Chapter XVI

EFFECTS OF THE LAW OF 1906; JUDICIAL
INTERPRETATION, 1905-'10

Large number of complaints filed, 522.--Settlement of many
claims, 524.--Fewer new tariffs, 525.--Nature of complaints
analyzed, 526.--Misrouting of freight, 527.--Car supply
and classification rules, 527.--Exclusion from through
shipments, 529.--Opening new routes, 530.--Petty grievances
considered, 530.--Decisions evenly balanced, 532.--The
banana and lumber loading cases, 532.--Freight rate
advances, 534.--General investigations, 536.

Supreme Court definition of Commission's authority, 538.--The
Illinois Central car supply case, 538.--Economic v.
legal aspects considered, 540.--The Baltimore and Ohio
decision, 541.--The Burnham, Hanna, Munger case, 542.--The
Pacific Coast lumber cases, 543.--Decisions revealing
legislative defects, 546.--The Orange Routing
case, 546.--The Portland Gateway order, 547.--The
Commission's power to require testimony affirmed, 549.--The
Baird case, 549.--The "Immunity Bath" decision and the
Harriman case, 550.--Interpretation of the "commodity
clause," 552.--Means of evasion described, 553.

CHAPTER XVII

THE MANN-ELKINS ACT OF 1910

Prompt acquiescence by carriers, 557.--Opposition begins
in 1908, 557.--Political developments, 558. President
Taft's bill, 559.--Three main features of the new
law, 560.--Suspension of rate changes, 561.--Former
defective injunction procedure remedied, 562.--The
new long and short haul clause, 564.--Provision
for water competition, 566.--The new Commerce
Court, 566.--Congressional debates, 567.--Jurisdiction
of the new Court, 568.--Its defects, 569.--Prosecution
transferred to the Department of Justice, 570.--Liability
for rate quotations, 571.--Wider scope of Federal
authority, 572.--The Railroad Securities Commission,
573--Its report analyzed, 574.--The statute summarized, 578.

CHAPTER XVIII

THE COMMERCE COURT: THE FREIGHT RATE ADVANCES
OF 1910

The Commerce Court docket, 581.--The Commerce Court in
Congress, 582.--Supreme Court opinions concerning
it, 583.--Legal _v._ economic decisions, 586.--Law
points decided, 586.--The Maximum (Cincinnati) Freight
Rate case revived, 588.--Real conflict over economic
issues, 590.--The Louisville & Nashville case, 590.--The
California Lemon case, 592.--Broad _v._ narrow court review
once more, 593.

The freight rate advances of 1910, 594.--Their
causes examined, 595.--Weakness of the railroad
presentation, 596.--Operating expenses and wages
higher, 597.--The argument in rebuttal, 598.--"Scientific
management," 598.--The Commission decides adversely, 599.

CHAPTER XIX

THE LONG AND SHORT HAUL CLAUSE:
TRANSCONTINENTAL RATES

"Substantially similar circumstances and conditions"
stricken out in 1910, 601.--Debate and probable
intention of Congress, 602.--Constitutionality
of procedure, 603.--Nature of applications for
exemption, 604.--Market and water competition, 605.

The Intermountain Rate cases, 610.--The grievances
examined, 611.--The "blanket rate" system, 611.--Its
causes analyzed, 612.--Previous decisions
compared, 615.--Graduated rates proposed by the
Commission, 616.--The Commerce Court review, 620.--Water v.
commercial competition again, 620.--Absolute v. relative
reasonableness, 622.--Legal technicalities, 625.--Minimum
v. relative rates, 624.--Constitutionality of minimum
rates, 625.

CHAPTER XX

THE CONFLICT OF FEDERAL AND STATE AUTHORITY;
OPEN QUESTIONS

History of state railroad commissions, 627.--The legislative
unrest since 1900, 628.--New commissions and special
laws, 629.--The situation critical, 630.--Particular
conflicts illustrated, 631.--The clash in
1907, 632.--Missouri experience, 633.--The Minnesota
case, 634.--The Governors join issue, 634.--The Shreveport
case, 635.

Control of coastwise steamship lines, 638.--Panama Canal
legislation, 641.--The probable effect of the canal upon
the railroads, especially the transcontinental lines, 643.

INDEX 649

RAILROADS