Chapter III: Part C: deals with aero-engines. It is mainly remarkable--in comparison (1)

Text size

with past issues--for the large number of engines which have ceased to exist. It is probably still too ample; as a year hence quite half the makers still recorded are likely to disappear. The mere ability to construct motor car engines is no longer of value. The aeroplane engine designer needs to be a specialist. The absolutely ideal aero-engine no doubt yet remains to be produced; but meanwhile the tendency of users to concentrate upon fewer makes is increasingly evident, despite the fact that the best engine for one particular type of machine is not necessarily the best for some other type.

In conclusion I tender my most grateful thanks to all those who have so kindly collaborated with or for me in the various sections. The book is still some way from being near my ideal, but I have every hope that this edition will be generally considered a very considerable improvement upon previous issues.

FRED T. JANE.

_Bedhampton,_
_Hants.,_
_England._

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS, Etc.

Part A.

AEROPLANES & DIRIGIBLES.

ARRANGED BY NATIONALITIES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER.

Note.--Every nation is given in the following fixed order:--

List of Aerial Societies and Clubs, with addresses and Secretaries
where possible. List of Aerial Journals, with addresses, price, and
dates of publication.

List of Flying Grounds for aeroplanes, and hangars for dirigibles
(if any).

List of Military and Naval Machines and aviators.

List of Private Aviators, total of machines, etc.

AEROPLANES in alphabetical order, _uniform scale_ plans, and
particulars.

DIRIGIBLES: Military and private _uniform scale_ plans, and
particulars.

Note.--The uniform scale of dirigible plans is a smaller scale
than that used for aeroplanes.

ARGENTINE.

(Revised by J. SCHIERE, Aeronautical Engineer and Librarian, Dutch R. Ae. C.)

~Aerial Societies~:--

Ae.C., Argentino, 561, S. Martin, Buenos Ayres.

~Aerial Journals~:--

Boletin del Ae.C., Argentino (Monthly).

~Flying Grounds~:--

~Aerodromo Villa Lugano~. (P. Castabert, Director.)

~Aerodromo del Palomar~. (Military).

~Military Aviation.~

At the end of 1912 there were 6 military aeroplanes (3 _Bleriot_, 1 _Castaibert_, 1 _Nieuport_, and 1 _H Farman_)--all 1912 models.

Marcel Paillette is director of the military flying ground at the Palomar Aerodrome.

More machines will be added and by the end of the present year it is probable that a very considerable air force will exist.

~Private Aviators.~

Bregi, Henri (A.C.F. 26)
de Bruyn, A. (3)
Castaibert, B. (1)
Fels, T. (9)
England, Gordon F.C. (British p.)
Goffre, C.A. (4)
Hentsch, H. (5)
Mascias, A.R. (8)
Melchior, E. (11)
Newbury, G. (6)
Origone, M.F. (10)
Paillette, Marcel (French p.)
Parravicini, F. (7)
Roth, J.A. (2)
Valleton A. (French p.)

PABLO CASTAIBERT. Monoplane.

Note. Both fly well. Description in _Boletin de Ae.C. Argentino_.

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN.

(By our Austrian Editor.)

~Aerial Societies:--~

Cesky Club Automobilistn. Aviatische Sektion. (Prague.)

Deutscher Luftfahrt-Verein in Boehmen (Teplitz-Schoenau).

Flugtechnischer Verein fuer Maehren (Brunn.).

Flugtechnischer Verein in Schlesien (Troppau).

Flugtechnischer Verein in Steiermark (Graz, Schmiedgasse 31).

K.k. Oesterreichischer Flugtechnischer Verein (Wienstrasse 31,
Vienna).

Kaertner Automobil Club (Klagenfuert.)

Klub Awiata (Obertynska Str. 8, Lemburg, Galicia).

Magyar Automobil Club (Budapest).

Magyar Athletikai Club (Abt. fur Aviatik) Budapest.

Oberoesterreichischer Verein f.L. in Linz (Landstr. 119, Linz).

Oesterreichischer Aero Club (St. Annahoff, Vienna) (_formerly
Wiener Aero Club_).

Oesterreichischer Flugsport Club (Breitegasse 7, Vienna VII).

K.k. Oesterreichischer Flugtechnischer Verein (Weinstrasse 31,
Vienna).

Oesterreichischer Luftflotten-Verein (Vienna).

Oesterreichischer Wintersportklub (Vienna). _Glider club._

Verein fuer L. in Tirol (Innsbruck).

~Aerial Journals:--~

_Allgemeine Automobil Zeitung._ (Fleischmarkt 5, Vienna) weekly.

_Allgemeine Sport Zeitung._ (St. Annhoff, Vienna) weekly.

_H.P. Fachzeitung fuer Automobilismus und Flugtechnik._ (Vienna)
weekly.

_Oesterreichische Flugzeitschrift._ (Aspernplatz, Wien I)
fortnightly.

_Wiener Luftschiffer-Zeitung._ (St. Annahof, Vienna) fortnightly.

~Flying Grounds:--~

_Military._

~Fischamend~ (Principal Army).

~Goerz.~

~Zaule b. Triest.~

_Naval._

~Pola.~

_Private._

~Aspern bei Wien~, Vienna.

~Rakos bei Budapest.~

~Wiener Neustadt.~

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN AEROPLANES.

~Military Aviation: General.~

In June, 1912, a central aeronautical committee was created, under the presidency of Prince Fuerstenberg, to deal with the creation of a national aerial fleet. One of the objects is the perfection of the Austrian machines and factories.

About the same date, Pola was selected as a naval aviation school, and two _Paulhan-Curtiss_ hydro-avions purchased.

In August the record making _Lohner_ was purchased for the Army.

During September Captain Odolek tested before the military authorities a parachute of his invention; and a number were ordered.

In October very strict regulations were issued as to aircraft flying over prohibited areas, a rule that any offenders would be shot at was subsequently modified.

In November a _Donnet-Lereque_ was purchased for the Navy and another ordered at the Whitehead Works, Fiume.

~Army Section.~

At the end of 1911 the Army possessed 4 monoplanes and one biplane (a _Lohner_), now available for school work.

During 1912 there were acquired:--

~20 monoplanes.~--1 _Bleriot_, 2 _Nieuport_, 15 _Etrich-Taube_, 1 _Etrich_ limousine, 1 _Deperdussin_.

~6 biplanes.~--4 _Lohner-Daimler_, 1 _Mars_, 1 _Klobucar_, (of the above the 2 _Nieuports_, 1 _Etrich_ limousine and the 4 _Lohners_ were the only ones built in Austria).

~Naval Section.~

~4 hydro-avions~ were acquired during 1912; 2 _Donnet-Leveque_ and 2 _Paulhan-Curtiss_.

~Military Pilots.~

Banfield, Ob. Leut.
Blaschke, v. Ob. Leut.
Eyb, Ob. Leut.
Flassig, Leut.
Holeka, Ob. Leut.
Kenese, Ob. Leut.
Klobucar, Ob. Leut.
Miller, Ob. Leut. (5)
Oelwein, Ob. Leut.
Perini, Leut.
Petroczy, Haupt. von.
Riedlinger, Ob. Leut. von.
Schindler, Leut.
Schuenzel, Leut.
Stohanzl, Ob. Leut. K (14)
Umlauff, Major von. (10)
Uzelac, Ob. Leut.
Venczel, Leut.
Welhelm, Ob. Leut. von

The military centre is at Goerz, the naval one at Pola.

Flying officers receive each a grant of 1,600 crowns; also 15 crowns a month for upkeep. Special certificate brings 2,000 crowns extra grant.

~Private Aviators.~

* = Superior brevet. + = Killed.

Auer, J. (6)
Baar, R.
Baboncse, K.
Banfield, K.
Bauer, Dr. V.R. von.
Bernat, M.
*Brier, H. (18)
Blaschke von. Z.R.
Booms, W. (9)
Bratmann, J.
Buchstaetter, A.
Cejnek, J.
Cihak, E.
Ciszek, J.
Czermak, J.
Dworak, W.
*Economo, C.F. von. (7)
Fiedler, P. (19)
*Flesch, J. (11)
Friedmann, W.
Haner, E.
Hesse, M.
Heyrowski, A.
Hieronimus, O.
Hinter, K.
Hold, Hermann
Huss, H.
*Illner, K.
Javor, J.
Kaiserfeld, R. von.
Kasulakow, W.
Keck, Z.
Kenese, W.
Kiraly, K.
Klobucar, V.
Knirsch, A.
Kolowrat, A. Graf. (15)
Kreiner, E.
Lagler, B.V.
Latzel, J.
Lettis, A.
Libowitzky, A.
Mandl.
Mazuranic, B.
+Mosen.
Nemec, H.E. von.
Nittner, E.
Ockermueller, H.
+Petrovics, A. von. (13)
Pischof. A.R. von. (2)
Rabis, M.
Reisner, H.
Riedlinger, E. v. Kastrenberg.
Rosenthal, F.
+Russjan.
Sablatnig, J. (12)
Schartner, H.
Schindler, A.
Schonowsky, B.
Schoenpflug, F.
Seidl, Franz.
Simon, R. (4)
Stanger, R.
Steiner-Goeltl, E. v. A.
Stiploschek, M.
*Szekely, M.
Tauszig, A.
Teufl von. Ferland, R.
Umlauff von F.
Vlaicu, A.
*Warchalowski, A. (1)
Warchalowski, K. (8)
Weiner, T.
Widmer, J.
+Wiesenbach, V.
Wosecek, W.

~Private Aeroplanes.~

At the end of March, 1913, the total number of private aeroplanes in the country was about twenty.

ETRICH Monoplanes. Etrich Flieger Werke, Wiener Neustadt. Igo Etrich was a very early experimenter in conjunction with Wels. In 1909 he produced on his own account the first _Etrich_ monoplane, a characteristic machine, which except for detail improvement, varying dimensions, etc., has not been appreciably altered since. (See Historical Section.)

-----------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------------+
| | ~VIII 1911-12.~ | ~1912-13.~ |
Model and date. | ~VII 1911.~ | 2-seater | Limousine 2-seater. |
-----------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------------+
~Length~ feet (m.) | 37 (11.30) | 30-3/4 (9.30) | 26-1/4 (8) |
~Span~ feet (m.) | 48 (14.60) | 42 (12.80) | 31-1/4 (9.50) |
~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.) | 380 (35) | 323 (30) | 280 (26) |
{total lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ... |
~Weight~ { | | | |
{useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ... |
~Motor~ h.p. | 120 Daimler | 100 | 60 Daimler |
~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.) | ... | ... | ... |
Number built during 1912 | 5 | 2 | 2 |
-----------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------------+

Remarks.--A number of _VII_ & _VIII_ have been sold for military purposes to the Austrian, Russian, German, and other governments.

LOHNER-DAIMLER. This firm is now amalgamated with Etrich.

----------------------------------+------------------+--------------------
| | ~1912-13.~
| ~1911.~ | Lohner Daimler
| | Pfeilflieger.
----------------------------------+------------------+--------------------
~Length~ feet (m.) | ... | 32 (9.70)
~Span~ feet (m.) | ... | 44-1/4 (13.50)
~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.) | ... | 450 (42)
{total lbs. (kgs.) | ... | 926 (420)
~Weight~ { | |
{useful lbs.(kgs.) | ... | ...
~Motor~ h.p. | 60 Aust. Daimler | 125 Aust. Daimler
~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.) | 50 (80) | 62 (100)
Number built during 1912 | ? | 4
----------------------------------+------------------+--------------------

Remarks.--Staggered and ~V~ shape. Late in 1911 one was purchased for the Austrian Army. In 1912 made a world's altitude. Passenger record, 4,530 metres (14,862 feet.)

MERCEP Monoplanes. Mihalis Mercep, Aeroplanwerkstatte, Agram, Hungary. Russjan was connected with this firm, which built 2 biplanes to his designs in 1909. Russjan was killed in the second of these. In 1911, a _Mercep_ was built.

----------------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------
| ~1911.~ | ~1912-13.~
----------------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------
~Length~ feet (m.) | 29-1/2 (9) | 23 (7)
~Span~ feet (m.) | 34-1/3 (10.50) | 32-1/2 (10)
~Area~ sq. feet (m squared) | ... | 204 (19)
{machine, etc. lbs. (kgs.) | ... | 617 (280)
~Weight~ { | |
{useful lbs. (kgs.) | ... | 661 (300)
~Motor~ h.p. | ... | 50 Gnome
Number built | 1 | 1
----------------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------

WARCHALOWSKI, Biplane. Karl Warchalowski, Autoplan Werke, Odoakergasse 35, Vienna XVI.

A machine generally on _M. Farman_ lines, but with different shaped ailerons and corners of the leading edge rounded.

WHITEHEAD. Whitehead & Co., Fiume, Austria. The Whitehead Torpedo Co. has laid down plant for the production of hydro-aeroplanes.

ZIEGLER Monoplane. Flugzengwerke Johann Ziegler, Vienna.

--------------------------------+-----------------
| ~1912-13.~
--------------------------------+-----------------
~Length~ feet (m.) | 59 (18)
~Span~ feet (m.) | 42-3/4 (13)
~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.) | 586 (55)
{ total | 1656 (750)
~Weight~ { |
{ useful | ...
~Motor~ h.p. | 100 Mercedes
~Speed~ m.p.h. (k.m.) | 50 (80)
Number built during 1912 | 2
--------------------------------+-----------------

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN DIRIGIBLES.

~Military.~

-------+------------+-------------------+-------+----------+-------+-----------------+-------------
Date | | | | Capacity | | Speed. |
of | Name. | Make. | Type. | in m cubed. | H.P. | m.p.h. (k.p.h.) | Remarks.
order. | | | | | | |
-------+------------+-------------------+-------+----------+-------+-----------------+-------------
| | | | | | |
1909 | ~M 1~ | Parseval P.L. 4 | n.r. | 2300 | 70 | 27 (45) |
1909 | ~M 2~ | Lebaudy-Juillot 6 | s.r. | 4800 | 100 | 23 (37) | Wrecked 1911
| | | | | | | but repaired
1910 | ~M 3~ | Koerting (K.W. 1) | n.r. | 3600 | 150 | 30-1/2 (49) |
1912 | ~M 4~ | Zeppelin | | 22,000 | 450 | 47 (75) | _Building._
-------+------------+-------------------+-------+----------+-------+-----------------+-------------

Military Dirigible Pilots.

Cajanek, V.
Grebenz, K.
Hauswirth, J.
Heller, S.
Hofstaetter, E.
Macher, M.
Tauber, F.
Tepser, G.E. von.
Weiss, H.

~Private.~

Two _Renners_ and a _Boemcher I_ have ceased to exist.

Private Dirigible Pilots.

Adrario, K.
Baumann, F.
Becker, T.
Berlepsch, F.F. von.
Cassinone, A.
Fuerst, A.
Hoffory, W.
Hinterstoisser, F.
Kaiser, K.
Mannsbarth, F.
Nowy, V.
Richter, von. B.
Stagel, H.
Stratmann, W.
Wagner, E. von. F.
Zborowski, J.

BOEMCHER II. (1912-13.) Non-rigid.

+------------------+
| |
| _Building._ |
| |
+------------------+

~Length~, ? feet ( ? m.) ~diameter~, ? feet ( ? m.) ~volume~, 77,000 c. feet (2,750 m cubed.)

~Gas bags.~--

~Motor.~--

~Speed.~--25 m.p.h. (40 k.p.h.)

~Propeller.~--

LEBAUDY-JUILLOT 6=Military M II. (1910.) Semi-rigid.

~Length,~ 229-3/4 feet (70 m.) ~diameter,~ 36 feet (11 m.) ~volume,~ 170,000 c. feet (4,800 m cubed.)

~Gas bags.~--Austro-American Rubber Co.

~Motor.~--100 h.p. Mercedes.

~Speed.~--27 m.p.h. (45 km.)

~Propellers.~--Two 2-bladed.

Remarks.--Built by the Austrian Daimler works to _Lebaudy-J._ designs. Sister to the Russian _Lebed_.

KOeRTING-WIMPASSING (K-WI). Non-rigid=Military. M III. (1911.)

~Maximum length~, 213-1/4 feet (65 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 34-1/2 feet (10.50 m.) ~volume,~ 127,150 c. feet (3,600 m cubed.)

~Total lift.~-- lbs. ( kgs.) ~Useful lift,~ lbs. ( kgs.)

~Gas bags.~--2 ballonets of 15,900 c. feet (450 m cubed.)

~Motors.~--2 Koerting, of 75 h.p. each (= 150 h.p.)

~Speed.~--30-1/2 m.p.h. (49 km.) Made on trials March, 1911.

~Propellers.~--Two 4-bladed. Diameter, 9-3/4 feet (3 m.)

~Steering.~--_Parseval_ style. This ship is generally an adaptation of the _Parseval_ type. Accommodates 8 people. Completed 1911. Military airship.

Remarks.--

MANNSBARTH. Non-rigid (1911). _(Alias ~STAGL MANNSBARTH.~)_

~Maximum length,~ ? feet ( ? m.) ~maximum diameter,~ ? feet ( ? m.) ~volume,~ 289,600 c. feet (8,200 m cubed.)

~Total lift.~-- ? lbs. ( ? kgs.) ~Useful lift,~ ? lbs. ( ? kgs.)

~Gas bags.~--Divided into 4 compartments. Ballonet in each.

~Motors.~--2 of 150 h.p. each (= 300 h.p.)

~Speed.~--40 m.p.h. (65 k.p.h.)

~Propellers.~--3. Diameter, 13 feet (4 m.) Also 1 helice.

~Steering.~--Helice used as elevator. Rudder aft. Forward and after ballonets also used as elevators, _Parseval_ style. Completed 1911.

Remarks.--Built for Government, but not taken over.

PARSEVAL P.L. 4. Non-rigid. = MILITARY M I. (1909.)

~Maximum length,~ 164 feet (50 m.) ~approx. diameter,~ 28-1/4 feet (8.60 m.) ~volume,~ ? c. feet (2,300 m cubed.)

~Total lift.~--5,730 lbs. (2,600 kgs.)

~Gas bags.~--Rubbered fabric by Austrian American Rubber Co.

~Motor.~--70-100 h.p. Mercedes Daimler. 1,200 r.p.m. at 70 h.p.

~Speed.~--27 m.p.h. (45 km.) made on trials.

~Propellers.~--_Parseval_ type, semi-rigid, chain driven, 3-bladed. Diameter, 11-1/2 feet (3.50 m.)

~Steering.~--_Parseval_ system.

Remarks.--Built by the Austrian Motorluftschiff Gesellschaft to the _Parseval_ type C design (see Germany). Taken over by the Austro-Hungarian Army, December, 1909. Has flown 6-1/2 hours. Has risen to 1,150 metres and subsequently flown 1-1/2 hours. Carries 4 persons, _about_ 400 lbs. (180 kgs.) ballast, and fuel for 12 hours. _Station_: Fischamend.

BELGIAN.

(Revised by M. BRACKE, Aeronautical Engineer & Editor of "L'Aero Mecanique.")

~Aerial Societies:~--

Aero Club Belgique.

Aero Club of Hainault.

La Ligue Nationale Belgique.

Delta Club (Kites).

Ae. C. de Flanders.

Ae. C. du Littoral.

Ae. C. de Liege-Spa.

~Aerial Journals:~--

_La Conquete de l'Air._ (214 Rue Royale, Brussels) bimonthly, 5
francs p.a.

_L'Aero Mecanique_ (Brussels edition). Chemin de St. Denis,
Casteau, Mons., Belgium, 2.50 f.

_L'Aviation Industrielle et Commerciale_ (monthly), Chemin de St.
Denis, Casteau, Mons., 1.50 f.

~Flying Grounds:~--

Berchem.

Brasschaet (Military).

Camp de Casteau. (Aviation Industrielle & Commerciale).

Etterbeek, near Brussels.

Kiewit.

St. Job (private property Baron de Caters.).

BELGIAN AEROPLANES.

~Military Aeroplanes.~

At the end of 1912 the military air force consisted of three 50 h.p. Gnome _H. Farman_ 1911 military, used for instructional purposes, and twenty-four 70 h.p. Gnome _H. Farmans_ (model 1912 military), for war work:

The military school is at Brasschaet, near Antwerp. Major Campion in command.

The course is as follows:

1. _Theoretical course._--Lectures on meteorology, structure of aeroplanes, aviation motors, etc.

2. _Practical._--This, in addition to flight, consists of dismounting and replacing parts of aeroplanes and aerial motors, all general repairs, erecting hangars and aerial photography.

The school possesses nine hangars, of which three are Bessonneau type, three wooden, and three metal.

For 1913 the sum of L20,000 is to be expended for purchase of aeroplanes and the establishment of aerial squadrons at Antwerp, Liege, and Brasschaet.

These are organised into six squadrons of four units each. The full complement of each squadron is eight aviators, fifteen to 20 mechanics, etc., and six citizen soldiers.

The question of hydro-avions for the Congo is under consideration.

~AVIATORS.~

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. Belgique pilot certificate number.)

Military.

Broune, Lieut. (37)
Cozic, R. (23)
Dhanis, Lieut. (35)
Heinter Poorten (47)
Lebon, Lieut. (36)
Moulin, E. (45)
Movtens, Lieut. (19)
Nelis, Lieut, (in command) (28)
Robert, V. (47)
Sarteel, Lieut. (26)
Sournoy, J. (46)
Tocy, Lieut.

Private.

Allard, E. (4)
Armand, C. (22)
Baugniet, Edmond (18)
Boel
Bracke, A.
Camille, Amand (22)
Christiaens, Joseph (7)
Crombez (25)
De Caters, Baron (1)
De Heel, Emile (24)
D'Hespel, Comte Joseph (15)
De la Hault, Adhemar
De Laet, E. (31)
De Laminne, Chev (9)
De Jonckeer (44)
Depireux, Isidore (20)
De Petrovsky, Alexandre (11)
De Ridder, Alphonse (13)
De Roy, W. (41)
Descommines
Deudeuner, A. (43)
Dolphyn (40)
Doneryos, J. (33)
Duray, A. (3)
Dutrieu, Mdlle. H. (27)
Fischer, Jules (12)
Frenay, Fernand (21)
Hanciau, P. (34)
Hanouilleo, P. (42)
Hasen
Lamblotte, F. (29)
Lanser, Alfred (16)
Lescart, F. (30)
Mestagh, G. (39)
Michez, S.R. (32)
Olieslagers, Jan (5)
Olieslagers, Max
Orta, Jose
Peeters
Pickard
Stellingwerff, J. (49)
Tyck, Jules (8)
Van den Born, Chas. (6)
Verschaeve, Fernand (17)
Verstraeten, Leon (14)

The following Belgian aviators have been killed:--

BEHUEGHE (Bron), in Herseun. Built in 1912. A monoplane that flew very well at camp of Casteau Aerodrome during May--October. ~Motor.~--25. h.p. type Morane. New designs in wing construction, landing chassis, etc.

A. BRACKE (formerly Bracke, Missyon & Co.), Casteau, Mons. In 1910, constructed the first aeroplane built by a Belgium firm--a monoplane with planes at 120. This machine has not been duplicated: but the firm have since built machines to private specifications. The only firm which has in Belgium the speciality of aeronautical patents.

DE BROUCKERE, 23 rue Joardens, Brussels. Biplane. H. Farman. type. Built in 1911, modified in 1912.

DE LA HAULT Adhemar de la Hault, 214 rue Royale, Brussels. In 1906, built a flapper of novel design. This was followed in 1910, by a machine on monoplane lines with one fixed plane and two flapping wings. This failed to fly, and in August, 1911, was altered into a biplane. It did not succeed, however. M. Hault is still pursuing the ornithopter question.

HAREL I. Biplane. ~Length.~--49-1/4 feet (15 m.) ~Surface.~--344-1/2 sq. feet (32 m squared.) ~Weight.~--771 lbs. (350 kgs.), flying order. Warping wings. Monoplane tail. ~Motor.~--50 h.p. Gnome, mounted just under and forward of the upper wing. ~Tractor.~--1 Chauviere. Elevator placed 1 in front and 1 in rear, _H. Farman_ style. Rudders, 2 in rear. Completed May, 1911. For further details see _Conquete de l'Air_, July 1st, 1911. Property of M. Van der Stegen.

WILLIAMS. Biplane. ~Motor.~--70 h.p. E.N.V. Generally of headless _Voisin_ type on a _Farman_ body. Completed 1911. Has flown fairly well.

BELGIAN DIRIGIBLES.

Military.

~1910.~

1. LA BELGIQUE II~ (late ~I~)_ 4,000 m cubed.

~1911.~

2. LA BELGIQUE III

Note.--_La Belgique I_ was built in 1909 and re-built 1910.

Private.

VILLE DE BRUXELLES 6,000 m cubed.

LA BELGIQUE II. (No. 1 rebuilt.) Military.

~Length,~ 226 feet (64.8 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 35 feet (10.75 m.) ~capacity,~ 141,300 cubic feet (4,000 m cubed.) ~total lift,~ 9,921 lbs. (4,500 kgs.)

~Gas bag.~--Rubber proofed Continental fabric. Ballonet, filled by a separate motor giving 7.5 inches of water pressure. Warm air can be pumped in if required. Ballonet, 28,250 c. feet (800 m cubed.)

~Motors.~--2, each of 60 h.p., Vivinus, 4-cylinder, 112x130.

~Propellers.~--1 in front of the car. 285 revolutions per minute. Wood construction.

~Speed.~--25 miles per hour. 40 km. per hour.

~Planes.~--Horizontal: a gas tube bent horizontally round the tail. Vertical: vertical fins on the tail, and a long vertical keel under the gas bag.

~Car.~--A girder, square in section, tapered at both ends. Built of tubular steel. Length, 82 feet (25 m.)

~Miscellaneous.~--Built by L. Godard, France, 1909. Crew, 3 men. Accommodation for 1 passenger. Fuel for 10 hours. Greatest height attainable, 3,280 feet (1,000 m.)

~Table of weights.~--
Gas bag, complete with ballonet, valves, planes, lbs. kgs.
suspension, etc 1,951 885
Propellers (2) 275-1/2 125
Blower 33 15
3 h.p. motor for blower 33 15
Motors (2) complete with gearing and shafting 1,410 640
Car 992 450
Fuel for 10 hours 738-1/2 335
Ballast 826-3/4 375
1 passenger (or ballast) 154 70
Crew (3) 463 210
Guide ropes, etc 220 100
Miscellaneous 88 40
----- -----
_About_ 7,165 3,250

Remarks.--Reconstructed in the winter of 1909. There are two noteworthy innovations in connection with the ballonet. (1) The ballonet can be warmed by the motor. (2) In case of real emergency air can be pumped direct into the gas bag. Experiments of the utmost importance to all airships are in progress with a view to ridding the gas of this air cheaply and quickly.

LA BELGIQUE III. Military.

Presented 1910 to the Belgian Government by H.M. the King of the Belgians. 4,500 m cubed. Practically same as II, but has 3 propellers. ~Motors.~--Two 100 h.p. Germain.

VILLE DE BRUXELLES.

(Formerly known as LA FLANDRE.)

(Astra type.)

~Maximum length,~ 256 feet (78 m.) ~maximum diameter,~ 41 feet (12.4 m.) ~volume,~ 212,000 c. feet (6,000 m cubed.)

~Total lift.~--15,763 lbs. (7,150 kgs.) ~Useful lift,~ lbs. ( kgs.)

~Gas bags.~--Continental rubbered fabric, yellow. Ballonet, 16,146 c. feet (1,500 m cubed.)

~Motors.~--2 Pipe motors of 100 h.p. each, placed in line with each other in the fore and aft line, and with clutches and the necessary gearing in between them.

~Speed.~--35 m.p.h.

~Propellers.~--3, namely: one at the fore end, driven by the two motors when coupled together, and two placed above and on either side of the centre of the car, for use when only one motor is running. Chauviere propellers.

~Steering.~--Vertical steering by means of a large double aeroplane fixed above the car, about a third from the front. Horizontal steering by means of a double vertical rudder above the rear end of the car. Stability is secured by the usual Astra pear shaped stabilising gas bags, with fins of rubbered cloth spread between the inner edges of these shapes.

Remarks.--The distinctive feature of this ship is the arrangement of the propellers. Both motors can be coupled either on to the front propeller or on to the two rear propellers, or on to all three together, but they are actually intended only to drive the front one. On stopping either motor the other is connected to the two rear propellers, which are designed for a slower speed of translation than the front one, with the result that the running motor does not find itself overloaded as it would if the same propeller had to serve both for one and for two motors.

BRAZILIAN.

~AVIATORS.~

Garos, Queiroz, Robert, Henri, Santos-Dumont, Versepuiz.

There are possibly one to two aeroplanes in Brazil, but the well-known aviators live in France. Little or nothing seems doing in Brazil as yet.

BRITISH.

~Aerial Societies:~--

Royal Aero Club.

Aerial League.

Aeronautical Society. (Premier Society, founded 1866.)

Brooklands Aero Club.

There were once a great many local aero clubs, but the majority of these have ceased to exist and with one or two possible exceptions all the rest are moribund.

~Aerial Journals, etc.:~--

_Aeronautical Journal._ Quarterly. 53, Victoria St., London, S.W.

_Aeronautics._ 3d. monthly. 27, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.

_The Aero._ 6d. monthly. 20, Tudor St., London, E.C.

_Flight._ 3d. every Saturday. 44, St. Martins Lane, London, W.C.
(Official organ of the R. Ae. C.)

_The Aeroplane._ 1d. weekly, 166, Piccadilly, London.

_All the World's Aircraft._ 21/-. Annual. 100, Southwark Street,
London, S.E. and 5, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.

In addition, the _Car Illustrated_ and the _Motor_ devote considerable space to aerial matters.

~Principal Flying Grounds:~--

~Aldershot.~--Army school.

~Brighton,~ Shoreham Aerodrome. Aero school.

~Brooklands.~--Bristol school.

~Camber Sands,~ Rye, Sussex.--At low tide moderately hard sand and
soft places. Area two miles by one mile.

~Dagenham~ (Aeronautical Society).

~Dartford Marsh.~--Vickers school.

~Dunstall Park,~ Wolverhampton.

~Eastbourne.~ Aerodrome School.

~Eastchurch,~ Sheppey.--(R. Ae. C.) 350 acres. Sheds. Members only.
R. Naval school.

~Filey.~--Blackburn school.

~Hendon.~--Grahame-White, Blackburn, Bleriot, Deperdussin, Temple
and Ewen schools.

~Lanark.~--Deperdussin school.

~Liverpool~ (Melly school).

~Llandudno & North Wales.~--Aerodrome.

~Mapplin Sands,~ Essex.--(Foulness). Very hard sand at low tide.
Area ten miles by four miles. Property of War Office. Flying
forbidden in winter.

~Salisbury Plain.~--Bristol school. Vast space available. Plenty of
fairly smooth ground. Army school.

~Shoreham.~--(See Brighton).

~Upavon.~ Central flying school (R. Flying Corps.)

~BRITISH MILITARY AVIATION.~

~Royal Flying Corps.~

In 1912 the Royal Flying Corps was instituted. It consists of two wings, navy and army, with a central flying school at Upavon, Salisbury Plain.

The staff is as follows:--

_Commandant_: Paine, Capt. G.M., M.V.O., R.N.

_Secretary_: Lidderdale, Asst. Paymaster J.H., R.N.

_Medical Officer_: Lithgow, Capt. E.G.R., R.A.M.C.

_Quarter-Master_: Kirby, Hon. Lieut. (Qr.-Mr.), V.C.

_Instructor in Theory and Construction_: Cook, Lieut.-Col. H. R., R.A.

_Instructor in Meteorology_: Dobson, G., Esq.

_Instructors in Flying_:

Fulton, Capt. J. D. B., R.A.

Gerrard, Capt. E. L., R.M.

Shepherd, Lieut. P. A., R.N.

Trenchard, Mt. Maj. H. M., D.S.O., R. Sc. Fus.

Salmond, Capt. J. M., R. Lanc. R.

_Inspector of Engines:_ Randall, Eng.-Lieut. C. R. J., R.N.

~Royal Aircraft Factory.~

This is situated at Farnborough. Mervyn O'Gorman is superintendent. There are large sheds. Some _B E_ biplanes have been built here, but the principal object of the factory is understood to be repairs and maintenance.

~Naval Wing Royal Flying Corps, Aeroplane Section.~

There is a special Air Department at the Admiralty with Captain M. F. Sueter, as Director, Commander O. Schwann and Lieut. C. L'Estrange-Malone, as Assistants, Eng. Lieut. G. W. S. Aldwell, as Eng. Inspector.

Officers are graded Flying Officers, then Flight Commanders, thence to Squadron Commanders.

The flying school is at Eastchurch, Sheppey. Commander Sampson, S.C., in command. There are at present four air stations: (1) Isle of Grain, (2) Calshot, (3) Harwich, (4) Yarmouth.

At the end of March, 1913, the total number of aeroplanes including those on order, school machines, etc., was about 32; of which about 16 were effective for war purposes or available at short notice.

These machines were as follows:--

7 monoplanes (= 1 Bleriot, 2 Deperdussin, 1 Etrich, 1 Nieuport, 2 Short).

15 biplanes (= 1 Avro, 2 Bristol, 1 Breguet, 1 Caudron, 2 H. Farman,
1 M. Farman, 5 Short, 2 Sopwith).

10 hydro-avions (= 1 Astra, 1 Avro, 2 Borel, 1 Donnet-Leveque,
1 H. Farman, 1 M. Farman, 3 Short).

The _personnel_ is as follows (number after names is the R. Ae. C. brevet number):--

~Squadron Commanders.~

Gerrard, Capt. F. L., R. M. (76)
Gordon, Capt., R. M. (161)
Gregory, Lieut. (75)
L'Estrange-Malone, Lieut. C. (195)
Longmore, Lieut.
Sampson, Com. C. R. (71)
Shepherd, Lieut. P. A. (215)

~Flight Commanders.~

Courtney, Lieut. I. T. (R. M.)
Grey, Lieut. Spencer (117)
Risk, Capt. C. E., R. M. (303)
Seddon, Lieut. J. W. (296)

~Flying Officers.~

Those marked * are under instruction, not yet graded.

*Agar, Lieut. A.W.S.
Babington, Lieut. J.T. (408)
Bigsworth, Lieut. A.W. (390)
*Bobbett, Boatswain H.C. (334)
Bowhill, Lieut. F.W. (397)
*Brodribb, Lieut. F.G. (481)
Courtney, Lieut. I.T., R.M.
Courtney, Lieut. C.L. (328)
*Davies, Lieut. R.B. (90)
*Edmonds, Lieut. G.H.K.
*Fawcett, Capt. H., R.M.
*Gaskell, Lieut. A.B.
*Hathorn, Lieut. G.H.V., R.M.
Hewlett, Sub. Lieut., F.E.J.
Kennedy, Lieut. J.B.
*Maude, Lieut. C.E.
*Noyes, Asst. Paymaster, C.R.F.
Oliver, Lieut. E.A. (425)
*Parker, Asst. Paymaster E.B. (415)
Rathbone, Lieut., C.E., R.M.
Ross, Lieut. R.P. (422)
*Sitwell, Lieut. W.G.
Travers, Lieut. J.L.
Vernon, Lieut. H.D. (404)
Wildman-Lushington, Lt. G.V., R.M.A.

The following R.N. officers and men are aviators employed in various duties at the Admiralty, at the Central Flying School or at Eastchurch:--

Aldwell, Eng. Lieut. G.W.S.
Andrews, J.C. (372)
Ashton, Ldg. Seaman
Batemad, Able Seaman P.E. (446)
Briggs, Eng. Lieut. E.F.
Brownridge, Carp.
Collins, Art. Eng. J.V.
Cresswell, Lieut. T.S., R.M. (420)
Deakin, A. (333)
Gerrard, Capt., R.M. (76)
L'Estrange-Malone, Lieut. C. (195)
Lidderdale, Asst. Paymaster H.J. (402)
O'Connor, Art. Eng. T. (280)
Paine, Capt. G.M. (217)
Randall, Eng. Lieut. (81)
Schwann, Com. O. (203)
Scarff, Art. Eng. F.W.
Shaw, Shipwright D. (465)
Shepherd, Lieut. P. (288)
Susans, F. (380)
Wells, Staff. Surg. H.V.

The following have privately secured pilot certificates in the years mentioned but are not employed in the R.F.C. for aeroplane work. Some of them, however (D), are employed in the airship section:--

~1911.~

Bower, Lieut. J.A. (161)
Clark-Hall, Lieut. (127)
Leveson-Gower, Com.
Williamson, Lieut. (150)
Williamson, Lieut. H.A. (160)

~Naval. 1912.~

Blatherwick, Lieut. G. (450)
Brown, Com. A M.T. (345)
Edwards, Lieut. C.H.H.
D Freeman Williams, Lt. F.A.P.(202)
Head, Lieut, G.G.W. (191)
Hooper, Sub. Lt. C.W.W. (382)
Johnson, Capt. C.D.
D Masterman, Com. E.A.D. (Ae.C.F.)
Prickett, Lieut. C.B. (381)
Trewin, Asst. Paymaster (294)
D Usborne, Lieut. N.F. (449)
Wheeler, Mid. N.F. (370)

~Naval. 1913.~

D Boothby, Lieut. F.L.M. (Ae.C.F.)
Brady, B.J.W. (394)
Brown, Lieut. A.C.G. (398)
Dobie, Lieut. W.F.R. (448)
Fitzmaurice, Lieut. R. (447)
Freeman, S.T. (393)
Littleton, Sub. Lieut. H.A. (405)
Picton-Warlow, Lieut. W. (451)
Ross, Lieut. R.P. (422)

~Army Wing Royal Flying Corps, Aeroplane Section.~

The Army wing has its headquarters at S. Farnborough, its constitution being as follows:--

1st squadron (airships or kites) see Dirigible Section.
2nd " (aeroplanes) base at Montrose.
3rd " " " " Salisbury Plain.
4th " " " " S. Farnborough.
(Four more aeroplane squadrons _pro._)

An aeroplane squadron nominally consists of 18 aeroplanes (9 in service, 9 remounts). At the end of March, 1913, the total number of aeroplanes, including those on order, school machines, etc., was about 110, of which about 50 (including some monoplanes not in use) were effective for war purposes or available at short notice.

The total of 110 was thus made up:--

22 monoplanes (= 2 Bleriot, 4 Bristol, 5 Deperdussin, 4 Howard-Flanders,
1 Martinsyde, 6 Nieuport).

86 biplanes (= 4 Avro, 22 B.E. type,[A] various makers), 2 Breguet,
2 Caudrons, 30 Farman (various types), 6 Short--and about
20 Avro or Farman or Short not delivered.

~Squadron Commanders.~

Brooke-Popham, Capt. H.R.M. (108)
Burke, Capt, C.J. (46) (Ae.C.F. 260)
Carden, Lt. A. D. (239)
Cook, Lt.-Col. H. R. (42)
Fulton, Major J. D. B. (27)
Raleigh, Capt. G. H. (196)
Trenchard, Major H. M. (270)

~Flight Commanders.~

Allen, Capt. C. R. W. (159)
Beor, Lt. B. R. W. (R.A.) (185)
Becke, Capt. J. H. W. (236)
Connor, Lt. D. G. (54)
Fox, Lt. A. G. (176)
Higgins, Major J. F. A. (R.A.) (264)
Longcroft, Lt. C. A. H. (192)
Reynolds, Lt. H. R. P. (R.E.)
Salmond, Capt. J. M.
Webb-Bowen, Capt. T. I. (242)

~Flying Officers.~

Abercromby, 2nd Lt. R. O. (134)
Allen, Lt. D. L. (318)
Anderson, Lt. E. V. (247)
Atkinson, Lt. K. P. (267)
Barrington-Kennett, Lt. B. H. (Adjutant) (43)
Beatty, Capt. W. D. (89)
*Birch, Lt. W. C. K. (375)
Board, Capt. A. G. S. (36)
Boyle, Lt. the Hon. D. G.
Burchardt-Ashton, Lt. A. E.
Burroughs, Lt. J. E. G.
Carmichael, Lt. G. I. (316)
*Chinnery, Lt. E. F. (211)
Cholmondeley, Lt. R. (271)
*Christie, Lt. A. (R.A.) (245)
Conran, Lt. E. L. (342)
*Corbalis, Lt. E. R. L.
Darbyshire, Capt. C. (257)
Dawes, Lt. L. (228)
Dawes, Capt. G. W. P. (17)
*Gill, Lt. N. J. (174)
Glanville, Lt. H. F. (307)
Gould, 2nd Lt. C. G. S. (282)
Harvey, Lt. E. G.
*Harvey-Kelley, Lt. H. D.
Herbert, Capt. P. L. W. (244)
Holt, Lt. A. V. (312)
Hubbard, 2nd Lt. T. O. B. (202)
Hynes, Lt. G. B. (R.A.) (40)
James, Lt. B. T.
Joubert, de la F. Lt. P. B. (280)
Lawrence, Lt. W.
MacDonnell, Capt. H. C. (273)
MacClean, Lt. A. C. H.
*Mapplebeck, Lt. G. W. C. (386)
Martyn, Lt. R. B.
Mead, Sergt. J. (475)
Mellor, Capt. C. (155)
*Mills, Lt. R. P. (377)
Moss, Bt.-Major L. B. (241)
*Musgrave, Capt. H. (R.E.)
*Mulcahy-Morgan, Lt. T. W.
*Noel, Lt. M. W. (416)
Pepper, Lt. J. W. (98)
*Picton-Warlow, Lt. W. (451)
Playfair, 2nd Lt. P. H. L. (283)
*Pretyman, Lt. G. F. (341)
Porter, Lt. G. T. (R.A.) (169)
Pryce, Hon. Lt. W. J. D. (Qr.-mr.)
*Read, Lt. A. M. (336)
*Rodwell, Lt. R. M.
Roupell, 2nd Lt N. S. (237)
Shepherd, Capt. G. S. (215)
Soames, Lt. A. H. L.
Small, Lt. F. G. D. (429)
*Small, Lt. R. G. (343)
Smith-Barry, 2nd Lt. R. R. (161)
Stopford. Lt. G. B.
*Todd, Lt. E. (185)
Thompson, Lt. A. B.
Tucker, Capt. F. St. G.
*Vaughan, 2nd Lt. R. M.
Wadham, 2nd Lt. V. H. N. (243)
Waldron, Lt. F. F. (260)
Wanklyn, Lt. F. A. (284)

~Reserve.~

Ashmore, Major E. B. (281)
Bell, 2nd Lt. C. G. (100)
De Havilland, 2nd Lt. G. (53)
Hartree. 2nd Lt. A. (214)
Henderson, Col. D. (118)
Marks, Lt. C. H. (83)
Pizey, 2nd Lt. C. P. (61)
Salmond, Capt. W. G. H.
Smith, Lt. S. C. W.
Unwin, Lt. E. F.
Warter, 2nd Lt. H. de V. (107)

~Special Reserve.~ (_2nd Lieuts. on probation._)

Biard, H. C., de la F. (218)
Busteed, H. R. (194)
Charteris, R. L. (197)
Cutler, H. D. (189)
Davies, E. K. (22)
*Fuller, E. N. (325)
Fuller, H. C. (Ae. C. F.)
Gibson. W. E. (129)
Hammond, J. J. (32)
Humphreys, G. N. (390)
Lerwill, F. W. H.
Metford, L. S. (146)
Perry, E. W. C. (130)
Rickards, G. B. (400)
Sippe, S. V. (172)
Spratt, N. C. (339)
Ware, D. C.
Wilson, C. D. (Ae. C. F. 136)
*Wilson, C. W. (329)
Young, D. G. (207)

The following have qualified privately, R. Ae. C. brevets, but are not at present employed in the Aeroplane Section:--

~1910.~

Gibb, Lt. (10)
Snowden Smith, Lt. (29)
Watkins, Lt. H. E. (25)
Wood, Capt. H. F. (37)

~1911.~

Blacker, Lt. (12)
Cross, Lt. (151)
Dickson, Capt. (Ae. C. F. 260)
Harford, Lt. (152)
Harrison, Capt. (158)
Hoare, Capt. (126)
Hooper, Lt. (149)
Hutchinson, Capt. Steele (143)
Manisty, Lt. G. (135)
Pitcher, Capt. (125)
Sebag-Montefiore, Lt. (93)
Smeaton, Lt.-Col. (115)
Strover, Lt. E. J. (145)

~1912.~

Agnew, Capt. C. H. (240)
Alston, Capt. R. C. W. (255)
Ashton, Lt. A. E. B. (201)
Bannerman, Major Sir A. (213)
Boger, Capt. R. (335)
Borton, Lt. A. E. (170)
Boyle, Capt. M. (241)
Brodigan, Lt. F. J. (200)
Broke-Smith, Capt. D. W. (204)
Bulkeley, Lt. H. T. (246)
Carfrae, Lt. G. T. (188)
Chamier, Capt. J. A. (340)
Cordner, Capt. R. H. L. (277)
Ellington, Capt. E. L. (305)
Empsom, Lt. J. (387)
Fielding, L. H. C. (212)
Fletcher, Lt. (229)
Hanlon, Lt. D. R. (311)
Jones, Lt. B. T. (230)
Lewis, Lt. D. (216)
Mackay, Lt. M. E. (177)
Mackworth, Lt. J. D. (209)
Martin-Barry, Lt. (Ae. C. F.)
McCudden, Capt. J. H. (269)
Miller, Capt. G. R. (313)
Murray, Lt. R. G. H. (320)
Nicholas, Capt. C. P. (266)
Penn-Gaskell, Lt. L. de C. (308)
Percival, Lt. D. (226)
Pollok, Lt. R. V. (379)
Powell, Capt. D. W. (389)
Price, Capt. C. L. (299)
Rawson, Lt. K. (249)
Reilly, Lt. H. L. (252)
Ridd, Corporal F. (227)
Roger, Capt. R. (335)
Stott, Capt. J. N. J. (373)
Styles, Lt. F. E. (338)
Thomas, Staff-Sergt. (276)
Trevenon, Lt. B. J. (230)
Weeding, Capt. (182)
Winfield-Smith, Lt. S. G. (187)
Worthington-Wilmer, Lt. F. M. (254)

~1913.~

Archer, Lt. R. H. (434)
Bayly, Lt. C. G. G. (441)
Bruce, Sergt. W. R. (467)
Bourke, Lt. U. J. D. (479)
Cameron, Major N. J. (478)
Chidson, Lt. M. R. (471)
Crogan, Lt. F. J. L. (460)
Harrison, Lt.
Hawker, Lt. L. G. (435)
Hordern, Lt. L. C. (440)
Hosking, Lt. C. G. (472)
Hunter, Sergt.
Kemper, Sergt. K. (444)
Lee, Lt. C. F. (431)
Maclean, Lt. L. L. (427)
Marshall, Lt. R. (470)
McMullern, Lt. J. D. (436)
Merrick, Major G. C. (484)
Mitchell, Lt. W. G. S. (483)
Read, Lt. W. R. (463)
Rees, Lt. Col. W. B. (392)
Stafford, Sergt. W. G. (438)
Street, Sergt. E. J. (439)
Thomas, Sergt. Major
Vagg, Sergt. H. R. (443)

The above figures are mainly taken from _The Aeroplane,_ 1st May, 1913.

* = under instruction; not yet graded.

PRIVATE AVIATORS.

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the R. Ae. C. pilot certificate number).

_To end of_ ~1911.~

Abbott, C. R. (101)
Aitken, A. H. (56)
Anderson, J. A. (164)
Archer, Ernest (Ae. C. F. 214)
Ballard, F. M. (151)
Barber, H. (30)
Barnes, G. A. (16)
Blackburn, H. (79)
Bowens, R. G. (39)
Boyle, Hon. Alan (13)
Bretherton, John (136)
Breton, J. (136)
Brown, H. B. (109)
Chataway, J. D. (167)
Challenger, G. H. (58)
Chambers, C. F. M. (168)
Cockburn, G. B. (5)
Cockerell, P. (132)
Cody, S. F. (9)
Conway-Jenkins, F. (74)
Crawshay, R. (133)
Colmore, G. C. (15)
Dacre, G. B. (162)
Darroch, G. R. S. (59)
Dolphin, W. H. (82)
Dunkinfield-Jones (138)
Ducroq, M. (23)
Dyott, G. M. (114)
Driver, E. F. (110)
Egerton, M. Hon. (11)
England, Gordon (68)
Esterre, C. R. (Ae. C. F. 259)
Ewen, W. H. (63)
Fleming, H. R. (69)
George, A. E. (19)
Graham-White, Claud (6) (Ae. C. F. 30)
Gresswell, C. H. (26)
Grey, W. H. de (107)
Halse, E. (131)
Hamel, Gustav (64) (Ae. C. F. 358)
Harding, Howard (Ae. C. F. 213)
Harrison, Eric (131)
Hewlett, Mrs. (122)
Higginbotham, Gerald (96)
Hilliard, W. M. (102)
Hubert, Charles (57)
Hotchkiss, E. (87)
Houdini, Harry
Hucks, B. G. (91)
Hunter, A. (137)
Johnston, St. Croix, P. G. (41)
Johnstone, W. Barnley (103)
Kemp, R. C. (80)
Keith-Davies, E.
King
Knight, Archibald (60)
Lawrence, W. (113)
Longstaffe, J. L. (140)
Loraine, Robert (Ae. C. F. 126)
Low, A. R. (34)
Macdonald, L. F. (28)
Maron, Louis (62)
Martin, J. V. Mrs. (55)
Macfie, R. (49)
McArdle, W. E. (Ae. C. F.)
M'Clean, F. K. (21)
Mellersh, O. S. (155)
Melly, H. G. (Ae. C. F.)
Moorhouse, W. B. R. (147)
Morrison, O. C. (46)
Moore-Brabazon, J. (1)
Noel, Louis (116)
Ogilvie, A. (7)
Pashley, Cecil L. (106)
Pashley, E. C. (139)
Paterson, C. E. (38)
Paul, E. A. (Ae. C. F.)
Percival, N. S. (111)
Petre, H. A. (128)
Philpott, R. W. (81)
Pixton, H. (50)
Prentice, W. R. (67)
Radley, J. (12)
Rawlinson, A. (3)
Raynham, F. P. (85)
Roe, A. V. (18)
Salmet, H. (99)
Sassoon, E. V. (52)
Santoni, L.
Singer, A. M. (8) (Ae. C. F. 24)
Slack, R. B. (157)
Smith, S. E. (33)
Smith, W. W. (Ae. C. F.)
Spencer, H. (124)
Somers-Somerset (Ae. C. F. 151)
Sopwith, T. (31)
Stanley-Adams, H. (97)
Stark (Ae. C. F. 110)
Stocks, Mrs. C. de B. (153)
Thomas, J. H. (51)
Travers, J. L. (86)
Turner, C. C. (70)
Turner, L. W. F. (66)
Valentine, J. (47)
Watt, W. O. (112)
Weir, J. D. (24)
Weston, John (Ae. C. F.)
Wickham, R. F. (20)
Woodward, G. A. T. (A

_To end of_ ~1912.~

Barnwell, R. H. (278)
Beech, A. C. (Ae. C. F.)
Bendall, W. (180)
Bettington, A. V. (326)
Birch, E. (322)
Brock, W. L. (285)
Cheeseman, W. E. (293)
Featherstone, W. (384)
Fowler, F. H. (221)
Gates, R. T. (225)
Garne, T. (173)
Geere, A. E. (310)
Gill, R. W. R. (258)
Hall, H. W. (332)
Hall, J. L. (291)
Hardman, W. L. (323)
Harrison, W. J. (275)
Hawker, H. G. (297)
Hedley, W. S. (274)
Hewitt, V. (302)
Higginbotham, V. C. (317)
Holyoake, R. G. (268)
James, J. H. (315)
James, H. H. (344)
Kershaw, R. H. (248)
Lister, R. A. (250)
Nesham, H. P. (219)
Nevill, M. R. (223)
Manton, M. D. (231)
Meredith, C. W. (193)
Merriam, F. W. (179)
Parr, S. (184)
Payze, Arthur (337)
Potet, A. (224)
Prensiel, G. (198)
Simms, R. H. (261)
Stodart, Dr. D. E. (321)
Summerfield, S. (292)
Sutton, E. F. (295)
Sweetman-Powell, H. (251)
Taylor, V. P. (376)
Tremlett, L. A. (208)
Wood, V. G. (171)
Wynne, A. M. (314)
Wright, H. S. (331)
Yates, V. (306)

~1913~ (Brevets from 400 onward).

Andreas, F. G. (477)
Barron, J. C. (480)
Hodgson, W. P. (433)
Kehrmann, J. C. (420)
King, R. A. (482)
Lane, H. T. G. (418)
Lawford, E. H. (442)
Macandrew, H. E. W. (401)
Macneill, W. (Ae. C. F.)
McNamara, J. C. (445)
Minchin, F. R. (419)
Muller, P. M. (432)
Temple, G. L. (424)
Thompson, A. B. A. (452)
Tower, H. C. (466)
Rainey, T. H. (474)
Russell, A. L. (406)
Stewart, H. (473)
Strain, L. H. (476)

The following British aviators have been killed:

BRITISH AEROPLANES

~A~

AIRCRAFT FACTORY. Royal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough, near Aldershot. For a long time this establishment had been engaged in dirigible construction and repairs. In 1911 it was decided to expand it in connection with the Royal Flying Corps. Its precise functions are somewhat uncertain. Its nominal main purpose is the repair, etc., of Service Aircraft. During 1912, however, it turned out several machines to a design of its own, known as the _"B.E."_ This design was at one time regarded as confidential; but subsequently duplicates were built by private contractors, and the design illustrated below, published by the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.

~Length,~ 29-1/2 feet (9 m.)

~Span.~--36-3/4 feet (11.20 m.)

~Area.~--374 sq. feet (34-3/4 m squared.)

~Weight.~--

~Motor.~--75 h.p. Renault and others.

~Speed.~--

AERO'S Ltd. St. James' Street, Norwich Union Buildings, Piccadilly, London, S.W. Established 1912 for the sale of all parts and accessories; also for the sale of second hand aeroplanes and motors of all makes. Does not construct at present.

AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING Co., Ltd. 47, Victoria Street, London, S.W. Works: Hendon, London, N.W. This company established in 1912, holds all the British rights for the _H. & M. Farman_ types. It constructs in England all _Farman_ types at its own works. (See _Farman_, French).

AVRO. Aeroplanes. A. V. Roe & Co., Clifton Street, Miles Platting, Manchester; also Shoreham, Sussex. A. V. Roe designed his first machine, a biplane, in 1906. It was the first British machine to leave the ground. He then experimented with triplanes in Lea Marshes, where he managed to fly with only 9 h.p. in 1908-9. In August, 1910, built _Roe III_, and in September, _Roe IV_, also triplanes (see 1911 edition for full details). In 1911 he abandoned triplanes for the _Avro_ biplane. School: Shoreham.

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Jane's All the World's Aircraft. 1913Chapter III: Part C: deals with aero-engines. It is mainly remarkable--in comparison (1)

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