Chapter IV

[126] _News and Courier_, Sept. 21, 1956, p. 1-B.

[127] According to a _News and Courier_ reporter, Eldridge
Thompson, Klan membership rocketed during 1956 and 1957.
In addition to Bickley’s organization the other principal
Klan groups are the Association of South Carolina Klans
with headquarters in West Columbia and the National Ku Klux
Klan of South Carolina which operates out of Greenville.
_Ibid._, Oct. 27, 1957, p. 12-A.

[128] _Morning News_, Aug. 21, 1955, p. 1

[129] _Ibid._, June 12, 1955, p. 1.

[130] _Ibid._, Mar. 25, 1956, p. 1; July 29, 1956, p. 1.

[131] _News and Courier_, Aug. 20, 1956, p. 2.

[132] _Morning News_, July 29, 1956, p. 1.

[133] _State_, July 26, 1957, p. 2-D; Aug. 5, 1957, p. 5-A;
Aug. 10, 1957, p. 1-B; Jan. 15, 1958, p. 1-B; Jan. 21,
1958, p. 1-B; Jan. 22, 1958, p. 1; _Record_, Aug. 3, 1957,
p. 1; Aug. 9, 1957, p. 1; Jan. 15, 1958, p. 8-A; Jan. 22,
1958, p. 1; Jan. 23, 1958, p. 1.

[134] _Morning News_, July 1, 1956, p. 4-A; _Independent_,
Jan. 27, 1956, p. 4; _News and Courier_, June 11, 1954, p.
4-A; June 17, 1954, p. 12-A.

[135] _Independent_, Feb. 3, 1956, p. 4.

[136] _Morning News_, Aug. 23, 1955, p. 1.

[137] _News and Courier_, Aug. 30, 1955, p. 8-A.

[138] _Ibid._, Aug. 1, 1957, p. 8-A.

[139] _Morning News_, July 16, 1954, p. 1.

[140] _Ibid._, July 21, 1954, p. 1; July 17, 1954, p. 4.

[141] _Ibid._, Aug. 6, 1954, p. 4; _News and Courier_, Oct.
8, 1954, p. 4-A.

[142] _Morning News_, Mar. 11, 1955, p. 1.

[143] _News and Courier_, Feb. 4, 1955, p. 11-A.

[144] _Morning News_, Mar. 22, 1955, p. 4; June 11, 1955,
p. 1; Aug. 19, 1955, p. 4-A.

[145] _Ibid._, Aug. 12, 1955, p. 9-A; June 17, 1955, p. 1.

[146] _News and Courier_, July 8, 1955, p. 10-A.

[147] _Ibid._, Aug. 13, 1955, p. 8-A.

[147] _Ibid._, July 1, 1955, p. 14-A; Feb. 10, 1957, p.
13-A.

[149] _Ibid._, Sept. 9, 1955, p. 14-A.

[150] _Record_, Dec. 29, 1955, p. 1; _News and Courier_,
Dec. 31, 1955, p. 6-A.

[151] _News and Courier_, May 26, 1955, p. 14-A; Mar. 18,
1956, p. 2-C; Oct. 4, 1955, p. 8-A.

[152] _Ibid._, Sept. 15, 1955, p. 1; Sept. 16, 1955, p. 1;
Sept. 17, 1955, p. 1.

[153] S. C. Senate _Journal_ (1956), pp. 248-249.

[154] _Morning News_, Feb. 11, 1956, p. 7.

[155] _News and Courier_, Sept. 23, 1955, p. 10-A.

[156] _Record_, Sept. 6, 1955, p. 1.

[157] _News and Courier_, July 1, 1956, p. 14-C. By
this date there were councils in the counties of Aiken,
Allendale, Bamberg, Beaufort, Calhoun (2), Charleston (6),
Clarendon (3), Darlington (4), Dorchester (2), Fairfield,
Florence (7), Georgetown, Jasper, Kershaw, Lee (2),
Lexington, Orangeburg (9), Richland (2), Spartanburg,
Sumter and Williamsburg (7).

[158] By February 1957 there were 58 local councils in
South Carolina. By this time leadership in the state
organization had changed. Thomas D. Keels of Sumter was
state chairman, Dr. W. M. Croswell of Timmonsville,
vice-chairman and H. L. Bowling of Elloree, treasurer.
_News and Courier_, Jan. 18, 1957, p. 1-B; Feb. 15, 1957,
p. 10-A.

[159] _Ibid._, July 1, 1956, p. 14-C.

[160] _Ibid._, Feb. 24, 1957, p. 2-A.

[161] _Ibid._, Mar. 4, 1957, p. 12.

[162] _Morning News_, Aug. 30, 1955, p. 1.

[163] _News and Courier_, July 1, 1956, p. 14-C; Jan. 9,
1956, p. 12.

[164] _Ibid._, May 6, 1956, p. 1.

[165] _Ibid._, May 27, 1956, p. 14-A.

[166] _Record_, Jan. 27, 1956, p. 1. Another indication
of the support given the Council was the resolution
unanimously adopted by the state legislature commending the
formation of the Councils and offering the legislators’
“approval and encouragement” to the movement.

[167] _News and Courier_, Aug. 31, 1955, p. 10-A; Oct. 6,
1955, p. 6-A.

[168] _Morning News_, Aug. 16, 1955, p. 12.

[169] _Ibid._, Aug. 28, 1955, p. 1.

[170] _Record_, Feb. 11, 1956, p. 1.

[171] _News and Courier_, Oct. 10, 1955, p. 1.

[172] _Morning News_, Aug. 17, 1955, p. 12; Aug. 21, 1955,
p. 3-A.

[173] This summary of the Orangeburg boycott was taken
largely from Edward Gamarekian, “The Ugly Battle of
Orangeburg,” _Reporter_, XVI (Jan. 24, 1957), 32-34, and
an article written by W. D. Workman, Jr., in the _News and
Courier_, Dec. 3, 1955, p. 1-E; see also _Record_, Apr. 13,
1956, p. 2-A.

[174] Gamarekian, _loc. cit._, pp. 32-34.

[175] _Morning News_, Jan. 25, 1956, p. 7; S. C. House
_Journal_ (1956), p. 101.

[176] _Record_, Mar. 26, 1956, p. 1.

[177] _Ibid._, Apr. 7, 1956, p. 1.

[178] _Morning News_, July 18, 1956, p. 6.

[179] Gamarekian, _loc. cit._, pp. 32-34.

[180] _Record_, Aug. 25, 1955, p. 4-A.

[181] _News and Courier_, Aug. 31, 1955, p. 10-A.

[182] _Ibid._, Aug. 24, 1955, p. 10-A.