins. G._ 28. _No._ 2. [male]. _Roesel Ins._ 11. I. _p._ 41-65. _n._
5. _t._ 7. _f._ 8. [male]. _f._ 10. [female]. & _t._ 6, 8 & 9. Larva,
Pupa, &c. _Stephens Illustr. Brit. Ent. Mandibulata_, 3. _p._ 216.

HABITAT: Holland, and other parts of Europe.

_Male._ Head black, with a horn terminating in a point, and bending
backwards. Eyes red brown. Thorax brown, almost black, margined and
prominent, terminating upwards in three pointed tubercles. Scutellum
black, and nearly triangular. Elytra red brown, smooth, shining, slightly
margined. The abdomen, legs, and all the under parts of a red brown, and
hairy. Tibiæ spined.

_Female._ Resembles the male in every thing but the head and thorax;
having on the former, instead of the horn, a small tubercle, and on the
latter a small impression in the place of the pointed knobs.

This insect has been introduced into the list of British species on the authority of the late Mr. Haworth, who recorded the fact of a living specimen having been taken by a bricklayer amongst old timber, on pulling down the roof of a building at Chelsea, (Entom. Trans, vol. i. p. 76.) Mr. Stephens, however, (loc. supra citat.) thinks it very doubtful whether the species be really indigenous, as it appears highly probable that the specimen above alluded to, may have been imported amongst some of the Continental plants which abound in the above vicinity, the insect occurring very copiously in rotten bark, the refuse of conservatories, and putrid wood in various parts of the Continent.

PLATE XXXV.

ONITIS SULCATUS.

Plate XXXV. fig. 1.

ORDER. Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Scarabæidæ.

GENUS. ONITIS, _Fabr._ Scarabæus, _Linn._

ONITIS SULCATUS. Ater, capitis tuberculo unico, elytris striatis, thorace
anticè lineà irregulari dorsali impresso. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Scarabæus Sulcatus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2.

Onitis Nicanor, _Fabr. Syst. Eleuth._ 1. _p._ 29. _Tabl. Col._ 2. _t._
15. _f._ 8.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head broad and thin, hairy underneath; terminating in a short straight
horn, inclining backwards, with a small tubercle on each side. Eyes
almost surrounded by the thin sides of the head, being placed so as to
see both above and below it. Thorax margined, with several protuberances
on its front; and on the top with a strong indented line running from the
front to the suture of the elytra, where likewise {72}its margin is
interrupted by two smaller impressions, forming an appearance like a
square escutcheon. Elytra as long as the thorax, margined, and deeply
furrowed, scarcely reaching to the anus. General colour above black or
raven grey, but not shining. Thighs very strong, black, and broad.
Anterior tibiæ strong, with three teeth and a spine. Tarsi and ungues
very small. Middle and hinder tibiæ small at the base, but broad and
thick with strong spines at the tips. Scutellum obsolete.

COPRIS CAROLINA.

Plate XXXV. fig. 2.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Scarabæidæ.

GENUS. COPRIS, _Geoffroy_. Scarabæus, _Linn._

COPRIS CAROLINA. Thorace retuso binodi, capitis cornu erecto brevissimo,
clypeo integro, elytris sulcatis. (Long. Corp. circ. 1 unc.)

SYN. Scarabæus Carolinus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 11. 545. _No._ 16. _Fabr.
Syst. Eleuth._ 1. _p._ 43. _No._ 60. (Copris C.) _Oliv. Ent._ 1. 3. _p._
134. _No._ 160. _t._ 12. _f._ 113. _De Geer Ins._ 4. _p._ 310. _t._ 18.
_f._ 13. _Pal. Beauv. Ins. d'Amer. et d'Afr. Col. pl._ 3. a. _f._ 7.

HABITAT: Maryland, New York.

Head broad and thin, not hairy underneath. Near the front is a thick
tubercle (not rising to an horn, as in Fig. I.) projecting forward, being
in some specimens (probably females) very small. Thorax margined, lying
very high above the head, having protuberances in front, which in some
are very faint, and with a small impression on each side near the margin
on the lower part. Elytra longer than the thorax, margined and furrowed,
(but not so deeply as in Fig. I.), and reaching to the anus. General
colour deep black, and shining like pitch, both on the upper and under
sides. Thighs very strong, not hairy. The anterior tibiæ strong, with
four teeth, and a strong spine to each. The tarsi and ungues very small.
The other tibiæ are like those in the preceding figure. Scutellum
obsolete.

PHANÆUS CARNIFEX.

Plate XXXV. fig. 3. 4. [male].--5. [female].

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Scarabæidæ.

GENUS. PHANÆUS, _MacLeay_. Copris, _Fabr._ Scarabæus, _Linn._

PHANÆUS CARNIFEX. Thorace mutico angulato postice igneo-cupreo, capitis
cornu longo reflexo, corpore æneo. (Long. Corp. {8}-{10½} lin.)

SYN. Scarabæus Carnifex, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 11. _p._ 546. _No._ 22.
_Fab. Syst. Eleuth._ 1. 48. 84. _Oliv. Ent._ 1. 3. _p._ 135. _No._ 161.
_t._ 6. _f._ 46. a. b. _t._ 10. _f._ 86. var. [female]. _Brown Jamaica_,
428. _t._ 43. _f._ 5. _Pal. Beauv. Ins. d'Afr. et d'Amer. Col. pl._ 3. a.
_f._ 8. 9. _MacLeay Horæ Entomol. vol._ 1. Phanæus C.

Scarabæus Pillularius Americanus, _Catesby Carolina_, 3. _p._ 11. _tab._
11.

HABITAT: New York, Maryland, Virginia, Carolina, &c.

There is no doubt that all these figures belong to one species; though
differing, not only in size, but structure. Antennæ light red brown. Head
thin, rounded, margined, and of a green golden colour; some (which are
evidently males) being furnished with a smooth, round, black horn, almost
as long as the thorax, and inclining backwards; others have only a small
tubercle in the place of the horn; and others have a small horn, about
one-fourth the length of the first mentioned, as in Fig. IV. Thorax
{73}next the head golden green; behind and on the upper part is golden
red, and margined, rough and shagreened. In the horned specimens this
part terminates on each side the posterior margin in a projecting angle,
which is more or less conspicuous, in proportion as the horn is long or
short. Those which are quite hornless, as Fig. V., are entirely destitute
of these angulated risings, having the thorax rounded, but in its front a
small black protuberance or swelling is seen. Elytra golden green,
inclining to a blue, and very much channelled, with small striæ placed
between others of larger size, extending almost even with the anus.
Abdomen black, the sides shining green. Anterior femora and tibiæ black
and hairy; the latter very strong and dentated, having a long moveable
spine fixed on the inner edge of each, extending somewhat beyond the
tarsi, which are very short and small. Intermediate and posterior thighs
shining golden green, broad and strong. Tibiæ black, with two spines (one
very long) at the tips. Tarsi five-jointed, ungues single, and not
divided as most insects have them. Scutellum obsolete.

COPRIS MINUTUS.

Plate XXXV. fig. 6.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Scarabæidæ, _MacLeay_.

GENUS. COPRIS, _Geoffroy_. Scarabæus, _Drury_.

COPRIS MINUTUS. Niger, capitis cornu parvo erecto, thorace anticè elevato
et tuberculato, elytris striatis. (Long. Corp. 4½ lin.)

SYN. Scarabæus Minutus. _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

Copris Lævis. _Schonh. Syn._ 1. 54. 126. (Nec Lævis, _Drury, tab._ 35.
_f._ 7. sec. cit. _Sch._)

HABITAT: New York.

Entirely black. Head broad and black, extending on each side beyond the
eyes, having a small horn on it projecting forwards. Thorax margined,
high and prominent, with some small protuberances on its front. Scutellum
obsolete. Elytra furrowed, longer than the thorax, and margined;
extending beyond the anus. Femora strong and round. Tibiæ small at the
base, thickened towards the tips, and armed with spines.

COPROBIUS LÆVIS.

Plate XXXV. fig. 7.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Scarabæidæ, _MacLeay_.

GENUS. COPROBIUS, _Latr._ Ateuchus, _Fabr._ Scarabæus p. _Linn._

COPROBIUS LÆVIS. Niger opacus lævis, clypeo emarginato, thorace postice
rotundato, elytrorum lateribus humeralibus haud incisis. (Long. Corp. 9
lin.)

SYN. Scarabæus Lævis, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. (1773.) _Oliv. Ent._ 1. 3.
_p._ 160. _No._ 197. _t._ 10. _f._ 89.

Scarabæus Volvens, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 1. _p._ 66. _No._ 221. _Syst.
Eleuth._ 1. _p._ 60. _No._ 26. (Ateuchus v.) (Exclus. syn. Scar.
pilularius, _Linn._) _Schon. Syn. Ins._ 1. 1. _p._ 62.

HABITAT: New York, Maryland.

Entirely black, shining like pitch on the under side. Head broad,
flattish, and smooth. Thorax margined, smooth, and convex. Scutellum
obsolete. Elytra margined, smooth, not reaching to the anus, and rather
longer than the thorax. Anterior tibiæ having three teeth on their outer
sides, above {74}which are several very minute ones. Intermediate and
posterior thighs and tibiæ smaller than are usually observed among those
lamellicorn beetles which have no scutellum.

The advantages resulting from the modern method of investigation adopted in Natural History in general, and especially in Entomology, are no where more conspicuous than in the case of the present species of dung-rolling beetles or _pillularii_, as they were aptly termed by Pliny and other old writers; the present species inhabiting North America, having been long confounded with an inhabitant of Southern Europe, which indeed possesses a similarity in general appearance and habits, but belongs to a distinct genus. Linnæus applied the term pilularius specifically to the species inhabiting Italy and Spain; referring, however, to Catesby's Carolina, pl. 11., so that it is evident that this writer had never seen the North American insect. Schonher however remarks, "scarabæus pillularius Linn. pertinet ad At. volvens Fabr;"[28] whilst Fabricius, although quoting Drury and De Geer (who both figure the North American species) has increased the confusion by giving Southern Europe as its habitat. Under these circumstances I have done our author the justice to revert to his specific name; his being certainly the earliest systematic specific reference to the American species, which may be distinguished from the European one by the following particulars:--

GENUS. Coprobius, _Latreille_.

(Elytra entire at the sides; intermediate tibiæ with two spurs.)

Coprobius lævis, _Drury_. (Scarab.) volvens, _Fabr._

HABITAT. North America.

GENUS. Gymnopleurus, _Illiger_.

(Elytra with a deep lateral notch near the shoulders; intermediate tibiæ
with one spur.)

Gymnopleurus pilularius, _Linn._ (Scarab.) _Fabr. Oliv._

HABITAT. Southern Europe.

ONITIS SPINIPES.

Plate XXXV. fig. 8.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Scarabæidæ, _MacLeay_.

GENUS. ONITIS, _Fabr._ Scarabæus, _Linn. Drury_.

ONITIS SPINIPES. Exscutellatus niger opacus, capite subcornuto, pedibus
intermediis dilatatis et incisis. (Long. Corp. fere 1 unc.)

SYN. Scarabæus Spinipes, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 2. (1773).

Scarabæus Sphinx, _Fabr. Ent. Syst. p._ 25. _No._ 98. (1775.) _Syst.
Eleuth._ 1. _p._ 29. 9. (Onitis Sp.) _Schonh. Syn. Ins._ 1. _p._ 31. 10.

HABITAT: China.

Entirely black. Head margined and rough, having two small protuberances
entirely surrounding the eyes. Palpi rather long. Thorax convex, smooth,
and margined, being as long as the elytra, and having on each side near
the lateral margin a small impression. On the posterior margin next the
suture are two more impressions, and a longer one between them. Scutellum
obsolete. Elytra furrowed, {75}and extending to the anus, having a double
margin on the sides. Anterior tibiæ as long as the thorax, and remarkable
for not having any tarsi, but being bent inwards at their extremities and
dentated on their outer sides. Middle femora very broad and flat. Tibiæ
short, very narrow, and small at their base, but broad at the tips.
Hinder thighs and tibiæ not so broad as the middle ones. Tarsi
five-jointed.

PLATE XXXVI.

DYNASTES CENTAURUS.

Plate XXXVI. fig. 1.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Dynastidæ, _MacLeay_.

GENUS. DYNASTES, _MacLeay_. Geotrupes, _Fabr._ Scarabæus, _Linn. Latr._

DYNASTES CENTAURUS. Thoracis cornu incurvo basi dentato apice bifido,
capitis recurvato unidentato. (Long. Corp. 2 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Scarabæus Centaurus, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 1. _p._ 4. _No._ 5. _Syst.
Eleuth._ 1. _p._ 4. _No._ 5. _Oliv. Ent._ 1. 3. _p._ 14. _n._ 9. _t._ 11.
_f._ 104. _Jablonsk. Nat. Syst._ 1. 223. _No._ 4. _t._ 2. _f._ 1. _Schon.
Syn. Ins._ 1. _p._ 4. _No._ 10.

Scarab. Gideon, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. (Exclus. Syn. _Linn._)

HABITAT: Sierra Leone (_Drury_). "In India Orientali, Africa"
(_Fabricius_).

Head and thorax black; the latter terminating in a horn near an inch and
a half long, standing almost erect, but bending forward and diminishing
towards the end, which is forked, having a strong spine on each side of
the front near the base. The head is furnished with another horn that
inclines backwards towards the other, and at the extremity is curled and
pointed, having a square knob placed on each side near the curl. Elytra
dark brown, almost black, smooth and shining. Tibiæ armed with spines and
hairs.

Drury states that this insect was brought from Sierra Leone, and that it lives in the mangrove trees; many specimens having been taken from thence.

TRICHIUS FASCIATUS.

Plate XXXVI. fig. 2.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Cetoniidæ.

GENUS. TRICHIUS, _Fabricius_. Cetonia p. _Oliv._ Scarabæus, p. _Linn._

TRICHIUS FASCIATUS. Niger, flavo-rufo-tomentosus, elytris atris fasciis
duabus luteis internè confluentibus. (Long. Corp. 7-8 lin.)

SYN. Scarabæus Fasciatus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ II. _p._ 556. _Fabricius
Ent. Syst._ 1. 119. _Donovan Brit. Ins._ 4. _pl._ 140. _Steph. Illustr.
Brit. Ent. Mandibulata_, 3. _p._ 230.

Trichius Succinctus, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ II. _p._ 132 (variety).

HABITAT: Germany, France, England.

Head and thorax black, but thickly covered with yellow hairs. The
scutellum black and triangular. Elytra tawny yellow, not reaching to the
anus; having a black margin, and three large black spots situated on the
lateral margin. Abdomen and breast black, and covered with hairs of a
very light or pale yellow. Femora and tibiæ black and hairy.

{76}The insect here figured is regarded by most authors as a variety only of the Trichius fasciatus. Fabricius, however, considered it as a distinct species, which he named Trichius succinctus. Dessau also, in the Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles (February 1829), has published some observations, in order to prove the specific distinctness of this and two other species with which it is generally regarded as identical. Its habits are different from those of the other Trichii; being generally found upon flowers, a peculiarity, with which its hirsute body and bee-like appearance apparently offer some indicatorial connexions. It is extremely rare in this country.

DYNASTES TITANUS.

Plate XXXVI. fig. 3. [male].--4. [female].

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Dynastidæ, _MacLeay_.

GENUS. DYNASTES, _MacLeay_. Geotrupes, _Fabr._ Scarabæus, _Linn. Drury_.

DYNASTES TITANUS. Thorace tricorni, intermedio longiori apice bifido,
lateralibus subarcuatis acutis, capite mutico. (Long. Corp. cum corn.
thorac. 1 unc. 7½ lin.)

SYN. Scarab. Titanus, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 1. _p._ 13. _No._ 36. _Syst.
El._ 1. _p._ 13. _No._ 39. _Jablonsk. Nat. Syst._ 1. _p._ 282. _t._ 6.
_f._ 2. [male]. _Olivier_, 1. 3. _t._ 5. _f._ 38.

Scarabæus Simson, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. (Exclus. Syn. _Linn._)

Scarabæus major niger tricornis, _Sloane Jamaica, vol._ 2. _t._ 237. _f._
4. 5.

The Great Brown Sawyer, _Brown's Jamaica, p._ 428. _t._ 43. _f._ 6.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

_Male._ Head black. Antennæ dark brown. Thorax black, smooth, and
shining, and armed with three horns; two of which, being about one-third
of an inch in length, are placed on the upper part on each side, lying
almost parallel with the body. Beneath these, near the head, rises
another from the middle of the thorax, which is a little longer than the
two first, bending upwards, and forked at the extremity. Elytra rather
rough and furrowed, but shining and black. Tibiæ armed with spines,
especially at the extremity, which facilitate the animal in its passage.
Abdomen black; anus with a row of light brown hairs.

_Female._ Differs from the male chiefly in the thorax, which is entirely
unarmed. Black and shining, but rather less so than the males; and in the
front, just above the head, is a small impression. All the under parts of
the insect which in the males are black, in this sex are of a dark
reddish brown. In other circumstances it resembles the male.

DYNASTES GIDEON.

Plate XXXVI. fig. 5.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Dynastidæ, _MacLeay_.

GENUS. DYNASTES, _MacLeay_. Geotrupes, _Fabr._ Scarabæus, _Linn. Drury_.

DYNASTES GIDEON. Thoracis cornu incurvo maximo apice bifido, capitis
recurvato bifido supra unidentato. (Long. Corp. cum corn. 2 unc. 4½ lin.)

SYN. Scarabæus Gideon, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 541. _No._ 2.
_Swammerdam Book of Nature, t._ 30. _f._ 2. _Fabr. Syst. Eleuth._ 1. _p._
4. _No._ 3. _Olivier Ent._ 1. 3. _p._ 14. _t._ 11. _f._ 102.

Scarabæus Oromedon, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Fabr. Syst. Eleuth._ 1. _p._
4. _No._ 4. (Var. præcedentis.)

HABITAT: East India.

{77}General colour dark brown, almost black. Thorax smooth and shining,
as if polished, and terminating in a strong thick horn, which inclines
forward in a curved position, and is forked at the end. From the head
also springs another strong horn, forked at the extremity, which in
length corresponds with the first; its outer side being broad and round,
but its inner side, or that opposite the other horn, is thin and sharp,
having a small swelling in the middle. Elytra smooth and shining, with a
narrow margin. Anterior tibiæ with four teeth; two being at the tip, and
two a little above them. The other tibiæ are furnished with several sharp
spines (five or six), chiefly about the tips; which, as noticed in D.
Titanus, assist the animal in its passage. Anus not hairy, as in many
other species.

CYCLOCEPHALA SIGNATA.

Plate XXXVI. fig. 6.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Rutelidæ, _MacLeay_.

GENUS. CYCLOCEPHALA, _Latreille_. Chalepus, _MacLeay_. Scarabæus,
_Drury_.

CYCLOCEPHALA SIGNATA. Glabra, pallidè lutea, thorace lineis duabus,
elytris maculis tribus, duabus aut nullis. (Long. Corp. 7-8 lin.)

SYN. Melolontha Signata. _Fabricius Syst. Eleuth._ II. _p._ 169. _No._
51. _Oliv. Ent._ 1. 5. _t._ 4. _f._ 33. & 36. _Herbst. Col._ III. _p._
79. _f._ 2. 32.

Scarabæus Amazonus? _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Sloane Hist. Jamaica_, 11.
_p._ 206. 8. _t._ 237. _f._ 38. (Exclus. Syn. _Linn._)

HABITAT: Antigua, New York, Virginia, St. Christopher's.

Entirely dark dirty straw-coloured. Thorax margined, with two oblong
black spots on it. Scutellum triangular. Elytra margined, with two small
faint brown spots on each. Abdomen and legs hairy, the former extending
beyond the ends of the elytra. Anterior tibiæ spinose; the internal spur
being remarkably long.

COPROBIUS TRIANGULARIS.

Plate XXXVI. fig. 7.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Scarabæidæ, _MacLeay_.

GENUS. COPROBIUS, _Latr._ Scarabæus, _Linn._ _Drury_. Ateuchus, _Fabr._

COPROBIUS TRIANGULARIS. Niger; clypeo bidentato, thoracis margine fulvo
obtusè angulato, femoribus posticis brunueis. (Long. Corp. fere 6 lin.)

SYN. Scarabæus Triangularis, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Fabr. Syst. Ent. p._
30. _No._ 122. _Syst. Eleuth._ 1. _p._ 63. _No._ 42. _Oliv. Ent._ 1. 3.
_p._ 166. _t._ 15. _f._ 139.

HABITAT: Surinam.

Head dirty green. Thorax very convex and broad, dark yellow all round the
edge, but black in the middle, and of a coppery hue. Elytra black and
margined. Abdomen yellow. Anus black. Thighs yellow. Tibiæ and tarsi
black. Scutellum obsolete.

{78}ONTHOPHAGUS SERRATIPES.

Plate XXXVI. fig. 8.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. Family: Scarabæidæ, _MacLeay_.

GENUS. ONTHOPHAGUS, _Latreille_. Copris, _Fabricius_. Scarabæus, _Drury_.

ONTHOPHAGUS SERRATIPES. Niger, capite lato, abdomine subæneo, elytris
striatis luteo marginatis. (Long. Corp. lin. 5.)

SYN. Scarabæus Serratipes, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: China.

Head and thorax black; the former very broad. Antennæ are black. Abdomen
dark green, almost black. Scutellum obsolete. Elytra rather longer than
the thorax, furrowed and black, slightly margined; just above which, all
round their external edges, they are of a dirty clay colour. Anus the
same.

PLATE XXXVII.

PRIONUS (ORTHOSOMA) PENSYLVANICUS.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Prionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PRIONUS, _Fabr._ Cerambyx, _Linn._ SUBGENUS: Orthosoma, _Serv._

PRIONUS (ORTHOSOMA) PENSYLVANICUS. Obscurus, thorace marginato
tridentato, pectore abdomineque ferrugineis, antennis brevibus. (Long.
Corp. 1 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Cerambyx Pensylvanicus, _De Geer Mem._ 5. _p._ 99. _t._ 13. _f._ 13.

Cerambyx unicolor, _Drury. App. vol._ 2.

Cerambyx brunneus, _Forster Cent. Ins. p._ 37. _Linn. Syst. N._ (_Gmel._)
1. iv. 1828.

Cerambyx cylindroides, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ (_Ed. Gmel._) 1. iv. 1818.

Prionus cylindricus, _Fabr. Sp. Ins._ 1. _p._ 207. 14. _Syst. Eleuth._
II. _p._ 261. _Oliv. Ent._ iv. 66. _p._ 23. _t._ 1. _f._ 6. _Latr. Gen.
Cr._ III. _p._ 33. _Serv. Ann. Soc. Ent. France_, 1. 156. (Orthosoma c.)

HABITAT: New York.

Head dark chesnut-coloured. Antennæ about two-thirds of the length of the
insect. Thorax somewhat darker, rounded, and margined; having three small
spines on each side. Scutellum semi-oval. Elytra light chesnut, margined,
and flattish; being about three times the length of the thorax and head,
and broad at their extremities. Abdomen, thighs, and tibiæ red chesnut,
shining as if polished.

PRIONUS (DEROBRACHUS) LATICOLLIS.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Prionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PRIONUS, _Fabr._ Cerambyx, _Linn._ SUBGENUS: Derobrachus, _Serv._

PRIONUS (DEROBRACHUS) LATICOLLIS. Niger latus, thorace marginato
transverso, tridentato, atro nitido; antennis brevibus. (Long. Corp. 1
unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Cerambyx Laticollis, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

Prionus brevicornis, _Fabricius Syst. Eleuth._ 2. _p._ 260. 15. _Sch.
Syn. Ins._ 3. 339. _Pal. Beauv. Ins. d'Afr. et d'Amer. Col. Pl._ 34. _f._
3.

HABITAT: New York.

Head black. Antennæ 12-jointed, about half the length of the insect.
Thorax black, broad, short, and shining; thick in the middle, but on the
sides thin and jagged. Scutellum bell-shaped. Elytra {79}rough, black,
and margined on the sides and suture; extending in one of the sexes
beyond the anus. Abdomen and under parts black and shining. Tibiæ with
two short spurs. Tarsi beneath of a dirty clay colour.

STENOCORUS (EBURIA) QUADRIMACULATUS.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Cerambycidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. STENOCORUS, _Fabr._ Cerambyx p. _Linn._ SUBGENUS: Eburia,
_Serville_.

STENOCORUS (EBURIA) 4-MACULATUS. Pallidè luteus, thorace spinoso scabro,
elytris bidentatis maculis binis glabris albidis. (Long. Corp. fere 1
unc.)

SYN. Cer. 4-maculatus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 11. _p._ 626. 27? _Fabricius
Syst. El._ II. _p._ 308. 16. _Syst. Ent. p._ 180. 11. _Trans. Ent. Soc._
1. _p._ 83. _Oliv. Ent._ iv. 67. _p._ 45. 58. _t._ 21. _f._ 164. _Sloan.
Hist. Jamaica_, 1. _p._ 209. 20. & 11. _tab._ 237. _f._ 21. _Serville
Ann. Soc. de Franc._ 3. _p._ 9. (Eburia q.)

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head pale clay-coloured. Antennæ (being the length of the insect) of a
redder colour, and at their bases almost surrounded by the eyes. Thorax
of the same colour as the head, very cylindrical; having a sharp spine on
each side, and two short black ones on the top. Scutellum small, and
semi-oval. Elytra pale clay-coloured, having on each two spines at the
tip of each, the inner one being the smaller; and having also four oblong
yellow spots, two placed at the middle and two at the base. Each of these
spots appears to be composed of a large and a small one joined close
together; the largest (in the upper spots) being the inner one, and in
the lower spots being the outer one. Abdomen and legs of the same colour
as the head, &c.; the four posterior femora with two small spines at the
tips.

CLYTUS LONGIPES.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 4.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Cerambycidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. CLYTUS, _Fabr._ Cerambyx, _Linnæus_.

CLYTUS LONGIPES. Obscurè rufescens; thorace cylindrico, elytris pallidè
sericeis, lunulis quatuor fuscis apiceque dentato. (Long. Corp. fere 1
unc.)

SYN. Cerambyx longipes, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Sch. Syn. Ins._ 3. 409.
43.

Cerambyx lunulatus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ (_Gmel._) 1. iv. _p._ 1864.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

General colour dark red brown. Antennæ about half the length of the
insect. Thorax cylindrical, and covered with a fine short down or hair;
having on each side a small tubercle or swelling, without any spine.
Scutellum small, and semi-oval. Elytra party-coloured; the lighter parts
(as seen in the plate) being covered with the same kind of short hair as
the thorax; with four spines at their extremities, the two inner ones
being the smallest. Abdomen with three yellow spots on each side, and
another at the anus. The body has likewise a large one on each side, and
another near the breast, joining to the middle legs. Four hind legs long.
Femora rough, with two short spines at the tips. Tibiæ with two spurs.

{80}STENOCORUS (CHLORIDA) FESTIVUS.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 5.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Cerambycidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. STENOCORUS, _Fabr._ Cerambyx p. _Linn._ SUBGENUS. Chlorida,
_Serv._

STENOCORUS (CHLORIDA) FESTIVUS. Thorace utrinque bidentato, elytris
bidentatis viridibus lineâ laterali luteâ. (Long. Corp. fere 1 unc.)

SYN. Cerambyx Festivus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 11. _p._ 623. 11.
_Fabricius Syst. Ent. p._ 179. 4. _Syst. Eleuth._ 11. _p._ 305. 3.
_Herbst. Arch. p._ 92. _t._ 25. _f._ 12. _Serville Ann. Soc. Ent. de
Franc._ 3. 32. (Chlorida f.)

Cerambyx Sulcatus, _Oliv. Ent._ iv. _p._ 67. _p._ 28. 32. _t._ 16. _f._
113.

Cerambyx Spinipes, _De Geer Ins._ v. _t._ 13. _f._ 14.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head clay-coloured. Antennæ about two-thirds the length of the insect,
very dark brown; first articulation clay-coloured. Thorax also
clay-coloured; having two spines on each side of it, one larger than the
other. Scutellum small, and nearly triangular. Elytra margined at the
sides and suture, each with two spines at the extremities, the inner ones
being the smallest; green, and deeply furrowed or grooved, having a
yellow line running along their lateral margins. Legs, abdomen, and all
the under side clay-coloured. Tibiæ armed with two spines at the tips.

STENOCORUS (CERASPHORUS) BALTEATUS.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 6.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Cerambycidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. STENOCORUS, _Fabr._ Cerambyx p. _Linn._ SUBGENUS. Cerasphorus,
_Serv._

STENOCORUS (CERASPHORUS) BALTEATUS. Thorace cylindrico 1-spinoso; elytris
bidentatis griseis maculâ oblongâ obliquâ. (Long. Corp. fere 1 unc.)

SYN. Cerambyx balteatus, _De Geer Ins._ v. _p._ III. _t._ 14. _f._ 3.

Stenochorus garganicus, _Fabricius Syst. Ent. p._ 178. 3. _Syst. Eleuth._
II. _p._ 305. 2. _Oliv. Ent._ iv. 67. _t._ 15. _f._ 105. _Pal. Beauv.
Ins. d'Afr. et d'Amer. Col. pl._ 37. _f._ 3.

Cerambyx cinctus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Virginia, New York, Maryland, Antigua.

General colour greyish hazle. Antennæ longer than the insect. Thorax
cylindrical, with a single short spine on each side. Scutellum
triangular, and of a yellowish colour. Elytra margined; having an oblong
spot, of a faint yellowish colour, running transversely cross each, near
the thorax, with two small spines of equal size at the tip of each. It is
covered all over with short hair, or down.

PLATE XXXVIII.

PRIONUS (STENODONTES) DAMICORNIS.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Prionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PRIONUS, _Geoffroy_. Cerambyx p. _Linn._ SUBGENUS. Stenodontes,
_Serv._

PRIONUS (STENODONTES) DAMICORNIS. Thorace marginato denticulato,
mandibulis porrectis bidentatis, elytris brunneis. (Long. Corp. mandib.
inclus. 3 unc. 7½ lin.)

SYN. Cerambyx Damicornis, _Linn. Mant._ 1. _p._ 532. _Fabricius Syst.
Ent. p._ 162. 10. _Syst. Eleuth._ II. _p._ 262. 23. (Prionus d.) _De Geer
Ins._ v. _p._ 97. 2.

Lucanus fuscus maximus, _Browne Nat. Hist. Jamaica, p._ 429. _t._ 44.
_f._ 8. _Sloane Jamaica, vol._ 2. _tab._ 37. _fig._ 6.

HABITAT: Jamaica (_Drury_). America (_Fabricius_).

{81}Head dark brown, almost black, broad, large and rough on the top;
mandibles triangular and sharp pointed, bending or inclining towards each
other; somewhat longer than the head, and a little hairy within; having a
tooth or spine on the inner edge, near the point, and another near the
base. Thorax of the same colour as the head; very rough and uneven at
top, being margined on the anterior and posterior edges; the sides being
thin and serrated. Antennæ, rather shorter than the insect, and placed
before the eyes. Scutellum triangular. Elytra brown and margined, not
reaching to the anus. Abdomen and legs dark red brown. The tibiæ with
three small spurs.

The larva of this beetle is a great fleshy grub, which lives in the stumps of tree. It is eaten by many persons, by whom it is considered a great dainty. The perfect insect is called by the natives the macokko beetle. The following observations, published by Mr. Drury in the introduction to his third volume, will be read with interest from the spirit of practical utility in which they are written.

"The larvæ or caterpillars, not only of this but of all the beetles that feed on decayed wood, seem to be rich and delicate eating, particularly those of the Curculio palmarum (vid. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 606. 1.), and in general all those of the Cerambyces. So that every forest in the torrid zone affords a man plenty of very wholesome and hearty nourishment, who has an instrument strong enough to cut in pieces the decayed trees. This knowledge might have saved the lives perhaps of many seamen who have been shipwrecked on desert equinoctial shores, which are generally covered with thick woods. Mr. Smeathman has met with many maritime people, who, by living on a scanty allowance of unripe fruits, crude roots, coarse seeds, nuts, and other trash, after a shipwreck, or in other cases of distress so frequent with people in the African trade, have made themselves exceeding sick, and much increased their hardships, which by means of these caterpillars only, might have been greatly alleviated. The very best kind of vegetable food is but poor nourishment for the labouring Europeans, if not accompanied with animal flesh, or at least with animal or vegetable oils; and such foods as seamen in distress meet with, as above mentioned, have oftentimes very acrimonious qualities, and are dangerous even in small quantities to those who eat them at intervals, either out of mere curiosity or to gratify their appetites; while these kinds of insect foods, abounding with a very rich and delicious oil, are consequently the most wholesome and nutritious which men in the situation above described could possibly procure, requiring no other preparation than roasting in any manner. (See Philosophical Transactions.) To this kind of food may be added that of the termites and locusts in general among the insect tribes, which are not only wholesome to all, but palatable to many. At any rate they are sufficient to support life; and the knowledge of such a resource universally extended, might in many instances be the means of saving the lives of adventurers to distant climes. Besides these means of subsistence, if the botanists could point out a plain and obvious method for men in general to distinguish the noxious roots and herbs from those which are edible, men thrown on any thing but mere rocks and sandbanks would readily find subsistence, the kind hand of nature being extended all over the {82}surface of our globe to every one who will accept the friendly invitation, and use the means she has with such a motherly tenderness offered for our benefit and support.

"Mr. Smeathman has assured me, that in clearing the ground in Africa he has found great quantities of roots of the yam and potatoe kind (Convolvulus Batatas), that grew spontaneously, and which the slaves from distant interior regions knew exceedingly well, and sought for with great avidity. He lived near two years in Africa before he found that the most excellent greens for boiling grew wild in every open glade of the island, and even close to his very door. I mention these things because they are all within the power of men in the most naked, unarmed, and unprepared situation, and require neither fire-arms or other powerful apparatus to obtain them; and shew that in these cases, as well as many others, the study of natural history is of no small importance to mankind, since it may not only promote trade, arts, and sciences, but be conducive to the immediate happiness and safety of men's lives."

PRIONUS (MALLODON) MELANOPUS.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Prionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PRIONUS, _Geoffroy_. Cerambyx p. _Linn._ SUBGENUS. Mallodon,
_Serv._

PRIONUS (MALLODON) MELANOPUS. Thorace marginato denticulato, mandibulis
porrectis multidentatis, elytris ad apicem mucronatis. (Long. Corp.
mandib. inclus. 2 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Cerambyx Melanopus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 623. 8.
_Fabricius Sp. Ins._ 1. _p._ 208. 20. _Syst. Eleuth._ II. _p._ 264. 34.
_Oliv. Ent._ iv. 66. _p._ 18. _t._ 12. _f._ 46. _Merian Ins. Surinam, t._
24. _f._ 1.

Cerambyx crenulatus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica (_Drury_). "In America Meridionali" (_Fabr._).

Head short and black. Mandibles short. Antennæ dark brown, almost black;
shorter than the insect. The thorax broad, rough and black, margined on
the posterior and anterior edges; having many small sharp spines on its
sides, the two last of which are larger than the rest, and having two
tubercles on the upper side. Elytra dark brown, almost black, margined on
the sides and suture, with a small spine on each, at the extremities, and
extending a little beyond the anus. Abdomen smooth and shining, and of a
dark brown colour, nearly black. Sides of the breast hairy. Legs dark
brown, almost black, smooth and shining, with three small tibial spurs.

PRIONUS (MALLODON) MAXILLOSUS.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Prionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PRIONUS, _Geoffroy_. Cerambyx p. _Linn._ SUBGENUS. Mallodon,
_Serv._

PRIONUS (MALLODON) MAXILLOSUS. Thorace marginato crenato, mandibulis
porrectis intus hirsutis quadridentatis, elytris ad apicem mucronatis.
(Long. Corp. fere 2 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Cerambyx Maxillosus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Fabricius Syst. Ent. p._
163. 151. _Syst. Eleuth._ II. _p._ 264. 31. (Prionus m.) _Oliv. Ent._ iv.
66. _p._ 16. _t._ 1. _f._ 3.

HABITAT: Barbuda, near Antigua, "where it was found dead at the foot of a
tree." (_Drury_). America (_Fabr._).

{83}Head black, broad, and very rough above, with two strong, thick,
black triangular mandibles, nearly as long as the thorax; having the
inner margin very hairy, and armed with teeth; sharp pointed at the tips,
with their points bending towards each other. Antennæ about half the
length of the insect; close underneath which on each side is a strong
spine. Thorax black, as broad as the elytra; very rough on the sides, but
shining in the middle, the surface being very uneven; the anterior angle
projecting beyond the edge. Scutellum semi-oval. Elytra dark red brown,
shining, and margined deeply on the edges, but faintly along the suture;
having a very short and small spine at the extremities, and extending a
little beyond the anus. Abdomen red brown, smooth and shining. Legs red
brown, and smooth, being furnished with three very small tibial spurs.

PLATE XXXIX.

CERAMBYX (HAMATICHERUS) HEROS.

Plate XXXIX. fig. 1.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Cerambycidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. CERAMBYX, _Linn._ SUBGENUS. Hamaticherus, _Zeigl._ Cerambyx, SERV.

CERAMBYX (HAMATICHERUS) HEROS. Thorace spinoso rugoso, niger, elytris
subspinosis piceis, antennis longis. (Long. Corp. 2 unc.)

SYN. Cerambyx Heros, _Fabr. Mant._ 1. _p._ 132. _Syst. Eleuth._ II. _p._
270. 21. _Oliv. Ent._ iv. 67. _p._ 12. _t. f._ 1. _Panzer F. I. G._ 82.
_pl._ 1.

Cerambyx cerdo (var. major), _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 629. 39.
_Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Italy, Smyrna, Scandaroon, Sicily, Gibraltar (_Drury_). Central
and Southern Europe.

Head dirty black. Antennæ black, much longer than the body. Thorax very
rough, round, black and shining, having a spine on each side; the
fore-part, next the head, appearing as if surrounded by a groove.
Scutellum small and triangular. Elytra black and margined, dark brown at
the extremities, and narrow, covering the anus; having a small spine on
each, and being very rough, and shagreened. Abdomen and legs black. Tibiæ
clothed with short brown hair, and terminated by two spines; under side
of the tarsi cushioned.

TRACHYDERES SUCCINCTUS.

Plate XXXIX. fig. 2.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Cerambycidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. TRACHYDERES, _Dalm._ (_in Sch. Syn._ III. _p._ 364.) Cerambyx p.
_Linn._

TRACHYDERES SUCCINCTUS. Thorace bispinoso rugoso, elytris fasciâ flavâ,
antennis longioribus compressis. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Cerambyx succinctus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 627. 32. _Fabr.
Syst. Ent. p._ 168. 16. _Syst. Eleuth._ II. _p._ 274. 20. _Oliv. Ent._
iv. 67. _p._ 20. _t._ 7. _f._ 43. a. b. _De Geer Ins._ v. _t._ 14. _f._
5.

Cerambyx Zonarius, _Voet. Col. Ed. Panz._ III. _p._ 20. _t._ 7. _f._ 17.

Quici, _Macgr. Brazil, Lib._ vii. _p._ 25. 4. _Jonston Hist. Nat. Ins.
t._ 14.

HABITAT: Surinam (_Drury_). "In America meridionali" (_Fabr._).