Chapter M: Antoninus Caracalla. Macrinus. Elagabalus. Alexander Severus (6)

_C. Cincius Alimentus_ wrote Roman history in Greek, i, 22;
made prisoner in the second Punic war, 22;
had from Hannibal an account of his passage over the Alps, 22;
called _maximus auctor_ by Livy, 22;
wrote _de Potestate Consulum_, and on the Roman Calendar in Latin,
22;
made researches on the monuments of ancient times, 108;
the second Punic war formed the exclusive substance of its work, ii,
62;
excellent, 63.

_Cineas_ goes to Tarentum, i, 555;
his character, 555;
how far he might be called a pupil of Demosthenes, 555;
comes to Rome, 561;
his uncommon tact and extraordinary memory, 561.

_Cinna_, L. Cornelius, consul, attached to Marius, ii, 369;
heads the democracy, 369;
aims at absolute power, 370;
at the head of the Italians, 370;
deprived of his consulship, 370;
returns to Rome with Sertorius, 371;
defeats Cn. Pompeius, 372;
consul for the second time, 373;
killed by his soldiers, 375.

_Cinna._ See Helvius.

_Circeii_, colony of Tarquin the Proud, i, 197;
at the time of Sp. Cassius still a Latin town, 246, 344;
the colony restored, 345.

_Circus Flaminius_ was for the plebeians what the Circus Maximus was
for the patricians, i, 312.

_Circus Maximus._ See Circus Flaminius.

_Cirta_, capital of Syphax, ii, 131.

_Cité_, i, 167.

_Cities_, large cities are always a proof of immigration, i, 103;
spring up in Germany, particularly after the tenth century, 167.

_Citizens sine suffragio_ were not received in plebeian tribes, i, 174.

_Citizenship_, its rights and obligations probably ceased at the
sixtieth year, i, 181.

_Cittadini_, corresponding to _Populus_, i, 166.

_Civilis_, rebellion, iii, 204.

CIVITAS SINE SUFFRAGIO, i, 448.

CIVITATES FŒDERATÆ, in the provinces, ii, 41.

CIVITATES LIBERÆ, in the provinces, ii, 41.

_Clans_ of the Highlanders are called after individuals, i, 159.

_Clapperton and Denham_ hear, in the interior of Soudan, of the
insurrection in Greece, i, 469;
meet among the Tuarics with an alphabet which is quite distinct from
the Arabic, ii, 310.

_Classes_ in the Lombard towns, i, 161.

_Classis_, a host of heavy armed men, i, 177, footnote.

_Clastidium_, battle, ii, 56;
between Piacenza and Alessandria, 57.

_Claudian_ of Alexandria, a true poetical genius, iii, 324.

_Claudian family_, the character for insolence hereditary in it, ii,
34.

_Ap. Claudius_, consul, 233;
his opposition against the Plebes, 272.

_Ap. Claudius_, the decemvir president of the senate, i, 307;
his crime against Virginia, 309;
dies in prison, 316.

_Ap. Claudius_, goes over to Sicily, i, 580.

_Ap. Claudius_, proconsul, his forbearance at Capua, ii, 113;
prætor, negotiates with the Syracusans, 115.

_Ap. Claudius_, father-in-law of Tib. Gracchus, ii, 279.

_Ap. Claudius Cæcus_, the grammarians still knew his moral maxims, i,
16;
Cicero read a speech of his against Pyrrhus, 16;
his character, 512;
places freedmen in a mass among the tribes, 514;
enters them on the rolls of the senate, 516;
his list was never made use of, 517;
claims the censorship during five years, 517;
makes the Appian road, 517;
cuts a canal through the Pontine marshes, 517;
brings an aqueduct to Rome, 518;
is said to have undertaken his works without any authority from the
senate, 519;
opposes Volumnius, 527;
turns the scales with regard to the proposals of Cineas, 561.

_Claudius_, Emperor, writes history, i, 87;
fragment of a speech of his on the Lugdunensian tablets, 87;
his stupidity, 88;
honest, 191;
without any sort of criticism, 192;
hides himself, iii, 180,
brother of Germanicus, 180;
character, 181;
writes memoirs of Augustus, 182;
consul, 182;
unfortunate in marriage, 182;
ruled by slaves and freedmen, 183;
his buildings, 183;
expedition against Britain, 184;
his death, 184.

_M. Claudius Glycia_, son of a freedman, appointed dictator by P.
Claudius, ii, 33;
resigns his dignity, 34.

_P. Claudius_, son (grandson?) of Claudius Cæcus, leads reinforcements
to the Romans in Sicily, ii, 31;
his defeat near Drepana, 32;
is condemned to severe punishment for having appointed the son of a
freedman dictator, 33;
his sister condemned, 34.

_Q. Claudius._ See Quadrigarius.

_Claudius_, M. Aurelius Gothicus, emperor, a great man, iii, 284;
defeats the Goths, 284;
his death, 284.

_Clavus_ knocked in by the dictator on the Ides of September, i, 237.

_Cleanthes_, iii, 68.

_Clement_ of Alexandria, iii, 235.

_Cleomenes_, ii, 145;
destroys Megalopolis, 248.

_Cleonymus_, in the pay of Tarentum, i, 461;
forces the Lucanians to make peace, 510;
taken into pay by one of the Sicilian parties against Agathocles of
Syracuse, 511;
seizes upon Corcyra, 511;
marches to Venetia and against Padua, 511;
dies in Sparta at an advanced age, 511.

_Cleopatra_, sister of Ptolemy Philometor, ii, 221.

_Cleopatra_, daughter of Ptolemy Auletes, iii, 62;
flies to Syria, 63;
declared Queen by Cæsar, 65;
goes to Cilicia to join Antony, 101;
receives Cœlesyria, Judæa, and Cyprus, from Antony, 108;
married to Antony, 110;
takes to flight in the battle of Actium, 111;
tries to gain over Octavian, 113;
her death, 114.

_Clientes_ (_cluentes_), from _cluere_, to hear, i, 170.

_Clientship_, earliest origin of it, i, 117;
its nature, 263;
different causes of its origin, 170;
its dangerous character, ii, 42.

_Clients_, are in the curies, i, 226;
enter into the tribes, 304;
appear in the centuries, 327.

_Clisthenes_, takes the _Ager Atticus_ as the basis for the division of
the Athenian people, i, 172.

_Clitarchus_, historian, i, 469; ii, 392.

_Clivus Publicius_, leads from the Circus to the Aventine, i, 305.

CLOACA MAXIMA, i, 138;
equal in extent and bulk to the pyramids, 138;
of hewn Alban freestone, 138;
uncertain whether built by Tarquinius Priscus, or by his son
Superbus, 138;
described, 188.

_Clockius_, i, 55.

_Clodia_, Antonius’ stepdaughter, betrothed to Augustus, iii, 143.

_Clodius._ See Albinus.

_P. Clodius_, brother-in-law of Lucullus, plays the mutineer against
him, iii, 8;
his descent, 27;
his profligacy, 27;
adopted by a plebeian and made tribune, 28;
sells the government of the provinces, 35;
impeaches Cicero, 35;
slain, 38.

_Clœlia_, her flight, i, 214.

_Clovis_ not allowed to appropriate to himself any exclusive share in
the booty, i, 204.

_Cluilia Fossa_, i, 108, 127.

_Cluilius_, general of the Albans, i, 127.

_Clupea_ (Aspis), town in Africa, ii, 20;
taken by the Romans, 20;
rises against Carthage, 44.

_Clusium_, in the war of Porsena, the chief town of the Etruscans, i,
131;
Gauls before the town, 372;
destroyed, ii, 383.

_Cluver_, Philip, his _Italia Antiqua_ and _Sicilia_, i, 75.

_Cocceius_, iii, 103.

_Cœlesyria_ detached from Egypt, ii, 221.

_Cœlius._ See Cælius.

_L. Cœlius Antipater_, i, 36;
lived in the middle of the seventh century, many things in Livy,
particularly the romantic accounts to be traced to him, ii, 63;
Cicero speaks slightingly of him, 63, 308.

COHORTES URBANÆ, iii, 123.

_Coins_, of Sybaris preserved, i, 4;
are very good guides of history since the time of Hadrian, iii, 242.

_Cologne_, there were there three orders, each of fifteen houses, i,
161;
the second and third order were admitted to offices later than the
first, 162;
seat of the government of Gaul, iii, 283;
devastated, 308;
chronicle of Cologne excellent, i, 13, 125, 202.

_Collatinus_, chronological impossibility of the accounts of him, i,
81;
goes to Lavinium, 136;
patrician consul, 202.

_Collin_, battle, the employment of the oblique line of battle
dangerous, ii, 101.

_Colline gate_, its locality, i, 411;
battle, ii, 382.

_Colonia Ulpia_, iii, 219.

_Coloniæ Romanæ_, exclusively Roman colonies, i, 346;
in southern Italy, ii, 106.

_Colonial system_ of the Romans, i, 417;
of the Greeks, 417;
of the Samnites, 418;
of the Spaniards in Mexico, 420;
development of the Roman system, iii, 274.

_Colonies_, Latin, i, 104;
their history, ii, 384;
conf. i, 452;
twelve out of thirty had furnished no contingent during the
expedition of Hannibal, ii, 187;
south of the Po, 200;
twelve of M. Livius Drusus, 302;
Julian, iii, 101.

_Colonies_ sent into conquered towns, how it was done, i, 250.

_Colosseum_ built by Vespasian, iii, 207;
its dedication celebrated by Titus, 208.

_Colossus_ on the Capitoline hill, i, 498.

_Columna rostrata_, the general representations quite unauthentical, it
was perhaps cast from the beaks of conquered ships, ii, 15;
the inscription is not the original one, but restored by Germanicus,
16.

_Comana_, temple of Anaitis, ii, 407.

_Comedy_ had quite gone down in the time of Augustus, iii, 129, 141.

COMITIA TRIBUTA have the initiative in passing laws, i, 201.

_Comitium_, junction of the Roman and the Sabine senates, i, 118.

COMMENTARII PONTIFICUM, i, 10;
are not as old as they would have us believe, 10.

_Commercium_, explained, i, 171.

_Commodus, emperor_, iii, 247;
his character, 247;
his prodigality, 248;
calls himself Hercules, 248;
murdered, 249.

_Commune_, Italian for Plebs, i, 166, 168.

_Communication_ was much easier in ancient times than in the twelfth
and thirteenth centuries, i, 469.

_Communism_, iii, 326.

_Community_, right of, i, 165.

_Companies of trade_ traced back to Numa, i, 177.

_Compsa_ in the country of the Hirpinians destroyed, ii, 406.

CONCILIABULA, i, 450.

CONCILIUM POPULI equivalent to curies, i, 395.

CONCIO ADVOCATA could take place at any time, i, 270.

_Concordia_, temple of, i, 403.

_Concubinage_, iii, 163, 187.

_Confederacy_, the northern, declares for the Samnites, i, 501.

_Congiarium_ given to the Roman people, iii, 231.

_Connubium_ did not exist between patricians and plebeians, i, 171,
280;
not allowed by the Twelve Tables, 300.

_Conquered_ place themselves, according to Asiatic custom, under the
protection of the conqueror, iii, 105.

CONSACRAMENTALES, i, 266.

CONSCRIPTI, i, 334.

_Conscription_, i, 181.

_Consecrations_ for death a well known Roman custom, i, 379.

CONSISTORIUM PRINCIPIS, put on a surer footing by Hadrian, iii, 231.

_Constans_, son of Constantine, iii, 304;
gets the præfecture of Italy and Illyricum, 305;
conquers the West, 305;
his death, 305.

_Constantia_, Constantine’s half-sister, married to Licinius, iii, 300.

_Constantina_, daughter of Constantine, wife of Gallus, iii, 307.

_Constantine_, emperor, son of Constantius, had a confused sort of
faith, had the god of the Sun on his coins, iii, 272, 303;
a great man, 295, 298;
proclaimed emperor, 298;
son of Helena, 298;
not a barbarian, 298;
acknowledged by Galerius as Augustus, 298;
marries Fausta, daughter of Maximinian, 298;
his war against Maxentius, 299;
triumphal arch, 299;
defeats Maxentius, 299;
war with Licinius, 300;
victory near Adrianople, 300;
wars against the Goths and Sarmatians, 300;
weight of taxation, 301;
character of his reign, 302;
his Christianity, 302;
his increasing irritability, 303;
causes his son Crispus to be executed, 303;
founds Constantinople, 303;
his buildings, 327.

_Constantine_, JUNIOR, son of Constantius, iii, 304;
emperor of the _præfectura Galliæ_, 305;
dies, 305.

_Constantine_, an usurper, proclaimed Augustus in Britain, iii, 334.

_Constantinople_, the great fire in the fifth century had a most
ruinous effect on Greek literature, iii, 190;
its foundation, 303.

_Constantinus Porphyrogenitus_, ii, 251.

_Constantius_, Cæsar in the West, iii, 295;
the name of Chlorus is not to be found in contemporary writers, 295;
Augustus, 297;
his wife Helena, 298;
marries Theodora, daughter of Maximian, 298.

_Constantius_, Julius, half-brother of Constantine, iii, 303.

_Constantius_, son of Constantine, iii, 304;
receives the PRÆFECTURA ORIENTIS, 305;
war with Sapor, 305;
the most bearable of the three brothers, but swayed by his eunuchs,
305;
victorious against Magnentius, 306;
war against Julian, 309;
dies in Cilicia, 309;
his persecution of the Homoousians, 309.

_Constantius_, general of Honorius, iii, 334;
marries Galla Placidia, 335.

_Consualia_ were kept in August, i, 117.

_Consulars_ under Hadrian appointed to the jurisdiction of Italy, iii,
255.

_Consular armies_, their strength in the war of Hannibal, ii, 98.

_Consular election_ by the centuries not absolutely certain, i, 207.

_Consuls_ were first called _prætores_, i, 203;
etymology, 203;
the candidates in the earliest times proposed by the senate, 205;
had absolute sway extending from one mile beyond Rome, 235;
inaugurated on the first of August, 238;
elected by the curies, 242;
one of them elected by the centuries, 243, 260;
their office suspended during the rule of the decemvirs, 298;
their title introduced instead of that of prætors, 312;
their election restored to the centuries with the reservation of its
being confirmed by the curies, 313;
had the power of inflicting fines, 339;
one plebeian and one patrician consul, 403;
enter their office regularly in spring only after the Punic wars, and
in the last years of the republic in August, 407;
both might have been chosen from the plebeians, according to a law,
passed in the war of Hannibal, which was not acted upon, 432;
carried out only in the year 580, 432;
during the second Samnite war they enter upon their office in
September, 493;
had the power of deciding the number of auxiliaries, which the allies
had to furnish, 572;
have the right of appointing a dictator, ii, 33;
might freely dispose of the _manubia_, 184;
the privilege that one of the consuls should always belong to one
order, done away with in the war of Perseus, 190;
arrested by the tribunes, 226;
under Sylla a patrician and a plebeian, 387;
do not leave Rome during their year of office, owing perhaps, to a
regulation of Sylla, 396;
have the JUS RELATIONIS, iii, 119.

_Consus_, the god of counsel, i, 117.

_Copais_, lake, its drains choked up, i, 357;
at present merely a marsh, 358.

_Cora_ and _Pometia_ fall into the hands of the Auruncians, i, 222,
223;
Cora retaken, 344.

_Corbulo_, carries on war successfully against the Parthians, iii, 191;
executed, 192.

_Corcyra_, besieged by the Illyrians, ii, 47.

_Cordova_, Gonsalvo de, formed the Spanish infantry, ii, 259.

_Corfinium_, in the country of the Pelignians, under the name of
Italica, chief town of the Italian state, ii, 352;
takes its old name again, 358.

_Corinth_, well affected to Macedon during the war of Hannibal, ii,
145;
dependent on Macedon, 145;
the most flourishing of all the Greek towns, 153;
given up by the Achæans to Philip, 155;
restored to the Achæans, 162;
separated from Achaia, 250;
taken by Mummius, 255;
colony established there by Cæsar, iii, 74;
plundered and burnt by the Goths, iii, 280.

_Coriolanus_, placed in a wrong time, i, 244;
Cn. or C. Marcius, 244;
cannot have conquered Corioli, 244;
very likely of the lesser clans, 287;
his story as commonly told, 287;
his presenting himself to Attius Tullius entirely copied from the
visit of Themistocles to Admetus, 288;
centre of the emigrants, 291.

_Corioli_ destroyed, i, 275;
at first Latin town, afterwards Volscian, 288.

_Corneille_ forms the link between the antique and the classic in
French literature, ii, 292.

_Cornelia_, daughter of the elder Scipio, mother of the Gracchi, ii,
270.

_Cornelians_, Sylla’s body guard, ii, 390.

_Cornelius._ See Alexander, Cethegus, Cinna, Merula, Rufinus, Scipio,
Severus, Sylla.

_Cn. Cornelius_, general of the Romans, at a great disadvantage near
the Liparian isles, ii, 15.

_A. Cornelius Cossus_, consul, i, 425;
surrounded, 429.

_A. Cornelius Cossus_, military tribune, conquers Lars Tolumnius, i,
348.

_Cornelius Nepos_, a native of the country beyond the Po, i, 365;
his chronological accounts very highly valued, 365;
we have of him but the life of Atticus, iii, 126.

_Corn magazine_ established by C. Gracchus, ii, 296.

CORNU does not mean wing, but half, i, 440.

_Coronea_, burned to ashes, ii, 210.

CORPORALES RES, i, 179.

_Corporations_ come, in Italy, into the place of municipal
constitution, i, 120.

CORRECTORES, iii, 255.

_Corridors_, in the Roman houses without windows, lit up with
candelabras, ii, 349.

_Corsica_, settlements of the Carthaginians, ii, 5;
given up to the Romans, 46, 220.

_Cortez_, Ferdinand, iii, 64.

_Cortona_, its inhabitants not at all different from the neighbourhood,
i, 143;
peace with Rome, 509.

_Ti. Coruncanius_, the first plebeian pontifex maximus, i, 523;
enjoyed the reputation of profound wisdom and knowledge of law, 348;
his son, ambassador to Illyria, murdered, ii, 47.

_Cossus._ See Cornelius.

_Cothon_, harbour of Carthage, ii, 240.

_Cotta_, Roman consul, defeated by Mithridates, iii, 5.

_Cotton_, manufactures of, iii, 237.

_Council of state_, iii, 120;
under Hadrian, 231;
completely organized under Alexander Severus, 262.

_Court_, its exclusiveness begins to show itself under M. Antoninus,
iii, 246.

_Court days_, there were thirty-eight of them in the year of ten
months, i, 520.

_Craftsmen_, excluded from the tribes, i, 177.

_Crassus_, Roman governor, war in Mœsia, iii, 151.

_Crassus_, M. Licinius, consul, conqueror of Spartacus, ii, 404, 406;
reconciled to Pompey, 404;
victory near Petilia, 406;
not unlikely that he used Catiline for his own ends, iii, 14;
his connexion with Catiline very likely, 22;
has a bitter spite against Cicero, 35;
consul for the second time, 37;
finds his death in the war against the Parthians, 37;
congress at Lucca, 39.

_Crassus_, P. Licinius, general against Perseus, ii, 208;
defeated by him, 208.

_Crassus_, P. Licinius, father-in-law of C. Gracchus.

_Crassus_, P. Licinius, arises against Carbo, ii, 303;
his talent as an orator, 303;
goes over to the senate, 303;
put to death, 373;
is the first who sent for marble pillars from Greece, 395.

_P. Crassus_, son of M. Crassus, very intimate with Cicero, iii, 36.

_Crassus_, P. Licinius Mucianus taken prisoner by Aristonicus, ii, 267;
his rapacity, 267.

_Cremera_, the settlement of the Fabii on its banks an ἐπιτειχισμός
against Veii, i, 262.

_Cremona_, Roman colony, ii, 57, 75;
destroyed by the Boians, 165;
Latin colony, then a _municipium_, and at last a military colony,
101;
victory of Antonius Primus over the troops of Vitellius, 200.

_Crete_, independent, torn in factions, applies to Philip for his
mediation, ii, 148, 151;
its inhabitants were at all times robbers by land and by sea, iii, 9.

CRIMEN MAJESTATIS, iii, 173.

_Criminal causes_ had to be tried before the prætor, i, 404.

_Criminal law_, its principles among the ancients, i, 318.

_Crispians_, T. Quinctius, consul, defeated by Hannibal, killed, ii,
119.

_Crispus_, son of Constantine, executed, iii, 303.

_Critolaus_ at the head of affairs in Achæa, ii, 252;
his death, 254.

_Crixus_, leader in the Servile war, ii, 406.

_Cromwell_, a great question whether he was an honest fanatic or an
impostor, ii, 123; iii, 12;
the title of king had a great charm for him, 76;
wanted always to be guessed, 168.

_Croton_, i, 459, destroyed by the Romans, 567;
taken by Hannibal, which completes its ruin, ii, 107;
head-quarters of Hannibal, 134.

_Crustumeria_, i, 216.

_Ctesiphon_, near Seleucia, capital of the Parthian kings, iii, 108;
taken by Trajan, 220;
built by the Parthians to humble Seleucia, ii, 254;
taken and sacked by Severus, 254;
by its conquest the empire so much shaken, that its subjects thought
of freeing themselves from its yoke, 263;
centre of the Persian empire, 264;
is said to have been taken by Carus, 292;
strongly fortified in Julian’s time, 313.

_Cumæ_, i, 453;
its earliest history very obscure, 149;
was looked upon as wonderfully old, 150;
Etruscans throw themselves upon it, 214;
destroys the naval power of the Etruscans with the help of Hiero,
342.

_Cuman traditions_, i, 213.

_Cumberland_ has its name from the Cymri, traces of the Cymric language
were found there as late as a hundred years ago, ii, 322.

_Curia Hostilia_, the sunset was seen from its steps, i, 270.

_Curies_ condemned Manlius to death, pronounced the disgraceful
decision between the Ardeates and the people of Aricia, compelled
Camillus to go into exile, i, 94;
receive their names from the thirty ravished Sabine maidens, 117;
in Greek φράτραι, unions of clans in certain numerical proportions,
119;
intermediate link between the clans and the tribes, 161;
their turn decided by lot, 162;
it was permitted to get up and to speak in them, 184:
condemn Cassius, 257;
could transact business only on the _dies comitiales_, 269;
voted VIVA VOCE, 266;
no previous notice needed to be given, 269;
could not do business without a SENATUS CONSULTUM, 269;
meet for the last time, 542;
give their sanction beforehand to the decrees of the centuries, 446;
had originally the right of declaring war and peace, 340.

_Curies_ & _Centuries_ could be convoked only on certain days, i, 322.

_Curio_, C. Scribonius, highly gifted, is in vain led to better ways by
Cicero, iii, 26;
tribune of the people, 49;
bought over by Cæsar, 50;
takes the command in Sicily, 57;
killed in battle in Africa, 57;
falls out with the senate, because he wanted to have a month
intercalated for himself, 72;
Cicero assigns to him a high rank as a writer, 127.

_M. Curius Dentatus_, Roman general against the Sabines, i, 535;
quarrels with the senate, 537;
his poverty, 538;
refuses to take a greater share in the booty, 537;
draining of the lake Velinus, 538;
goes to Etruria, 546;
Roman general in the battle of Beneventum, 568.

_M. Curtius_ belongs to the time of Severus and Caracalla, writes in
imitation of Livy, iii, 276, 283.

_Curule Dignities_, no one should hold two of them at the same time, i,
433;
one could only be re-elected to it after the lapse of ten years, 433.

CURULIS MAGISTRATUS, who was allowed to make use of a carriage, i, 326;
CURULIS JUNO, 329;
CURULIS TRIUMPHUS, 329.

_Cyclades_, formerly belonging to Egypt, in an unsettled state, ii,
151.

_Cyclic poems_, iii, 132.

_Cyclopian_ walls, i, 146.

_Cymri_, or Belgians, not a mixture of Celts and Germans, as Cæsar has
it, i, 367;
probably the oldest inhabitants of Britain, 368;
their migration, 368; ii, 322;
in Basse Bretagne, iii, 42;
their original abodes, 42.

_Cynoscephalæ_, situation, ii, 157;
battle, 158.

_Cynthia_, mistress of Propertius, her true name is Hostia, iii, 137.

_St. Cyprian_, iii, 292.

_Cyprus_, the Phœnician settlements there are of very early date, i, 1;
Egyptian, 221; iii, 3.

_Cyrene_, colonized from Thera, i, 102;
Egyptian, ii, 221;
inscriptions in three languages found there, 310;
Cæsar there, iii, 66.

_Cythera_, the Phœnician settlements there later than those of Cyprus,
ii, 1.

_Cyzicus_, true to the Romans in the war of Mithridates, ii, 364;
besieged by Mithridates, iii, 6;
destroyed by the Goths, 284.

D

_Dacians_, war under Domitian, iii, 212;
the same race as the ancient Getæ, 212;
are rich, no barbarians, 212;
constitution, 212;
first war with Trajan, 218;
second war, 219;
freed by Maximin from the inroads of the barbarians, 268;
given up to the Goths, 285.

_Dagalaiphus_, iii, 315.

_Dalmatians_ subdued, ii, 220, 307;
campaign of Augustus against them, iii, 149;
reduced by Tiberius, 150;
revolt, 154.

_Dalmatius_, half-brother of Constantine, iii, 303.

_Dalmatius_, son of Dalmatius, iii, 304.

_Damasippus_, prætor, causes all the partisans of Sylla to be put to
death, ii, 381.

_Damaratus._ See Demaratus.

_Dante_ feels for the men of the Roman era, as an old Roman would have
done, i, 79; iii, 94.

_Daphnis_, a true Sicilian hero, iii, 131.

_Dardanus_, i, 96.

_Daughters_ could not convey gentilician rights, i, 112.

_Daun_, by no means an inferior general to Fabius, ii, 68.

_Dauphin_, son of Louis XV., iii, 172.

_Death_, the black death, iii, 241;
famine after it, 292.

_Debt_, bondage for debt without nexum, i, 233.

_Debt_, the Roman system of debts in later days entirely borrowed from
the Greek law, i, 388.

_Debtors_, law of debtors of Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Superbus, and
Valerius, i, 228;
that of Servius not contained in the _Jus Papirianum_, 228;
that of the patricians liberal, that of the plebeians strict, 228;
it was the general law of antiquity, that the borrower could pledge
himself and his family for debt, 228;
law of debtors of P. Licinius, 398.

_Debts_ regulated, i, 413.

_Decebalus_, greatness of his character, iii, 212;
peace with Domitian, 212;
first war with Trajan, 219;
his empire, 219;
conquered, 219;
second war, 219;
falls, 219.

DECEM PRIMI taken from the Ramnes, i, 124;
held the government when there was no king, 124.

DECEMVIRI CONSULARI POTESTATE LEGIBUS SCRIBUNDIS, i, 298;
five of the second decemvirs are plebeian, 299;
the first represented the _decem primi_ of the senate, 299;
the second a συναρχία after the pattern of the archons of Attica,
299;
their composition, 299;
those of the second year were probably chosen for several years, 306;
keep a guard of an hundred and twenty lictors, 307.

_Decemviri stlitibus judicandis_ first appointed in the century, i,
313.

_Decemvirs_ for the Sybilline books are half of them plebeians, i, 401.

_P. Decius Mus_, tribune, saves by his boldness the arm of Cn.
Cornelius Cossus, i, 429;
devotes himself to death in the battle near Veseris, 443.

_P. Decius Mus_, consul, in the third Samnite war, i, 525;
devotes himself to the infernal gods, 530.

_Decius_ Q. (C.), Messius (Quintus) Trajanus, born in Illyricum, iii,
272;
overcomes Philip in the neighbourhood of Verona, 273;
considered by the heathen writers a hero, hated by the Christian
ones, 273;
persecution of the Christians, 273;
relieves Nicopolis, 278;
defeated, loses his life, 278.

_Decuries_, i, 120.

_Decurions_, town magistrates, i, 120;
in Gaul, iii, 331.

DEDITIONEM FACERE, i, 212.

_Deguigne’s_ opinion on the earlier times of the Huns incorrect, iii,
317.

_Delia_, in Tibullus, her real name Plania, iii, 137.

_Delictum manifestum_, no trial required in case of one, ii, 297.

_Delos_, given up to Athens, ii, 164;
conf. Delphi.

_Delphi_ and Delos, the centre of union of the Hellenic world, i, 97;
the sending of the sons of Tarquinius thither a later invention, i,
198.

_Damaratus_ brings the fine arts to the Tyrrhenians in Etruria, i, 116;
a Bacchiades from Corinth, i, 133.

_Demesne_ in the occupation of the patricians, i, 227.

_Demetrias_ occupied by the Romans, ii, 163;
evacuated by them and occupied by the Ætolians, 171;
taken possession of by Philip, remains Macedonian until the fall of
that empire, 172.

_Demetrius II._, father of Philip, ii, 144.

_Demetrius_, son of Philip, hostage in Rome, ii, 161;
ambassador to Rome, 203;
favourable to the Romans, 203;
poisoned, 205;
delivers Andriscus to the Romans, 245.

_Demetrius_, the false, not an impostor, ii, 245.

_Demetrius_ Pharius, governor of Corcyra, gives up the island to the
Romans, ii, 47;
guardian to the king whilst a minor, 57;
conspires against Rome, 57;
commits piracy against the Cyclades, 57;
escapes to Macedon, 57.

_Demetrius Poliorcetes_, i, 198;
a great genius spoiled, 553;
allied with Ptolemy Soter, 553;
put in possession of the throne of Macedon, 554.

_Democracy_ established in Rome by the Hortensian law, i, 322.

Δῆμος equivalent to plebes, i, 166;
afterwards the whole mass of the people, 169.

_Demosthenes_, i, 248;
slander against him, iii, 79;
in him oratory is at its height, 275.

_Dempster_, led astray by Annius of Viterbo and Inghirami, i, 141.

_Denham._ See Clapperton.

_Diæus_ at the head of the affairs at Achaia, ii, 252, 254, 255.

DETERIOREM PARTEM SEQUI, i, 280.

_Dexippus_, his fragments, iii, 277;
heroism against the Goths, 280.

_Diadumenianus._ See Antoninus.

_Diana._ See Janus.

DICENEUS, iii, 212.

_Dictator_, law UT EI EQUUM ESCENDERE LICERET, i, 330;
formerly selected by the patricians out of a number of candidates
proposed to them, i, 415;
appointed by the consul, ii, 33.

_Dictatorship_, properly a Latin magistracy, i, 221;
the imperium for six months only, 221;
probably referred to a league with Latium only 221;
its object, 235;
fallen into disuse, ii, 303.

_Diderot_ ESSAI sur le règne de CLAUDE ET DE NÉRON, iii, 186.

DIES DIFFISUS, i, 270.

_Dimalus_, (double mountain,) capital of the Illyrians, ii, 57.

_Dinon_, ii, 219.

_Dio Cassius Cocceianus_, his careful language derived from Fabius, i,
20; ii, 63;
MSS., iii, 152;
Dio Chrysostom, probably his grandfather on the mother’s side, i, 61;
lives forty years in Rome and then retires to Capua, 62;
writes the history of Commodus, 62;
twice consul, 92;
spends twelve years in collecting materials, and ten in writing his
history, 62;
had a true vocation for writing history, 62;
draws from the very fountain-head, 62;
his character, 62;
no friend to tyranny, 63;
his style not free from faults, 63;
how much is still preserved of his works, 64;
Venetian MS. of the last books, 64;
editions, 66;
the seventieth book lost when Zonaras, and Xiphilinus made their
extracts, iii, 236;
his opinion of Seneca has much truth, but is exaggerated, 186.

_Dio Chrysostom_ has started the question of the existence of Troy, i,
94;
a native of Prusa, an author of uncommon talent, iii, 227;
his pure Atticism, 227;
character, 227.

_Diocles_, an unknown Greek writer i, 111.

_Diocletian_, emperor, murders Aper, iii, 290;
conquers Carinus, 291;
takes Maximinian as his colleague, 293;
cannot himself have been a slave, 293;
derivation of his name, 293;
his character, 294;
his system of government, 294;
resigns his dignity, 295;
resides in Nicomedia, 296;
reduces Egypt, 296.

_Diodorus Siculus_ contains many notices concerning Roman history,
which he can only have taken from Fabius, i, 20;
the later ones from Polybius, 38;
then from Posidonius and others, 38;
the Roman history is to him only a secondary affair, 47;
writes the ancient history in synchronistical order, 37;
concludes before the civil war to avoid giving offence, 37;
writes his history after Cæsar’s death, 38;
Scaliger’s opinion concerning the time in which it was written, 38;
his writings falsified, 38;
the halves of two books entirely wanting, 65;
uses Roman sources in the Greek language, 373;
his account of the Samnite war perhaps borrowed from Fabius or
Timæus, 493;
the Etruscan war from Fibius, 508;
his notices of Carthage probably from Timæus, ii, 2;
from Philinus of Agrigentum, 26;
has not read Nævius, 26.

_Diœceses_ of the Roman empire, iii, 294.

_Diomedes_, grammarian, iii, 323.

_Dion_, i, 575.

_Dionysia_, the feast of the vintage, i, 550.

_Dionysius of Helicarnassus_, publishes his history in the year 743, i,
39;
his rhetorical writings excellent, 39;
he is probably the person mentioned by Strabo under the name of
Cæcilius, 39;
his history comprises the period from the earliest times to the first
Punic war, 39;
Ἐκλογαὶ Διονυσίου, 39;
makes himself abridgment of his works, 39;
MSS. in existence of the first ten books, 39;
the eleventh book, 39;
editions and translations, 41;
character of his works, 43;
does not know Livy, 45;
the account of Naples falling into the power of the Romans, taken
from Neapolitan Chronicles, 46;
conf., iii, 141;
an accomplished critic and historian, 227;
at the time of the consuls he has more materials than he gives, i,
124;
observes that the Etruscan has no resemblance to the Latin, 142;
is mistaken as to the relative positions of the _plebs_ and the
_populus_, 172.

_Dionysius_, tyrant of Syracuse, i, 575;
peace with Carthage, 575;
and ii, 4.

_Dionysius_ the younger, i, 575; ii, 4.

_Diophanes of Mitylene_, friend of Tib. Gracchus, ii, 287.

_Dioscuri_ appear in the battle at the Regillus, ii, 217.

_Directory_, French, in the year 1799, ii, 379.

_Disproportion_ in the division by numbers avoided by the ancients, i,
46.

_Dittmarsch_, 3 × 10 houses, i, 161;
example from its history, 291;
the chronicles begin about a hundred and fifty years before the
conquest of the country, 202;
sudden wealth, ii, 189.

_Dium_, part of it set fire to by Perseus, ii, 211.

_Documents_ had no legal validity among the Romans, unless the accurate
date was affixed to it, i, 5.

_Dodona_, centre of union for the Pelasgian races, i, 97.

_Dodwell_ very seldom hits upon the right conclusion, i, 45;
often spoils by his subtleties what he has well begun, 106.

_Doges of Venice_, forty in five hundred years, i, 83.

_Dolabella_, son-in-law of Cicero, iii, 65;
quarrels with Antony, both of them equally bad, 70;
holds the province of Syria, 86.

_Dolabella_, P. Cornelius, i, 546;
falls upon the country of the Sennonian Gauls, 546.

_Dolopians_, Ætolian, ii, 151;
Macedonian, 203.

_St. Domingo_, insurrection under Jean François, ii, 205.

_Domitia_, wife, of Domitian, iii, 214.

_Domitianus_, T. Flavius, Vespasian’s younger son, iii, 200;
usurps the government in absence of his father, 201;
takes upon himself the command of Gaul, 204;
seeks the life of his father and brother, 209;
a very accomplished man, 209;
the paraphrase of the Phænomena of Aratus ascribed to Germanicus is
by Domitian, 209;
takes the name of Cæsar Germanicus, 209;
establishes the endowment for rhetoricians, 210;
institutes the AGON CAPITOLINUS, 210;
raises the pay of the army, 210;
his expedition against the Chatti, 211;
war against the Dacians, 212;
defeat, 212;
peace, 212;
takes the name of Dacius, 212;
his cruelty, 212;
stabbed, 214;
his buildings, 214.

_Domitius_, Cato’s brother-in-law, iii, 37.

_Domitius Ahenobarbus_ commands the fleet of Brutus and Cassius, iii,
96;
carries on the war under his own auspices, 105;
unites himself with Asinius Pollio, 105;
reconciled to Antony, 105.

_Domitius Ahenobarbus_ crosses the Elbe for the first time in Bohemia,
iii, 152.

_Cn. Domitius_, ii, 308.

_Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus_ transfers the nomination to the pontificate
and other priestly offices from the Colleges to the tribes, ii, 342.

_Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus_, Nero’s father, iii, 189.

_L. Domitius Ahenobarbus_, general of Pompey, iii, 53;
besieged by Cæsar in Corfinium, 54.

_Donatists_ support the Vandals in Africa, iii, 337.

DONATIVUM, the first to the soldiers given by the emperor Claudius,
iii, 182;
the custom given up, 315.

_Donatus_, father of the Latin grammar, iii, 323.

_Double state_ in Rome, i, 122.

_Drakenborch_, i, 57.

_Drepana_, excellent harbour, ii, 30;
discomfiture of the consul Claudius there, 32.

_Droit d’Aubaine_, i, 167.

_Druids_, rulers of the Gauls, i, 575;
and iii, 44.

_Drusus_, Nero Claudius, younger son of Livia, iii, 145;
wars in Germany, 153;
unfortunate for Germany, 153;
his death, 153;
his monument on the Rhine, 153;
a first-rate general, 156;
is said to have asked Augustus to restore the republic, 171.

_Drusus_, son of Tiberius, iii, 160;
delivers the funeral oration for Augustus, 161;
suppresses the mutiny of the troops on the Rhine, 169;
his wife Livilla, 175;
poisoned, 175.

_C. Duilius_, naval victory of Mylæ, ii, 15;
his triumph and honours, 15.

_M. Duilius_, tribune, proclaims an amnesty, i, 319;
refuses in the name of the tribunate to accept any votes, 325.

_Duker_, i, 57.

_Duris of Samos_, i, 532.

DUUMVIRI NAVALES, i, 498;
this dignity abolished, 549, note.

_Dyme_ taken by the Romans, ii, 146.

_Dyrrachium_, iii, 58.

E

_Earthquake_, i, 536;
in the year of the battle at the Trasimenus, ii, 92.

_Ebb_ and flow of the tides almost unknown to the Romans, iii, 45.

_Eburones_ rise against the Romans, iii, 46.

_Ecbatana_, iii, 265.

_Ecetræ_, the south-eastern capital of the Volscians, i, 274.

_Echetus_, prince of the Sicilians in Epirus, i, 100.

_Eckhel_, his worth as a critical historian, iii, 265.

_Eclipse_, in Cicero de R. P., fifteen years before the Gallic
conflagration, seen at Gades, i, 7;
from it, all the preceding ones are calculated backward, 8;
that in the year 350, the first one really observed, which occurred
in the annals, 83.

_Ecnomus_, battle, ii, 19.

_Ecthlipsis_, ii, 198.

_Edetanians_, inhabitants of Valencia, ii, 71.

_Edicts_, imperial, iii, 231.

EDICTUM PERPETUUM, iii, 231.

EDOCERE PLEBEM, i, 270.

_Egeria_, wife of Numa, melts in tears at his death, and gives his name
to a well, springing from them, i, 125.

_Egnatius Gellius_, leads the Samnites to Etruria, i, 527;
falls, 532.

_Egnatius Rufus_, tumult, iii, 118.

_Egypt_, the eighteenth dynasty of Manetho is historical, i, 7;
had a white population before conquered by the Æthiopians, ii, 5;
extent of the empire in Asia and Europe, 145, 147;
at war with Syria, 145;
retains Cœlesyria, 145;
on friendly terms with Rhodes, 148;
its extent at the end of the seventh century, iii, 2;
its manufactures very flourishing under Hadrian and the Antonines,
237.

_Egyptian towns_, in Asia Minor, abandoned by Philip, apply to
Antiochus for aid, ii, 167.

_Elagabalus_, god of the sun, iii, 260.

_Elagabalus_, corruptly Heliogabalus, iii, 260;
bore also the names of Avitus, M. Aurelius Antoninus, Bassianus, 260;
priest of the god Elagabalus, 260;
character, 260;
adopts Alexianus (afterwards Alexander Severus), 261;
killed, 261.

_Elatea_ besieged by Flaminius, ii, 155.

_Elbe_, Roman armies go up the Elbe, iii, 154.

_Elections_, transferred from the people to the senate, iii, 169.

_Elective princes_, Newton assigns seventeen years as an average for
the reign of each, i, 83.

_Eleans_, independent and leagued with the Ætolians, ii, 151;
separate state, 163.

_Elephants_ opposed by burning arrows, i, 568;
may have been introduced from India, ii, 23, note;
brought to Rome, 28.

_Elis_, the history of its constitution offers a close parallel to that
of Rome, i, 306, note.

_Embassy_ to Athens to collect the Greek laws, ii, 295, note.

_Embolon_, ii, 18.

_Embratur_ (imperator), the highest magistrate of the confederation, i,
422.

_Emesa_, aerolites which fell in the neighbourhood worshipped, iii,
260;
battle, 286.

_Emigrations_, if not too extensive, will not weaken a country, iii,
42.

_Emissarius_ of Alba still preserved, i, 108.

_Empresses_ exercised a baleful influence upon morals, iii, 218.

_Enchelians_, about the fortieth olympiad, burst into Greece, and
plunder Delphi, i, 146.

_England_, the war against France in the year 1793 popular again, then
unpopular, then again, in the years 1798 and 1799, popular in the
highest degree, i, 475.

_English_, the English in the colonies learn English, after having in
childhood spoken the language of the creoles, iii, 232.

_English government_ claims a veto in the election of the Irish (Roman
Catholic) bishops, i, 242;
the Chancellor decides in Equity, 255.

_English Rebellion_, the Irish Papists and Scotch Presbyterians,
overpowered by Cromwell, join the old cavaliers, living abroad with
the royal family, i, 225;
the liberties of the Dissenters greater immediately after the
revolution than they were twelve or fifteen years before, 225.

_Enna_, the community slaughtered by the Romans, ii, 116.

_Q. Ennius_, composes his annals about the commencement of the war with
Perseus, i, 23;
division of his work, 23;
accompanies M. Fulvius Nobilior into the Ætolian war, 24;
born in 513, and died 583, 24;
his vanity, 24;
fragments extant bespeak a poetical spirit, 24;
his history of the kings taken from Livy, 24;
his fragments collected by Hieronymus Columna, and Paul Merula, 25;
a Roman citizen, ii, 197;
friend of Scipio Fulvius Nobilior and the first men, 197;
his metres, 198;
introduces the hexameter, 198.

_Epagathus_, the ringleader of the mutiny against Ulpian, iii, 263.

_Ephesus_ falls to the lot of Syria, ii, 148;
the residence of Antiochus, 167.

_Epictetus_, a truly great man, iii, 239.

_Epicydes_, emissary to Hieronymus from Hannibal, ii, 114;
the chief power placed in his grasp, 116.

_Epidamnus_, dependent on the Romans, ii, 48.

_Epidaurus_, embassy to the temple of Æsculapius, i, 537;
snakes kept there, 537.

_Epidius Marcellus_, one of the tribunes, takes the diadem from the
statue of Cæsar, iii, 76.

_Epipolæ_, a quarter of Syracuse, ii, 117.

_Epirotes_, their conjunction with the Pelasgians, i, 96;
less skilled than the Greeks in steering their ships, 556.

_Epirus_, Pelasgian, but hellenized, i, 458;
the power of the kings very much limited, as in Lacedæmon, 552;
very likely fallen into the hands of Neoptolemus, a son of Alexander
the Molossian, 553;
the Æacidæ extirpated, ii, 151;
republic, 151;
revenge of the Romans against the Epirotes, 215.

Ἐπιτείχισις, i, 349.

_Epitaph_ of the Scipios, i, 91.

_Epitome_ of Livy, perhaps nothing more than a collection of the heads
which were written in the margin, i, 58;
bears the name of Florus, inappropriately, 58;
conf., iii, 323.

_Epos_, conditions of its success, iii, 132.

_Equestrian centuries_, i, 180.

_Equestrian order_, its census, i, 298.

_Equites_, the statement of their pay having been lowered improbable,
i, 435;
probably they got a fixed pay, 435;
bankers, 515.

_Era_ of the beginning of the consulship originates undeniably with
Gracchanus, i, 34.

_Eratosthenes_, ii, 199.

_Erbessus_, the arsenal of the Romans, ii, 11.

_Erinna_, poem on Rome, i, 110, note.

_Ernesti_, i, 73.

_Erythræ_, a free town, i, 183.

_Eryx_, (Monte San Giuliano,) ii, 9;
mastered by the Romans, 35;
by Hamilcar, 36.

_Etesian gales_, in the Mediterranean, blow from fifty to sixty days
until the dog days, iii, 64.

_Etruscans_ have two sorts of sæcula, i, 83;
monuments, 141;
an indigenous people, call themselves Rasena, 142;
traditions of Herodotus and Hellanicus concerning them, 142;
had an aristocratical constitution, 145;
came down from the Alps, 145;
part of them subject to the Romans, 186;
absurd to think that they were forced by the Gallic conquest to
retire from the plain into the Alps, 145;
are said to have taken three hundred Umbrian towns, 146;
have once inhabited Switzerland and the Tyrol, 146;
settle first in twelve towns in Lombardy, 147;
found or enlarge twelve towns in the Apennines, 147;
the extension of their sway belongs to the age of the last kings of
Rome (Olymp. 60 to 70), 148;
found Capua, 148;
decline in the beginning of the fourth century, 148;
their war against Cumæ is mythical, 150;
passage over the Tiber, 250–280, 150;
a king reigns in each of their towns, 151;
assembly of their towns near the temple of Voltumna, 151;
in common enterprises a king chosen, whose supremacy all the others
acknowledged, 151;
one city often usurped the leadership, 151;
the twelve cities send to Tarquinius Priscus the insignia of
leadership, some say, to Servius Tullius, 151;
they have all the distinguishing features of an immigrating people,
152;
the oligarchical form of government makes them powerless against
Rome, 152;
territorial aristocracy with vassals, 152;
unfavourable accounts of them in circulation among the Greeks, 153;
a people of priests, devoted to soothsaying, especially from
meteorological and astronomical phenomena, 153;
show themselves unwarlike, 154;
their luxury, 154;
their books dated too early, 192;
king of each town had a lictor, 221;
their naval power destroyed by the people of Cumæ, 342;
fighting against the Gauls, 390;
the Etruscan league dissolved, 390;
declare against Rome, 499;
the good faith with which they keep their truces, 505;
armed after the Greek fashion, 507;
take the Gauls in their pay, 526;
defeated near the lake Vadimo, 547;
probably get favourable conditions from Rome, when the latter is
threatened by Pyrrhus, 561;
have a law of their own, 572;
are during the Social war a short time under arms, ii, 350, 358;
get the franchise, 358;
their connection with the Romans, 358;
Sylla takes away from them the right of citizenship, 382.

_Etruscan fortifications_, i, 147.

_Etruscan inscriptions_ are all found in the interior of the country,
i, 144.

_Etruscan literature_, decidedly older than that of the Romans, i, 155;
the value of their books known only from the Veronese scholia on the
Æneid, 191.

_Etruscan language_, entirely different from Latin, i, 136;
explained in the most arbitrary manner, 142.

_Etruscan vases_, i, 134.

_Eubœa_, well affected to Macedon during the war of Hannibal, ii, 145;
dependent on Macedon, 151;
a separate state, 163.

_Eucheir_ and _Eugrammos_ accompany Damaratus from Corinth, i, 135.

_Eucherius_, son of Stilicho, iii, 332.

_Eudamidas_, a son of his is nominal king of Sparta, ii, 145.

_Eudoxia_, wife of Valentinian, forced to marry Petronius, iii, 342;
invites Genseric to Rome, 342.

_Eudoxia_, daughter of Valentinian, iii, 341.

_Euganeans_, friendly to the Romans, ii, 56.

_Eugene_, Prince, reads the order, not to fight, after the battle only,
i, 508.

_Eugenius_, TRIBUNUS NOTARIORUM, Emperor, iii, 321.

_Eugrammos._ See Eucheir.

_Eumenes_, son of Attalus, ii, 163;
rules only over Pergamos and some Ionian and Mysian towns, 178;
becomes a great king, 183;
hostile to Philip, 203;
complains of Perseus to the Romans, 207;
comes to Rome, 207;
attacked by assassins at Delphi, 208;
espouses the interests of Perseus, 211;
his brother implores for him the mercy of the Romans, 221.

_Eunapius_, iii, 327.

_Eunuchs_, iii, 305.

_Eunus_, leader of the slaves in Sicily, ii, 265.

_Eutropius_ seems to have made an epitome of an abstract of Livy, i,
59;
iii, 323.

_Eutropius_, eunuch, iii, 329.

_Evander_, the founder of learning and civilization among the Italians,
i, 110;
inventor and teacher of the use of letters, 111;
has his palatium on the Palatine, 116.

_Excerpta de Legationibus, de Virtutibus et Vitiis, de Sententiis_, i,
65, 66.

_Exile_ is no punishment, does not imply the loss of citizenship, i,
305.

_Eximere diem_, i, 270.

_Extravagance_ of Titus’s times has something whimsical and repulsive
in it, iii, 208.

F

_Faber_, Tanaquil, i, 57.

_Fabian family_, very accomplished, i, 15.

_Fabii_, represent the Tities, i, 259;
reconciled to the plebeians, 262;
declare that the agrarian law must be granted to the plebeians, 262;
their settlement on the Cremera, 262;
their destruction, 262;
have a gentilician sacrum on the Quirinal, 264;
three Fabii sent as ambassadors to the Gauls, and afterwards chosen
as military tribunes, 373.

_Fabius, Cæso_, elected consul by the plebeians, i, 262.

_Fabius Dorso_, is said to have offered in the sight of the Gauls a
gentilician sacrifice on the Quirinal, i, 381.

_Q. Fabius Gurges_, son of Rullianus, i, 533.

_Q. Fabius Maximus Allobrogricus_, ii, 308.

_Q. Fabius Maximus_, commander in the second Punic war, ii, 62;
his character, 67;
dictator, 94;
saves Minucius, 97;
Hannibal’s opinion of him, 110;
his opposition to Scipio, 132;
conf. 67.

_Fabius Maximus Rullianus_, seems to have written his own history, i,
15;
his character, 482;
conquers the Samnites, 483;
condemned to death by Papirius Cursor, 484;
victorious as consul, 485;
unfortunate in the battle of Latulæ, 494;
proclaims Papirius Cursor dictator, 501;
gains a victory near Allifæ, 501;
relieves Sutrium, 508;
march through the Ciminian forest, 509;
conquers the Etruscans at Perusia, 509;
combines the Libertini into four _tribus urbanæ_, 522;
takes from thence his surname Maximus, ii, 67;
conducts the war in Samnium, i, 525;
proceeds to Sentium, 529;
his strategy, 530;
obtains permission to go out as legate to his son, 534.

_Fabius Maximus Servilianus_, an annalist of note, i, 21.

_Fabius Pictor_, his history written in Greek, i, 15;
was ambassador to Delphi, 18;
wrote the history of the war of Hannibal, 19;
Polybius taxes him with partiality to the Romans, 19;
writes against Philinus, 19;
his work held in exceedingly high estimation, 19;
one of the sources of Ennius, 24, 518, ii, 199;
his work a summary of the two first Punic wars, 62;
wrote Ol. 148, 1 (565 A. U. C. according to Cato), i, 400;
statements in Appian, taken from Fabius, ii, 62.

_Fabius Pictor_, the painter, painted the temple of Salus, i, 18, 498;
must have been familiar with the Greek language and manners, 19;
his son ambassador to Alexandria, 19.

_Fabius Pictor_, Numerius, spoken of by Cicero, i, 21.

_Fabius Pictor_, Servius, mentioned by Cicero, i, 27;
probably ought to be Sextus Fabius Pictor, 28.

_Fabius Rusticus_, i, 58; iii, 186.

_Fabius Valens_, iii, 195, 196.

_C. Fabricius Luscinus_, the first instance of a Greek town (Thurii)
having raised a statue to a Roman, i, 546;
taken by the Samnites, 550;
friendship of Pyrrhus, 563;
consul, 565.

_Fabricius_, Fr., Life of Cicero, iii, 83.

_Fabricius_, POETÆ CHRISTIANI, iii, 325.

_Factio Barcina_, ii, 61.

_Factio forensis_, i, 516.

_Fadilla_, sister of Commodus, iii, 248.

Φαίσολα, ii, 353.

FÆSULÆ, ii, 383.

_Falerii_, a Tuscan town, i, 121;
destroyed, ii, 44.

_Faliscans_, come to the aid of the Vaientines, i, 348;
are Volscians, 361;
had a language of their own, 361;
war of the Romans against them, ii, 44.

_Families_, exclusive families become quickly extinct, i, 140.

_Family principles_ and characters hereditary, ii, 280.

_Family records_, i, 93.

_Family events_ noted in Bibles, i, 5.

_Family policy_, iii, 107.

_Famine_, breaks out in Rome, i, 337.

_Fannius_, i, 36;
his memoirs, ii, 309.

_C. Fannius_, ii, 271;
consul, 303.

_L. Fannius_, envoy of Sertorius to Mithridates, ii, 408.

_Fano_ (FANUM FORTUNÆ), defeat of the Germans, iii, 287.

_Farnese_, Pietro Luigi, i, 198.

_Fasti_, the Romans had an era, A REGIBUS EXACTIS, i, 5;
gap in them, 206;
interpolated, 206.

_Fasti Capitolini_, i, 9, 68, 69.

_Fasti triumphales_, i, 9.

_Fausta_, daughter of Maximian, wife of Constantine, iii, 298;
the report of her having been suffocated in a bath is untrue, 303.

_Faustina_, the daughter of Antoninus Pius, wife of M. Antoninus, iii,
240;
her share in the rebellion of Cassius a fiction, 244;
her letters, 244;
takes advantage of the weakness of M. Antoninus, 246.

_Faustulus_, i, 113.

_Fehmern_, law of inheritance there, i, 302.

_Female sex_, its degeneracy and profligacy in Rome, iii, 187.

_Fenestella_, i, 34.

_Feragosto_, iii, 115.

_Ferentarii_, i, 441.

_Ferentina_, her grove the place of assembly for Latin towns, i, 129.

_Ferentines_, seem to have declared for Hannibal, whilst on his march
to Capua, ii, 107.

_Ferentinum_, a place formerly Hernican, i, 344.

_Ferentum_, a Hernican town, i, 247.

_Ferguson_, not capable of any deep inquiry, i, 4, 72.

FERIÆ AUGUSTÆ, iii, 115.

_Feriæ Latinæ_ do not originate with a Tarquinius, but with the LATINI
PRISCI, i, 185;
afterwards an assembly of all the Latin nations, 196, 451;
the whole of the Roman magistracy present at the solemnity, ii, 351.

_Feronia_, feast of the Ausonian peoples at her temple, i, 350.

_Ferucci, Francesco_, his achievements at the siege of Florence by
Charles V., ii, 235.

_Festus_, very trustworthy on the subject of Roman antiquities, as he
makes extracts from Verrius Flaccus, i, 130; iii, 323.

_Fetiales_, form of their demand, i, 126;
their number twenty, 131

_Feudal system_, i, 252;
in the kingdom of Marbod, iii, 55.

_Fezzan_, under Trajan, was Roman, iii, 221.

_Ficanians_, i, 171.

_Ficulea_, i, 391.

_Fidenæ_, holds out against the Sabines, i, 121;
a Tyrrhenian town, expels the Roman COLONI, 347;
throws itself into the arms of Veii, 347;
destroyed, 348.

_Fidenæ_ and _Ficulea_ send out armies against Rome, i, 391.

_Fides_, a goddess of great importance among the Romans, i, 229.

FIDES PUNICA cannot be entirely denied, i, 579.

_Fiducia_, i, 522.

_Fimbria_, C. Flavius, legate to Valerius Flaccus in the Mithridatic
war, murders him, ii, 376;
destroys Ilium, 376;
takes away his own life, 377.

_Finance department_, its place in the Forum Ulpium, iii, 223.

_Fir-Bolgs_, in Ireland, not old Belgians, but a Danish colony, i, 99;
form the third immigration in Ireland, 99, note;
the Cyclopian walls in Ireland attributed to them, 99.

_Flaccus._ See Valerius.

_Flaccus_, Etruscan historian, i, 193.

_Flaccus_, M. Fulvius, chosen tribune, ii, 288;
appointed triumvir for the establishing of colonies, 301;
takes resolute steps, 305;
killed, 306.

_Flaccus_, M. Fulvius, consul, hinders Hannibal from surprising the
city, iii, 112;
his cruelty to Capua, 113.

_Flamininus_, L. Quinctius, brother of Titus, his cruelty, ii, 190;
Cato expels him from the senate, 190.

_Flamininus_, T. Quinctius, consul, marches against Philip, ii, 153;
well imbued with Greek learning, 154;
conquers by means of the treason of Charops near the _Fauces
Antigoneæ_, 154;
unites with the Ætolians, 155;
besieges Alatea, 155;
battle of Cynoscephalæ, 157;
is too irritable, 161;
peace with Philip, 161;
freedom granted to the Greeks at the Isthmian games, 162;
sullies his fame, 172;
lends himself to the office of demanding from Prusias the giving up
of Hannibal, 194.

_Flaminian_ highway lengthened, ii, 200.

_C. Flaminius_, tribune, his bill for the division of the _Ager
Gallicus Picenus_, ii, 50;
gains a battle against the Insubrians, for which he is unjustly
reproached with bad generalship, 56;
consul, 87;
his law concerning the owning of ships by senators and their sons,
88;
charges against him, 88;
battle of Trasimenus, 92;
falls, 93.

_Flamma._ See M. Calpurnius.

_Cn. Flavius_, Scriba, i, 516, 520;
inscribes the days on which _legi agi posset_, on a tablet of plaster
(ALBUM), 520;
publishes the FORMULÆ ACTIONUM, 521;
ædile, 521;
reconciles patricians and plebeians, 521.

_Flavius._ See Fimbria.

_Flavius._ See Sabinus.

_Fleury_, ecclesiastical history, iii, 309.

_Florence_, before the revolution in 12th century, there were hundred
BUONI UOMINI, i, 120;
has three times four and twenty houses, 161;
its seven old guilds, 168;
the guilds the ruling power in the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries, 168;
the coat of arms of the city and of the commonalty placed side by
side, 168;
_Capitano di parte_ and _capitano del popolo_, 168;
the Guelphs and the Ghibellines fight against each other in the
streets, 237;
the freemen of the district of Florence before the year 1530, 448;
ORDINANZA DELLA GIUSTIZIA, 542;
very likely risen as a military colony out of old Fæsulæ, ii, 384;
besieged by Radagaise, iii, 331.

_Florianus_, brother of the emperor Tacitus, iii, 288, note.

_Florus_, Roman history, i, 58;
speaks of the earlier wars with derision, 349;
is a _homo umbraticus_, 331;
lives in the reign of Trajan, 227;
opinion of his works, 227.

_Flue_, Nicholas von der, i, 125.

FŒDERATI, iii, 344.

_Fœnus unciarium_, i, 388;
contradiction between Livy and Tacitus cleared up, 388.

_Fog_ during the battle of the Trasimene lake, ii, 92;
common there at that time of the year, 92.

_M._ [_C._] _Fonteius_, murdered in Asculum, ii, 351.

_Formiæ_, to be derived from ὅρμος, i, 110, 453;
severely punished by the Romans, 466.

FORTES and SANATES, the clause referring to them in the Twelve Tables
applies to Tibur, i, 279.

_Fortifications_ of two kinds in central Italy, i, 146.

_Fortunes_ in Rome, ii, 192.

FORTUNA MULIEBRIS, corresponds to the FORTUNA VIRILIS, her temple in
the _Via Latina_, i, 244;
belongs to an earlier period than that of Coriolanus, 287.

_Forum_, was originally a marsh, i, 188;
the province of a præfect called forum, 450.

_Forum Appii_, i, 518.

_Forum Nervæ_, more correctly Forum Augustum, iii, 148.

_Forum Olitorium_, lay low on marshy ground, i, 518.

_Forum Palladium_, built by Domitian, iii, 214.

_Forum Ulpium_, iii, 223.

_Fossa Quiritium_, i, 188.

_Fox_, negotiation with Napoleon in the year 1806, i, 565.

_Franchise_, the system of its being given to the lowest slaves, put a
stop to by Augustus, iii, 122;
not always attended with exemption from taxes, 162;
the right extends over millions in the East, 235.

_France_, time of prosperity under Henry IV., i, 345;
the right side in the Chamber of Deputies, 516;
the national development, which always renews itself from the time of
Julius Cæsar, never understood by the French, iii, 286.

_Frankish kings_, their power consisted of the comitatus, i, 204.