Chapter IX

[454] _News and Courier_, July 18, 1955, p. 6-A; Sept. 21,
1956, p. 15-A; Mar. 27, 1957, p. 10-A.

[455] _Morning News_, July 1, 1956, p. 4-A.

[456] _News and Courier_, June 30, 1956, p. 10-A.

[457] _Ibid._, June 17, 1955, p. 12-A.

[458] _Ibid._, Jan. 26, 1957, p. 1-B.

[459] _Ibid._, Jan. 30, 1956, p. 12.

[460] _Ibid._, Apr. 15, 1955, p. 12-A.

[461] _Ibid._, May 12, 1956, p. 1; July 3, 1954.

[462] _Ibid._, Nov. 20, 1954, p. 14.

[463] _State_, July 15, 1957, p. 4.

[464] _News and Courier_, Aug. 1, 1957, p. 8-A.

[465] _Ibid._, Aug. 27, 1957, p. 8-A.

[466] _State_, Aug. 20, 1957, p. 4-A.

[467] _News and Courier_, Dec. 13, 1954, p. 8-A; July 3,
1955, p. 14-A; May 8, 1955, p. 14-A.

[468] _Ibid._, Mar. 3, 1955, p. 14-A; Dec. 18, 1956, p.
10-A.

[469] _Ibid._, Jan. 30, 1956, p. 12.

[470] _Ibid._, Aug. 2, 1956, p. 12.

[471] _Ibid._, Sept. 24, 1957, p. 8-A.

[472] _State_, Oct. 2, 1957, p. 1.

[473] _News and Courier_, May 8, 1955, p. 14-A; Oct. 29,
1954, p. 4-A.

[474] _Ibid._, July 13, 1955, p. 10-A; Feb. 19, 1956, p.
4-A; _Independent_, Mar. 11, 1956, p. 4.

[475] _News and Courier_, July 6, 1955, p. 1.

[476] _Ibid._, July 23, 1955, p. 4-A.

[477] _Ibid._, Sept. 24, 1957, p. 10-A. Much to the disgust
of many members of the faculty, the University of South
Carolina awarded David Lawrence an honorary degree in June,
1957.

[478] _Ibid._, Feb. 1, 1957, p. 1-B.

[479] _Record_, Apr. 9, 1956, p. 1.

[480] _Independent_, Apr. 10, 1956, p. 1; Apr. 13, 1956, p.
4; _News and Courier_, Apr. 11, 1956, p. 10-A.

[481] _News and Courier_, Feb. 6, 1957, pp. 1, 15-A; Feb.
27, 1957, p. 1.

[482] _Ibid._, Feb. 27, 1957, p. 1; Feb. 15, 1957, p. 1.

[483] _Ibid._, Feb. 28, 1957, p. 6-A.

[484] See Walter F. Murphy, “Some Strange New Converts to
the Cause of Civil Rights,” _Reporter_, (June 27, 1957), 13.

[485] Douglass Cater, “How the Senate Passed the
Civil-Rights Bill,” _ibid._ (Sept. 5, 1957), 9.

[486] _State_, Aug. 12, 1957, p. 1-B; Aug. 24, 1957, p. I;
_Independent_, Aug. 29, 1957, p. 1.

[487] _State_, Aug. 28, 1957, p. 1-B.

[488] _Ibid._, p. 1; Record, Aug. 28, 1957, p. 1.

[489] _Record_, Aug. 30, 1957, p. 1.

[490] _New York Times_, Aug. 31, 1957, p. 1; _State_, Aug.
30, 1957, p. 1; _Record_, Aug. 30, 1957, p. 1. Thurmond
maintained that only purpose of the filibuster “was to
arouse the American people.” He denied that he had broken
any agreement with his fellow Southern senators. He
contended that the caucus had agreed against an organized
filibuster but permitted each individual Senator to “oppose
the bill in his own way.” According to Thurmond, “Senator
Russell said it would be up to each Senator as to how long
he would talk, so a Senator was free to make a long speech
if he chose to do so. I chose to make a long one and told
Senator Russell in his office the following Wednesday that
I was going to make a long speech face.... I spoke 24 hours
and 20 minutes and do not think it was too long to talk
against such a dangerous bill.” _State_, Sept. 5, 1957, p.
1-D. Senator Johnston, nettled by the filibuster of his
colleague, sent out a circular letter to constituents which
by indirection slapped hard at Thurmond. Without comment
of his own, Johnston referred to the various criticisms of
Thurmond’s action made by his Senatorial colleagues from
the South.

[491] _Record_, Aug. 31, 1957, p. 1; _News and Courier_,
Aug. 31, 1957, p. 1.

[492] _News and Courier_, Aug. 31, 1957, p. 8-A; _Morning
News_, Aug. 31, 1957, p. 4; _State_, Aug. 30, 1957, p. 4-A.

[493] _Independent_, Aug. 31, 1957, p. 4.

[494] _Record_, Aug. 30, 1957, p. 3; _News and Courier_,
Aug. 31, 1957, p. 1.

[495] _State_, Sept. 26, 1957, p. 4-A. The _Record_
entitled its editorial comment on President Eisenhower’s
sending of troops to Little Rock: “General Eisenhower
Succumbs to Hysteria,” Sept. 25, 1957, p. 4-A. “Governor
Faubus chose to follow the course of ultimate legal
resistance. He made it clear that he would exhaust all
avenues of appeal to overturn the injunction,” commented
the _Morning News_, Sept. 22, 1957, p. 4. The _Independent_
praised Governor Faubus for standing up to the pressure of
Winthrop Rockefeller and other Arkansas businessmen who
allegedly tried to get him to submit to integration without
resistance and thus not discourage industrialists from
investing in Arkansas. The _Independent_ termed them the
“Don’t Rock-the-Boat-Crowd.” Sept. 17, 1957, p. 4; _ibid._,
Sept. 25, 1957, p. 4. Of South Carolina newspapers only
the weekly Cheraw _Chronicle_, which has been an editorial
voice of moderation in the state, censured Faubus.
“Whatever his motives, Governor Faubus must be curbed,” it
asserted. Quoted in _News and Courier_, Sept. 23, 1957, p.
12.

[496] _Record_, Sept. 28, 1957, p. 1. State Senator James
Hugh McFaddin of Clarendon County also resigned his
commission in the U. S. Army Reserve. In a letter to
President Eisenhower he wrote: “In good conscience I could
not obey the orders now being issued by you to bayonet
innocent people and to force school children to eat lunch
with undesirables, when the lunch is paid for by their
parents.” _Ibid._, Sept. 30, 1957, p. 1.

[497] _State_, Sept. 27, 1957, p. 1.

[498] _Ibid._, Sept. 25, 1957, p. 1-B. The _Washington
Post and Times Herald_ editorially blasted Johnston for
his remarks which it considered as seditious in character.
Cited in _Record_, Sept. 27, 1957, p. 3-A.

[499] _State_, Sept. 27, 1957, p. 1.

[500] _Ibid._, Sept. 26, 1957, p. 1-B.

[501] _Ibid._, p. 1.

[502] _Ibid._, p. 1-B.

[503] _Ibid._, Oct. 7, 1957, p. 1-B.

[504] _News and Courier_, May 17, 1956, p. 1-B.

[505] _Independent_, Mar. 29, 1956, p. 4.

[506] _Ibid._, May 14, 1956, p. 4.

[507] _News and Courier_, Feb. 25, 1956, p. 8-A;
_Independent_, Dec. 13, 1955, p. 8.

[508] _News and Courier_, Sept. 3, 1957, p. 10-A.

[509] _News and Courier_, Apr. 4, 1955, p. 12; July 1,
1956, p. 14-B; Mar. 8, 1955, p. 8-A.

[510] _Morning News_, Mar. 3, 1955, p. 8-A.

[511] _News and Courier_, Oct. 4, 1956, p. 1-B; Jan. 15,
1957, p. 1-B.

[512] _Ibid._, Jan. 16, 1957, p. 1-B.

[513] _Ibid._, Apr. 13, 1958, p. 10-B.