Chapter VIII: Part C: deals with aero-engines. It is mainly remarkable--in comparison (6)

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The following are army, navy or volunteer aviators. The number is the Russian Ae. C., unless otherwise stated. F = French. Prefix + = killed. n = navy.

Abramowitch Wissewold (14)
Agababa, N. (668 F.)
Agofonoff (20)
Aleknovitch, G. (29)
Alexandroff, D. (472 F.)
n Andreadi, Lt.
Artsgouloff (44)
Avinass, J. (60)
Badowski, L.
Bakhmoutoff, N. (6)
Berdchenko, V. (7)
Bistritsky, V. (8)
Boukshevden, Bar. G. (10)
Boutmy (de), E.
Campo, Scipio (211 F.)
Childovski (67)
Chioni, B. (250)
Chimansky (27)
Choudinoff (46)
Dmitrieff, J. (9)
Dorogouski (125 F.)
Dougowezky, A. (1)
n Dybovski, V. (12)
Efimoff, M. (31 F.)
Efimoff, T.
Erdeli, G. (45)
Eristov, Prince (524 F.)
Evsukoff, P. (21)
Firstemberg
Flegfier, von.
Gelgar (33)
Glouchenko, S. (48)
Godoulsky, A. (59)
Gorghkoff, G. (626 F.)
Goumberto-Dros, B. (58)
Grekoff G. (5.)
Grigoraschirilly (577 F.)
Houeninsey, A. (227 F.)
Husarenko (22)
Illin, A. (16)
Iougmeister (52)
Jankovsky, G. (24)
Joukoff (37)
Kaidenoff (42)
Kamensky, V. (66)
Katzian, A.
+ Kauzminski (228 F.)
Kebouroff, V. (210 F.)
Kirchstern
Kolchin, F. (28)
Komaroff, M. (245 F.)
Kostine, N. (223 F.)
Kauznezoff, P.
Kreiner, E.
Kroumm, A.
Lachtionoff, G. (57)
Lambert (de) C. (8 F.)
Lebedeff, V. (98 F.)
Lerche, M. (25)
Lewkowicz, H. (327 F.)
Linno, G. (15)
Lipowski, H. (330 F.)
Kokteff (61)
Makaroff, D. (13)
Makeef, P. (5)
Matyevitch, Matzevitch (152 F.)
n+Matyevitch, Capt. (178 F.)
Meybaum, T.
Miller (35)
Monakoff, (565 F.)
Naidenoff, G.
Naslennikoff, B.
Nikiforoff (18)
Nikolaieff (49)
Nikolsky, P. (17)
Oulianine, S. (181 F.)
Pehanovsky, B. (401 F.)
+ Pietrowsky, G. (195 F.)
Porcheron, J. (640 F.)
Popoff, N. (50 F.)
Poliakoff, A. (50)
Poplavko (34)
Pongolowski, W. (4)
Pristchepoff (38)
Raevsky, A. (F.)
Raygorodsky, A. (207 F.)
Rossinsky (68)
n Rouaroff, M. (245 F.)
Rynin, N. (23)
Sakoff, N. de (627 F.)
Salesky (41)
Samoilo (11)
Samouiloff, P. (51)
Semeniovitch (226 F.)
Semenko-Slavorossoff, H. (40)
Semitan (36)
Seversky-Prokofieff, N. (47)
Sewkowicz, L.
Shidloovsky, M.
Shimansky, K.
Shimkevitch, V.
Sikorsky, I. (63)
Skarginsky, A. (43)
Slusarenko, W.
+ Smith, V. (231 F.)
Sobansky Graf. (3)
Soechnikoff, A.
Soupnevsky, C. (26)
Springuefeld
Sredinsky, A.
Strelmkoff (71)
Tchemiakoff (72)
Tkatcheff, V. (64)
Tounochensky (32)
Tselary, I. (54)
Wassilieff, A. (225 F.)
Zaikine (191 F.)
Zelinsky, Col. (273 F.)
+ Zolotouchin, M. (31)

~CIVILIAN AVIATORS.~

There are very few purely civilian aviators in Russia. Russians who have obtained brevets include Mdlles Anarta (52), Golantchikova (55), Zvereva (30), Count de Lambert, (8 F.) and Count Malynski (209 F.) and one or two others. Few or none do any flying now.

RUSSIAN AEROPLANES.

~A-Z~

AVIATIK. St. Petersburger Aviatik Gesellschaft, Petersburg. Construct Aviatiks. (See Germany.)

BRONISLAWSKI. Experimental biplane with special stabilising features.

DUX. Fabrica Moscovita Tneerskaja "Dux," Lastawa, Moscow. Construct under license.

GELTOUCHOW. W. G. Geltouchow and A. W. Preiss, 4 Piasnitzkajai, Moscow. Constructs.

GILBERT. C. Gilbert, 195 Twerskaja, Moscow. Constructs.

KENNEDY. Soc. d. Dirigibles and Aeroplanes Kennedy, St. Petersburg.

MOTOR. Riga-Sassenhof.

RODJESTVEISKY. Built a triplane in 1911.

RUSSIAN MILITARY DIRIGIBLES (13).

-----------------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
| (1) | (2) | (3 & 4) | (5, 6, 7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13)
Name | ~LEBEDJ.~ | ~KOMMISSIONY.~ | ~JASTREB~ and | ~ZODIAC VII,~ | ~PARSEVAL.~ | ~FORSZMANN I.~ | ~FORSZMANN II.~ | ~ASTRA 13.~ | ~PARSEVAL 14.~ | ~C. BAYARD 6,~
| | | ~GOLOUBJ.~ | ~VIII & IX.~ | | | | | | _bis._
Make | Lebaudy. | C. Bayard I. | Outchebny I & II. | | Parseval 7. | Forszmann. | Forszmann. | | |
Date | ~1910.~ | ~1910.~ | ~1910-11.~ | ~1910-11.~ | ~1911.~ | ~1911.~ | ~1912.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~
System | Semi-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Semi-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Non-rigid. | Non-rigid.
-----------------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
~Volume~ c. feet (m cubed.)| ~3700~ | ~3000~ | ~1500~ | ~2140~ | ~7600~ | ~800~ | ~600~ | ~9800~ | ~10,000~ | ~6200~
~Length~ feet (m.)| 200 (61) | 184 (56.25) | ... | 164 (50) | 236 (72) | 121-1/2 (37) | ... | 259 (77.80) | 279 (85) | 250 (77.60)
~Diameter~ feet (m.)| 35-1/2 (10.80) | 34-3/4 (10.58) | ... | 29-1/2 (9) | 46 (14) | 19-3/4 (6) | ... | 49 (14.90) | 52-1/2 (16) | 42-3/4 (13)
{fabric | Continental | Continental | ... | Continental | Continental | ... | ... | Continental | Reidinger | Continental
~Gas Bags~{ballonets | 1 | 1 | ... | 1 | 2 | ... | ... | 2 (3100 m cubed.) | 2 | 2
{compartments| 3 | 2 | 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
~Lift~ {total tons | 4 | 3-3/4 | ... | 2 | 7 | 1/2 | 1/3 | ... | ... | 7-1/2
{useful tons | 1-1/4 | 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | nearly 4 | about 3-1/2 | 2-3/4
~Motor~ h.p.| 1-70 Panhard | 1-105 Clement B. | 1-75 E.N.V. | 1-60 Labor | 2-110 N.A.G. | 1-24 (=24) | ... | 2-150 Chenu | 2-180 Maybach | 2-130 Clement B.
| (=70) | (=105) | (=75) | (=60) | (=220) | | | (=300) | (=360) | (=260)
~Propellers~ number| 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | two 4-bladed | 1 | 1 | 3 | two 4-bladed | 2
~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| 30 (49) | 33-1/2 (54) | 13 (21) | 33-1/2 (54) | 37 (59) | 23 (37) | ... | 36 (60) | 43 (68) | ...
-----------------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
_Notes_ | _ex La Russie._ | _Jastreb_ reported | | | Carries 500 | | One-man | Carries 740 litres | | Special 2 speed
| | wrecked, March, | | | litres of petrol. | | dirigible. | petrol. Crew 6. | | gear to propellers.
| | 1913. | | | Has done 6-1/3 | | | Weights: | |
| | | | | hours at 1500 | | |Crew: 1044 lbs. | |
| | | | | metres, with 9 | | |Tools, &c. 220 " | |
| | | | | on board. | | |Petrol, oil, &c. | |
| | | | | | | | 7307 " | |
| | | | | | | | ---- | |
| | | | | | | | 8541 " | |
| | | | | | | | ---- | |
| | | | | | | |Forward propeller | |
| | | | | | | |6m. diameter; the | |
| | | | | | | |two after ones 3 m. | |
| | | | | | | | each. | |
-----------------------+------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------

Note.--Illustrations see next page.

Note.--The other dirigibles are of usual type. See France and Germany.

SERVIA.

~Military Aviation.~

At end of March, 1913, there were 7 aeroplanes, and 3 more (_Bleriots_) on order.

SPANISH.

~Aerial Societies:~--

El Real Aero Club de Espana (70 rue Alcala, Madrid).

La Asociacion de Locomocion Aerea (20 Plaza de Cataluna,
Barcelona).

Real Aero Club d'Espana.

Cataluna Ae. C.

~Aerial Journals:~--

_Boletin Oficial de la Asociacion de Locomocion Aerea_, 20, Plaza
de Cataluna, Barcelona (monthly).

_Espana Automovil_, 5, plaza de Isabel II, Madrid. Official organ,
Spanish R. Ae. C.

_Revista de Locomotion Aerea_, 20, Plaza de Cataluna, Barcelona
(monthly).

~Flying Grounds:~--

~Carbouchelle~ Military School.

~Army Aeroplanes.~

There are 9 old _Farmans_ (1910-11 model), and one or two more modern monoplanes: but little is doing.

Some hydro-aeroplanes are on order for the Navy.

~AVIATORS.~

Military.

Adaro, Lt. J.
Alfaro, Lt. H.
Arridaga, Capt.
Berron, Lt. E.
Echevarria, J.
Gonzales, Capt. C. J.
Granche
Kindelan, Capt. A.
Menendez, M.
Ortiz, So. Lt. J.
Penas, M. de las
Pujo, Capt. (467 F)

Private.

Campano
Dras, J. F.
Jezzi, R. G. L. (British Ae. C. 44)[F]
Lailhacar, de
Pascal, Ferdinand
Pimentel, B. L.
Prince Alphonse d'Orleans (1)

The following Spanish aviators have been killed:--

+---------------+
| 1909. |
| Fernandez, A. |
| |
| 1911. |
| Pola, M. |
| Mauvais |
| |
| 1912. |
| Bayo, Capt. |
+---------------+

~Military Dirigible Pilots.~

Herrera, Lt. E.
Kindelan y Duany, Capt. A.
Vives y Vich, Col.

SPANISH DIRIGIBLES (Non-rigid).

ESPANA. Military. (ASTRA class.)

~Maximum length~, 197 feet (60 m.) ~maximum diameter~, 35-1/3 feet (10.75 m.) ~volume,~ 43,057 c. feet4,000 m cubed.

~Total lift.~--9,700 lbs. (4,400 kgs.) ~Useful lift~, ? lbs. ( ? kgs.)

~Gas bags.~--Yellow coloured rubber proofed Continental fabric.

~Motor.~--One 100 h.p. 4-cylinder Panhard.

~Speed.~--29 m.p.h.

~Propellers.~--1, at the front end of the car, of wood, "Integrale" type.

~Steering.~--As in _Clement Bayard I_ and _Ville de Nancy_.

Remarks.--The two side stabilising shapes are duplicated, as they are in the _Ville de Paris_. A webbing stretched on steel tubes is introduced between the inner edges of the 4 main stabilising shapes to provide extra stabilising surface.

TORRES-QUEVEDO II. Military.

+------------------+
| |
| |
+------------------+

~Maximum length~, 147-3/4 feet (45 m.) ~maximum diameter~, 32-3/4 feet (10 m.) ~volume,~ 56,700 c. feet (1,600 m cubed.)

~Total lift.~-- ? lbs. ( ? kgs.) ~Useful lift~, ? lbs. ( ? kgs.)

~Gas bags.~--

~Motor.~--60 h.p. Chenu.

~Speed.~--

~Propellers.~--

~Steering.~--

Remarks.--Designed by Captain Kindelan and Engineer Torres Quevedo.

SWEDISH.

~(Revised by Lieut. DAHLBECK, R. Swedish Navy.)~

~Aerial Societies:~--

Svenska Aeronautiska Saellskapet (Stockholm).

Kungl. Automobil klubben: (Fenixpalatset, Stockholm).

Svenska Motor-klubben: Aero sektion (Stockholm).

~Aerial Journals:~--

_Svensk Motor-Tidning_ (Fenixpalatset, Stockholm) Fortnightly.

~Flying Grounds:~--

~Ljungbyhed~ (Skane), sheds.

~Malmsl[~a]tt~, sheds.

~Military Aeroplanes.~

At the end of March, 1913, the Army possessed 1 monoplane, 1 biplane, and 2 biplanes building.

The Navy had 1 _Bleriot_ type monoplane and 3 building.

At the end of 1912 there were 9 privately owned aeroplanes.

~AVIATORS.~

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. Swedish pilot certificate.)

Military.

von Porat, Lieut. (6)
Ljungner, Lieut. (7)
Hamilton, Capt. (2)

Naval.

Dahlbeck, Lieut. (3) (British Ae. C. 120)
Werner, Lieut. (9)

Private.

Cedarstr[~o]m, Baron C. (1)
Fj[~a]llb[~a]ck (4)
Angstr[~o]m (5)
Sundstedt (8)
Thulin, M.A. (10)

SWEDISH AEROPLANES.

ASK. Monoplane.

NYROP. Naval Monoplane.

DAHLBECK.

SWISS.

(By our special Swiss editor.)

~Aerial Societies:~--

Aero Club Suisse (3, Hirschengraben, Berne). Sec.: F. Filliot.

a Ostschweizerischer V. fuer L. (Zuerich).

b Sektion Mittelschwerz (Bern).

c Sektion Westschweiz (Romande) (Lausanne).

d Club Suisse d'Aviation (Geneva).

Club Genevois d'Aviation (Geneva). Sec.: P. Brasier.

Fluegsport Klub (Rorschach). Sec.: A. Zuern.

~Aerial Journals:~--

_Bulletin de l'Aero Club Suisse_ (Berne). Monthly.

_La Suisse Sportive_ (16, Rue de Hesse, Geneva). Weekly.

_Sport_ (35, Boulevard Exterieur, Berne).

_Automobil Revue_ (Berne). Weekly.

_Le Sport Suisse_ (Geneva). Weekly.

_L'Auto Sport_ (Geneva). Weekly.

_A.C.S._ (Swiss Aut. Clubs) (Geneva). Fortnightly.

_Das Illustrierte Programm_ (Zurich). Fortnightly.

_Revue Weinfelden._ Monthly.

~Flying Grounds:~--

~Avenches.~

~Collex-Versoix.~ (Club Suisse d'Aviation).

~Lucerne.~--60 acre park. Sheds.

~Petit Lancy.~ Geneva (Geneva Club).

~Duebendorf bei Zurich.~

~Dirigible Station~ (with hangars):--

~Lucerne.~

~Army Aeroplanes.~

At the end of March, 1913, there were no army aeroplanes, a _Farman_ bought in 1911 having ceased to exist.

~Private Aeroplanes.~

Total at end of ~1910~ _about_ 10
" ~1911~ " 15

At the end of March, 1913, there were about ~15~ privately owned aeroplanes.

~AVIATORS.~

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. Suisse pilot certificate number.) + = killed.

Military.

Real, Lieut. T. (4)
+ Schmidt, Capt. J.

Private.

Audemars, E. (7)
Bianchi, P. (6)
Bider, O. (32)
+ Blane, M. (17)
Bucher, M. (11)
Burkard, H. (20)
Burri, E. (24)
Casser, E. (28)
+ Cobioni, E. (15)
Domenjoz, J. (10)
Durafour, F. (3)
Failloubaz, E. (1)
Grandjean, R. (2l)
Gsell, R. (12)
+ Hoesli, G. (25)
Hug, M. (18)
Ingold, K. E. (35)
Jucker, A. (13)
Kramer, H. (31)
Mallei, A. (23)
Parmelin, A. (22)
+ Primavesi, E. (34)
Rech, E. (29)
Rettig, J. J. (27)
Reynold, M. (19)
Ruchonnet, E. (5)
Rupp, A. (9)
Salvioni, C. (16)
+ Schmid, H. (14)
Schumacher, J. (26)
Taddoli, E. (2)
Trepp, M. (30)
Wyss P. A. (8)
Zuest, B. (33)

SWISS AEROPLANES.

-----------------------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| ~GRANDJEAN.~ | ~TADDEOLI.~ | ~WETTERWALD.~ |
Model and date. | Hydro-monoplane. | Monoplane. | Monoplane. |
| ~1911-12.~ | ~1911-12.~ | ~1912.~ |
-----------------------------+------------------ +-----------------+------------------+
~Length~ feet (m.)| 33 (10) | 19-3/4 (6) | 24-1/2 (7.50) |
~Span~ feet (m.)| 33 (10) | 29-1/2 (9) | 33 (10) |
~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 191 (18) | 151 (14) | 215 (20) |
{ total lbs. (kgs.)| 750 (340) | 880 (400) | 705 (320) |
~Weight~ { | | | |
{useful, lbs. (kgs.)| 310 (140) | 330 (150) | ... |
~Motor~ h.p.| 50 Oerlikon | 50 Gnome | 40 E.N.V. |
{max. m.p.h. (km.)| 62 (100) | 69 (110) | ... |
~Speed~ { | | | |
{min. m.p.h. (km.)| 56 (90) | ... | ... |
Number built during 1912 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
-----------------------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+

TURKISH.

~Army Aeroplanes.~

There is a military aerodrome at S. Stefano, with Amerigo, Renzel and Thanlau as instructors.

In March, 1913, there were about 12 monoplanes (_Harlans & Reps_), and one or two biplanes. Only one seems actually to have been used. Several other aeroplanes were captured during the war--generally in their packing cases unopened. In April, 50 machines were reported ordered in Germany.

~AVIATORS.~

Military.

Fessa, Bey (780, F.)
Kienan, Lt. (797, F.)
Nouri, Lt.
Ratzian
Refik, Capt.
Sismanoglou, J.

URUGUAY.

~Aeroplanes in the country.~

_None._

~AVIATOR:~ Cameo, M. Garcia

U.S.A.

(Edited by E. L. JONES, Editor of "Aeronautics," U.S.A.)

~General Note.~--In the early nineties, Professor Langley and the Bros. Wright were experimenting with heavier-than-air machines, but general interest in the subject is quite recent. Though some small dirigibles exist, American attention is mainly devoted to aeroplanes. Ballooning was quite the thing in 1907-11, but has languished.

It is stated that there are certainly no less than _two thousand_ people in the U. S. A. who have built flying machines. The greater percentage of these have been home-made copies of standard machines. Individual builders of copies and freaks have diminished greatly in numbers, and there remains a few well-established manufacturers.

Although inventors are still prolific in the Patent Office and clubs numerous, the general public takes very slight intelligent interest in aviation. The majority of clubs are inactive.

In the year 1912 commercial development seemed to have great possibilities. The copyists were being weeded out and competent aeronautical constructors financed by adequate means began operations on systematic business lines. The latter half of the year saw a great slump. In the spring of 1913 prospects looked greatly improved, and there was generally increased activity.

~Aerial Journals:~--

~Aeronautics.~--122, East 25th Street, New York. Monthly.

~Aircraft.~--37, East 28th Street, New York. Monthly.

~Fly.~--1701, Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pa. Monthly.

~Aero.~--Chicago, Ills. Weekly.

~Flying Grounds:~--

~Belmont Park, N.Y.~--Old race track. Not very good. Scene of 1910
meet. 30 sheds occupied by few experimenters.

~Dayton.~--_Wright_ school private field.

~Chicago, Ills.~--Two fine fields.

~Fort Myer, Va.~--Government and private sheds.

~Hammondsport, N.Y.~--_Curtiss_ factory. Field (small) and lake for
water planes.

~Los Angeles, Calif.~--Several fields in vicinity. Used for _Eaton_
school and private flyers.

~Marblehead, Mass.~--Poor field. Home of Burgess C. Fine for
hydro-aeroplanes.

~Mineola, N.Y.~--_Moisant, Sloane_ and another school, and
individuals. About 1 by 10 miles level field, without obstructions.

~Oakwood Heights, Staten I., N.Y.~--The Aeronautical Soc. grounds,
on bay for use of hydro-aeroplanes.

~San Diego, Calif.~--Winter quarters _Curtiss_ camp; also used by
army flyers.

~San Francisco~ (near).--Good.

~St. Louis, Mo.~--Kinloch Park. _Benoist_ school and private
owners.

~U. S. A. AERO CLUBS.~

An attempt has been made here to give the name of every aero club that has been formed recently in the United States, or has been in existence for a long time. It is believed this list covers every club in the United States.

Many of these clubs are nothing but a name. They were formed to conduct meets or exhibitions, given by the various aeroplane concerns engaged in this business. Many clubs are not incorporated. Others have no organisation, being run by principals of boys' schools or classes.

Clubs even affiliated with the Aero Club of America have no members' meetings, nor have they in many cases even meeting rooms. There are but a half-dozen live aero clubs worthy the name in America. Three clubs own balloons, which are rented to members for ascensions. Little attempt is made by more than one or two associations to popularise aeronautics, to encourage experimenters, or to indulge in scientific work.

The Aero Club of America, the Aeronautical Society and Aero Club of Illinois, are the principal organisations. The Ae. C. represents the F.A.I., and has a beautiful club house. The Aeronautical Society has rooms in the United Engineering Building, conducts well-attended lectures twice a month, and has grounds on Straten Island (for hydro-aeroplanes and aeroplanes).

Clubs affiliated with the Ae. C. of America are marked *

~CALIFORNIA.~

New Orleans Aero Club, Wm. Allen, Sec., New Orleans

*Aero Club of California, Prof. H. La V. Twining, Pres., 1308
Calumet St. Los Angeles.

*Pacific Aero Club, Pacific Buildings, 331 Octavia Street, San
Francisco

Postal Aero Club, 305 W. Santa Clara Street, San Jose

University of California Aero Club, T. W. Veitch, Sec., Berkeley

Oakland Aero Club, Oakland

*Aero Club of Colorado, 36 West Colfax Avenue, Denver, Col.

Aero Club of Blackstonehill, Oakland, Calif, c/o W. R. Davis, Jr.,
474 Prospect Street

Curtiss Amateur Aviation Club, Harold Scott, Secretary, Los Angeles

Santa Clara Valley Aero Club, Chamber of Commerce, San Jose

Aero Club of San Diego, San Diego, Colonel C. C. Collier, Pres.

Aero Club of Pasedena, W. J. Hogan, Pres., 635 Chamber of Commerce,
Box 1054

~CONNECTICUT.~

*Aero Club of Connecticut, Pres., A. Holland Forbes, at Fairfield

Yale University Aero Club, New Haven

Aero Club of Hartford, Hiram Percy Maxim, Pres., Hartford

~CUBA.~

*Aero Club de Cuba, Ignario 5, Havana

~DELAWARE.~

Aero Club of Delaware, Wilmington

~DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.~

Washington Aero Scientific Club, F. L. Rice, Sec., c/o Y.M.C.A.,
Washington

*Aero Club of Washington, Dr. Albert F. Zahm, Sec., Cosmos Club,
Washington

~FLORIDA.~

Aeronautic Society of Florida, Davenport and Kerrison, Secs., 2014
Main Street, Jacksonville

~ILLINOIS.~

*Aero Club of Illinois, F. McCormick, Pres., 240 Michigan Avenue,
Chicago

Aeroplane and Kite Club, E. E. Harbert, Pres., 2852 N. Clark
Street, Chicago

University of Chicago Aero Club, Chicago

*Aircraft Club of Peoria, c/o Leslie Lord, 505 E. Armstrong Street,
Peoria

Aeronautical Society of the University of Illinois, Urbana, R.
Watts, Sec., 507 E. John Street, Champaigne

~INDIANA.~

Purdue Aero Club, Purdue University, Lafayette

South Bend Aero Club, South Bend.

*Aero Club of Indiana, Indianapolis

~KANSAS.~

Aero Club of Topeka, Topeka

*Western Aero Association, E. S. Cole, Sec., Topeka

Kansas State Aero Club, C. H. Lyons, Sec., Overland Park

~KENTUCKY.~

Continental Aero Club, Richmond

~LOUISIANA.~

Southern Aero Club, 809 Canal Street, New Orleans

New Orleans Aero Club, Wm. Allen, Sec., New Orleans

~MARYLAND.~

*Aero Club of Baltimore, Col. Jerome H. Joyce, Pres., Baltimore

~MASSACHUSETTS.~

Aero Club of North Adams, North Adams

*Aero Club of New England, A. R. Shrigley, Sec., 26 Trement St.,
Boston

Amherst Aero Club, Amherst

*Pittsfield Aero Club, L. J. Minahan, Pres., Pittsfield

Springfield Aero Club, c/o Charles T. Shean, Pres., 3 John Street,
Springfield

Tufts College Aero Club, Tufts College

*Harvard Aeronautical Society, Prof. A. Lawrence Rotch, Pres., Blue
Hill Observatory

Mass. Inst. of Technology Aero Club, John S. Selfridgem, Sec.,
Inst. of Technology, Boston

Dartmouth Aero Club, Richard F. Paul, Sec., Dartmouth

First Assn. of Licensed Pilots, Chas. J. Glidden, Pres., Hotel
Somerset, Boston

Williams Aeronautical Society, Williams College, Robert O. Starret,
Sec., Williamstown

~MICHIGAN.~

*Aero Club of Michigan, C. B. du Charme, Sec., Detroit

University of Michigan Aero Club, Ann Arbor

~MINNESOTA.~

Minneapolis Junior Aero Club, Stillman Chase, Sec., 3047 5th
Avenue, S., Minneapolis

St. Louis Experimental Ass'n., 5346 Zealand Street, St. Louis

*Kansas City Aero Club, George M. Myers, Pres., Convention Hall,
Kansas City

~MISSOURI.~

*Aero Club of St. Louis, 1429 Pine Street, St. Louis

~MONTANA.~

Aero Club of St. Charles College, Helena

~NEBRASKA.~

Aero Club of Nebraska, Col. Wm. H. Glassford, Pres., Fort Omaha

Junior Aero Club or the Y.M.C.A., c/o Y.M.C.A., Omaha

Lincoln Aero Club, Lincoln, c/o G. R. Brownfield, 1234 "O" Street

Aviation Club of Nebraska, Arthur Frenzer, Sec., 2778 California
Street, Omaha

~NEW JERSEY.~

Princeton University Aero Club, Princeton

Aeronautic Society of New Jersey, c/o N.J. Automobile & Motor Club,
Broad Street, Newark

Aero Club of New Jersey, c/o James K. Duffy, Sec., 315 Madison
Avenue, New York

New Jersey Aeronautical League, W. A. Kraus, Sec., Guttenberg

Aero and Motor Club, Asbury Park

Atlantic City Aero Club, Col. Walter E. Edge, Sec., Atlantic City

Model School Aero Club, Trenton, R. G. Teavitt, Sec.

Trenton Aero Club, James Fenton, Sec., Trenton

~NEW YORK.~

*Aero Club of America, 297 Madison Avenue, Chas. Walsh, Sec.

The Aeronautical Society, 250 W. 54th Street, Arnold Kruckman, Gen.
Sec.

Aeronautic Alumni Ass'n., c/o West Side Y.M.C.A., West 57th Street

New York Model Aero Club, Adrien Lacroix, Sec., 141 Lexington
Avenue

National Model Aero Club, c/o A. Leo Stevens, 282 9th Avenue

Stuyvesant Aeronautic Society, 345 East 15th Street, Percey W.
Pierce, Sec.

Columbia Aero Club, Columbia University, 116th Street

Dewitt Clinton High School Aero Club, 58th Street and 10th Avenue

*Aero Club of Buffalo, Lafayette Hotel, Buffalo, N.Y.

Thousand Islands Aero Club, c/o Dr. J. M. Gibbons, 168 Montague
Street, Ithaca

Aeronautic Section, Technology Club, Syracuse

Boys' High School Aero Club, Henry St. Pieless, Sec., 815 Avenue,
J., Brooklyn

*Rochester Aero Club, c/o L. J. Seely, 10 Culver Road, Rochester

Aero Club of the Y.M.C.A., Harold C. Carpenter, Pres., White Plains

Aero Club, Haliano, U.S.A., 135, West 12th Street, N.Y. Seventy-two
members. C. Chiantelli, Sec.

Junior Aero Club, c/o A. E. Horn, Public School, 77 Park Avenue and
84th Street

Aero Club of Long Island, c/o Hohn H. Lisle, Alen Cove

Commerce Aero Club, 65 West 117th Street

*Aero Club of New York, Garden City.

Mechanics Aeronautical Ass'n., c/o H. H. Simms, 304 Cutler
Building, Rochester

Aeronautical Research Club of the Y.M.C.A., H. C. Myers, Sec.,
Buffalo

Aero Club Italiano, Saverio A. Mascia, 403 Park Avenue

Aeronautical Society of Women, Miss Dorothy E. Ball, Sec., 250 West
54th Street

~OHIO.~

*Aero Club of Ohio, Canton

*Aero Club of Dayton, Dayton

International Aeroplane Club, Dayton

Cleveland Aero Club, C. J. Forbes, Sec., Hollanden Hotel, Cleveland

*Aero Club of Cincinnati, c/o P. L. Mitchell, Traction Buildings,
Cincinnati

~OREGON.~

Portland Aero Club, E. Henry Wemme, Pres., Portland

~PENNSYLVANIA.~

Aviation Section, Professional Chauffeurs Ass'n. of America, 1933
Spring Gardens, Phil.

*Aero Club of Pennsylvania, Rev. Geo. S. Gassner, Sec., Betz
Buildings, Phil.

Ben Franklin Aeronautical Ass'n., c/o Dr. T. Chalmers Fulton, 6th
and Diamond Street, Phil.

Philadelphia Aeronautical Recreation Society, Dr. Thos. E.
Eldridge, Pres., 1639 N. Broad Street, Phil.

Haverford College Aero Club, Haverford, Pa.

Swartmore College Aero Club, Swartmore, Pa.

Univ. of Penn. Aero Club, Univ. of Penn., Phil., Pa.

Aero Club of Carnegie, Tech. Schools, Pittsburg, Pa.

Intercollegiate Aeronautical Ass'n., Geo. A. Richardson, Pres.,
Univ. of Penn., Phil.

Pittsburg Aero Club, H. P. Haas, Sec., Magel Buildings, Pittsburg,
Pa.

~RHODE ISLAND.~

Pawtucket Aero Club, Pawtucket

Rhode Island Aeronautical Society, Providence, John J. Long, Sec.,
c/o Brown University

~TENNESSE.~

Nashville Aero Club, Nashville, E. Fisher Coles, Sec.

~TEXAS.~

Dallas Aero Club, c/o Chamber of Commerce

San Antonio Aero Club, c/o Dr. Fred J. Fielding, 423 Hick's
Buildings, San Antonio

South Western Aero Club, P.O. Box 821, Fort Worth

Texas Junior Aeronautical Ass'n., Hugh Dumas, Pres., Fort Worth

~UTAH.~

Aero Club of Utah, c/o L. R. Culver, 11 Eagle Block, Salt Lake City

Salt Lake City Aero Club, c/o Mr. Campbell, Walker Bank Buildings,
Salt Lake City

~VERMONT.~

Aero Club of Vermont, Chas. T. Fairfield, Pres., c/o Rutland News,
Rutland

~VIRGINIA.~

University of Virginia Aero Club, Stanford Swin, Sec., University
of Virginia

Virginia-Tennesse Aero Club, Bristol, Va-Tenn, C. W. Morey, Sec.

~WASHINGTON.~

Aero Club of Washington, 415 Union Trust Buildings, Washington,
D.C.

Aero Club of Seattle, c/o M. Robert Guggenheim, 511 Lonan
Buildings, Seattle

Walla Walla Aero Club, Walla Walla

~WISCONSIN.~

*Milwaukee Aero Club, Milwaukee, c/o Major Henry B. Hersey, Chief
of the Weather Bureau, Milwaukee

Milwaukee Aeronautic Society, Pres., Sherman Brown, Manager of
Davidson Theatre, Milwaukee

~U.S.A. MILITARY AVIATION.~

~U. S. ARMY AEROPLANE SPECIFICATIONS. (1912).~

~SPEED SCOUT MILITARY AEROPLANE.~

(1) Carry one person with the seat located to permit of the largest
possible field of observation. (2) Ascend at the rate of 1500 feet
in three minutes, while carrying fuel for one hour's flight. (3)
Carry fuel for a three hours' flight. (4) Must be easily
transportable by road, rail, etc., and easily and rapidly assembled
and adjusted. (5) The starting and landing devices must be part of
the machine itself, and it must be able to start without outside
assistance. (6) The engine must be capable of throttling. (7) The
engine will be subject to endurance test in the air of two hours'
continuous flight. (8) Speed in the air of at least 65 miles an
hour. (9) Capable of landing on and arising from ploughed fields.
(10) The supporting surfaces must be of sufficient size to insure
safe gliding in case the engine stops. (11) The efficiency and
reliability of the system of control must have been demonstrated
before the purchase order is placed. The aeroplane must be capable
of executing a figure eight within a rectangle 500 yards by 250
yards, and without decreasing its altitude more than 100 feet at
the completion of the figure eight. This test to be made by aviator
alone without carrying extra weight. (12) The extreme width of the
aeroplane supporting surfaces must not exceed 40 feet.

~SCOUT MILITARY AEROPLANE.~

(1) The aeroplane must carry two persons with seats located to
permit of the largest possible field of observation for both. (2)
The control must be capable of use by either operator from either
seat. (3) The machine must be able to ascend at least 2000 feet in
ten minutes while carrying a weight of 600 lbs. including the
aviator and passenger, 150 lbs. of gasoline, and extra weight to
make 600 lbs. All of the extra weight must be carried on the engine
section and not distributed over the wings. (4) The fuel and oil
capacity must be sufficient for at least four hours continuous
flight. This will be determined by a trial flight of at least one
half-hour, measuring the consumption of gasoline while carrying the
passenger and weight stated in paragraph 3. (5) Same as No. 4
above. (6) Same as No. 5 above. (7) The engine must be of American
manufacture and capable of throttling to run at reduced speed. (8)
Same as No. 7 above. This test will be made with aviator and
passenger, extra weight and fuel enumerated in paragraphs 3 and 4.
(9) The aeroplane must develop a speed in the air of at least forty
miles an hour. This test will be made with aviator and passenger,
extra weight and fuel enumerated in paragraphs 3 and 4. The maximum
speed must not exceed sixty-five miles per hour. (10) Same as No. 9
above. This test will be made with aviator, passenger, extra weight
and fuel enumerated in paragraphs 3 and 4. (11) Same as No. 10
above. (12) Same as No. 11 above. (13) Same as No. 12 above.

In ~1913~ additional requirements specified enclosed body, bullet-proof armour, .75 chrome steel, for engine and aviator, provision of necessary instruments and wireless, with, as desirable features, silencer and cut-out, self-starter and an efficient stabilising device.

At end of March, 1913, the effective Army aeroplanes consisted of three 50 h.p. _Wrights_, one _Wright-Burgess_, several old machines.

The Navy had two _Wright-Burgess_ hydros and a few nondescripts. A _Burgess_ flying boat since added.

The estimate for Army effectives at end of the present year (1913) is 21 (5 _Burgess_, 6 _Curtiss_, 10 _Wright_).

~AVIATORS.~

(The numbers after any name is the number of the U. S. Aero Club certificate.)

Army.

Arnold, Lieut. H. H. (29)
Beck, P. Capt. (39)
Brereton, Lt. L. H. (211)
Burge, Corp. V. S. (154)
Chandler, C. de F. Capt. (59)
Foulois, Lieut. (140)
Geiger, Lieut. H. (166)
Goodier, Lt. L. E. (200)
Graham, Lieut. H. (152)
Hennessy, Capt. F. B. (153)
Humphreys, Lieut.
Kirtland, Lieut. R.C. (45)
Lahm, Lieut. F. P. (2)
Love, Lieut. M. L. (155)
McClaskey, Lieut. J. W. (90)
McKay, Capt. G. W. (67)
McLeary, Lieut. S. H. (210)
McManus, Lieut.
Milling, Lieut. (30)
Rodgers, J. Lieut. (48)
Sherman, Lieut. W. C. (151)
Winder, Lieut.-Col. C.B. (130)

Navy.

Herbster, Ens. (103)
Ellyson, Lieut. T. G. (28)
Rodgers, John, Lieut.
Towers, Lieut. J. H. (62)

~U.S.A. PRIVATE AVIATORS (to end of 1911).~

(The number against any name is, unless otherwise stated, the Ae. C. America pilot certificate number. Only a few American aviators have bothered to obtain the Ae. Certificate. America produces a large number of aviators who fly for pleasure or exhibitions only and have not gone into competitions under International Rules. These consequently do not bother about certificates; but most of those recorded could easily obtain them, if they cared to try.)

Adams, Clarence
Adams, A. S. (215)
Alvarez, F.
Ambrose, Charles
Andrews, Thornwell
Apto, H. J.
Arndt, Edw. F.
Atwater, Mrs. L. J.
Atwater, W. B. (98)
Atwood, H. N. (33)
Baker, G. H.
Baldwin, Ivy
Baldwin, Capt. T. S. (7)
Barnett, A. E.
Barton, Sam
Bates, M. F. (66)
Beachey, Hillery (89)
Beachey, Lincoln (27)
Beatty, G. W. (41)
Beckly, Wm. A.
Beers, W. C. (40)
Benoist, T. W.
Bergdoll, Louis, J.
Betton, Kaid
Bishop, Cortland
Bleakley, W. H.
Boandette, A. B.
Bonner, G. T.
Bonette, C. C.
Bonney, L. W. (47)
Brackett, A. J.
Brewer, Roy
Brindley, O. A. (46)
Brinker, H. S.
Brodie, O. W. (135)
Brookins, W. R. (19)
Brown, H. H. (58)
Bumbaugh, Capt. G. L.
Burgess, W. Starling (136)
Burligh, Chas.
Bush, J. F.
Butler, P. J.
Callon, J. L. (102)
Champion, Frank (86)
Christmas, Wm.
Cannon, Jack
Cline, W. F.
Coffyn, F. C. (26)
Cole, R.
Coleman, R. F.
Cook, W. B. (95)
Cooke, Henry C.
Cooke, F. G. (26)
Cooper, John D. (60)
Costello, A. B.
Coutourier, C. (79)
Crewelson, W. H.
Cross, Redmond W. (35)
Crosby, R. W.
Cummings, J. A.
Curtiss, Glenn H. (1) & (Ae. C. F. 1)
Curzon, J. W.
DeGiers, C.
De Hart, D. C.
De Kor, F. (72)
Dennis, D. L.
Dixon, S. D.
Dougherty, E. S. (87)
Doyle, H.
Drew, A. (50)
Drexel, J. A. (8)
Durgan, W. E.
Dyott, G. M.
Eaton, Warren
Ecot, Robert G.
Eells, Fred.
Elton, Albert (75)
Engel, A. J.
Erickson, Louis, G.
Eshoo, D.
Evans, W.
Ey, G.
Fish, Farnam (85)
Fortney, Lewis
Fowler, R. G.
Freeman, A. (84)
Fuchs, Joseph
Funk, T. B.
Gallaudet, E. F. (32)
Games, A. B.
Gantz, Saxe P.
Gardener, Hubbard G.
Garner, R. W.
Gaskell, Bud
Gratz, H. F.
Gray, George
Green, William, Dr.
Gregory, Donald
Greider, C.
Greider, J.
Gressier, Romaine
Guey, Fung Joe
Hadley, C. O.
Hall,
Hamilton, C. K. (12)
Hamilton, J. W.
Hamilton, Thos. W.
Hammond, Lee (34)
Harper
Harkness, H. S. (16)
Harmon, C. B. (6)
Hartman, A.
Haupt, Willie
Havens, Beckwith (127)
Hendrian, A.
Henning, J. C.
Henningsen, Fred
Heth, Eugene
Henry, R. St.
Hilliard, W. M. (Brit. Ae. C. 102)
Hills, H. V.
Hofer, W.
Hoff, Wm. H. (91)
Hoflake, Charles
Holden, J. J.
Holt, L. E. (63)
Hoover, Fred. (100)
Hoover, H. H.
Huddleston, E. D.
James, Stanley
Janicke, W.
Jannus, Anthony (80)
Jennings, J. C.
Jerwan, S. S. (54)
Johnson, Frank H.
Johnson, Walter E. (164)
Jumel, August
Kantner, H. (65)
Kellrey, H.
Kemmerle, Horace
Kennedy, F. M. (97)
Kiley, J. E.
Kimball, Wilbur R.
Klein, H. H.
Klockles, J. G.
Korn, Edward
Krasting, Theodore
La Chapelle, Duval
Lambert, A. B. (61)
Lambreath, C. E.
Lapadat, N.
Laser, G. F.
Le Van, Howard
Lewis, S. C. (92)
Lewkowicz, Ladis
Lidstone, Ed. S.
Lillie, M. T. (73)
Lockwood, Chas.
Longfellow, H. W.
Loose, Geo. H.
Lougheed, A.
Longo, T.
Ludwig, Vandy
Maier
Manners, George
Mars, J. C. (11)
Martin, J. B.
Martin, G. L. (56)
Martin, J. V.
Massar, A. M.
Masson
Matalach, S. H.
Mattingley, O. A.
Maynard, Arthur
Mayo, Albert (99)
McCally, J. B. (94)
McCarty, James
McClellam
McCollum, W. C.
McCurdy, J. A. D. (18)
McGoey, Thomas
McNamara, Geo. E.
McManus, L.
McMahon, A. J.
Medrick, F. H.
Meyerhoffer, Orvar
Miller, Clinton R.
Moisant, Miss M. E. (44)
Morok, Chas. B.
Mourfield, Carl
Murias, De E. F. (38)
Murphy, T.
Murphy, Wm.
Neidmiller, Ed.
Nelson, N. B.
Nelson, Nels. T.
Ovington, E. L.
Page, P. W. (68)
Paine, N. B.
Paridon, Michael
Park, Henry
Paulding, Dwight
Paulhan, L. (3)
Pfiel, P.
Post, Augustus
Powers, H. W.
Prince, Norman (55)
Prentice,
Prospect, Louis
Prowse, C. O.
Raiche, Mrs. F.
Ragot, Louis
Reichert, H. D. W. (82)
Remington, Earle
Reynolds, Dr. Percy, L.
Richter, J. (81)
Riggs, E.
Roat, Arthur R.
Robinson, H. (42)
Roehrig, B. F.
Rowe, F. E.
Russell, Geo.
Sackett, Harry
Sands, H. Hayden (Ae. C. F. 70)
Schafer, G. E.
Schmidt, G. S.
Schneider, Fred, P.
Schulz, G. C.
Schwartz, A.
Schwister, John
Scott, Miss B.
Seeman, J. R.
Seignor, H. A.
Seligman, J. (64)
Seymour, Joseph
Sellers, M. B.
Shelton, T.
Sherwood, Oliver, B.
Shneider, Fred.
Shoemaker, Chas. W. (93)
Sill, F.
Simmonds, O. G. (145)
Skinner, S. R.
Slaik, E.
Slavin, J. J.
Smith, A.
Smith, Kyle
Smith, R. M.
Sommerville, W. E.
Soreusen, Prof.
Sparling, J. N.
Steitz, F. M. (88)
Stewart, J. G.
Stone, A. (Ae. C. F. 15)
Summer, Gill.
Suppe,
Talmage, M. P.
Takisow,
Tarbox, J.
Thomas, W. T.
Thomas, O. W.
Thompson, George
Tickell, Sam
Timothy, S. R.
Troxey
Turpin, J. C. (22)
Tuttle, T. T.
Vanderbilt, W. K.
Vaughan, Stanley
Vogt, Jesse S.
Walden, Dr. H. W. (74)
Walker, Clarence
Ward, J. J. (52)
Warner, A. P.
Webster, C. L. (69)
Weeks, F. W.
Wells, G.
Wetzig, H. H.
Weymann, Charles (14)
Wilcox
Wildman, Dock
Willard, C. F. (10)
Williams, Beryl (71)
Williams, B. J.
Willoughby, Capt. Hugh L.
Wilson, Edward
Wiseman, Fred. E.
Witmer, C. C. (53)
Worden, John H. (76)
Wright, Orville (4) (Ae. C. F. 14)
Wright, Wilbur (5) (Ae. C. F. 15)
Young, C. M.
Yan, J.

The following American aviators have been killed:--

~U.S.A. PRIVATE AVIATORS. (Brevets, 1912.)~

Aldasoro, J. P. (217)
Aldasaro, E. A. (218)
Andrews, W. D. (124)
Arnold, G. (198)
Barlow, F. E. (139)
Beckwith, S. F. (137)
Beech, A. C. (168)
Belcher, O. T. (158)
Bell, Dr. F. J. (196)
Bell, G. E. (201)
Bergdoll, G. C. (169)
Berlin, C. A. (109)
Bleakley, W. H. (206)
Bouldin, W. (157)
Boysdorfer, C. (193)
Brown, R. M. (185)
Bryant, G. M. (208)
Burnside, F. H. (212)
Carlstrom, O. G. (145)
Colovon, P. (160)
Crossley, S. J. (187)
Dalwigk, G. B. (190)
De Hart, D. C. (129)
Eaton, W. S. (128)
Edelman, D. (191)
Elliott, R. (178)
Figyelmessy, H. (203)
Fritts, E. V. (213)
Gilpatric, J. G. (171)
Gray, G. A. (142)
Gray, J. F. (150)
Gunn, T. (131)
Hattemer, H. L. (147)
Hemstraught, W. H. (146)
Hetlick, W. A., jr. (197)
Hild, F. C. (216)
Hunt, E. N. (163)
Holmes, H. (204)
Johnson, R. R. (205)
Kabitzke, W. (126)
Kammski, J. G. (121)
Kemper, F. W. (119)
Klockler, J. G. (125)
Korn, E. (171)
Lamkey, W. A. (183)
Law, R. B. (188)
Maroney, T. T. (106)
Masson, D. (202)
McMillen, R. E. (111)
Meyer, C. (176)
Miller, B. A. (173)
Niles, C. F. (181)
Park, H. (113)
Peoli, C. (141)
Piceller, W. (116)
Prodgers, C. B. (159)
Reid, M. E. (114)
Reid, P. H. (179)
Remer, L. H., de (115)
Richardson, R. H. C. (174)
Robinson, R. W. C. (162)
Ruiz, H. (182)
Russell, R. B. (132)
Salinas, A. (170)
Salinas, G. (172)
Schaeffer, J. S. (177)
Scholovinck, E. (195)
Schuman, F. J. (143)
Singh, M. M. (123)
Sjolander, C. T. (138)
Smith, J. F. (207)
Spaulding, J. D. (107)
Stark, W. M. (110)
Stinson, K. (148)
Sverkerson, J. S. (180)
Tait, G. M. (184)
Takeiski, K. (122)
Terrill, F. J. (108)
Thomson, C. (112)
Thompson, De L. (134)
Twombly, W. I. (149)
Vought, C. M. (156)
Waite, H. R. (186)
Weeks, E. O. (214)
Weiner, T. (167)
Wiggins, C. L. (175)
Wood, C. M. (209)

U.S. Aviators killed: _Continued._

U.S.A. AEROPLANES.

~A~

AERIAL EXHIBITION Co. (Biplane), 1777, Broadway, New York. Built a _Curtiss_ type with Kirkham motor, 1911. 2 skids, with wheel between, and usual _Farman_ rubber shock absorbers.

AERIAL YACHT CO., San Francisco. Inc. 1913. Capital, $25,000.

AERONAUTICAL SUPPLY CO. See _Cordeaux-Etter_.

AMERICAN AEROPLANE SUPPLY HOUSE (Monoplane), 266, Main Street, Hempstead, N.Y. Builders of monoplanes after the _Bleriot_ type. Half-a-dozen machines were built and sold during 1911. Fitted with Gnomes or American engines.

~B~

BALDWIN Biplanes. Captain Thos. S. Baldwin, PO Box, 78, Madison Square, N.Y. About half-a-dozen steel biplanes have been produced in 1911 by Captain Baldwin, and he and other aviators, Badger, Hammond, Miss Scott Mass, etc., have flown these at various exhibitions and meets, and are classed with well-known successful American biplanes.

Details of _Baldwin_ ("Red Devil").

~Length.~--28-1/4 feet (8.60 m.) ~Span.~--28-3/4 feet (8.75 m.)

~Motor.~--50-60 h.p. Hall-Scott ~Propeller.~--One Requa-Gibson in rear of main planes. Diameter, 7 feet (2.13 m.) Pitch, 6 feet (1.82 m.)

~Speed.~--60 m.p.h. (97 k.p.h.)

BENOIST. Benoist Aircraft Co., 6628, Delmar Boulevard, St. Louis, Mo. (formerly Aeronautic Supply Co.)

-----------------------------+------------------+------------------+
| ~1912-13.~ | ~1913.~ |
Model and date. | "Headless." | Flying boat. |
| | Tandem biplane. |
-----------------------------+------------------+------------------+
~Length~ feet (m.)| 22-1/2 (6.85) | 27 |
~Span~ feet (m.)| 30 (9.15) | 42-1/6 (12.80) |
~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| ... | ... |
{total lbs. (kgs.)| ... | 1004 (455) |
~Weight~ { | | |
{useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... |
~Motor~ h.p.| ... | 75 Roberts |
{max. m.p.h. (km.)| 68 (110) | ... |
~Speed~ { | | |
{min. m.p.h. (km.)| 31 (50) | ... |
~Endurance~ hrs.| 3 | |
-----------------------------+------------------+------------------+

Notes.--The boat of the flying boat is 23-5/6 feet long, by 2 feet 2-1/2 inches wide. Shipable wheels. See _Aeronautics_, January, 1913.

BOLAND. Boland Aeroplane & Motor Co., 1821, Broadway, New York. Works: Ft. Center St. Newark, N.J.

----------------------------+------------------+
Model and date. | ~1913.~ |
| "Tailless." |
----------------------------+------------------+
~Length~ feet (m.)| 21-1/6 (6.45) |
~Span~ feet (m.)| 35-1/2 (10.80) |
~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| ... |
{total lbs. (kgs.)| 900 (408) |
~Weight~ { | |
{useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... |
~Motor~ h.p.| 60 Boland |
~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| 60 (95) |
Number built during 1912 | 1 |
----------------------------+------------------+

A refinement of the original machine of the late F. E. Boland, which first flew in 1911. _Control_ by two special jibs which work inward. Designed to be used also as a hydro, with three step floats. No rudder or ailerons. Full details, etc., see _Aeronautics_, U.S.A., May, 1913, and _Aircraft_, U.S.A., May, 1913.

BURGESS. Burgess Co. & Curtis, Marblehead, Mass. Built _Wright_ types under license, also machines of their own.

----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
Model and date. | Military tractor. | Coast defence hydro. | Naval flying boat.
| ~1912-13.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~
----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
~Length~ feet (m.)| 37-3/4 (8.50) | 33-1/3 (9.55) | 31 (9.45)
~Span~ feet (m.)| 34-1/2 (10.50) | 37-3/4 (12) | 43 (13.10)
| | | -- -----
| | | 36 (10.97)
~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| ... | ... | 397 (37)
{total lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ...
~Weight~ { | | |
{useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | 775 (352) | ...
~Motor~ h.p.| 70 Renault | 60 Sturtevant | 70 Renault
| | _muffled_ |
~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| 45 (70) | 59 (95) | ...
~Endurance~ hrs.| 4-1/2 | 4-1/2 | ...
Number built during 1912 | ... | ... | ...
----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
Remarks.-- | Lumina fabric. | Special clear view | Boat 29-1/2 feet long.
| Single screw. | for observation. | 2--2 step floats.
| Details, _Aeronautics_, | 2--1 step mahogany | Petrol, 48 gallons.
| (U.S.A.), May-June, | and copper floats. | Details, _Aeronautics_,
| 1912. | Useful weight | (U.S.A.), May, 1913.
| | includes floats. |
| | Details, _Aeronautics_, |
| | (U.S.A.), Feb., 1913. |
----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------

~C~

CHRISTMAS. Durham Christmas Aeroplane Sales & Exhibition Corporation, Inc. 1913. Capital: $10,000 to $50,000. Claims for it are that it is "automatically balanced." This is attained by the shape of the machine, not through the agency of any auxiliary apparatus.

CORDEAUX-ETTER. Cordeaux-Etter Mfg. Corporation, Brooklyn, N.Y. Capital: $10,000. Took over, 1913, the Aeronautical Supply Co., of N.Y.

COOKE. Weldon B. Cooke Aeroplane Co., Sandusky, Ohio. Founded 1913 by the well-known aviator, W. B. Cooke.

---------------------------+------------------+
Model and date. | ~1913.~ |
---------------------------+------------------+
~Length~ feet (m.)| 25 (7.60) |
~Span~ feet (m.)| 24 (7.30) |
~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 240 (22) |
{total lbs. (kgs.)| 750 (340) |
~Weight~ { | |
{usefullbs. (kgs.)| ... |
~Motor~ h.p.{|75 Roberts 2 cycle|
{| _upside down_ |
~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| ... |
Number built during 1912 | new firm |
---------------------------+------------------+

Details, _Aeronautics_, U.S.A., February, 1913.

CURTISS. Curtiss Aeroplane Co., Hammondsport, N.Y. Glenn H. Curtiss in 1907 and 1908 was a member of the Aerial Experiment Association, formed by Dr. and Mrs. Alexander Graham Bell. This Association built four machines, each along the lines of one of the four engineers belong to the Association, F. W. Baldwin, Lieut. T. E. Selfridge, G. H. Curtiss and J. A. D. McCurdy. The last built was the _June Bug_, designed by Curtiss and was the most successful. In the spring of 1908, the Association was disbanded and The Aeronautical Society gave Curtiss an order for an aeroplane with _carte blanche_ as to design. He produced a 4 cyl. machine, Curtiss engine, and flew it. A duplicate was hurriedly built, 8 cyl. engine installed, and taken to Europe for the first Gordon Bennett, which he won. Returning, the same type was continued with minor improvements. Later the front elevator was brought closer in, finally discarded, and the fan tail adopted and this remains the standard land machine to-day. In April, a military tractor was built and flown.

On January 26th, 1911, first successful flights were made with a hydroaeroplane, at the Winter camp at San Diego, Calif. This had two floats tandem. One was finally adopted and great success was achieved, and remains standard at the present time. With this machine various experiments were made. It was altered in a tractor for one occasion, it was lifted on board warships; made into triplane, etc.

In 1912 he brought out his present type of flying boat. This is being rapidly developed and minor changes in details are made in practically every machine put out.

In May, 1913, he produced a special 4-passenger flying boat for a customer on special order.

Note.--In addition to those tabulated, special small racing machines have been built, as well as similar machines with extra sections simply added either side for Army use.

---------------------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------
Model and date. | ~Type D.~ | ~Type E.~ | ~Type F.~
| ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~
---------------------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------
~Length~ feet (m.)| 26-2/3 (8.10) | 27-1/3 (8.33) | 27-1/3 (8.33)
~Span~ feet (m.)| 26-1/4 (8) | 31-1/4 (9.50) | 38-1/3 (11.70)
~Overall~ feet (m.)| 33-1/12 (10) | 36-1/4 (11) | 41-2/3 (12.70)
~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 214 (19-1/2) | 288 (26-1/4) | 421-1/2 (39)
{total lbs. (kgs)| ... | 1700 (771) | ...
~Weight~ { | | |
{useful lbs. (kgs)| ... | 500 (227) | ...
~Motor~ h.p.| Curtiss | 80 Curtiss | Curtiss
~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| ... | 59 (95) | ...
---------------------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------
Remarks.-- | Land service, but | Fitted either with |Used to date only
|is also made fitted | wheels, pontons, or |as military tractor
| with floats. | boat. |or heavy flying boat.
| Panels. | _Vilas boat._ | _McCormick boat._
| | Boat 24 ft. long. |Boat 25 ft. long 4 ft.
| |Beam 54-1/2 ft. long. |wide. Freeboard 46
| |Height 41 ins. long. |ins. Cockpit 84 ins.
| |Cockpit 3 ft. long by |long by 46 ins. wide.
| | 4 ft. 2 ins. wide. |Length of tail, incl.
| | | elevator 12 feet.
---------------------------+--------------------+----------------------+------------------

For full details of the tractor (F) see _Aeronautics_, U.S.A., February, 1913.

~G~

GALLAUDET. Gallaudet Eng. Co., Norwich Ct.

In 1912 produced a special racer as above. ~Span~, 32 feet (9.75 m.) ~Area~, 200 sq. feet (18-1/2 m squared.) ~Speed~, 100 m.p.h. (160 k.p.h.) ~Motor~, 100 Gnome.

~K~

KIRKHAM Biplanes. Chas. B. Kirkham, Motor Manufacturers, Savona, N.Y. Began to manufacture aeroplanes in 1912, after previous experiments and flights near his factory.

~Length~, ? feet ( ? m.) ~span~, 34 feet (10.40 m.) ~surface~, ? sq. feet ( ? m squared.)

~Weight.~--Complete, _without pilot_, 980 lbs. (445 kgs.)

~Motor.~--50 h.p. Kirkham, located in front under bonnet. 70 h.p. also fitted.

~Speed.~--56-62 m.p.h. (90-100 k.p.h.)

Remarks.--Rises easily at under 35 m.p.h., and has a full speed radius of 5-1/2 hours. Full details in _Aeronautics_, U.S.A., January, 1912. 1913, no changes.

~L-S~

LOENING. Monoplane aero boat, with one very deep step. See _Aeronautics_, U.S.A., May-June, 1912.

SELLERS. Quadruplane. Matthew B. Sellers, R.F., D2, Norwood, Ga. Has been successfully experimenting for a number of years with a staggered quadruplane, and has given the aviation world a number of valuable papers. His aim is to fly successfully with the least possible horse power. For several years he has been making flights with various engines delivering from 5 to 6 h.p. on careful test. The actual thrust has been measured and recorded in late 1911 experiments. Details in _Aeronautics_, June, 1909; October, 1909; November, 1910; January, 1911; January, 1912. No actual details of the machine are available, but it follows closely the patent drawings (see references). He is one of the few real scientific flying men in the U.S.A. The original machine with slight changes was still flying at end of 1912 with only 5 h.p. B.H.P. The flying speed is 20 m.p.h.

SLOANE. Sloane Aeroplane Co., 1733, Broadway, New York. Established 1911. Agents for _Caudrons_ and _Deperdussins_. Run a school for these.

~T-V~

THOMAS Biplanes. Thomas Bros., Bath, N.Y., O.W., and W.T. Thomas began experimenting and flying in 1908 with a machine on the order of a _Curtiss_. In the winter of 1909-10, a type of their own was produced and was flown during 1911 by Walter Johnson in exhibitions. In 1912 they continued the same type, with refinements. In 1913 they adopted the overhanging top plane type, but of the same general high order of construction.

----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
| ~1912.~ | | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~ | ~1913.~
Model and date. | Tractor | ~1913.~ | Standard | Special | Flying boat.
| biplane. | Monoplane. | biplane. | biplane. |
----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------
~Length~ ft.(m.)| ... | 30 (9.15) | ... | 25 (7.62) | ...
~Span~ ft.(m.)| 37 (11.27) | 32 (9.75) | 37 (11.27) | 33 (10) | 33 (10)
| 27 (8.23) | ... | 27 (8.23) | 23 (7) | 23 (7)
~Area~ sq. ft.(m squared.)| ... | ... | ... | ... | ...
{total lbs. (kgs.)| 900 (408) | 750 (340) | 900 (408) | 850 (385) | ...
~Weight~ { | | | | |
{useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ... | 400 (181) | ...
~Motor~ h.p.| 65 Kirkham | 70 Kirkham | 65 Kirkham | 65 Kirkham | 100
| | _muffled_ | | | Maximotor
~Speed~ m.p.h.(km)| 58 (94) | ... | 58 (94) | 60 (97) | ...
~Endurance~ hrs.| 2 | ... | 2 | 2-1/4 | ...
Number built during 1912 | 1 | _building_ | ... | ... | _building_
----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+-------------------

Remarks. Control in all: Ailerons, 4 rudders. Elevator operated by rocking post on which wheel is mounted. The 1912 tractor was given up as less efficient than the Standard 1913. Special: full description _Aeronautics_, U.S.A., May, 1913.

The move was evolved 1912, but not built till well into 1913.

~W~

WASHINGTON. Washington Aeroplane Co., Washington, D.C. In 1913 built a flying boat to private order. ~Length~, 29 feet (8.83 m.) ~Maximum span~, 38 feet (11.85 m.) ~Motor~, 80 h.p. Gyro. Boat with eight compartments and one 3 inch step.

WITTEMAN. Witteman Bros., 17, Ocean Terrace and Little Clare Road, Staton Island, N.Y. These people do a considerable business building Curtiss type machines or machines to special designs for others. They built the _Baldwin_ biplanes for Captain Baldwin, to his design, using steel tubing throughout. See _Aeronautics_, December, 1911, for a _Witteman_ of special design shown by them at the Aero Show.

WRIGHT BROS. Biplanes. The Wright Co., Dayton, Ohio. The original type of _Wright_ machine was mounted on skids only, and started along a rail. Its special features were a biplane elevator forward, main planes with warpable tips to trailing edge, small keel in gap, 2 propellers, chain driven in rear of planes, double rudder in rear and no tail. Wilbur Wright flew a machine of this type for 2 h. 20 m. 23-1/2 s. in 1908. (Details of early _Wrights_ see previous editions of this book.)

----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
Model and date. | ~B.~ | ~C.~ | ~EX.~ | ~E.~
----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
~Length~ feet (m.)| 31 (9.45) | 29-3/4 (9) | ... | ...
~Span~ feet (m.)| 39 (11.90) | 38 (11.58) | 32 (9.75) | 32 (9.75)
~Area~ sq. feet (m squared.)| 500 (47) | 500 (47) | ... | ...
{total lbs. (kgs.)| 1250 (567) | ... | ... | ...
~Weight~ { | | | |
{useful lbs. (kgs.)| ... | ... | ... | ...
~Motor~ h.p.| 30-35 Wright | 30-35 Wright | 30 or 50 Wright | 30 or 50 Wright
~Speed~ m.p.h. (km.)| 45 (75) | 45 (75) | ... | ...
----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------
| | 1913 standard. | For exhibition | 1913
| | This machine as | work only. | for exhibition
| | a hydro is fitted| Single seater | work only.
| | with two 3 step | small duplicate | Single seater
| | floats. | of B. | duplicate of EX
| | Mea magneto. | |except fitted with
| | | |a single propeller
| | | | only.
----------------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+------------------

U.S.A. DIRIGIBLES.

There are a few small dirigibles in the U.S.A., but they are in no way to be compared to French and German productions. Up-to-date, they have only been used as attractions at fairs about the country. In the past several larger ones of poor design have been built and found failures.

~Military.~

BALDWIN (1908) 20,000 c. feet (560 m cubed)

Part B.

HISTORICAL AIRCRAFT.

In the following pages an attempt has been made to include photographs of all aeroplanes of the past six years, which, for one reason or another, "made history" in their own day.

While many are merely freak machines, which in the light of present knowledge seem ridiculous, the germ of modern practice is to be found in many other aircraft illustrated in this cemetery of dead ideals; and it is worth noting that at least one constructor, who is one of the first in the field to-day, commenced operations with machines which were entirely "freaks."

~AUSTRIAN.~

~BELGIAN.~

~BRAZIL.~

~BRITISH.~

~DANISH.~

~FRENCH.~

In 1909 the famous _Bleriot XI_ was built. This did very well at Reims, 1909. On 25th July, 1909, Bleriot made the first Cross-Channel flight in the machine illustrated below.

This machine had ~length~, 23 feet (7 m.) ~Span~, 25-3/4 feet (7.80 m.) ~Area~, 167 sq. feet (15-1/2 m squared.) Aspect ratio 4-1/2 to 1. ~Motor~, 22-25, 3 cylinder Anzani. ~Speed~, _about_ 45 m.p.h. (73 k.m.) _Special features_: Fixed wings with rounded edges. Twin elevator and fixed surface tail.

~GERMAN.~

~ITALIAN.~

~SWISS.~

~U.S.A.~

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Jane's All the World's Aircraft. 1913Chapter VIII: Part C: deals with aero-engines. It is mainly remarkable--in comparison (6)

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