Chapter VII: Part 7

Head dark brown, or dirty black, and very rough. Antennæ longer than the
insect, with the two basal joints blueish black; the rest red brown, the
extremity of each joint being blueish black. Thorax dark brown, shining,
and very rough, with large swelling in the middle; having two short thick
tubercles {84}on each side. Scutellum large and long. Elytra dark brown,
margined and shining, rather broad at their extremities, and spineless;
having a narrow transverse yellow bar in the middle. Abdomen dark brown.
Femora dark brown at the base, black at the tips. Tibiæ and tarsi red
brown; the latter cushioned beneath with yellow pile.

LAMIA CAPENSIS.

Plate XXXIX. fig. 3.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Lamiidæ.

GENUS. LAMIA, _Fabr._ Cerambyx p. _Linn. Drury_.

LAMIA CAPENSIS. Thorace bispinoso; nigra, elytris fasciis quatuor rufis,
antennis mediocribus. (Long. Corp. 1 unc. 4½ lin.)

SYN. Cerambyx Capensis, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 628. 36.
_Fabricius Syst. Ent. p._ 173. 14. _Syst. Eleuth._ II. 296. 78. _Oliv.
Ent._ iv. 67. _p._ 121. _t._ 8. _f._ 51. a. b.

HABITAT: Cape of Good Hope.

Head black; face vertical. Antennæ black, and about the length of the
insect. Thorax black and rugged, with two obtuse spines on each side.
Scutellum small, black and triangular. Elytra black, rounded and margined
at the sides and suture, extending beyond the anus; being rough next the
thorax, with a multitude of small round pustules. Each elytron has four
red bars crossing it, placed at equal distances, and inclining toward
each other; the two first, next the thorax, almost joining at the suture;
the two last separated by a small space. In some specimens there are five
of these bars. Abdomen and breast black; the latter having between the
middle and hinder feet, two oblong red spots. Legs black. Tarsi cushioned
beneath and lighter coloured.

CERAMBYX (CALLICHROMA) AFER.

Plate XXXIX. fig. 4.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Cerambycidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. Cerambyx, _Linn._ SUBGENUS. Callichroma, _Latr._

CERAMBYX (CALLICHROMA) AFER. Thorace rotundato spinoso, corpore viridi,
suturâ elytrorum aureâ, antennis pedibusque rufis. (Long. Corp. 10½ lin.)

SYN. Cerambyx afer, _Linn. Mant. p._ 532. _Fabr. Syst. Ent._ 166. 9.
_Ent. Syst._ 1. II. _p._ 252. 4. _Syst. Eleuth._ II. _p._ 268. 7. (_C.
ater_, lapsu calami.) _Sch. Syn._ III. _App. p._ 150.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone and Calabar.

Head golden green. Mouth and palpi dirty orange. Eyes black. Antennæ
longer than the insect, orange brown. Thorax round, golden green, with
many small lines or waves crossing it; and having on each side an obtuse
spine. Scutellum small and triangular, golden green. Elytra margined,
extending beyond the anus; and, next the thorax, of a golden green, but
becoming less brilliant towards their extremities, where they are
spineless, having a yellow narrow line running on each side the suture.
Breast and abdomen golden green. Legs dark orange.

{85}PLATE XL.

CERAMBYX (CALLICHROMA) VIRENS.

Plate XL. fig. 1.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Cerambycidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. CERAMBYX, _Linn._ SUBGENUS. Callichroma, _Latr. Serv._

CERAMBYX (CALLICHROMA) VIRENS. Thorace rotundato spinoso, corpore viridi,
femoribus rufis, antennis pedibusque nigris. (Long Corp. fere 2 unc.)

SYN. _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 2. _p._ 627. 33. _Fabr. Syst. Ent. p._ 166. 8.
_Syst. Eleuth._ 2. _p._ 267. 3. _Oliv. Ins._ 4. 67. _t._ _II._ _f._ 78.
_t._ 18. _f._ 138? _Browne Nat. Hist. Jamaica, p._ 430. _t._ 43. _f._ 8.
_Sloane Hist. Jamaica_, 1. 1. _p._ 208. _t._ 237. _f._ 39. 40.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head green and shining. Palpi orange brown. Eyes black. Antennæ black,
and twice the length of the body; the last joint very long. Thorax green
and round, the upper part transversely rugose, and armed on each side
with a spine, before which is a small tubercle. Elytra green, and
margined; tapering gradually towards their extremities, where they are
narrow and pointed; being covered with an infinite number of very small
pustules. Abdomen and breast covered with small short hairs, and
appearing of a grayish green colour. Thighs dark red, black at the tips.
Tibiæ black, and compressed. Tarsi black beneath, cushioned, and
orange-coloured.

PRIONUS (ORTHOMEGAS) CINNAMOMEUS.

Plate XL. fig. 2.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Prionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PRIONUS, _Geoffr._ Cerambyx, _Linn._ SUBGENUS. Orthomegas,
_Serville_.

PRIONUS (ORTHOMEGAS) CINNAMOMEUS. Thorace marginato denticulato, corpore
ferrugineo, elytris ad apicem denticulatis. (Long. Corp. 2 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Cerambyx Cinnamomeus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 2. _p._ 623. 10. _Fabr.
Syst. Eleuth._ 2. _p._ 264. 33. _Syst. Ent. p._ 163. 16. _Merian Ins.
Surinam, tab._ 24.

Prionus corticinus, _Oliv. Ent._ 4. 66. _p._ 21. _t._ 9. _f._ 34.

HABITAT: (----? _Drury_). Surinam (_Merian_).

General colour like that of cinnamon. Head covered with hair in front.
Eyes black, extending almost round the head, being only separated both
above and beneath by a narrow space. Antennæ shorter than the body;
flattened towards the tips. Thorax thin on the sides, and margined;
having two spines, the posterior largest; and on the top are two round
tubercles, covered with very short fine hairs or down. Scutellum small
and rounded. Elytra margined deeply on the sides, but more faintly at the
suture, extending beyond the anus; having a small spine at their
extremities, where they are nearly as broad as at the thorax; clothed
with exceeding short fine hairs, as are likewise the abdomen and breast.
Tibiæ with two spurs.

{86}LAMIA VERRUCOSA.

Plate XL. fig. 3.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Lamiidæ.

GENUS. LAMIA, _Fabr._ Cerambyx, _Linn._

LAMIA VERRUCOSA. Fusca; thorace griseo lateribus angulatis, disco
verrucoso; elytris basi rudè punctatis apice lævibus. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.
4½ lin.)

SYN. Cerambyx verrucosus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. (nec _Oliv. Ent._ 4. _t._
20. _f._ 148.)

Lamia verrucata, _Schon. Syn. Ins._ 3. _p._ 396. 189.

HABITAT: Barbadoes.

Head black, inclining downwards. Antennæ greyish or dirty black, as long
as the body. Thorax dirty grey; and, next the elytra, encircled with a
hairy collar, of a red brown colour; very rough above, with short hairs
on it; having a strong thick spine on each side, and underneath covered
with short red brown hairs. Scutellum small, triangular, hairy, and red
brown. Elytra margined at the sides and suture, not covering the anus;
rough on the top and sides next the thorax, with deep punctures; but at
the tips smooth and shining. Abdomen, breast, femora, and tibiæ covered
with short red brown hairs; the latter with a single spur. Tarsi
cushioned, and dirty yellowish coloured beneath.

PLATE XLI.

SAPERDA TRILINEATA.

Plate XLI. fig. 1.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Lamiidæ.

GENUS. SAPERDA, _Fabr._ Cerambyx, _Linn._

SAPERDA TRILINEATA. Grisea seu luteo-rufa, vittis tribus longitudinalibus
dentatis albis, antennis longis. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Cerambyx trilineatus, _Linn. Mant. p._ 532. _Fabr. Sp. Ins._ 1. 226.
_Syst. Ent._ 179. 6. (Stenochorus t.)

Saperda vittata, _Fabr. Mant. p._ 231. _Syst. Eleuth._ 2. 322. 30.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head dark brown, the top being tawny yellow, the sides striped with
white. Antennæ greyish brown, much longer than the insect. Thorax very
cylindrical, without spines, yellowish brown, having a white stripe on
each side, and another on the top. Scutellum very small, semicircular,
white, with a black spot in the middle. Elytra margined from the middle
to their extremities, where each terminates in a spine, having a white
line running on each side from the thorax to their extremities,
internally serrated; another white line (also internally indented) runs
along the suture, being parallel with those on the thorax and head.
Abdomen greyish, with some tawny yellow hairs on each ring. Breast tawny
yellow. Legs greyish brown, (the fore ones in one of the sexes being
elongated) without any spines at any of the joints.

{87}CLYTUS PICTUS.

Plate XLI. fig. 2.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Cerambycidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. CLYTUS, _Fabr._ Cerambyx p. _Linn._ Leptura p. _Drury_.

CLYTUS PICTUS. Thorace rotundato flavo-fasciato, elytris fasciis septem
flavis; anticis antrorsum, posticis retrorsum arcuatis. (Long. Corp. fere
9 lin.)

SYN. Leptura picta, _Drury, Append. vol._ 2.

Clytus flexuosus, _Fabr. Syst. El._ 2. 345. 1. _Syst. Ent._ 191. 22.
(Callidium f.) _Oliv. Ent._ 4. 70. 34. _t._ 6. _f._ 76.

Leptura Robiniæ, _Forster Cent. Ins. p._ 43.

HABITAT: New York; where they are found upon the Locust tree (_Drury_).

Head black, surrounded by a yellow line; front yellow, with a black spot
between the antennæ. Antennæ red brown. Thorax black, cylindrical, and
smooth, without spines or risings; being encircled with four yellow
rings. Scutellum yellow and oval. Elytra black, with six irregular
angulated streaks crossing them at equal distances; and another regular
and even yellow line crossing them at the joining of the thorax. Abdomen
yellow, with dark brown rings. Breast greyish yellow. Legs light red
brown, with a small tibial spur.

STENOCORUS (ELAPHIDION) IRRORATUS.

Plate XLI. fig. 3.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Cerambycidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. STENOCORUS, _Fabr._ Cerambyx p. _Linn._ SUBGENUS. Elaphidion,
_Serv._

STENOCORUS (ELAPHIDION) IRRORATUS. Thorace mutico inæquali, elytris apice
bidentatis, albo irroratis, antennis longis aculeatis. (Long. Corp. 9
lin.)

SYN. Ceramb. irroratus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 2. _p._ 633. 62. _Oliv.
Ent._ 4. 67. _t._ 21. _f._ 163. _Fabricius Syst. Ent. p._ 180. 9. _Syst.
Eleuth._ 2. 307. 9. _Serville Ann. Soc. Ent. de Franc._ 1835. _p._ 67.
(Elaphidion i.)

HABITAT: Jamaica; residing in the mahogany trees (_Drury_).

Head very dark brown, almost black; front dappled with cream colour.
Antennæ dark brown, and about the length of the insect; having spines at
each joint, except that next the head. Thorax spineless, brownish black,
with white patches on its sides; and, when viewed through a microscope,
punctured. Scutellum very small, and nearly triangular. Elytra brownish
black, margined at the sides and suture, with whitish patches thereon,
punctured; having two spines at the extremity of each. Abdomen and breast
black, and covered with short grey hairs like pile. Legs reddish brown,
with a small spine at the tip of each of the femora (except the fore
ones), and another at the tips of the tibiæ.

STENOCORUS (ELAPHIDION) SPINICORNIS.

Plate XLI. fig. 4.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Cerambycidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. STENOCORUS, _Fabr._ Cerambyx p. _Linn._ SUBGENUS. Elaphidion,
_Serv._

STENOCORUS (ELAPHIDION) SPINICORNIS. Thorace inermi tuberculato; elytris
bidentatis, antennarum articulis bispinosis, corpore luteo-griseo, fusco
variegato. (Long. Corp. circ. 10 lin.)

SYN. Cerambyx Spinicornis, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Fabr. Syst. Ent. p._
179. 7. _Syst. Eleuth._ 2. 306. 5. _Oliv. Ent._ 4. 67. _t._ 17. _f._ 130.
_Serville loc. cit. sup._ (Elaphidion s.)

Cerambyx insularis, _Linn._ (_Gmel._) 1. 4. _p._ 1859.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

{88}Head clay-coloured. Antennæ red brown, about as long as the insect,
each joint having two spines, except that next the head. Thorax
clay-coloured and cylindrical, without spines; having a small red brown
streak extending along the middle and down the head. Scutellum
triangular. Elytra clay-coloured, with many small red brown streaks
crossing them; margined on the sides and suture, each having two spines
at its extremity. Abdomen and breast greyish clay-coloured, with a small
red brown spot on each side of each of the segments. Legs red brown,
having a strong spine at the tip of each of the femora, except the fore
ones, and another at the tips of each of the tibiæ.

SAPERDA CARCHARIAS.

Plate XLI. fig. 5.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Lamiidæ.

GENUS. SAPERDA, _Fabr._ Cerambyx p. _Linn._

SAPERDA CARCHARIAS. Griseo-pubescens, nigro-punctata, antennis
mediocribus griseo nigroque annulatis. (Long. Corp. 5.-8 lin.)

SYN. Ceramb. Carcharias, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 2. 631. 52. _Fabricius
Syst. Eleuth._ 2. 317. 1. _Oliv. Ent._ 4. 68. _t._ 2. _f._ 22. _Panzer F.
I. G._ 69. 1. _Stephens Ill. Brit. Ent. Mand. vol._ 4. 238.

HABITAT: Germany (_Drury_). "In Europæ Sylvis" (_Fabr._).

Head dark clay-coloured. Antennæ clay-coloured, with black rings, and
about the length of the insect. Thorax cylindrical and clay-coloured,
without any spines or risings on it. Scutellum nearly square. Elytra dark
clay-coloured, and margined along the sides; when viewed through a
microscope they appear to be covered with a great number of small black
pustules. Abdomen and breast clay-coloured; as are the legs, on each of
which is a small spine at the tip of the tibiæ.

This fine insect has, within a few years, been found in considerable abundance in the fenny districts of Cambridge and Huntingdonshire, upon low sallows.

STENOCORUS ATOMARIUS.

Plate XLI. fig. 6.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Longicornes. FAMILY: Cerambycidæ, _Leach._

GENUS. STENOCORUS, _Fabr._ Cerambyx p. _Linn._

STENOCORUS ATOMARIUS. Nigricans, sericie luteâ indutus; thorace
cylindrico nec tuberculato nec spinoso; elytris fusco cinereoque
variegatis. (Long. Corp. 8 lin.)

SYN. Cerambyx atomarius, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. (nec _De Geer_, 5. _p._
65. 4. nec _Fabr. Syst. El._ 2. 287. nec _Oliv._ 4. 67. _t._ 9. 59. d.)

Stenochorus marylandicus? _Fabr. Syst. Ent._ 179. 5. _Syst. Eleuth._ 2.
306. 4. _Oliv. Ent._ 4. 70. _t._ 1. _f._ 5.

HABITAT: New York.

Head brownish black, covered with short yellowish grey pile. Thorax dirty
black, covered with yellow grey pile; cylindrical, and without any spines
or risings. Antennæ dusky brown; having a spine on each joint, except
that next the head, and about the length of the insect. Scutellum very
small. Elytra black, mottled with yellow grey; being margined at the
sides and suture, and not reaching or covering the anus, each having two
spines at the extremity. Abdomen and breast greyish brown, as are the
legs, each of which is furnished with a spine at the tip of the tibiæ.

{89}PLATE XLII.

SCUTELLERA DRURÆI.

Plate XLII. fig. 1. 5.

ORDER: Hemiptera. SUBORDER: Heteroptera. SECTION: Geocorisa. FAMILY:
Scutati, _Burmeister._

GENUS. SCUTELLERA, _Latreille_, _Burmeister_. Tetyra, _Fabr._ Cimex.
_Linn._

SCUTELLERA DRURÆI. Supra rufa, capite, pronoti maculis duabus, scutelli
fasciis duabus irregularibus maculisque duabus subapicalibus nigris.
(Long. Corp. 7½ lin.)

SYN. Cimex Druræi, _Linn. Mant._ 534. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 4. 83. 13.
_Syst. Rhyng._ 132. 17. (Tetyra D.) _Sulzer Hist. Ins. t._ 10. _f._ 5.

HABITAT: China (_Drury_). America (_Fabricius_, incorrectly).

Head black and small. Antennæ rather longer than the thorax, black,
5-jointed, the two basal joints being shortest. Thorax convex, and
slightly margined at the sides; of a fine scarlet colour, with two black
spots thereon; somewhat oval, but the outline forming with the head an
obtuse angle, the points on the sides being cut off. Wings defended by a
thick scaly scutellum, which is very convex and smooth, without any
suture, entirely covering the abdomen and extending to the anus, of a
scarlet colour, with two broad, black, indented and irregular bars
crossing it; one next the thorax which is broadest, and on which are two
small scarlet spots; the other placed just below the middle, and seeming
to be composed of four spots united together; beneath this are two small
black spots, nearly round, situated near the anus. Fig. _a_. represents
one of the hemelytra, which when at rest are concealed beneath the
scutellum, having the basal portion or corium strong, thick, and opake;
and the terminal portion beyond the transverse rib membranaceous. The
wing at _b_. is very thin and membranaceous; being more transparent than
the hemelytra. Abdomen scarlet, with an oblong black spot at the anus,
and four others on each side joining to the edge. The breast appears in a
strong light of a deep mazarine blue, almost black. Legs, the same. The
proboscis is also blue, lying close to the breast, and extending to the
beginning of the abdomen.

GALERITA AMERICANA.

Plate XLII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Adephaga. FAMILY: Carabidæ. SUBFAMILY:
Brachinides.

GENUS. GALERITA, _Fabricius_. Carabus p. _Linn. &c._

GALERITA AMERICANA. Nigra, thorace antennis pedibusque ferrugineis,
elytris cyaneis. (Long. Corp. 9 lin.)

SYN. Carabus Americanus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. II. _p._ 671. _No._ 19.
_De Geer Ins._ iv. _t._ 17. _f._ 21. _Fabricius Syst. Eleuth._ 1. 214. 1.
(Galerita a.) _Olivier Ent._ III. 35. _n._ 77. _t._ 6. _f._ 72. _Klug.
Jahrb. der Entomol._ 1. _p._ 63.

Carabus Janus, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 1. _p._ 136. _No._ 51.

Carabus bicolor, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _De Jean Spec. General_, 1. _p._
187. 1.

Galerita bicolor. _Klug. loc. cit._

HABITAT: Virginia (_Drury_). North America.

Head very long, black, with a red brown spot on the middle. Antennæ dark
brown, the basal joint being longest, thickest, and lightest coloured;
the others are nearly of equal length; the whole being a little longer
than the elytra. Neck distinct and black. Thorax light red brown, and
almost oval, about the length of the head, and a little broader; it is
also a little margined, and next the body truncate. Scutellum minute,
black, and triangular. Elytra black, margined and furrowed, oval next the
thorax, but more square at their extremities, and not covering the anus.
Abdomen black. Breast light red brown; as are all the legs. The basal
joint of the posterior tarsi is very long.

{90}BRENTHUS MINUTUS.

Plate XLII. fig. 3. natural size, and 7. magnified.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Rhyncophora. FAMILY: Curculionidæ. SUBFAMILY:
Brenthides, _Schonh._

GENUS. BRENTHUS, _Illiger._ Brentus, _Fabr._ Curculio p. _Linn._

BRENTHUS MINUTUS. Niger, elytris striatis nigro-brunneis. (Long. Corp.
fere 6 lin.)

SYN. Curculio minutus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Herbst. Col_. 7. 200. _t._
108. _f._ 9. B. (Brentus m.) _Schonh. Sys. Ins. Curcul._ 1. 368. 6.

HABITAT: Virginia.

Head black, with a long, horny, slender beak. Antennæ placed near the
head, near the base of the beak, black, and about the length of the
thorax, the first and last joints being the longest. Thorax black,
smooth, and shining; being almost the length of the body, and nearly
round, but thickest towards the middle. Scutellum indistinct. Elytra dark
brown, with some patches on them of a lighter colour; margined on the
sides and suture, and with rows of small punctures thereon. Abdomen dark
brown, smooth and shining. The fore legs are longer than the rest, and at
the tips of the tibiæ are furnished with a spine. All the thighs are very
thick in the middle.

CASNONIA LONGICOLLIS.

Plate XLII. fig. 4. natural size, and 6. magnified.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Adephaga-Geodephaga. FAMILY: Carabidæ.
SUBFAMILY: Brachinides.

GENUS. CASNONIA, _Latrielle._ Attelabus p. _Linn. Drury._

CASNONIA LONGICOLLIS. Nigra, elytris punctato striatis, singulo tuberculo
parvo subapicali luteo; thorace fere longitudine elytrorum, pedibus luteo
nigroque variis. (Long. Corp. 4½ lin.)

SYN. Attelabus longicollis, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Virginia.

Head black, long and broad over the eyes, but narrow next the thorax.
Antennæ dark brown, about the length of the head and thorax. Thorax
nearly the length of the wing-cases, black, slender and shining, rising a
little circularly from the body. Scutellum wanting. The elytra are
margined and shining, not covering the anus, with rows of very small
punctures on them, and near their extremities have a small papilla or
swelling of a yellow colour. Abdomen black. Legs partly yellow, and
partly black.

PLATE XLIII.

XYLOCOPA VIRGINICA.

Plate XLIII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Mellifera. FAMILY: Apidæ, _Leach._

GENUS. XYLOCOPA, _Fabr._ Apis, _Linn. Drury._

XYLOCOPA VIRGINICA. Hirsuta pallida; abdomine, excepto primo segmento,
atro. (Magn. Bomb. terrestr.)

SYN. Apis Virginica, _Linn. Mant. p._ 540. _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 346. 14.
(Bombus v.) _Ent. Syst._ 2. 318. 15.

HABITAT: Virginia.

Head, between the eyes, black, with a cream-coloured spot in front, just
above the mouth. Antennæ black, and shorter than the thorax, which is
covered at top with hairs of a pale yellowish colour. All the four wings
are membranaceous and transparent. Abdomen composed of six rings,
{91}entirely black, except the first, which is pale yellow above, but
black underneath. The breast and legs are black and hairy, the hairs on
the fore legs being rather dark brown. The under parts of all the tarsi
are light brown.

TESSERATOMA PAPILLOSA.

Plate XLIII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Hemiptera. SUBORDER: Heteroptera. SECTION: Geocorisa. FAMILY:
Scutati, _Burmeister_. (Longilabres, _Latr._)

GENUS. TESSERATOMA, _St. Farg. & Serv. in Enc. Méth. Latr. Lap. Burm._

TESSERATOMA PAPILLOSA. Lutea, thoracis lateribus subrotundatis, antennis
fuscis basi subferrugineis, abdomine supra purpureo-ferruginoso subtus
luteo. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Cimex Papillosus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. (nec _Fabr. Burmeist. Saint.
Farg. & Serv. &c._)

Tesseratoma Sonneratii. _St. Farg. & Serv. Enc. Méth._ 10. 590. _Guérin
Icon. R. An. Ins. pl._ 55. _f._ 4.

Cimex Chinensis, _Thunb. Nov. Ins._. 45. _t._ 11. _f._ 59. _Laporte
Class. Hemipt. p._ 60.

Cimex papillosus? _Donovan Ins. India, pl._ 13. _fig._ 2.

HABITAT: China (_Drury_).

Head small, yellowish olive-coloured. Antennæ black. Thorax yellow olive,
lying high above the level of the head, and projecting at the ligature of
the wings. Scutellum triangular, terminating in a point near the middle
of the abdomen; the basal part lying underneath the thorax. Hemelytra
crossing each other when at rest; with the basal portion opake, and
yellow olive-coloured; the apical membrane being almost transparent.
Wings entirely membranaceous, and yellow brown. Abdomen above, dark red,
but underneath clay-coloured; furnished with a sharp tooth at each of its
segments. Anus terminating in two angular points, with a small spine on
each side. Breast pale clay colour; having a black spot directly under
the fore legs, and another on each side the middle ones. Legs brown
yellow colour. Proboscis brown.

This very common Chinese insect has been confounded by Fabricius, &c. with an African species (Tesseratoma confusa Westw.) and by Saint Fargeau and Serville, with another from Java (Tesseratoma Javana, Klug. Burm. 2. 350. figured by Stoll. t. 1. fig. 2.) As, however, Drury's specific name, as applied to the Chinese species, has the priority in point of date, I have here reverted to it, and would apply a new specific name to the species from Sierra Leone. The Fabrician species belongs to a different section of the genus having the terminal joint of the antennæ elongated. The only specimens which I have seen of it are those contained in the Banksian Collection in the possession of the Linnæan Society of London. Wolff figures the Chinese species. I have little doubt that Donovan's figure is intended to represent the true papillosus, although it is given as an inhabitant of India.

{92}LEPTOSCELIS BALTEATUS.

Plate XLIII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Hemiptera. SUBORDER: Heteroptera. SECTION: Geocorisa, _Latr._
FAMILY: Coreidæ, _Leach._ (Anisoscelites, _Laporte_.)

GENUS. LEPTOSCELIS, _Laporte_. Anisoscelis p. _Burm._ Lygæus p. _Fabr._

LEPTOSCELIS BALTEATUS. Thorace subspinoso; ferrugineus, elytris lineâ
transversâ flavâ, femoribus posticis gracilibus spinulosis. (Long. Corp.
6½ lin.)

SYN. Cimex balteatus, _Linn. Mant._ 534. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 4. 142. 27.
_Syst. Rh._ 213. 39. (Lygæus b.)

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head small and slender, red brown, striped with black. Eyes projecting.
Antennæ dark brown, or russet colour, and almost the length of the
insect. Thorax red brown, with two small yellow spots in front; lying
above the level of the head, and terminating at the side in right angles.
Scutellum small and angular. Hemelytra coriaceous half way down, and with
the basal portion brown red; the apical membrane opake and dark brown;
having a yellow bar crossing them near the middle. Wings transparent.
Abdomen, above, yellow, and edged with dark brown, the sides being
entire; underneath, entirely dark clay-coloured. Proboscis extending to
the abdomen along the breast, and lying between the legs.

CENTRIS SURINAMENSIS.

Plate XLIII. fig. 4.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Mellifera. FAMILY: Apidæ, _Leach._

GENUS. CENTRIS, _Fabr._ Apis, _Drury_.

CENTRIS SURINAMENSIS. Hirsuta nigra; abdomine, excepto primo segmento,
flavo. (Mag. Xylocop. virginicâ minor.)

SYN. Apis Surinamensis, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 2. 961. 52. _Fabr. Ent.
Syst._ 2. 318. 14. _Syst. Piez._ 355. 3. (Centris S.)

HABITAT: Surinam.

Head black. Antennæ black. Tongue very long, extending to the middle of
the abdomen. Thorax black and hairy. Wings transparent. Abdomen deep
yellow, except the basal segment which is black. Breast and legs black,
and covered with short hairs like pile. Hind legs very broad and thin,
resembling scales; and at the tip of the tibiæ furnished with two sharp
spurs; intermediate tibiæ also with two shorter spurs.

OPHION MACRURUM.

Plate XLIII. fig. 5.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Pupivora. FAMILY: Ichneumonidæ, _Leach._

GENUS. OPHION, _Fabr._ Ichneumon, _Drury_.

OPHION MACRURUM. Fusco-luteum; alis hyalinis, abdomine thorace triplo
longiori ensato. (Long. Corp. 1 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Ichneumon Macrurus, _Linn. Mant. p._ 540. _Drury, Append, vol._ 2.

HABITAT: New York.

{93}Head small, dark orange-coloured. Eyes large, black, and oblong.
Ocelli shining brown. Antennæ nearly the length of the insect, brown
orange, and resembling threads. All the other parts of the insect are of
the same brown orange, except the wings, which are transparent. Thorax
short. Abdomen three times as long as the thorax, very small at the base,
like a thread, but increasing in depth (not in thickness) to the
extremity, where it appears square and even as if obliquely cut off;
arched from the base to the tip. Legs slender, the hinder ones being the
longest. Tips of the tibiæ with two long spines, those of the fore legs
having only one.

This insect very closely resembles the common English species Ichneumon luteus, Linn. It is, however, considerably larger.

After describing this insect our author took occasion to enter into the natural history of the family to which it belongs, namely, the Ichneumonidæ, so named from the Linnæan genus Ichneumon, which last he says, "appears to be taken from its nature and way of life." He then proceeds as follows:--

"It is generally known that butterflies are produced from caterpillars, and that these caterpillars put on different forms before they arrive to that of the butterfly; but few persons know, who have not engaged in this study, that the bodies of these caterpillars are receptacles or habitations for lesser insects, that live and grow within them during a certain time; where they are nourished and fed by the juices of their bowels, till they arrive to a mature age; when, by the appointment of nature, they kill their fosterers, being totally unable to live on any other kind of food but what the intestines of these animals supply them with. The uses and advantages accruing to mankind by the institution of such a genus of insects, together with their natural history, are the subject of the following lines.

"If we examine the glorious works of the creation, and reflect on the paternal care and wisdom of the Almighty, displayed in the preservation and increase of all ranks and kinds of animals; that even the most direful and noxious, have such a proportion in the scale of life, as is most agreeable to the ends of His divine providence; that the limits He hath prescribed to each, extend so far and no farther; and that each species shall multiply in such abundance or scarcity, as are best adapted to preserve, by a just equilibrium, the harmony of the universe: When, I say, we behold this, the mind can scarcely forbear crying out, under a rapturous sense of conviction, "every thing is good." It is to this end we see the strong are permitted to prey on the weak; and that the number of the latter increase in a proportion sufficient to supply the wants of the former; it is to this end we see some feed on herbs and plants, some on fruits and seeds, and some on flesh; each being furnished with appetites and powers, suited to their respective ways of life: and it is to this end, we see those of the most minute kinds, abounding in a degree far beyond those of the first magnitude. The knowledge of the insect kingdom illustrates this observation beyond all possibility of doubt; and the number that may be bred from a single pair, in many species, would exceed all credibility, if it was not to be proved by any person who {94}would take the trouble. The wonderful increase that only two summers would be capable of producing among many of them, if each egg was to yield its respective insect, is amazing. The world itself, in a few years, would be incapable of affording plants sufficient for the nourishment of one single species.[29]

"Hence will appear the 'loving kindness' of the Almighty, in setting such bounds, and keeping them within such limits as best answers the purpose for which He created them; and hence appears the necessity of their becoming food to other animals. Birds, fishes, and the smaller kinds of beasts, are at eternal war with them; but as all these would be insufficient of themselves to restrain and prevent them from multiplying too fast, other kinds of beings are instituted for this end, whose existence depends on their destruction. Of these, the species of insect I am describing, is the most singular, of which (genus) there are several sorts, differing greatly in size and shape. Some are furnished with three setæ or bristles at the extremity of their bodies, the middle one being a hollow tube, secured or fenced by the outer ones, through which they eject their eggs, after they have penetrated the body of the caterpillar they settle on. Some appear to have no bristles, others have them bent close under their bodies, and are not to be seen, unless closely examined. As their whole business appears to be the destroying the caterpillars of the butterfly and moth tribes, they are indefatigable in the pursuit of them; but as this is confined to the pregnant females, they are observed ranging about continually in search of the proper subjects to lay their eggs on; flying on every bush, and running with unwearied diligence on every twig, till they have arrived to the place where the scent of the caterpillar soon furnishes them with the certainty of its being there. Having thus discovered the animal it was in quest of, the Ichneumon immediately settles on it, with an intent to discharge its eggs; but the caterpillar being sensible, from a natural instinct, of its enemy's assault, bends its head backwards to the place where it feels itself attacked, and endeavours by various means, either by striking its head violently against the part, falling to the ground, or by some sudden contortion, to disengage itself: but this seldom happens, unless the Ichneumon is feeble, and unable to withstand the shocks of the caterpillar; in which case they will frequently relinquish their attack, and seek out some other subject, whose resistance they are more capable of encountering. On the other hand, if the Ichneumon is strong enough to withstand the efforts of the caterpillar, it either lays its eggs on the outside of the skin, as is the nature of some to do, or else perforates the body with the bristle before described, and immediately discharges an egg. Some of these Ichneumons quit the caterpillar upon the emission of an egg, but others {95}continue thereon till they have emitted them all; which sometimes is more than an hundred. It is necessary to observe, that many caterpillars of moths and butterflies (the former more especially) are infested by a particular species of these Ichneumons, that confine themselves entirely to them alone, and never, that we know of, attack any other. Thus that of the Privet Hawk or Sphinx Ligustri of Linnæus, that of the Elephant Hawk or Sphinx Elpenor of the same author, &c. are always found to yield particular kinds of Ichneumons. Others, indeed, attack any kind of caterpillar belonging to the farinaceous-winged tribe; and, as I observed above, if not too powerful and strong for them, will there deposit their eggs.

"If the egg is laid on the body of the caterpillar, and not within it, a few days, by the warmth of the sun, ripens it to maturity; and then the young destroyer, directed by nature, eats its passage through the under-side of the egg, and passes into the body of the caterpillar, but if the egg is discharged into its body, it there ripens, unseen, to maturity. In either case, it lives on the substance or juices of its intestines; thriving and increasing in bulk, in a proportion equal to the creature it is doomed to kill. The caterpillar, also, notwithstanding its having thus received the means of a slow but certain death, increases in size, and, to outward appearance, in health; arriving to the period when it is to undergo its metamorphosis, and become a Chrysalis, in as much strength and vigour as any other of the species: but when the time arrives for its enlargement into its complete state, and to become a moth or butterfly, the Ichneumon makes its appearance; having arrived to its time of completion within the body of its supporter, and exhausted its juices by the nourishment drawn from it, leaving behind it a dry empty shell, in the form of a chrysalis.

"In this manner many of these Ichneumons exist. Others, when arrived to maturity, having lived within the bodies of the caterpillars, as described, eat their way out through its sides, and, crawling to a small distance, form round themselves cases of a substance like silk; wherein, having lain a few days, they quit their prisons in the shape of very small flies, some having two wings, others four."--Vide Goedartius, Albin, Wilks, Harris, &c.

POLISTES ANNULARIS.

Plate XLIII. fig. 6.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Diploptera. FAMILY: Vespidæ, _Leach._

GENUS. POLISTES, _Fabr._ Vespa, _Linn. Drury._

POLISTES ANNULARIS. Fusca; genubus, antennarum apicibus margineque primi
segmenti abdominis flavis. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Vespa annularis, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 1. 2. 950. 9. _Fabr. Syst.
Piez._ 271. 3. (Polistes a.)

Vespa cincta, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Virginia (_Drury_).

Head dark brown colour, like the rust of iron. Antennæ shorter than the
thorax; dark brown, yellow at the tips. Thorax dark brown, with a black
stripe on each side. Wings extending beyond the abdomen, thin,
membranaceous, and dark brown, not perfectly transparent, and doubled or
folded {96}lengthways together. Abdomen black, except the first segment,
which is dark orange, margined with yellow. Anterior femora dark brown,
the other parts of those legs yellow. The other legs dark brown; the tips
of the tibiæ and the tarsi being yellow.

POLISTES SQUAMOSA.

Plate XLIII. fig. 7.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Diploptera. FAMILY: Vespidæ, _Leach._

GENUS. POLISTES, _Fabr._ Vespa, _Linn. Drury_.

POLISTES SQUAMOSA. Thoracis dorso nigro lineis flavis, scutello flavo
lineâ nigrâ, abdomine fulvo annulo nigro versus apicem. (Long. Corp. 10
lin.)

SYN. Vespa Squamosus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

Polistes lineata? _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 271. 9. _Ent. Syst._ 2. 259. 20.

HABITAT: New York.

Head yellow; but on the top, near the ocelli, black and hairy. Antennæ
shorter than the thorax, dark brown, yellow next the head to the first
joint, including about a third part. Thorax yellow, slightly hairy;
having three black stripes on the top and two on each side meeting on the
breast. Wings thin, almost transparent, and doubled or folded
longitudinally. Abdomen dark orange, with a black ring next the anus, and
two lesser ones near the thorax; none of which are seen underneath, being
there entirely of a dark orange. Legs yellow, and furnished with two
spines at the tips of the tibiæ; the anterior having only one.

POLYDESMUS (FONTARIA) VIRGINIENSIS.

Plate XLIII. fig. 8.

ORDER: Chilognatha, _Latreille_. Aptera, _Linnæus, Drury_. FAMILY:
Julidæ.

GENUS. POLYDESMUS, _Latreille, Brandt in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. vol._ 6.
Julus, _Fabr._ Fontaria, _J. E. Gray._

POLYDESMUS (FONTARIA) VIRGINIENSIS. Corpore pallide griseo, segmentis
convexis, articulo pedum secundo acutissimo. (Long. Corp. 1 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Julus virginiensis, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. _Pal. Beauv. Ins. d'Afr.
et d'Amer. Apter. pl._ 4. _f._ 5. _p._ 156.

Julus tridentatus, _Fabr._

Fontaria Virginiensis, _J. E. Gray in Griff. An. K. Ins. pl._ 135. _f._
1.

HABITAT: Virginia.

This insect is entirely wingless. Head circular and flat, placed under
the first segment. Antennæ composed of five equal articulations. Body
rounded at top, forming an arch equal to one-fourth of a circle, and
consisting of nineteen rings or scales, which lie very closely over one
another, the hinder part of one exactly fitting the fore part of the
next. Each of these scales, except some near the head, have four short
feet fixed to them; the whole number of which is sixty. The general
colour of the insect is whitish grey; the under part being lighter than
the upper. Along the middle of the latter runs a darker shade, having a
single spot of a wainscot colour placed on the middle of each scale.

{97}PLATE XLIV.

MYDAS CLAVATUS.

Plate XLIV. fig. 1.

ORDER: Diptera. SECTION: Notacantha, _Latr._ FAMILY: Mydasidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. MYDAS, _Fabr. Latr._ Midas, _Weidemann_. Musca, _Drury_, _De
Geer_.

MYDAS CLAVATUS. Niger, abdominis segmento secundo aurantiaco, alis
nigris. (Long. Corp. 1 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Musca clavata, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. (1773.)

Bibio filata, _Fabr. Mant. Ins._ 2. 328. 1. (1787.) _Syst. Antl._ 60. 1.
(Mydas f.) _Weidemann Aussereur. Zweifl. Ins._ 1. 240. 3. _tab._ 11.
_fig._ 3. _Ditto in Nova Acta Nat. Curios. vol._ 5. _p._ 2. _pl._ 53.
_fig._ 8.

Nemotelus asiloides, _De Geer Mem. vol._ 6. _t._ 29. _f._ 6.

HABITAT: New York, and other parts of North America.

Head black. Antennæ nearly the length of the thorax, black, slender, and
knobbed at their extremities. Thorax black and smooth. Wings coppery
brown, very membranaceous, and not transparent. Abdomen black, and
composed of eight segments, the second being of a deep yellow; which
colour extends only to its sides, the under part being black. Legs
entirely black; the hinder ones being furnished with a strong spine at
the tips of the tibiæ, the middle ones having four small ones, and the
fore ones none. Each of the ungues has two small yellow scales (puvilli)
placed underneath.

TABANUS PLUMBEUS.

Plate XLIV. fig. 2.

ORDER: Diptera. SECTION: Tabaniens, _Latr._ FAMILY: Tabanidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. TABANUS, _Linn, &c._

TABANUS PLUMBEUS. Obscurè coccinelleus, abdomine marginibus posticis
pallidioribus, alis sublimpidis costâ fuscâ, antennis brunneo-rufis.
(Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Tabanus plumbeus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

Tabanus ruficornis, _Fabr. Syst. Ent._ 789. 8. _Syst. Antl._ 96. 14.
_Weidemann Auss. Zw._ Ins. 1. 112.

Tabanus Americanus, _Forster Novæ Sp. Insect. Cent._ 1. 100.

Tabanus limbatus, _Pal. Beauvois Ins. d'Afr. & d'Amer. Dipt. t._ 1. _f._
2.

HABITAT: New York, Virginia, &c. North America.

Head ash-coloured. Eyes nearly black. Antennæ red brown. Only one
ocellus, placed a little above the antennæ. Proboscis almost equal in
length to the depth of the head. Thorax dark greenish-brown coloured;
having a white spot at the base of each wing. Abdomen dark brown colour;
each segment being on the under side margined with grey. Wings
transparent; anterior edges brown and opake. Legs dark brown; the middle
ones having two spines at the tips of each of the tibiæ. The ungues have
two small brown scales under them. Breast hairy and ash-coloured, but
white on the sides.

TABANUS AMERICANUS.

Plate XLIV. fig. 3.

ORDER: Diptera. SECTION: Tabaniens. FAMILY: Tabanidæ.

GENUS. TABANUS, _Linn. &c._

TABANUS AMERICANUS. Niger, abdomine canescente, alis fusco-nigris. (Long.
Corp. circ. 11 lin.)

SYN. Tabanus Americanus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2. (nec _Forster._)

Tabanus atratus, _Fabr. Syst. Ent._ 789. 9. _Syst. Antl._ 96. 16.
_Weidemann Auss. Zw. Ins._ 1. 114. _No._ 3.

Tabanus niger, _Pal. Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Amer. Dipt. t._ 1. _f._ 1.

HABITAT: New York, and other parts of North America.

{98}Head black. Antennæ black, being placed on the front of the head; the
parts surrounding them shining, as if finely polished. Ocelli wanting.
Proboscis red brown; being inclosed in a kind of sheath, which is black.
Thorax very dark brown, almost black. Wings dark brown and membranaceous,
not transparent. Abdomen lead coloured, the extremity nearly black; being
of the same colour underneath as at top. Legs entirely black; the middle
ones being furnished with two spines at the tips of the tibiæ. Breast
hairy and black.

SPHEX JAMAICENSIS

Plate XLIV. fig. 4.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Fossores. FAMILY: Sphegidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. SPHEX, _Linn. &c._

SPHEX JAMAICENSIS. Castaneo-rufus, abdomine nitido, capite thoraceque
fulvo-hirtis, antennis nigris, alis fuscis.

SYN. Vespa Jamaicensis, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head brown orange. Antennæ almost black, and near the length of the
thorax. Eyes large, and dark brown. Thorax brown orange-coloured, and
hairy, with a black spot between the wings. Wings nearly transparent,
_and doubled or folded together_. Abdomen shining and very smooth, red
brown, and united to the thorax by a small but short thread-like
peduncle. Legs red brown, and, except the fore ones, furnished with three
spines at the tips of the tibiæ.

Drury described this insect as having the wings doubled or folded together, a peculiarity observed only in the wasps, amongst which the insect was placed by our author, who named it _Vespa_ Jamaicensis. My specimen of this insect, which I have reason to believe belonged to Drury, is so pinned, that the upper surface of the thorax is pressed down, and the upper wing forced backwards, and thrown nearly upside down, which was evidently the case with the specimen described by Drury.

SCOLIA FOSSULANA.

Plate XLIV. fig. 5.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Fossores. FAMILY: Scoliidæ.

GENUS. SCOLIA, _Fabr._ Sphex, _Drury_.

SCOLIA FOSSULANA. Atra, thorace flavido hirto, abdomine fasciis quatuor
flavis, intermediis dentatis. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Scolia fossulana, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 242. _No._ 18.

Sphex plumipes, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: New York.

Head pale yellow in front, black on the top and hairy. Antennæ black, and
shorter than the thorax. Neck hairy, lemon-coloured. Thorax black, and
covered with yellow hairs. Wings dark brown, almost transparent; not
folded or doubled together. Abdomen black underneath and lemon-coloured
above, where it has three black lines crossing it, two of them being
broadest in the middle. Anus and breast {99}black. Legs black and hairy;
the hinder ones being furnished with two remarkable long spines at the
tips of the tibiæ. Tarsi, particularly those of the hinder legs,
furnished with very strong hairs, or rather bristles at each of the
joints; pale yellow-coloured.

I should have retained the specific name given to this insect by Drury, on account of its priority, but it is so inappropriate, not only being applicable to one sex alone, the female, but the spines on the fore legs being found throughout the genus, as well as in nearly all the burrowing Hymenoptera. Fabricius has incorrectly referred this figure to his Scolia radula, which has a spotted thorax.

PELOPÆUS CÆMENTARIUS.

Plate XLIV. fig. 6. Imago--fig. 7. Cocoon--fig. 8. Imago taken out of the Cocoon. Plate XLV. fig. 8. Nest--fig. 9. Section of the Nest--fig. 10. two Cocoons exposed.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Fossores. FAMILY: Spegidæ.

GENUS. Pelopæus, _Latr. Fabr._ Sphex, _Linn. Drury._

PELOPÆUS CÆMENTARIUS. Abdomine petiolato nigro, segmento primo (excl.
pedunc.) lunulâ flavâ thoraceque punctis flavis, pedibus flavis
posticorum femoribus apiceque tibiarum nigris. (Long. Corp. 1 unc.)

SYN. Sphex Cæmentaria, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

Pelopæus lunatus, _Fabr. Syst. Piez._ 203.

HABITAT: Jamaica, Antigua, St. Christopher's (_Drury_). "In America
insulis, in India orientali frequens." (_Fabricius_, incorrectly?)

Head black and hairy. Antennæ black, basal joint yellow. Thorax black,
with short hairs on it, but next the head yellow, having a yellow spot at
the base of each wing, and another next the abdomen. Wings brown, and
almost transparent; lying flat, not folded. Abdomen black and round,
nearly as long as the thorax; basal segment (exclusive of the peduncle)
yellow; pointed at the tip, and armed with a retractile sting. Peduncle
very slender, black at top, and yellow underneath; being nearly the
length of the thorax itself. Breast black. Fore and middle legs black
next the body, but from the middle of the thighs yellow. Hinder thighs
and lower parts of the shins black, the remainder yellow. Claws black.

The following particulars relative to the economy of this species were communicated to Mr. Drury from a correspondent in Antigua, who forwarded to him specimens of the insect.

"This insect is called at Antigua, and several other places in the West Indies, the Mason Fly, a name given it from the remarkable manner in which it builds its nest, or receptacle for its young.

"When the male and female have performed the business of copulation, their[30] next care is to provide a proper habitation for raising and securing their future progeny; to this end they seek out a proper spot that is secure from rains, &c. and is so situated as to afford a {100}sufficient warmth for the young offspring, but not so hot as to destroy instead of nourishing them. The sides of a wall underneath the eaves of a house, is the place often pitched on for this purpose. Thus prompted by nature, and instinctively knowing the necessity of performing this work, they carry a quantity of dirt, and place it against the wall, which they temper and soften with a liquor issuing from their bodies, that renders it sufficiently strong and tenacious, and when dry, is proof against any rains that may happen to get at it. The nest is composed generally of about a dozen cells, that are round, and sufficiently capacious to hold the caterpillar when grown to its full size; each of which is about an inch long, and about three-eighths of an inch in diameter, lying parallel with each other, and formed in such a manner, that each cell lies between two others, both above and below it, except the outward ones, having a hole left open at the extremity of each, for the parents to go in and out at pleasure. See Plate 45. Fig. 8. that at 9 being a nest supposed to be cut through its middle, to shew the form of the cells, and manner of their being built. The industry exerted on this occasion is remarkably great, for in a few days the whole is completed. There is no doubt but the heat of the climate greatly contributes to facilitate this work, as the dirt of which it is composed is quickly dried, and by that means enables them to be very expeditious. Their next employment is procuring a number of small spiders, with which each cell is properly filled, and are to serve for food to the young brood; of these they always take care to lay in such a sufficient store, that the young ones seldom, if ever, perish from want. I have opened many of these cells, and constantly found a spider remaining uneat, sometimes two, and not seldom three, so that it is evident the parent animal makes ample provision for the appetite of its young. By the time one cell is replenished with provision, the pregnant female, finding the eggs within her ripening to maturity, and under the necessity of discharging them, lays a single one in the cell, and then covers up the hole with dirt, which was left open for a passage, in so neat and curious a manner, that the nicest eye could not discover the place where they used to enter. She then proceeds in the same manner to the next, and so on, till all her eggs are emitted and laid in their respective cells, each cell being furnished with a single egg and no more. My correspondent assures me, he is not certain whether the male assists in building the nest, or whether it is the sole production of the female; but they both equally contribute to furnish it with provision, which they carefully watch and preserve from the ants, that in that hot climate would soon rob them of. In a little time the young ones are hatched; and each, finding in its respective habitation a proper quantity of food, subsists thereon, and there lives unseen, till it arrives to its complete state. When it (the caterpillar) is advanced to its full size, it forms round itself a brown case, as appears at Fig. 7. Plate 44. and at Fig. 10. Plate 45. and in that inclosure undergoes its transformation; when it puts on its form as at Fig. 8. Plate 44. remaining with its legs, wings, and horns, closed round, as is there shewn, till it has acquired strength to break its enclosure. At its first assuming this form, it is white, soft, and tender, and its wings shorter than those in the figure; in a few weeks its becomes hard, strong, and of its proper {101}colour. The wings, also, before that time, grow to their proper size; and now, finding itself arrived at a period when the forementioned circumstance of its confinement is no longer necessary to its well being, it obtains its liberty, by making a hole at the end of its cell, with its jaws and fore legs, large enough to permit its escape.

"The separation of the thorax and abdomen, by such a long slender membrane or ligament, is very singular, and the power the insect is invested with, by means of those jaws or forceps placed at its mouth, is really wonderful; for the number of insects, of a superior strength, as well as size, which it is capable of destroying, is scarcely credible. It will overcome a spider of twice its own size, if it can but get upon the back of it, by means of its forceps and sting: nor will multitudes of other insects find it a less formidable enemy, if they are not guarded by nature with a covering too hard to yield to the force of these destructive weapons. In short, it seems to be an animal formed by nature, as one of those instruments instituted for subduing and lessening the vast numbers of small insects that abound in warm climates."

PLATE XLV.

LEPTOSCELIS PICTUS.

Plate XLV. fig. 1.

ORDER: Hemiptera. SUBORDER: Heteroptera. SECTION: Geocorisa, _Latr._
FAMILY: Coreidæ, Leach. (Anisoscelites, _Laporte_.)

GENUS. LEPTOSCELIS, _Laporte_. Anisoscelis p. _Burm_. Lygæus p. _Fabr._

LEPTOSCELIS PICTUS. Niger, capitis lineâ dorsali, thoraceque crenulato
rufis, hoc anticè maculâ margineque postico nigris, femoribus gracilibus
denticulatis, abdomine supra cyaneo maculis marginalibus rufis. (Long.
Corp. 7½ lin.)

SYN. Cimex pictus. _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

Lygæus crenulatus, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ 4. 144. 33. _Syst. Rh._ 250. 11.
(Alydus cr.)

HABITAT: Antigua.

Head small and slender; red, striped with black. Eyes round and
projecting. Antennæ black, and nearly the length of the insect;
four-jointed. Thorax red, with black marks near the head, and another
near the abdomen; the sides lying high and angular. Scutellum black and
triangular. Hemelytra dark (almost black), the apical membrane being
rather less so than the basal portion. Wings almost transparent. Abdomen
above, blue along the centre, and red on the edges, indented with black;
beneath red and brown, as are also the breast and sides. Legs black.
Hinder thighs, having several spines on them. The proboscis extends to
about the middle of the abdomen.

This species is very closely allied to the insect figured in Plate 43, fig. 3.; nevertheless, their descriptions are placed very widely apart in the Systema Rhyngotorum. They appear to form a good subgenus, nearly allied to Hypselopus of Burmeister, which is confined to Africa.

{102}EUMENES ABDOMINALIS.

Plate XLV. fig. 2.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Diploptera. FAMILY: Vespidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. EUMENES, _Fabr. Latr._ Vespa, _Linn. Drury_.

EUMENES ABDOMINALIS. Fusco-fulva, antennis fuscis apice nigris, abdomine
pyriformi petiolo longo nigro apice fulvo, segmento sequenti nigricanti.
(Long. Corp. 10½ lin.)

SYN. Sphex abdominalis, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head brown yellow. Eyes black. Antennæ brown, but near their extremities
black, being the length of the thorax. Thorax brown yellow. Wings
membranaceous, yellowish, and almost transparent, being folded
longitudinally. Abdomen round, and longer than the thorax, brown yellow;
the first segment (exclusive of the peduncle) black, with several black
spots or streaks on the under side. It is attached to the thorax by a
curved peduncle, considerably less than itself, being black; but at the
tip yellow, and of the length of the thorax. Breast and sides black,
streaked with brown. Legs brown yellow, furnished with a spine at the
tips of the tibiæ, except the hinder ones, which have two.

CENTRIS GROSSA.

Plate XLV. fig. 3.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Mellifera. FAMILY: Apidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. CENTRIS, _Fabr._ Apis, _Linn. Drury_.

CENTRIS GROSSA. Aureo-viridis, nitida; antennis pedibusque nigris. (Magn.
Bomb. terrestr.)

SYN. Apis grossa, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

Head black, inclining to blue, with a mixture of green. Eyes large.
Antennæ black, and shorter than the thorax. Tongue yellow, and secured
within its brown case. Thorax shining, of a dark golden green, with a
mixture of blue, having a few black hairs on it. Wings membranaceous and
brown. Abdomen of the colour of the thorax, but underneath more of a
mazarine blue. Breast the same. Legs hairy and black; posterior tibiæ
more so than the others.

This fine species appears nearly allied to the Centris versicolor, Fabr. (Syst. Piez. 359. 23.) which is an inhabitant of the Islands of America, but which is described thus, "thorace hirto cinerascente, abdomine cyaneo, ano rufescente."

ECHINOMYIA HIRTA.

Plate XLV. fig. 4.

ORDER: Diptera. SECTION: Athericera. FAMILY: Muscidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. ECHINOMYIA, _Dumeril_. Tachina, _Fabr._ Musca, _Drury_.

ECHINOMYIA HIRTA. Atra; alis obscuris, abdomine rufo-fusco setis longis
nigris obsito, pedibus nigris. (Magn. Muscæ carnariæ.)

SYN. Musca hirta, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

HABITAT: Jamaica.

{103}Head black. Eyes light brown. Antennæ like jointed scales, not
hairy. Thorax above almost black, with a few hairs on the sides. Wings
brown and opake, not transparent. Abdomen red brown, covered with very
long black hairs. Legs black.

REDUVIUS (CONORHINUS) VARIEGATUS.

Plate XLV. fig. 5.

ORDER: Hemiptera. SUBORDER: Heteroptera. SECTION: Geocorisa. FAMILY:
Reduviidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. REDUVIUS, _Fabr._ Cimex, _Linn._ Subgenus: Conorhinus, _Laporte_,
_Burm._ Triatoma, _Lap. olim._

REDUVIUS (CONORHINUS) VARIEGATUS. Niger; thoracis lateribus maculisque
marginalibus abdominis ferrugineis, corio nigro rufo-marginato. (Long.
Corp. fere 1 unc.)

SYN. Cimex variegatus, _Drury, App. vol._ 2.

Reduvius gigas, _Fabr. Syst. Rh._ 267. 3. _Burmeister_ II. 246. 1.?
(Conorhinus G.) _Stoll._ 13. _f._ 85.? _Wolff_, 12. f. 113.?

HABITAT: Antigua.

Head black and small. Eyes black. Antennæ black, and shorter than the
insect. Thorax black, the sides red brown and angular. Scutellum small,
black, and angular. Basal portion of the hemelytra black, verged with
red; the apical membrane opake and brown. Wings transparent. Abdomen
black, with red spots on its sides, which are seen also beneath. Legs
black, yellow at the base.

The antennæ of this insect, as represented in the figure, are quite unlike those of any of the Reduviidæ, although in every other respect, and more especially in the peculiar neuration of the membranous part of the upper wings, it agrees with the Reduvius gigas of Fabricius, a species very widely dispersed, being found in South America, Sierra Leone, East Indies, as well as the Island of Mauritius.

ERISTALIS CINCTUS.

Plate XLV. fig. 6.