Chapter XXI: Part 1: Introduction and the Principles of Geometry. Part

2. Land Surveying: comprising General Observations—The
Chain—Offsets Surveying by the Chain only—Surveying Hilly
Ground—To Survey an Estate or Parish by the Chain only—Surveying
with the Theodolite—Mining and Town Surveying—Railroad
Surveying—Mapping—Division and Laying out of Land—Observations
on Enclosures—Plane Trigonometry. Part 3. Levelling—Simple
and Compound Levelling—The Level Book—Parliamentary Plan
and Section—Levelling with a Theodolite—Gradients—Wooden
Curves—To Lay out a Railway Curve—Setting out Widths. Part
4. Calculating Quantities generally for Estimates—Cuttings
and Embankments—Tunnels—Brickwork—Ironwork—Timber
Measuring. Part 5. Description and Use of Instruments in
Surveying and Plotting—The Improved Dumpy Level—Troughton’s
Level—The Prismatic Compass—Proportional Compass—Box
Sextant—Vernier—Pantagraph—Merrett’s Improved Quadrant—Improved
Computation Scale—The Diagonal Scale—Straight Edge and Sector. Part
6. Logarithms of Numbers—Logarithmic Sines and Co-Sines, Tangents
and Co-Tangents—Natural Sines and Co-Sines—Tables for Earthwork,
for Setting out Curves, and for various Calculations, etc., etc.,
etc.

_Saws: the History, Development, Action, Classification, and Comparison of Saws of all kinds._ By ROBERT GRIMSHAW. _With 220 illustrations_, 4to, cloth, 12_s._ 6_d._

_A Supplement to the above_; containing additional practical matter, more especially relating to the forms of Saw Teeth for special material and conditions, and to the behaviour of Saws under particular conditions. _With 120 illustrations_, cloth, 9_s._

_A Guide for the Electric Testing of Telegraph Cables._ By Capt. V. HOSKIÆR, Royal Danish Engineers. _With illustrations_, second edition, crown 8vo, cloth, 4_s._ 6_d._

_Laying and Repairing Electric Telegraph Cables._ By Capt. V. HOSKIÆR, Royal Danish Engineers. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3_s._ 6_d._

_A Pocket-Book of Practical Rules for the Proportions of Modern Engines and Boilers for Land and Marine purposes._ By N. P. BURGH. Seventh edition, royal 32mo, roan, 4_s._ 6_d._

_The Assayers Manual_: an Abridged Treatise on the Docimastic Examination of Ores and Furnace and other Artificial Products. By BRUNO KERL. Translated by W. T. BRANNT. _With 65 illustrations_, 8vo, cloth, 12_s._ 6_d._

_The Steam Engine considered as a Heat Engine_: a Treatise on the Theory of the Steam Engine, illustrated by Diagrams, Tables, and Examples from Practice. By JAS. H. COTTERILL, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Applied Mechanics in the Royal Naval College. 8vo, cloth, 12_s._ 6_d._

_Electricity_: its Theory, Sources, and Applications. By J. T. SPRAGUE, M.S.T.E. Second edition, revised and enlarged, _with numerous illustrations_, crown 8vo, cloth, 15_s._

_The Practice of Hand Turning in Wood, Ivory, Shell, etc._, with Instructions for Turning such Work in Metal as may be required in the Practice of Turning in Wood, Ivory, etc.; also an Appendix on Ornamental Turning. (A book for beginners.) By FRANCIS CAMPIN. Third edition, _with wood engravings_, crown 8vo, cloth, 6_s._

CONTENTS:

On Lathes—Turning Tools—Turning Wood—Drilling—Screw
Cutting—Miscellaneous Apparatus and Processes—Turning Particular
Forms—Staining—Polishing—Spinning Metals—Materials—Ornamental
Turning, etc.

_Health and Comfort in House Building, or Ventilation with Warm Air by Self-Acting Suction Power_, with Review of the mode of Calculating the Draught in Hot-Air Flues, and with some actual Experiments. By J. DRYSDALE, M.D., and J. W. HAYWARD, M.D. Second edition, with Supplement, _with plates_, demy 8vo, cloth, 7_s._ 6_d._

_Treatise on Watchwork, Past and Present._ By the Rev. H. L. NELTHROPP, M.A., F.S.A. _With 32 illustrations_, crown 8vo, cloth, 6_s._ 6_d._

CONTENTS:

Definitions of Words and Terms used in
Watchwork—Tools—Time—Historical Summary—On Calculations of
the Numbers for Wheels and Pinions; their Proportional Sizes,
Trains, etc.—Of Dial Wheels, or Motion Work—Length of Time of
Going without Winding up—The Verge—The Horizontal—The Duplex—The
Lever—The Chronometer—Repeating Watches—Keyless Watches—The
Pendulum, or Spiral Spring—Compensation—Jewelling of Pivot
Holes—Clerkenwell—Fallacies of the Trade—Incapacity of Workmen—How
to Choose and Use a Watch, etc.

_Notes in Mechanical Engineering._ Compiled principally for the use of the Students attending the Classes on this subject at the City of London College. By HENRY ADAMS, Mem. Inst. M.E., Mem. Inst. C.E., Mem. Soc. of Engineers. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2_s._ 6_d._

_Algebra Self-Taught._ By W. P. HIGGS, M.A., D.Sc., LL.D., Assoc. Inst. C.E., Author of ‘A Handbook of the Differential Calculus,’ etc. Second edition, crown 8vo, cloth, 2_s._ 6_d._

CONTENTS:

Symbols and the Signs of Operation—The Equation
and the Unknown Quantity—Positive and Negative
Quantities—Multiplication—Involution—Exponents—Negative
Exponents—Roots, and the Use of Exponents as
Logarithms—Logarithms—Tables of Logarithms and Proportionate
Parts—Transformation of System of Logarithms—Common Uses of
Common Logarithms—Compound Multiplication and the Binomial
Theorem—Division, Fractions, and Ratio—Continued Proportion—The
Series and the Summation of the Series—Limit of Series—Square and
Cube Roots—Equations—List of Formulæ, etc.

_Spons’ Dictionary of Engineering, Civil, Mechanical, Military, and Naval_; with technical terms in French, German, Italian, and Spanish, 3100 pp., and _nearly 8000 engravings_, in super-royal 8vo, in 8 divisions, 5_l._ 8_s._ Complete in 3 vols., cloth, 5_l._ 5_s._ Bound in a superior manner, half-morocco, top edge gilt, 3 vols., 6_l._ 12_s._

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TO

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Abacus, Counters, Speed Indicators, and Slide Rule.
Agricultural Implements and Machinery.
Air Compressors.
Animal Charcoal Machinery.
Antimony.
Axles and Axle-boxes.
Barn Machinery.
Belts and Belting.
Blasting.
Boilers.
Brakes.
Brick Machinery.
Bridges.
Cages for Mines.
Calculus, Differential and Integral.
Canals.
Carpentry.
Cast Iron.
Cement, Concrete, Limes, and Mortar.
Chimney Shafts.
Coal Cleansing and Washing.
Coal Mining.
Coal Cutting Machines.
Coke Ovens.
Copper.
Docks.
Drainage.
Dredging Machinery.
Dynamo-Electric and Magneto-Electric Machines.
Dynamometers.
Electrical Engineering, Telegraphy, Electric Lighting and its
practical details, Telephones.
Engines, Varieties of.
Explosives.
Fans.
Founding, Moulding and the practical work of the Foundry.
Gas, Manufacture of.
Hammers, Steam and other Power.
Heat. Horse Power.
Hydraulics.
Hydro-geology.
Indicators. Iron.
Lifts, Hoists, and Elevators.
Lighthouses, Buoys, and Beacons.
Machine Tools.
Materials of Construction.
Meters.
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Pumps.
Pyrometers.
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Well Sinking.

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INDUSTRIAL ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS.

EDITED BY C. G. WARNFORD LOCK, F.L.S.

Among the more important of the subjects treated of, are the following:—

Acids, 207 pp. 220 figs.
Alcohol, 23 pp. 16 figs.
Alcoholic Liquors, 13 pp.
Alkalies, 89 pp. 78 figs.
Alloys. Alum.
Asphalt. Assaying.
Beverages, 89 pp. 29 figs.
Blacks.
Bleaching Powder, 15 pp.
Bleaching, 51 pp. 48 figs.
Candles, 18 pp. 9 figs.
Carbon Bisulphide.
Celluloid, 9 pp.
Cements. Clay.
Coal-tar Products, 44 pp. 14 figs.
Cocoa, 8 pp.
Coffee, 32 pp. 13 figs.
Cork, 8 pp. 17 figs.
Cotton Manufactures, 62 pp. 57 figs.
Drugs, 38 pp.
Dyeing and Calico Printing, 28 pp. 9 figs.
Dyestuffs, 16 pp.
Electro-Metallurgy, 13 pp.
Explosives, 22 pp. 33 figs.
Feathers.
Fibrous Substances, 92 pp. 79 figs.
Floor-cloth, 16 pp. 21 figs.
Food Preservation, 8 pp.
Fruit, 8 pp.
Fur, 5 pp.
Gas, Coal, 8 pp.
Gems.
Glass, 45 pp. 77 figs.
Graphite, 7 pp.
Hair, 7 pp.
Hair Manufactures.
Hats, 26 pp. 26 figs.
Honey. Hops.
Horn.
Ice, 10 pp. 14 figs.
Indiarubber Manufactures, 23 pp. 17 figs.
Ink, 17 pp.
Ivory.
Jute Manufactures, 11 pp., 11 figs.
Knitted Fabrics—Hosiery, 15 pp. 13 figs.
Lace, 13 pp. 9 figs.
Leather, 28 pp. 31 figs.
Linen Manufactures, 16 pp. 6 figs.
Manures, 21 pp. 30 figs.
Matches, 17 pp. 38 figs.
Mordants, 13 pp.
Narcotics, 47 pp.
Nuts, 10 pp.
Oils and Fatty Substances, 125 pp.
Paint.
Paper, 26 pp. 23 figs.
Paraffin, 8 pp. 6 figs.
Pearl and Coral, 8 pp.
Perfumes, 10 pp.
Photography, 13 pp. 20 figs.
Pigments, 9 pp. 6 figs.
Pottery, 46 pp. 57 figs.
Printing and Engraving, 20 pp. 8 figs.
Rags.
Resinous and Gummy Substances, 75 pp. 16 figs.
Rope, 16 pp. 17 figs.
Salt, 31 pp. 23 figs.
Silk, 8 pp.
Silk Manufactures, 9 pp. 11 figs.
Skins, 5 pp.
Small Wares, 4 pp.
Soap and Glycerine, 39 pp. 45 figs.
Spices, 16 pp.
Sponge, 5 pp.
Starch, 9 pp. 10 figs.
Sugar, 155 pp. 134 figs.
Sulphur.
Tannin, 18 pp.
Tea, 12 pp.
Timber, 13 pp.
Varnish, 15 pp.
Vinegar, 5 pp.
Wax, 5 pp.
Wool, 2 pp.
Woollen Manufactures 58 pp. 39 figs.

Crown 8vo, cloth, with illustrations, 5_s._

WORKSHOP RECEIPTS,

FIRST SERIES.

BY ERNEST SPON.

SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS.

Bookbinding.
Bronzes and Bronzing.
Candles.
Cement.
Cleaning.
Colourwashing.
Concretes.
Dipping Acids.
Drawing Office Details.
Drying Oils.
Dynamite.
Electro-Metallurgy—(Cleaning, Dipping, Scratch-brushing, Batteries,
Baths, and Deposits of every description).
Enamels.
Engraving on Wood, Copper, Gold, Silver, Steel, and Stone.
Etching and Aqua Tint.
Firework Making—(Rockets, Stars, Rains, Gerbes, Jets, Tourbillons,
Candles, Fires, Lances, Lights, Wheels, Fire-balloons, and minor
Fireworks).
Fluxes.
Foundry Mixtures.
Freezing.
Fulminates.
Furniture Creams, Oils, Polishes, Lacquers, and Pastes.
Gilding.
Glass Cutting, Cleaning, Frosting, Drilling, Darkening, Bending,
Staining, and Painting.
Glass Making.
Glues.
Gold.
Graining.
Gums.
Gun Cotton.
Gunpowder.
Horn Working.
Indiarubber.
Japans, Japanning, and kindred processes.
Lacquers.
Lathing.
Lubricants.
Marble Working.
Matches.
Mortars.
Nitro-Glycerine.
Oils.
Paper.
Paper Hanging.
Painting in Oils, in Water Colours, as well as Fresco, House,
Transparency, Sign, and Carriage Painting.
Photography.
Plastering.
Polishes.
Pottery—(Clays, Bodies, Glazes, Colours, Oils, Stains, Fluxes,
Enamels, and Lustres).
Scouring.
Silvering.
Soap.
Solders.
Tanning.
Taxidermy.
Tempering Metals.
Treating Horn, Mother-o’-Pearl, and like substances.
Varnishes, Manufacture and Use of.
Veneering.
Washing.
Waterproofing.
Welding.

Besides Receipts relating to the lesser Technological matters and processes, such as the manufacture and use of Stencil Plates, Blacking, Crayons, Paste, Putty, Wax, Size, Alloys, Catgut, Tunbridge Ware, Picture Frame and Architectural Mouldings, Compos, Cameos, and others too numerous to mention.

Crown 8vo, cloth, 485 pages, with illustrations, 5_s._

WORKSHOP RECEIPTS,

SECOND SERIES.

BY ROBERT HALDANE.

SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS.

Acidimetry and Alkalimetry.
Albumen.
Alcohol.
Alkaloids.
Baking-powders.
Bitters.
Bleaching.
Boiler Incrustations.
Cements and Lutes.
Cleansing.
Confectionery.
Copying.
Disinfectants.
Dyeing, Staining, and Colouring.
Essences.
Extracts.
Fireproofing.
Gelatine, Glue, and Size.
Glycerine.
Gut.
Hydrogen peroxide.
Ink.
Iodine.
Iodoform.
Isinglass.
Ivory substitutes.
Leather.
Luminous bodies.
Magnesia.
Matches.
Paper.
Parchment.
Perchloric acid.
Potassium oxalate.
Preserving.

=Pigments, Paint, and Painting=: embracing the preparation of _Pigments_, including alumina lakes, blacks (animal, bone, Frankfort, ivory, lamp, sight, soot), blues (antimony, Antwerp, cobalt, cœruleum, Egyptian, manganate, Paris, Péligot, Prussian, smalt, ultramarine), browns (bistre, hinau, sepia, sienna, umber, Vandyke), greens (baryta, Brighton, Brunswick, chrome, cobalt, Douglas, emerald, manganese, mitis, mountain, Prussian, sap, Scheele’s, Schweinfurth, titanium, verdigris, zinc), reds (Brazilwood lake, carminated lake, carmine, Cassius purple, cobalt pink, cochineal lake, colcothar, Indian red, madder lake, red chalk, red lead, vermilion), whites (alum, baryta, Chinese, lead sulphate, white lead—by American, Dutch, French, German, Kremnitz, and Pattinson processes, precautions in making, and composition of commercial samples—whiting, Wilkinson’s white, zinc white), yellows (chrome, gamboge, Naples, orpiment, realgar, yellow lakes); _Paint_ (vehicles, testing oils, driers, grinding, storing, applying, priming, drying, filling, coats, brushes, surface, water-colours, removing smell, discoloration; miscellaneous paints—cement paint for carton-pierre, copper paint, gold paint, iron paint, lime paints, silicated paints, steatite paint, transparent paints, tungsten paints, window paint, zinc paints); _Painting_ (general instructions, proportions of ingredients, measuring paint work; carriage painting—priming paint, best putty, finishing colour, cause of cracking, mixing the paints, oils, driers, and colours, varnishing, importance of washing vehicles, re-varnishing, how to dry paint; woodwork painting).

JUST PUBLISHED.

Crown 8vo, cloth, 480 pages, with 183 illustrations, 5_s._

WORKSHOP RECEIPTS,

THIRD SERIES.

BY C. G. WARNFORD LOCK.

Uniform with the First and Second Series.

SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS.

Alloys.
Aluminium.
Antimony.
Barium.
Beryllium.
Bismuth.
Cadmium.
Cæsium.
Calcium.
Cerium.
Chromium.
Cobalt.
Copper.
Didymium.
Electrics.
Enamels and Glazes.
Erbium.
Gallium.
Glass.
Gold.
Indium.
Iridium.
Iron and Steel.
Lacquers and Lacquering.
Lanthanum.
Lead.
Lithium.
Lubricants.
Magnesium.
Manganese.
Mercury.
Mica.
Molybdenum.
Nickel.
Niobium.
Osmium.
Palladium.
Platinum.
Potassium.
Rhodium.
Rubidium.
Ruthenium.
Selenium.
Silver.
Slag.
Sodium.
Strontium.
Tantalum.
Terbium.
Thallium.
Thorium.
Tin.
Titanium.
Tungsten.
Uranium.
Vanadium.
Yttrium.
Zinc.
Zirconium.
Aluminium.

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In demy 8vo, cloth, 600 pages, and 1420 Illustrations, 6_s._

SPONS’

MECHANIC’S OWN BOOK;

A MANUAL FOR HANDICRAFTSMEN AND AMATEURS.

CONTENTS.

Mechanical Drawing—Casting and Founding in Iron, Brass, Bronze, and other Alloys—Forging and Finishing Iron—Sheetmetal Working—Soldering, Brazing, and Burning—Carpentry and Joinery, embracing descriptions of some 400 Woods, over 200 Illustrations of Tools and their uses, Explanations (with Diagrams) of 116 joints and hinges, and Details of Construction of Workshop appliances, rough furniture, Garden and Yard Erections, and House Building—Cabinet-Making and Veneering—Carving and Fretcutting—Upholstery—Painting, Graining, and Marbling—Staining Furniture, Woods, Floors, and Fittings—Gilding, dead and bright, on various grounds—Polishing Marble, Metals, and Wood—Varnishing—Mechanical movements, illustrating contrivances for transmitting motion—Turning in Wood and Metals—Masonry, embracing Stonework, Brickwork, Terracotta, and Concrete—Roofing with Thatch, Tiles, Slates, Felt, Zinc, &c.—Glazing with and without putty, and lead glazing—Plastering and Whitewashing—Paper-hanging—Gas-fitting—Bell-hanging, ordinary and electric Systems—Lighting—Warming—Ventilating—Roads, Pavements, and Bridges—Hedges, Ditches, and Drains—Water Supply and Sanitation—Hints on House Construction suited to new countries.

London: E. & F. N. SPON, 125, Strand.
New York: 35, Murray Street.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

For consistency the titles Mr. Mrs. Dr. and Messrs. have been changed
to Mr Mrs Dr and Messrs throughout the book.

Eight occurrences of ‘Robert Mansell’ have been replaced by
‘Robert Mansel’.

Fig 3 and Figures 18-21 are missing, but were missing also from the
original book.

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
the text and consultation of external sources.

Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added,
when a predominant preference was found in the original book.

Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text,
and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.

Pg v: ‘SAFETY AND COMPORT’ replaced by ‘SAFETY AND COMFORT’.
Pg v: ‘The Bessmer Channel’ replaced by ‘The Bessemer Channel’.
Pg 1: ‘stuctural arrangements’ replaced by ‘structural arrangements’.
Pg 9: ‘not only permissable’ replaced by ‘not only permissible’.
Pg 9: ‘ducility renders it’ replaced by ‘ductility renders it’.
Pg 16: ‘for cargo-carrrying’ replaced by ‘for cargo-carrying’.
Pg 18: ‘the best concensus’ replaced by ‘the best consensus’.
Pg 20: ‘other longtitudinal’ replaced by ‘other longitudinal’.
Pg 20, 21, 22, 23: ‘rivetting’ replaced by ‘riveting’.
Pg 25: ‘a maintainence also’ replaced by ‘a maintenence also’.
Pg 26: ‘Marc Berrier-Eontaine’ replaced by ‘Marc Berrier-Fontaine’.
Pg 33 Footnote 2: ‘tried inofficially’ replaced by ‘tried unofficially’.
Pg 42: ‘comsumption of coal’ replaced by ‘consumption of coal’.
Pg 49: ‘with Three Cylnders’ replaced by ‘with Three Cylinders’.
Pg 51: ‘marked accesions to’ replaced by ‘marked accessions to’.
Pg 57: ‘by Messsrs Denny’ replaced by ‘by Messrs Denny’.
Pg 58: ‘its great ducility’ replaced by ‘its great ductility’.
Pg 63: ‘with original structure’ replaced by ‘with the original
structure’.
Pg 64: ‘deek-houses’ replaced by ‘deck-houses’.
Pg 66: ‘amount permissable’ replaced by ‘amount permissible’.
Pg 69: ‘of the traditionary’ replaced by ‘of the traditional’.
Pg 118: ‘similiarly constructed’ replaced by ‘similarly constructed’.
Pg 121: ‘determine dircetly’ replaced by ‘determine directly’.
Pg 128A: ‘On the Assesment’ replaced by ‘On the Assessment’.
Pg 128A: duplicate ‘N.A.,’ removed.
Pg 129: ‘and carpentery’ replaced by ‘and carpentry’.
Pg 132: ‘superior homogeniety’ replaced by ‘superior homogeneity’.
Pg 134, 135: ‘portable rivetters’ replaced by ‘portable riveters’.
Pg 135: ‘oftentimes harrassing’ replaced by ‘oftentimes harassing’.
Pg 136: ‘made to guage’ replaced by ‘made to gauge’.
Pg 137: ‘necesitate them replaced by ‘necessitate them’.
Pg 182: ‘Société Anomyne’ replaced by ‘Société Anonyme’.
Pg 195: ‘109| I49,100|’ replaced by ‘109| 149,100|’.
Pg 200: This very wide table has been split into three parts.
Pg 200: ‘Eastern Steampship’ replaced by ‘Eastern Steamship’.
Pg 200: ‘Barrow Steampship’ replaced by ‘Barrow Steamship’.
Pg 200: ‘Mississipi and’ replaced by ‘Mississippi and’.
Pg 213: ‘the plainimeter just’ replaced by ‘the planimeter just’.
Biographies:
of Pierce: ‘in existance, of’ replaced by ‘in existence, of’.
of Martell: ‘professonal subjects’ replaced by ‘professional subjects’.
of White: ‘the Royal Docykard’ replaced by ‘the Royal Dockyard’.
of Palmer: ‘the colleries of’ replaced by ‘the collieries of’.
of Palmer: ‘since universelly’ replaced by ‘since universally’.