Chapter VI: Italian Text (9)

(5) In virtue of its general grasp of the aim and method of the sciences a logic of science can at times offer advice to scientists: it may draw their attention to the general problems which their work involves, but which are apt to be overlooked by specialists, such as the claims of consistency and novelty and the regulation of risks (§ 36). Or, better still, if they will study it themselves, it may broaden their minds and enable them to handle these general problems for themselves far more effectively than a pure logician could do it for them.

(6) By abandoning its pretensions to rigour and conclusiveness logic does not really lose: it gains immensely by coming into contact with science and life, and becoming of use in the world.

INDEX

Abano: _see_ Peter of Abano.

Abercrombie, John, _Inquiries concerning the Intellectual Powers_,
249 _n._

Abi ‘Uṣaibia, Ibn, 227 and _n._ 4, 228 _n._ 5, 229.

Abu’l Faraj Gregory, cited, 228 _n._ 3.

Achillini, Alessandro, 95, 98, 105;
_Annotationes anatomiae_, 95 _n._ 4.

Adelphus, Johannes (J. A. Muelich), _Mundini de omnibus humani
corporis interioribus membris Anathomia_, 93 _n._ 3,
96 _n._ 2, 128 fig. 22.

Adrian IV, Pope, St. Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Agobard, St., of Lyons, on witchcraft, 191.

Agrippa, Cornelius, opposition to witch mania by, 214, 215.

Al Afdal, Sultan, 226.

Alberic the younger, Benedictine monk, of Monte Cassino, 21.

Albertotti, G., _Nuove osservazioni sul ‘Fasciculus medicinae’ del
Ketham_, 90 _n._ 3.

Albertus Magnus, 22, 32, 51, 113, 114.

Albigensian heresy, 192.

Alcoatim, anatomical work by, 121.

Alexander III, Pope, St. Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Alexander V, Pope, 99;
post-mortem examination on, 94.

Alexander of Neckam, 22, 23.

Alexander of Tralles, 182.

Alhazen, 122.

‘Ali ‘Abbas: _see_ Haly Abbas.

Al Qifty, _Classes Philosophorum et astronomorum et medicorum_, 229
and _n._ 3.

Al Tamimi al Muqaddasi, 231 _n._ 2.

Alva, Duke of, 221.

Ampère, cited, 21.

_Analecta Bollandiana_, 6 _n._ 2.

Anastasius IV, Pope, St. Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Anatomy in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, 79-86;
Bolognese works on anatomy, 92-7;
drawings of anatomical structures, &c., 44, 45, 46, 81, 83, 84,
87-91, 96, 105, 112, 114, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122, 127, 128,
129, 130, plates XVIII, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, XXXIV, XXXV, XXXVI.
_See also_ Manfredi, Hieronymo.

Anaximander, 257.

_Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Alterthumskunde und
Geschichtsforschung_, 13 _n._ 3.

Anstis, John, _History of the Garter_, 167.

Antipodes, the, mediaeval conception of, 22, 23.

_Anzeiger für Kunde der deutschen Vorzeit_, 12 _n._ 2.

Apocalypse, the, 20.

Aquinas, 51, 193.

Arabians, influence on early science and on medicine, 17, 18, 29, 84,
86, 92, 93, 115, 120, 121, 129, 225-34.

_Archaeological Journal_ (British Archaeological Association),
166 _n._ 1, 172 _n._ 3, 178.

Archimedes, 253.

_Archiv für die Geschichte der Medizin_, 38 _n._ 4, 44 _nn._ 4, 5,
45 _n._ 1, 87_nn._1, 3, 4, 89 _n._ 2, 114 _n._ 3, 121 _n._ 1,
122 _n._ 1, 127 _n._ 5.

_Archiv für die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik_,
121 _n._ 1.

_Archiv für die zeichnenden Künste_, 87 _n._ 5.

_Archiv für Pathologie_, 13 _n._ 4, 226 _n._ 1.

Argellata, Pietro d’, description of the examination of the body of
Pope Alexander V, 94 and _n._ 2.

Aristippus, translation of Aristotle’s _Meteorologica,_ 24 _n._

Aristotle, 288;
anatomical conceptions of, 46 _n._, 126, 127;
logic and dialectics, 238, 240, 243, 245, 248, 250, 252, 254, 255,
257, 259;
physiological theories, 50 _n._ 4, 60, 61, 71, 73, 75;
theory of the elements, 17, 25.
Works cited:
_Analytica posteriora_, 238, 245 _n._, 252 _n._, 257 _n._;
_De caelo et mundo_, 17;
_De partibus animalium_, 46 _n._ 1, 126 _nn._ 4, 5;
_Historia animalium_, 126 _nn._ 3, 4, 5;
_Meteorologica_, 24.

Armengaud de Blaise, Latin translation of Maimonides on Poisons,
226 _n._ 1.

Arnald of Villanova, charge of sorcery against, 193.

Astrology, 38, 47, 97, 98.

Athanasius, St., 4, 7.

_Atti e Memorie della R. Deputazione di Storia Patria per le Provincie
di Romagna_, 99 _n._ 2.

Augsburg, Peace of, 194.

Augustine, St., 17, 20, 51, 113, 198, 216.

Avempace, 17.

Averroes, 17, 95.

Avicebron, 17, 43 _n._ 1.

Avicenna, 17, 18, 86, 93, 94, 95, 101, 105, 113, 121, 122, 127, 129,
182.

Azzolino, first recorded case of dissection at Bologna, 92.

Bacher, W., _Moses ben Maimon_, 229 _n._ 1.

Bacon, Francis, _Natural and Experimental History_, 180.

Bacon, Roger, anatomical writings and drawings by, 113, 116, 121,
122, plate XXXVIII (_a_);
on the structure of the universe, 22.

Baillet, Dom Louis, 55 _n._;
_Les Miniatures du Scivias de sainte Hildegarde_, 7 _nn._ 1, 2,
12 _n._ 1.

Baker, F., cited, 79 _n._ 2.

Balgi, Vincenzo, cited, 30 _n._

Baluze, Étienne, _Miscellanea novo ordine digesta et non paucis
ineditis monumentis opportunisque animadversionibus aucta
opera ac studio J. D. Mansi_, 9 _n._

Bamberg, witch-burning in the bishopric of, 194, 204, 208-10, 212.

Barach, C. S., cited, 19 _n._ 2, 37 _n._ 1, 38 _n._ 1.

Baret, John, of Bury St. Edmunds, 172.

Bar Hebraeus, cited, 228, 229.

Bartholomaeus Anglicus (Bartholomaeus de Glanvilla), anatomical
drawings of, 80 fig. 1, 85 fig. 4;
_De Proprietatibus Rerum_, 129 _n._ 2.

Battandier, Albert, _Sainte Hildegarde, sa vie et ses œuvres_,
5 _n._ 3;
cited, 16 _n._ 3, 21 _n._ 3, 23 _n._ 5.

Bayford, Robert, _Enchiridion Medicum_, 181.

Beck, Theodor, _Die Galenischen Hirnnerven in moderner Beleuchtung_,
118 _n._ 1.

Bede, the Venerable, 22.

_Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters_,
113 _n._ 3.

Benedict, St., 4, 7.

Benivieni, Antonio, _De abditis nonnullis ac mirandis morborum et
sanationum causis_, 81 and _n._ 3.

Benjamin of Tudela, 20.

Bentivoglio, Annibale, 104.

Bentivoglio II, Giovanni:
Manfredi’s dedications to, 101, 103, 104, 105, 130;
portrait of, 104, plate XXXVII.

Bergson, Henri Louis, 285.

Berkshire, ancient custom concerning rings and the cure of epilepsy,
173.

Berlin: _see_ Manuscripts.

Bernard, Claude, 68.

Bernard of Chartres, 37 _n._ 1.

Bernard, St., abbot of Clairvaux, 4;
St. Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Bernard Sylvestris: _see_ Sylvestris.

Berners, Lord, _Cloister Life of Charles V_, 173 and _n._ 3.

Beroaldo, Filippo, 98, 99.

Berthelet, Thomas (printer), 129.

Bertuccio (professor of surgery at Bologna), anatomical demonstrations
by, 82, 94.

Bichat, X., 66.

Bingen, 2, 4, 7, 8, 12, 20.

Binsfeld, Peter, Bishop of Trèves, persecution of witches by, 197,
198, 222;
_Tractatus de confessionibus maleficorum_, 197, 198 _n._ 2,
222 _n._ 2.

Binz, Dr. K., biography of Dr. John Weyer, 189.

Biological theories, 59 ff.

Birth and death and the nature of the soul, Hildegard’s views on,
49, 50, plates XIX, XX.

Black Death, the, 193.

Blaise: _see_ Armengaud de Blaise.

Blake, William, 53.

Böckelheim, 2, 3.

Boethius, 17, 21.

Böhmer, J. H., _Ius ecclesiasticum_, 206 _n._ 2.

Boleyn, Anne, and the use of cramp-rings, 174, 175, 176.

Bologna, anatomical studies at, in the fifteenth century, 78, 79,
81 _n._, 82, 84;
anatomical works emanating from, 92-7;
astrology at, 97-8;
colleagues of Manfredi at University, 98;
Manfredi’s house, 99;
Medical Faculty at, 92;
Palazzo dei Bentivoglio, 104.

Boncompagni, Baldassare, _Della vita e delle opere di Gherardo
Cremonese, &c._, 17 _n._ 2.

Boniface, St., on witchcraft, 191.

Boniface VIII, Pope, 201.

Boorde, Andrew, on the blessing of cramp-rings, 176;
_Breviarie of Health_, ibid.;
_Introduction of Knowledge_, ibid.

Borelli, J. A., 68.

Bosco: _see_ Johannes Sacro Bosco.

Boselli, E., 55 _n._

Boswell, James, cited, 182.

_Botanik in kulturhistorischer Entwickelung_, 12 _n._ 2.

Bourdeaux: _see_ John of Bourdeaux.

Boyle, Robert, 32.

Bracara, synod of, 193.

Brand, J., _Popular Antiquities_, 173 _n._ 3.

Braun, Dr., torture of witches by, 208, 209, 210.

Brewer, J. S., _State Papers: Budaei Epistolae_, 173 _n._ 6.

Bristol: _see_ Manuscripts.

Brockelmann, K., _Geschichte der arabischen_ _Litteratur_, 225 _n._ 1,
228 _n._ 5, 229 _n._ 3.

Brown, Sir Thomas, on witchcraft, 214, 222, 223.

Budé, Guillaume, and the use of cramp-rings, 173, 174.

Buffon, _Histoire Générale des Animaux_, 66.

_Bulletin de la Société française d’histoire de la médecine_,
39 _n._ 2.

_Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital_, 79 _n._ 2.

Bunge, Gustav, physiological views of, 64.

Burnet, Bishop Gilbert, _History of the Reformation_, on the blessing
of cramp-rings, 174, 175, 177.

_Bury Wills_ (Camden Society), 172 _n._ 2.

Burzio, Niccolò, _Bononia illustrata_, 97 _n._ 4.

Cabalistic systems of the Jews, 20.

Caetani, Michelangelo, duca di Sermoneta, _La materia della Divina
Commedia di Dante Allighieri dichiarata in VI tavole_,
31 fig. 4.

Cambridge: _see_ Manuscripts.

Cardan, Jerome, 214.

Carpi, Giacomo Berengario da, 95-7, 105, 106;
_Anathomia Mundini_, 96 _n._ 1;
_Commentaria cum amplissimis additionibus super anatomia Mundini_,
96 _n._ 1.

Carpi, Hugo da, anatomical drawings of, 90.

Carpzov, Benedict, death-sentences on witches and sorcerers by, 206.

Cartesian physiology, principles of, 68.

_Cartulaire de l’Université de Montpellier_, 79 _n._ 1.

Cathari (Albigensian sect), persecution of, 4, 192.

Cavazza, Francesco, _Le Scuole dell’ antico studio bolognese_,
99 _n._ 3.

Caxton, William, story of Edward the Confessor and his ring in the
_Golden Legend_, 165-6.

Cervetto, G., _Di alcuni illustri anatomici italiani del decimoquinto
secolo_, 89 _n._ 2.

Chantilly: _see_ Manuscripts.

Charlemagne, laws of, regarding witchcraft, 191.

Charles I, 126 _n._ 2.

Charles II and the Royal Society, 274.

Charles V, Emperor of Germany and King of Spain, use of cramp-rings
by, 173.

Charms against diseases, 181, 182. _See also_ Cramp-rings.

Chartres, Bernard of: _see_ Bernard.

Chaucer’s use of the word ‘cramp’, 180.

Chauliac, Guy de, _Grande Chirurgie_, 81 _n._ 2, 82, 83 _n._,
84 _n._ 1, 94, 105, 121,
plates XXIX, XXX;
fourteenth-century post-mortem scene from, 81 _n._ 2.

Choulant, L., _Geschichte und Bibliographie der anatomischen Abbildung
nach ihrer Beziehung auf anatomische Wissenschaft und bildende
Kunst_, 87 _n._ 5, 89 _n._ 2.

Christian view of witchcraft: early times, 190, 191, 198, 216;
mediaeval age, 191-4, 201;
Reformation period, 190, 191, 194-6, 213, 220, 221;
later times, 195, 204, 222.

Chrysostom, St., 216.

Clement V, Pope, 201.

Clerval, A., _Les Écoles de Chartres au Moyen Âge_, 19 _n._ 2,
37 _n._ 2.

Cleves, Duke William of, 215, 220, 221, 224.

Cleves, witchcraft in the duchy of, 220.

Colle, Francesco Maria, _Storia scientifico-letteraria dello Studio
di Padova_, 82 _n._ 2.

Coloman, King of Hungary, on witchcraft, 191.

Como, witch-burning in the diocese of, 205.

Concoreggio, Giovanni da, _Lucidarium et Flos Medicinae_, 95 and
_n._ 1.

Conrad, Emperor, Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Conrad of Marburg, cited, 192 _n._ 6.

Constantine Africanus, medical writings of, 13, 16, 43, 121, 127;
_De communibus medico cognitu necessariis locis_, 44 and _n._ 2,
114 _n._ 1;
_De humana natura_, 45, 50;
_Pantechni. Theorice_, 127 _n._ 4.

Conybeare, F. C., _Key of Truth_, 192 _n._ 4.

Copenhagen: _see_ Manuscripts.

Copernicus, 43.

Copho of Salerno, _Anatomia porci_, 43, 44.

_Cotta’s Jubiläums-Ausgabe_, 8 _n._ 2.

Craigie, Dr., _History of Anatomy_, 93 _n._ 2.

Cramp, early use of the term, 180-2.

Cramp-rings, the blessing of, by the kings and queens of England,
165-87;
ceremonies of blessing cramp-rings used on Good Friday, 184-7;
office of consecration used by Queen Mary, 177-9, 182-4;
origin of the ceremony, 165, 179, 180, 182;
ceremonial observed, 167, 168, 171, 178, 179;
its disuse, 179, 180;
bequests of cramp-rings, 172, 176;
diseases covered by the word ‘cramp’, 180-2.

Crawfurd, Raymond: The Blessing of Cramp-rings; a chapter in the
history of the treatment of epilepsy, 165-87;
_King’s Evil_, cited, 171 _n._

Cremona, Gerard of: _see_ Gerard.

Cross, ceremonial of offering and creeping to the, 167, 168, 169.

Cuyer, E., _Histoire de l’Anatomie plastique_, 86 _n._ 2.

Dallari, Umberto, _I rotuli dei lettori legisti e artisti dello
studio bolognese dal 1384 al 1799_, 98 _n._ 1.

Dalton, J. C., _Doctrines of the Circulation_, 130 _n._ 3.

Damascenus, Johannes, 113.

Daniel, Book of, 20.

Dante, _Divina Commedia_, 23;
_Quaestio de aqua et terra_, 30 _n._;
scheme of the universe, 1, 21, 22, 23, 30, 31.

Daremberg, C., editor of _Liber subtilitatum_, 13;
_Œuvres anatomiques, physiologiques et médicales de Galien_,
118 _n._ 1.

Darwinian theory, 236, 242, 245, 257.

_Datura Stramonium_, or thorn-apple, 199.

_De caelo et mundo_, 17.

Delation, 202.

Demiurgus, the, 192.

Demoniacs, 199, 215-22.
_See also_ Witchcraft.

Denmark, witchcraft in, 222.

_De sagarum natura et potestate, &c._, 208 _n._ 1.

Descartes, biological theories of, 67, 68.

Devil, mediaeval views of the, 190, 192-4, 207, 216.

Devonshire, ancient custom concerning rings and the cure of epilepsy,
173;
charm against fits, 182.

Dewey, Professor John, 259.

Dialectical proof in relation to scientific discovery, 238.

_Dictionary of National Biography_, 230 _n._ 1.

Diefenbach, J., _Der Hexenwahn_, 195 _n._ 1, 221 _n._ 1.

Diogenes Laertius, 259 _n._

Disibode, St., Hildegard’s life of, 3.

Disibodenberg, convent of, 2, 42.

Dissection: _see_ Anatomy.

Dresden: _see_ Manuscripts.

Driesch, Hans, biological theories of, 62-4, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75;
_Analytische Theorie_, 62, 70, 75;
_Vitalismus_, 75.

Dryander, Johannes, _Anatomia_, 95 _n._ 3, 112.

Duval, M., _Histoire de l’Anatomie plastique_, 86 _n._ 2.

Edward the Confessor and his ring, story of, 165, 166.

Edward II and the blessing of cramp-rings, 167, 169.

Edward III and the blessing of cramp-rings, 169, 170.

Edward IV and the blessing of cramp-rings, 171.

Edward VI and the blessing of cramp-rings, 175, 177.

Ehrenberg: _see_ Philip of Ehrenberg.

Eibingen, 8.

Eleemosyna Rolls of Edward III, 169, 170.

Elements, mediaeval theories of the, 25-30.

Elizabeth of Schönau, visions of, 21, 22.

Ellis, Sir Henry, 178.

England, first printed map of, 99, 100.

Epilepsy and other spasmodic disorders, blessing of cramp-rings for
the cure of, 165-87.

Essling, Prince d’, _Les livres à figures vénitiens de la fin du
XV^e siècle et du commencement du XVI^e_, 89 _n._ 5.

Euclidean geometry, 239, 240, 250, 280.

Eugenius III, Pope, Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Eye, anatomy of the, 118-22.

Ezekiel, Book of, 20.

Fantuzzi, Giovanni, _Notizie degli scrittori bolognesi_, 97 _n._ 2,
99 _n._ 1.

Faust, magic feats of, 215, 216, 218.

Ferckel, Christoph, cited, 121 _n._ 1.

Ferrari, H. M., _Une Chaire de Médecine
au XV^e siècle; Un professeur à l’université
de Pavie de 1432 à 1472_, 86 _n._ 3.

Florence, Uffizi Gallery, painted representation of the Cross, 10,
11, plate X.

Fludd, Robert, _Historia utriusque cosmi_, 41 figs. 6, 7, 43;
_Philosophia sacra seu astrologia cosmica_, 42 fig. 8, 43.

Fonahm, A., cited, 86 _n._ 1, 130 _n._ 1.

Förner, Bishop, witch-burning by, 208.

Fortescue, Sir John, _Defensio Iuris Domus Lancastriae_, 171.

Fracastor, 43.

Frankfort, witchcraft at, 221.

Frati, Ludovico, _La vita privata di Bologna dal secolo XIII al XVII_,
84 _n._ 2.

Frederic Barbarossa, Emperor, Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Froissart, 173.

Fulda, witch-burning in the bishopric of, 194.

Fundis, Giovanni de, 98.

Gabotto, Ferdinando, _Bartolomeo Manfredi e l’Astrologia alla Corte
di Mantova_, 97 _n._ 4.

Galen, 17, 43, 44, 46 _n._ 1, 61, 67, 84, 86, 87, 97, 105, 110,
111 _n._, 113 and _n._ 2, 115, 118, 125, 126, 127, 128,
136 _n._, 182;
_De usu partium corporis humani_, 110 _n._ 1, 118 _n._ 2;
_De Hippocratis et Platonis decretis_, 118 _n._ 2;
illuminated codex of, 87, 88, plate XXXIV;
Περὶ ἀνατομικω̑ν ἐγχειρήσεων, 127 _n._ 1.

Galileo, 43.

Garbo, Tommaso di, 94.

Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, and the use of cramp-rings,
174, 175, 177.

Garrod, H. W., _Manili Astronomicon_, 39 _n._

Garter, Order of the, 178.

Gebeno, prior of Eberbach, mediaeval writer, 15.

Geffcken, J., _Dr. Johann Weyer_, 189 _n._

_Gentleman’s Magazine_, 169 _nn._ 1, 2, 173 _nn._ 1, 2, 4, 174 _n._ 1.

_Geographical Journal_, 99 _n._ 4.

George, John, prince-bishop, witch-burning by, 208.

Gerard of Cremona, scientific works of, 17, 18, 128.

Gerbi, Gabriele de (de Zerbis), 95, 98, 105;
_Liber Anatomiae corporis humani et singulorum membrorum illius_,
95 _n._ 2.

German block book (_Symbolum Apostolicorum_) of the fifteenth century,
39, plate XVII.

Gersdorff, Hans von, _Feldt- und Stattbüch bewerter Wundartznei_,
anatomical drawings, 129 fig. 23, 130 _n._ 2.

Gertrude of Robersdorf, visions of, 21.

Ghazali, Ibn, 51, 113.

Gilbert, William, 32.

Glanvilla, Bartholomaeus de: _see_ Bartholomaeus Anglicus.

Glaubrecht, O., _Die Schreckensjahre von Lindheim_, 204 _n._ 1.

Gloucester, Eleanor Cobham, Duchess of, charged with witchcraft, 193.

Gneyth Cross, homage paid to the, 168, 169, 170.

Godefrid, the monk, biography of St. Hildegard by, 5, 7, 51.

Goeje, M. J. de, _Catalogue of Arabic Manuscripts in the Library at
Leyden_, 228 _n._ 2.

Goelicke, A. O., _Introductio in historiam litterariam anatomes_,
81 _n._

Goethe, _Am Rhein, Main und Neckar_, 8 _n._ 2.

Golius, James, collection of Oriental MSS., 229, 230.

Good Friday, the hallowing of cramp-rings on, and offering and
creeping to the cross, 167-9, 171, 179, 184-7.

Gotch, F., on biological phenomena, 70, 71.

Grado, Giammatteo Ferrari da (Matthaeus de Gradibus), _Expositiones
super vigesimam secundam Fen tertii canonis Avicennae_,
86 _n._ 3;
_Practica_, ibid.

Great Schism, the, 193.

Greek dialectics, 237, 238, 259.

Greeks, biological speculations of the, 61.

Gregory VII, Pope, forbids inquisition for witches and sorcerers, 192.

Gregory IX, Pope, 6.

Gregory XI, Pope, 192 _n._ 6.

Gregory Nazianzen, St., 216.

Grimm, Wilhelm, _Wiesbader Glossen_, 5 _n._ 2, 8 _n._ 3.

Guibert, the monk, life of St. Hildegard by, 5 _n._ 3, 16 _n._ 3.

Guido de Vigevano: _see_ Vigevano.

Gurlt, E., _Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragenden Aerzte_, 103.

Guy de Chauliac: _see_ Chauliac.

Haeser, H., _Geschichte der Medizin_, 225 _n._ 1, 226 _n._ 10.

Haldane, J. S., on biological phenomena, 65, 66.

Haller, Albrecht von, _Bibliotheca anatomica_, 81 _n._, 103 _n._ 1.

Haly Abbas, 105, 113, 121, 127.

_Handbuch der Geschichte der Medizin_, 92 _n._ 4.

Hardouin, Jean (Harduinus), _Collectio regia maxima conciliorum
graecorum et latinorum_, 191 _n._ 1.

Harpsfield, Nicholas, _Historia Anglicana Ecclesiastica_, on the
blessing of cramp-rings, 179, 180.

_Harvard Studies in Classical Philology_, 18 _n._ 1.

Harvey, William, 32;
_Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis_, 126 _n._ 2;
_Prelectiones anatomiae universalis_, 126 and _n._ 1.

Haskins, C. H., cited, 18 _n._ 1.

Haupt, Moriz, _Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum_, 5 _n._ 2,
8 _n._ 3.

Head, anatomy of the, 106-18.

Heart, anatomy of the, 122-30.

Heavenly city, Hildegard’s vision of the, 54, plate XXV.

Heidelberg: _see_ Manuscripts.

Helmont, F. M. van, 68.

Helmreich, ΓΑΔΗΝΟΥ περὶ χρείας μορίων, 118 _n._ 1.

Henri de Mondeville: _see_ Mondeville.

Henrici, Professor, 55 _n._

Henry II (of England) and his consort, Hildegard’s hortatory letters
to, 5.

Henry IV and the blessing of cramp-rings, 170.

Henry VII and the blessing of cramp-rings, and the ceremonial of
touching for the evil, 167, 168, 172.

Henry VIII and the blessing of cramp-rings, 175, 176, 177.

Henschen, Godfrey, 8.

Heppe, H., _Geschichte der Hexenprocesse_, 191 _n._ 1, 192 _n._ 2,
193 _n._, 203 _n._ 3, 206 _nn._ 1, 2, 208 _n._ 4.

Heraclitus, 256.

Herbert, J. A., 55 _n._;
_Illuminated Manuscripts_, 10 _n._ 1.

Heresy and witchcraft, identification of, by the Church, 192-4, 201,
220, 221.

Hermann the Dalmatian, 17 _n._ 1.

Hermas, Shepherd of, 20.

_Hermes_, 24 _n._

Herrade de Landsberg, _Hortus deliciarum_, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27,
40 fig. 5, 42, 48 fig. 9, 55 _n._

Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of, present of cramp-rings by, 175.

Hilaire the Great, St., of Poitiers, 38 _n._ 4.

Hildegard, St. (1098-1180), The Scientific Views and Visions of, 1-55.
Biographical details, 2-6, 51-2;
bibliographical note, 6-12;
canonization, proposals for, 6;
correspondence, 3-5;
journeys, 4;
language, 12, 15, 16;
miniatures, 7, 8, 10-12, 34, 35, 49, 51, plates I, III, VI-IX, XI;
musical compositions, 3;
pathological basis of visions, 51-3;
patristic influence, 17;
sources of scientific knowledge, 15-22;
visions, 3, 7, 10, 11, 16 _n._ 3, 17, 20, 21, 22, 27, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 40, 43, 51-5.
Hildegard’s views on--anatomy and physiology, 14, 18, 30, 43-8;
astrology, 18, 34;
birth and death and the nature of the soul, 49-51;
elements, the, 25-30;
macrocosm and microcosm, 9, 16 _n._, 18, 19, 20, 30-43, 45, 51;
structure of the material universe, 8, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22-30, 39;
winds, 25-7, 34.
Works: _Ad praelatos Moguntienses_, 7;
_Explanatio regulae sancti Benedicti_, 4, 7;
_Explanatio symboli sancti Athanasii ad congregationem sororum
suorum_, 4;
_Expositiones evangeliorum_, 7;
_Ignota lingua_, 5, 7, 15 _n._;
_Ignotae litterae_, 7;
_Liber divinorum operum simplicis hominis_, 3, 7, 8-12, 14,
16 _n._, 18, 19, 20, 22 _n._, 24 _n._, 25, 27, 28, 30, 32,
34, 35, 36, 39 _n._, 40, 42, 51, plates V (_b_), VI, VII,
VIII, IX, XI;
_Liber epistolarum_, 7, 12;
_Liber orationum_, 7;
_Liber vitae meritorum per simplicem hominem a vivente luce
revelatorum_, 3, 6, 12, 14 _n._, 19, 20, 21;
_Litterae villarenses_, 7;
_Lives_ of St. Disibode and St. Rupert, 3, 7;
_Quaestionum solutiones triginta octo_, 4;
_Scivias_, 3, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14 _n._, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 _n._, 27,
28, 30, 34, 42 _n._, 49, 53, plates III, IV;
_Symphonia harmoniae celestum revelationum_, 7.
Spurious scientific works: _Beatae Hildegardis causae et curae_,
12, 14, plate V (_a_);
_Revelatio de fratribus quatuor mendicantium ordinum_, 15;
_Speculum futurorum temporum_, 15;
_Subtilitatum diversarumque creaturarum libri novem_, 13, 14.

Hippocrates, 218, 219.

Hirsch, A., _Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragenden Aerzte_, 103,
225 _n._ 1.

Hopstock, H., cited, 86 _n._ 1, 130 _n._ 1.

Horst, G. C., cited, 204, 205, 206;
_Dämonomagie_, 204 _n._ 1, 205 _n._, 206 _n._ 4;
_Zauberbibliothek_, 204 _n._ 1, 205 _n._

Hoton, Thomas de, rector of Kyrkebymisperton (Yorkshire), 172.

Hubrecht, A. A. W., 57.

Hugh of St. Victor, _De arca Noe mystica_, 20;
_De bestiis et aliis rebus_, 45 and _n._ 2, 46 _n._ 2.

Hunain ben Ishak, anatomical writings of, 120, 121.

Hundt, M., anatomical drawings of, 96 _n._ 2, 105;
_Antropologium, de hominis dignitate natura et proprietatibus_,
112 fig. 11.

Huntington, Robert, Bishop of Raphoe, 229, 230.

Husee, John, and the use of cramp-rings, 175, 176.

Hutchinson, F., _Historical Essay concerning Witchcraft_,
195 _n._ 3, 222 _n._ 2.

_Illustrations of the manners and expences of antient times in
England_, 177.

Innocent IV, Pope, 6.

Innocent VIII, Pope, bull of, concerning witchcraft, 193.

Institoris, H., _Malleus Maleficarum_, 194 and _n._, 201-3.

Isaac Judaeus, _Viaticum_, 44.

Isidore Hispalensis, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 27.

Italian miniatures, mediaeval, 10, 11.

James I, _Daemonologia_, 214.

Janssen, J., _Geschichte des deutschen Volkes_, 190 _n._, 212 _n._

_Janus_, 113 _n._ 2.

Jenkinson, John Wilfred: Vitalism, 59-78.

---- biographical notice of, 57-8;
list of books and papers by, 58;
portrait of, plate XXVI.

Jerome, St., 216.

Jessen, C., cited, 12 _n._ 2.

Jesu Aly, anatomical work by, 121.

_Jewish Quarterly Review_, 20 _n._ 2.

Jews, dissemination of scientific knowledge in the Middle Ages by,
17, 20.

Joan of Arc, 193.

Job, Book of, 24, 50, 216.

Johannes Sacro Bosco, 23.

John XXII, Pope, 6.

John of Bourdeaux, tract on the plague by, 102.

John of Peckham, anatomical writings of, 121.

Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 182.

Jong, P. de, _Catalogue of Arabic MSS. in the Library at Leyden_,
228 _n._ 2.

Joseph, H. W. B., _Logic_, 239 _n._

Jourdain, Charles, _Dissertation sur l’état de la philosophie
naturelle ... pendant la première moitié du XII^e siècle_,
19 _n._ 2.

_Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society_, 44 _n._ 5.

Judaeus: _see_ Isaac Judaeus.

Junius, John, burgomaster of Bamberg, account of his trial for
witchcraft, 209-12.

Justin Martyr, 216.

Kaiser, Paul, _Hildegardis causae et curae_, 12 _n._ 2.

Kant, _Critique of the Teleological Judgement_, 71-3, 75;
scheme of _a priori_, 250.

Keller, G., edition of Herrade de Landsberg’s _Hortus deliciarum_,
21 _n._ 4, 40 fig. 5, 48 fig. 9.

‘Ketham’, _Fasciculus medicinae_, anatomical drawings, 89, 90,
91 fig. 7, 96 _n._ 2, 117 fig. 17, plate XXVII.

Khalfa, Haji, bibliography of Arabic works, 228 _n._ 5, 229.

Kiesewetter, K., _Die Geheimwissenschaften_, 199 _n._ 2.

King’s Evil, touching for the, 167, 171, 172, 178.

Koning, P. de, _Traité sur le calcul_, 228 _n._ 5;
_Trois Traités d’Anatomie arabes_, 113 _n._ 1, 127 _n._ 3.

Kötzendörffer, Dr., torture of witches by, 208, 209.

Kraut, G., _Experimentarius medicinae continens Trotulae curandarum
Aegritudinum muliebrium ... item quatuor Hildegardis de
elementorum, etc._, 13 _n._ 1.

Laboulbène, A., _Les anatomistes anciens_, 92 _n._ 4.

Lactantius, 216.

Landsberg: _see_ Herrade de Landsberg.

Laplace, P. S., 66.

Laufer, Berthold, _Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Tibetanischen Medizin_,
44 _n._ 5.

Lavoisier, 66.

Lawrence, abbot of Westminster, 166.

Lea, H. C., _History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages_,
191 _nn._ 1, 2, 192 _nn._ 1, 3, 6, 193 _n._, 208 _n._ 2,
214 _n._

Lecky, W. E. H., on witchcraft, 223.

Leclerc, L., 227; _Histoire de la médecine arabe_, 226 _n._ 5,
229 _n._ 4.

Leersum, E. C. van, _Miniaturen der lateinischen Galenos-Handschrift
der kgl. öffentl. Bibliothek in Dresden_, 87-8 _n._

Leibnitz, 32, 68.

Leitschuh, Dr. F., _Beiträge zur Geschichte des Hexenwesens in
Franken_, 209 and _nn._ 1-3.

Lemgo, witch persecution at, 207.

Leonardo da Vinci: _see_ Vinci.

Lerida, public anatomies at, in the fourteenth century, 79.

Levy, Reuben: The _Tractatus de Causis et Indiciis Morborum_
attributed to Maimonides, 225-34.

Leyden: _see_ Manuscripts.

Linacre, Thomas, and the use of cramp-rings, 173, 174, 180.

Linde, Antonius van der, _Die Handschriften der Königlichen
Landesbibliothek in Wiesbaden_, 6 _n._ 3, 8 _n._ 1.

Lindheim, persecutions for witchcraft at, 204, 205, 206.

Lisle, Lady, and the use of cramp-rings, 175, 176.

_Lisle Papers_, 175 _nn._ 3, 4, 176 _nn._ 1-4.

Lockwood, D. P., _The Sicilian Translators of the Twelfth Century
and the First Latin Version of Ptolemy’s ‘Almagest’_,
18 _n._ 1.

Logical proof and scientific discovery, 235-89.

Lones, T. E., _Aristotle’s Researches in Natural Science_, 126 _n._ 5.

Louis VII, 5.

Lucca: _see_ Manuscripts.

Luciferans, or devil worshippers, sects of, 192.

Luther, Martin, 216, 224.

Lutherans, persecution of, 194, 195.

Luzzi, Mondino di: _see_ Mondino.

Macer, Floridus, 13.

Macray, W. D., _Annals of the Bodleian_, 229 _n._ 5, 230 _n._ 1.

Macrocosm, mediaeval and Renaissance theories of the, 32, 38, 43;
Hildegard’s views on, 9, 16 _n._, 18, 19, 20, 30-43,
plates VII, VIII.

Madrid: _see_ Manuscripts.

Magicians, 215, 218.
_See also_ Witchcraft.

Magnus, Dr. Thomas, and the use of cramp-rings, 174, 180.

Maimonides, the _Tractatus de Causis et Indiciis Morborum_ attributed
to, 225-34;
other works: Aphorisms, 232, 233;
on Asthma and on Poisons, 226;
_Tractatus de Morbo Regis Aegypti_, 226;
_Tractatus de Regimine, Sanitatis_, 226.

Malagola, Carlo, _statuti dell’ Università e dei collegi dello Studio
bolognese_, 79 _n._ 3.

Manfredi, Bartolomeo, anatomical drawing attributed to, 88,
plate XXXVI.

Manfredi, Giovanni, 99.

Manfredi, Hieronymo, professor of medicine at Bologna (1463-93):
account of his career, 97-9;
astrological studies, 97-9, 102, 103.
Manuscript _Anothomia_ of Manfredi, 103-64;
translation of selected passages, with commentary:
the brain, 107-15;
cranial nerves, 110, 111, 118;
eye, 118-22;
head, 106-18;
heart, 122-30;
skull, 106, 107;
Italian text of the _Anothomia_, 130-64.
Printed works, 99-103;
_Centilogium de medicis et infirmis_, 102;
_Editio princeps_ of Ptolemy, 99;
_Liber de homine: cuius sunt libri duo. Primus liber de
conservatione sanitatis (‘Il Perchè’)_, 101;
_Prognosticon ad annum 1479_, 98, 102;
_Prognosticon anni 1481_, 102;
_Tractato degno et utile de la pestilentia_, 101.
Other works attributed to Manfredi:
_Chiromantia secundum naturae vires ad extra_, 103;
_Ephemerides astrologicae operationes medicas spectantes_, 103;
_Quaestiones subtilissimae super librum aphorismorum_, 103.

Manichean heresy, 192.

Mansell, _Monumenta Ritualia_, 168.

Mansi, Giovanni Domenico, Archbishop of Lucca, 9.

Mantegna, Andrea, anatomical studies of, 86.

Manuscripts:
Berlin:
Al Qifty, _Classes philosophorum et astronomorum et medicorum_,
229 _n._ 3.
Bristol Reference Library:
French MS. of the _Grande Chirurgie_ of Guy de Chauliac, 84 _n._,
plate XXX (_b_).
British Museum:
Al Qifty, _Classes philosophorum et astronomorum et medicorum_,
229 _n._ 3;
Bacon, Roger, _De scientia perspectiva_, 116 fig. 14;
diagram of the eye, 122, plate XXXVIII (_a_);
cramp-ring made from offertory pennies, 173;
_De fundacione ecclesie Westm’_, 166;
Eleemosyna Rolls of Edward III, 169, 170;
Muhaḏḏib ed Din, _Delectus de Medicina_, fragment, 228;
Household Accounts of Henry IV, 170.
_Bury Wills_ (published by the Camden Society), 172 _n._ 2.
Cambridge, University Library:
Life of Edward the Confessor, 166, plate XXXIX.
Chantilly:
anatomical sketches from the MS. of Guy de Vigevano, 87,
plates XXXI, XXXII.
Copenhagen, Royal Library:
_Beatae Hildegardis causae et curae_, 12, plate V (_a_).
Dresden:
illuminated codex of Galen, 87, 88, plate XXXIV.
Heidelberg, University Library:
illuminated MS. of the _Scivias_ of St. Hildegard, 8,
plates III, IV.
Leyden, University Library:
Al Qifty, _Classes philosophorum et astronomorum et medicorum_,
229 _n._ 3;
Golius’s Oriental MSS., 230;
Muhaḏḏib ed Din, _Delectus de Medicina_, 228, 230.
London Society of Antiquaries:
Proclamation on the Creepyng of the Crosse, 169.

Lucca, Municipal Library: illustrated codex of the _Liber divinorum
operum simplicis hominis_ of St. Hildegard, 8-12, 22, 25, 28,
32, 34, 35, 39 _n._, 40, 42, plates V (_b_), VI-IX, XI.
Madrid, Escurial: Al Qifty, _Classes philosophorum et astronomorum
et medicorum_, 229 _n._ 3.
Montpellier, Bibliothèque de la Faculté de Médecine: French MS. of
the _Grande Chirurgie_ of Guy de Chauliac, 81 _n._ 2,
plate XXIX.
Munich, 87 _n._ 1.
Oxford, Bodleian Library: astrological work translated from the
Arabic by Hermann the Dalmatian, 17 _n._;
diagrams of internal organs, 87, 88;
dissection scene, _c_. 1298, 81, plate XXVIII (_b_);
‘Five Figure’ anatomical series, 44, 87 _n._, 88 fig. 6,
plates XVIII, XXXIII;
Hieronymo Manfredi, _Anothomia,_ 90, 103-6, 130-64;
Marsh’s Oriental MSS., 229;
Muhaḏḏib ed Din, _Delectus de Medicina_, 227, 228;
_Tractatus de Causis et Indiciis Morborum_, attributed to
Maimonides, 225, 227, 229, 231, 234, plate XLI.
Paris, Bibliothèque nationale: ninth-century MS. with diagram
showing relation of human and cosmic phenomena, plate XIV;
MSS. with figures illustrating signs of the Zodiac, 38, 39,
plates XV, XVI;
illustrating the anatomy of Henri de Mondeville, 87,
plate XXVIII (_a_);
Orders of the King of England’s household, 13 Henry VIII, 167,
168;
_Tractatus de Causis et Indiciis Morborum_, alleged copy, 225;
tracts by Maimonides, 225, 226, 227, 229, 234.
Pisa University Library (Roncioni MS.): anatomical drawings,
87 _n._ 4, 127 fig. 21.
Raudnitz: Library of Count F. Zdenho von Lobkowicz, anatomical
drawings, 87 _n._ 1.
Record Office, London: Wardrobe Accounts of Edward III, 170;
Account Books of Richard II, 170.
Rome, Vatican Library: Provençal translation of the _Grande
Chirurgie_ of Guy de Chauliac, 83 _n._, plate XXX (_a_).
Westminster, Library of the Roman Catholic Cathedral: Manual of
Queen Mary Tudor, 175, 177-9, plate XL.
Wiesbaden, Nassauische Landesbibliothek: works of St. Hildegard,
6-8, 9 fig. 2, 12 _n._, 14, 22, 23, 49, 51, 54, plates I-IV,
XII (_a_, _b_), XIII, XIX-XXV.

Manuscripts, illuminated, 7, 8, 10-12, 166, 177-9, plates I-IV,
V (_b_), VI-IX, XI-XIII, XIX-XXV, XXXIX, XL.

_Mappaemundi_, 22.

Marbod of Anjou, 13.

Marburg: _see_ Conrad of Marburg.

Marburg, Protestant University of, 221.

Marsh, Narcissus, Archbishop of Armagh, collection of Oriental MSS.,
229.

Martin, W., _Miniaturen der lateinischen Galenos-Handschrift der kgl.
öffentl. Bibliothek in Dresden_, 88 _n._

Martinotti, G., _L’insegnamento dell’ Anatomia in Bologna prima del
secolo XIX_, 92 _n._ 4, 103 _n._ 2.

Mary I, Queen, and the blessing of cramp-rings, 175, 177;
the Queen’s Manual, with the Office of Blessing, 175, 177-9;
miniature of, 177-9, plate XL.

Mathematics and scientific proof, 238, 239, 241, 255, 263, 269.

Mathews, Norris, _Early Printed Books and MSS. in the Bristol
Reference Library_, 84 _n._ 1.

Mayence Commission (1489), 8.

Mazzatinti, _Inventari dei Manoscritti delle Biblioteche d’Italia_,
103 _n._ 4.

Medici, Lorenzo de’, 104.

Medici, Michele, _Compendio storico della scuola anatomica di Bologna
dal Rinascimento delle Scienze e delle Lettere a tutto il Secolo
XVIII_, 92 _n._ 1, 103 _n._ 2;
_Della vita e degli scritti degli anatomici e medici fioriti in
Bologna dal comincio del secolo XIII_, 92 _n._ 1, 93 _n._ 1,
97 _n._ 1.

Meiningen, witch-burning at, 208.

Melancholia, 213, 217, 221.

‘Melothesia’, 38, 39 _n._., 41 figs. 6, 7, plates XV, XVI.

Messahalah, writings of, 19, 27, 30, 39 _n._ 3;
_De Orbe_, 17, 18, 29.

Metabolism, 60, 65, 68, 70, 76.

Methodological assumptions, 266, 267;
fictions, 251.

_Methodus medendi certa clara et brevis_, 44 _n._ 2.

Metz, witchcraft at, 215.

Meyer, L., _Die Periode der Hexenprocesse_, 199 _n._ 1.

Microcosm, mediaeval and Renaissance theories of the, 32, 38, 43;
Hildegard’s views on, 9, 16 _n._, 18, 19, 20, 30-43;
drawings, 42 fig. 8, plate VIII.

Migne, _Patrologia Latina_, 4 _n._, 6, 13 _n._ and ff.

Miniatures: miracles at the tomb of Edward the Confessor, in
Norman-French MS., 166, plate XXXIX;
of Queen Mary Tudor, 177-9, plate XL;
of St. Hildegard, 7, 8, 10-12, 34, 35, 49, 51, plates I, III,
VI-IX, XI.

Mirandola, Johannes Franciscus Picus, _Disputationes adversus
astrologos_, 98 and _n._ 3.

Molitor, U., _Tractatus de lamiis_, 222 and _n._ 1.

_Monatshefte der Comenius-Gesellschaft_, 189 _n._

Mondeville, Henri de, drawings of dissections in works of, 87,
plate XXVIII (_a_);
on the anatomy of the eye, 121;
writings of, 126, 128-9.

Mondino de Luzzi, professor of surgery at Bologna, 79, 82, 85, 86,
89, 90, 93, 94, 95, 96, 105, 106, 111 _n._, 113, 115, 118, 126,
130, 136 _n._

Mons, Count William of, 220.

Mons, witchcraft at, 220.

Monte Cassino, monastery of, 16, 21, 44.

Monteferrato, Giorgio di, collection of medical tracts by, 89.

Montpellier, anatomical teaching at, in the fourteenth century, 79,
94. _See also_ Manuscripts.

_Monuments et Mémoires publiés par l’Académie des Inscriptions et
Belles-Lettres_, 7 _n._ 1.

Moses ibn Tibbon, 226 _n._ 3.

Muelich, J. A.: _see_ Adelphus, Johannes.

Muhaḏḏib ed Din Abu’l Hasan Ali ibn Aḥmad, _Delectus de Medicina_,
227, 228, 230.

Müller, A., 227 _n._ 4.

Müller, Johannes, on vitalism, 65, 66.

Mûsa ibn Maimûn, 227, 231, 232, 234.

Myer, Isaac, _Qabbalah: the philosophical writings of Solomon ben
Yehudah ibn Gebirol_, 43 _n._ 1.

Nahe, river, 2, 3.

Nardi, Luigi, _Chartularium Studii Bononiensis_, 98 _n._ 1.

Neckam: _see_ Alexander of Neckam.

Neisse, persecutions for witchcraft at, 204, 205.

Nemesius, 51, 113.

Neoplatonism, 33, 37.

Neo-vitalism: _see_ Vitalism.

Newton, Isaac, 253.

Nicaise, E., _La Grande Chirurgie de Guy de Chauliac_, 82 _n._ 1,
121 _n._ 2.

Nicholas I, Pope, condemns torture of witches, 192.

Nicodemus, Gospel of, 20.

Nicoll, A., Catalogue of Oriental MSS. in the Bodleian Library,
230 _n._ 2.

Nixon, J. A., _A New Guy de Chauliac MS._, 84 _n._ 1.

Nordenskiöld, A. E., _Facsimile Atlas till Kartografiens äldesta
Historia_, 99 _n._ 4.

Nördlingen, torture of witches at, 213.

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, eighth Duke of, 176.

_Northamptonshire, Rare and Curious Tracts Illustrative of the
History of_, 195 _n._ 2.

Northumberland Household Book, cited, 168.

Norwich, Registry of Wills, 176 _n._ 5.

_Notes and Queries_, 175 _n._ 3.

Origen, 222.

Orioli, Emilio, _Chartularium Studii Bononiensis_, 98 _n._ 1.

Orlandi, P. A., _Notizie degli scrittori bolognesi_, 98 _n._ 2.

Osiander, Andrew, 8.

Oxford, Ashmolean Museum: drawing of dissection scene attributed to
Bartolomeo Manfredi, 88, plate XXXVI. _See also_ Manuscripts.

Padua, public anatomies at, in the fifteenth century, 79, 81 _n._, 82.

Pagel, J. L., _Die Anatomie des Heinrich von Mondeville_, 121 _n._ 3;
_Die Chirurgie des Heinrich von Mondeville_, 129 _n._ 1;
_Maimuni als medizinischer Schriftsteller_, 229 _n._ 1.

Painters, early Renaissance, anatomical studies of, 86.

Palladius, Peter, on the treatment of witches, 195.

Papenbroch, Daniel, 8.

Paracelsus, 32, 42, 43, 61, 214;
_Labyrinthus medicorum errantium_, 42 _n._

Paré, Ambroise, 214.

Paris, public anatomies at, in the fifteenth century. _See also_
Manuscripts.

Pascal, on principles of conscience, 200.

Pastor, L., _Geschichte des deutschen Volkes_, 190 _n._

Paulicians, the, of Armenia, 192 _n._ 4.

Pauline writings, 21.

Peckham: _see_ John of Peckham.

Pepys, Samuel, 181.

Peter of Abano, charge of sorcery against, 193.

Petrocello, psychological writings of, 114.

Petrus, Henricus, 44 _nn._ 2, 3, 114 _n._ 1.

Peyligk, K., anatomical drawings of, 96 _n._ 2, 105;
_Philosophiae naturalis compendium_, 116 fig. 15, 122 _n._ 2.

Philip of Ehrenberg, prince-bishop, witch-burning by, 208.

Philips, Mary, executed for witchcraft, 195.

Physicians, College of, 173.

Physiological theories, 59 ff.

_Physiologus_, 13.

Piot, Eugène, _Le Cabinet de l’amateur_, 90 _n._ 1.

Pisa: _see_ Manuscripts.

Pitra, Cardinal J. B., 16 _n._ 3;
_Analecta sacra_, 4 _n._ 4, 5 _n._ 1, 6, 12 _n._ 2, 14 _n._ 3,
19 _n._ 1, 20 _n._ 2, 21 _n._ 1.

Plague, Manfredi’s treatise on the, 101, 102.

Plato, 245, 255, 256, 259, 270, 288.

Pliny, 13.

Pocock, Edward, 230, 231 _n._ 1;
editor of Bar Hebraeus’s works, 228 _nn._ 4, 5.

Poincaré, M., _Science et Méthode_, 254 _n._ 1.

Pollaiuolo, Antonio, anatomical studies of, 86.

Polydore Vergil and the use of cramp-rings, 172, 180.

Poole, R. Lane, _Illustrations of the History of Mediaeval Thought
in the Departments of Theology and Ecclesiastical Politics_,
19 _n._ 2, 37 _n._ 4.

Porphyry, 38.

Porta, Baptista, 199.

Portal, A., _Histoire de l’Anatomie et Chirurgie_, 81 _n._

Post-mortem examinations in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries,
81, plates XXVIII (_b_), XXIX.

Power, Maura, _An Irish Astronomical Text_, 39 _n._ 3.

Prague, public anatomies at, in the fifteenth century, 79.

Pratzel, Dr. Veit, burnt for witchcraft, 206.

Pretorius, _Von Zauberei und Zauberern_, 203 _n._ 3.

_Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine,_ 81 _n._ 1.

_Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries_, 177-8.

Proof, logical, and scientific discovery, 235-89.

Protagoras, 259.

Psychoids, theory of, 64, 65, 68, 71, 73, 75, 76.

Psychology, mediaeval, 51.

Ptolemy, _Almagest_, 17, 18;
astronomy of, 264; Manfredi’s edition of the _Cosmographia_ and
_Tabulae Cosmographiae_, 99.

Pusey, E. B., Catalogue of Oriental MSS. in the Bodleian Library,
230, 231.

_Quaderni d’anatomia_, 86 _n._ 1.

Rabbinowicz, J. M., _Traité des Poisons de Maimonide_, 226 _n._ 1.

Rashdall, Hastings, _Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages_,
97 _n._ 3.

Ratdolt, Erhard, experiment in colour printing by, 90.

Raudnitz: _see_ Manuscripts.

_Regimen sanitatis Salerni_, 13, 18, 21.

Reisch, Gregorius, _Margarita philosophiae_, anatomical drawings,
117 fig. 18, 120 fig. 19, 122 and _n._ 2.

Remy, Nicholas, inquisitor of Lorraine, account of witch-trials,
196-8, 200;
_Daemanolatria_, 196, 200 _n._ 1.

Renaissance anatomy: _see_ Anatomy.

Renzi, S. de, _Collectio Salernitana_, 13 _n._ 1, 18 _nn._ 1-5,
39 _n._, 43 _n._ 2, 44 _n._ 1, 114 _n._ 2.

Reuss, F. A., 14 _n._ 1;
_De Libris physicis S. Hildegardis commentatio historico-medica_,
13 _n._ 3;
_Der heiligen Hildegard Subtilitatum diversarum naturarum
creaturarum libri novem, &c._, 13 _n._ 3.

_Revue des questions historiques_, 5 _n._ 3, 16 _n._ 3, 21 _n._ 3,
23 _n._ 5.

_Revue scientifique pour la France et pour l’Étranger_, 92 _n._ 4.

Rhazes, 93, 105, 110, 113, 120, 121, 127, 182;
_Almansur_, 110 _n._ 2.

‘Rheumatic rings’, 182.

Rhineland, spread of scientific knowledge in the, 17-20.

Richard II and the blessing of cramp-rings, 170.

Richardus Anglicus (Richard of Wendover), anatomical work by, 105,
121.

Rieu, C., _Supplement to the Arabic MSS. in the British Museum_,
228 _n._ 1.

Rivoli, Duc de, _Bibliographie des livres à figures vénitiens_,
90 _n._ 2.

Robersdorf: _see_ Gertrude of Robersdorf.

Robertson, J. M., _Letters on Reasoning_, 223 _n._ 2.

Rome: _see_ Manuscripts.

Rondelet, William, anatomizes his son, 81 _n._

Rose, Valentine, cited, 24 _n._

Roth, F. W. E., account of St. Hildegard, 5 _n._ 3;
_Lieder und unbekannte Sprache der h. Hildegardis_, 5 _n._ 2.

Rotterdam, witch-burning at, 219, 220.

Roux, Wilhelm, 63.

Rupert, St., Hildegard’s life of, 3, 7.

Rupertsberg, convent of, 2, 3, 8, 42.

Sacro Bosco: _see_ Johannes Sacro Bosco.

St. George’s Cross, 178.

St. Victor: _see_ Hugh of St. Victor.

St. Vincent of Beauvais, 191.

Salerno, 13, 18, 43, 44, 45, 93, 114.
_See also_ Copho _and_ Trotula.

Saliceto: _see_ William of Saliceto.

Sandys, J. E., _History of Classical Scholarship_, 19 _n._ 2,
37 _n._ 3.

Santini, U., _Cenni statistici sulla Popolazione del Quartiere di
S. Proclo in Bologna_, 99 _n._ 2.

Saphir ben Levi, Jacob, 226 _n._ 3.

Savoy, senate of, witches condemned by, 208.

Säxinger, J., _Ueber die Entwickelung des medizinischen Unterrichts
an der Tübinger Hochschule_, 79 _n._ 4, 81 _n._

Schiller, F. C. S.: Scientific Discovery and Logical Proof, 235-89;
_Formal Logic_, 236, 246 _n._ 2, 273 _n._, 274 _n._, 279 _n._,
285 _n._;
_Humanism_, 274 _n._;
_Studies in Humanism_, 274 _n._

Schmelzeis, J. P., _Das Leben und Wirken der heiligen Hildegardis_,
5 _n._ 2.

Schneider, A., _Die Psychologie Alberts des Grossen_, 113 _n._ 3.

Schönau: _see_ Elizabeth of Schönau.

Scientific discovery and logical proof, 235-89.

Scot, Reginald, _Discovery of Witchcraft_, 214, 223.

Scribonius, W. A., Professor of Philosophy at Marburg, on testing
witchcraft by water, 207.

Secker, Archbishop, 230.

Seidel, Ernst, _Drei weitere anatomische Fünfbilderserien aus
Abendland und Morgenland_, 44 _n._ 4, 87 _n._ 1.

Seneca, 32.

Serarius, Nicolaus, 8.

Sermoneta, duca di: _see_ Caetani, Michelangelo.

Seville, Isidore of: _see_ Isidore Hispalensis.

Seymour, Edward, Earl of Hertford: _see_ Hertford.

Shakespeare’s use of the word ‘cramp’, 181.

Shaw, Elinor, executed for witchcraft, 195.

Sidgwick, Alfred, cited, 247 _n._, 259.

Sighinolfi, Lino, _L’Architettura Bentivolesca in Bologna e il
Palazzo del Podestà_, 104 _n._

Signorelli, Luca, anatomical studies of, 86.

Sillib, Professor, 55 _n._

Simpson, Sparrow, 178.

Singer, Charles: A Study in Early Renaissance Anatomy, with a new
text: the _Anothomia_ of Hieronymo Manfredi (1490), 79-164.
---- The Scientific Views and Visions of Saint Hildegard, 1-55.
---- _Allegorical Representation of the Synagogue, in a Twelfth-
century Illuminated MS. of Hildegard_, 20 _n._ 2;
_Thirteenth-century Miniature illustrating Medical Practice_,
81 _n._ 1;
_The Figures of the Bristol Guy de Chauliac MS._, 84 _n._ 1.

_Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften_,
12 _n._ 2.

Smith, R., titular bishop of Chalcedon, 175.

Socrates, 259.

Soldan, W. G., _Geschichte der Hexenprocesse_, 191 _n._ 1, 192 _n._ 2,
193 _n._, 203 _n._ 3, 206 _nn._ 1, 2, 208 _n._ 4.

Solomon, Wisdom of, 21, 24, 28.

Sorbelli, Albano, _I Primordi della Stampa in Bologna_, 99 _n._ 4;
_La Signoria di Giovanni Visconti a Bologna_, 97 _n._ 1;
_Le Croniche Bolognesi del Secolo XIV_, 97 _n._ 1.

Sorcerers, 192-8, 200, 202, 204-6, 215.
_See also_ Witchcraft.

Soul, nature of the, biological definition of, 59-61;
Hildegard’s views on, 1, 50, 51.
_See also_ Vitalism.

Spee, Father, _Cautio Criminalis_, on trials for witchcraft, 204
and _n._ 2, 207 _n._ 2, 221 _n._ 2.

Spielmann, M. H., 55 _n._

Sponheim, 2, 3.

Sporley, Richard, monk of Westminster, 166.

Sprenger, J., _Malleus Maleficarum_, 194 and _n._, 201-3.

Stahl, George Ernest, 61.

Starling, Professor E. H., 70.

Steele, R. R., 55 _n._

Steinschneider, M., _Catalogus Librorum Hebraeorum in Bibliotheca
Bodleiana_, 226 _n._ 10, 231 _n._ 2;
_Die hebräischen Uebersetzungen des Mittelalters und die Juden als
Dolmetscher_, 226 _nn._ 3, 10;
_Gifte und ihre Heilung, eine Abhandlung des Moses Maimonides_,
226 _n._ 1.

Strabus, Walafrid, 13.

Strassburg, witch-burning at, 205.

Straub, A., edition of Herrade de Landsberg’s _Hortus deliciarum_,
21 _n._ 4, 40 fig. 5, 48 fig. 9.

_Studi e Memorie per la Storia dell’ Università di Bologna_,
92 _n._ 4, 103 _n._ 2.

Stumpff, F. G. A., _Historia nervorum cerebralium ab antiquissimis
temporibus usque ad Willisium nec non Vieussensium_, 118 _n._ 1.

Sudhoff, Karl, cited, 38 _nn._ 2, 5, 45 _n._ 1, 87 _n._ 4, 121 _n._ 1,
127 _n._ 5;
_Abermals eine neue Handschrift der anatomischen Fünfbilderserie_,
44 _n._ 4;
_Augendurchschnittsbilder aus Abendland und Morgenland_, 122 _n._ 1;
_Die kurze ‘Vita’ und das Verzeichnis der Arbeiten Gerhards von
Cremona, von seinen Schülern und Studiengenossen kurz nach dem
Tode des Meisters (1187) zu Toledo verabfasst_, 17 _n._ 2;
_Drei weitere anatomische Fünfbilderserien aus Abendland und
Morgenland_, 44 _n._ 4, 87 _n._ 1;
_Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Anatomie im Mittelalter_, 44 _n._ 4,
87 _n._ 2, 105 _n._;
_Eine Pariser ‘Ketham’ Handschrift aus der Zeit König Karls VI_,
89 _n._ 4;
_Illustrationen medizinischer Handschriften und Frühdrucke_,
122 _n._ 1;
_Neue Beiträge zur Vorgeschichte des Ketham_, 89 _n._ 4;
_Tradition und Naturbeobachtung_, 44 _n._ 4, 90 _n._ 4;
_Weibliche Situsbilder von ca. 1400-1543_, 90 _n._ 4;
_Weitere Beiträge zur Geschichte der Anatomie im Mittelalter_,
44 _n._ 5.

Sudhoff, Walther, _Die Lehre von den Hirnventrikeln_, 114 _n._ 3.

Suffolk charm against rheumatism, 182.

_Summi in omni philosophia viri Constantini africani medici operum
reliqua_, 44 _n._ 3.

Syllogism, the, as a form of proof, 238, 240-50, 253, 288.

Sylvestris, Bernard, of Tours, 37 _n._ 1;
_De mundi universitate sive megacosmus et microcosmus_, 17, 19, 20,
30, 32, 36, 38.

_Symbolum Apostolicorum_, 39 _n._ 1, plate XVII.

Taylor, H. Osborn, _The Mediaeval Mind_, 23 _nn._ 3, 5.

Techlenburg, Countess Anna of, 221.

Teleology, 64, 66, 71-3, 75-7, 94, 105.

Templars, the, charges against, 193, 199.

Tertullian, 216.

Theodoric, the monk, life of St. Hildegard by, 4, 5, 7, 13, 14,
15 _n._, 51.

Theophilus, psychological writings of, 114.

Thun, in Alsace, witch-burning at, 208.

Töply, Robert Ritter von, 92 _n._ 4;
_Anatomia Richardi Anglici_, 121 _n._ 1.

Torre, Marcantonio della, projected anatomical treatise of, 89.

Tralles: _see_ Alexander of Tralles.

_Transactions of the Seventeenth International Congress of Medicine_
(Sect. XXIII, History of Medicine), 27 _n._ 2, 38 _n._ 3,
84 _n._ 1.

_Tredici Foglie della Royal Library di Windsor_, 86 _n._ 1.

Trèves, witch-burning in the bishopric of, 194, 197, 198.

Treviranus, 62, 64.

Triaire, P., _Les leçons d’anatomie et les peintres hollandais aux
XVI^e et XVII^e siècles_, 89 _n._ 1.

Trinity, Hildegard’s vision of the, 54, plate XXIII.

Trithemius, Johannes, abbot of Sponheim, 8, 42;
_Chronicon insigne Monasterii Hirsaugensis, Ordinis St. Benedicti_,
15, 16 _n._ 1.

Trotula, medical writings of, 13.

Tübingen, public anatomies at, in the fifteenth century, 79, 81 _n._

Tudela: _see_ Benjamin of Tudela.

Universe, material structure of the, mediaeval views on, 22-30,
plates IV, XI.

Uri, John, Catalogue of Oriental MSS. in the Bodleian Library,
227, 230, 231 and _n._ 2.

Vangesten, O. C. L., cited, 86 _n._ 1, 130 _n._ 1.

Varignana, Gulielmo, professor of medicine at Bologna, 93 _n._ 1.

Venturi, A., _Storia dell’ arte italiana_, 10 _n._ 2.

Vergil, Polydore, 172, 180.

Verrocchio, Andrea del, anatomical studies of, 86 and _n._ 2.

Verworn, Max, 68.

Vesalius, Andreas, 61, 86, 89, 93, 105, 130;
_De humani corporis fabrica_, 92 _n._ 2, 121 fig. 20, 122.

Vigevano, Guido de, anatomical drawings in works of, 87,
plates XXXI, XXXII.

Villanova: _see_ Arnald of Villanova.

Villiers, J. A. J. de, _Famous Maps in the British Museum_, 99 _n._ 4.

Vincent, St., of Beauvais, his treatment of a witch, 191.

Vinci, Leonardo da, anatomical researches of, 86, 121, 122, 130;
anatomical sketches, 89, plates XXXV, XXXVIII (_b_).

Virchow, Rudolf, cited, 13, 60, 226 _n._

Virmont, Countess Anna of, 218.

Vitalism, 59-78;
animism, 61, 64, 65;
biological definitions, 59-61;
crystals, 60;
differentiation, 62;
embryo, 62, 63, 69, 70;
‘entelechy’, 64, 75;
germ, 62, 63, 66, 69, 70, 74;
heterogeneity, 77;
homogeneity, 65, 77;
larva, 62, 63, 69;
mechanisms and mechanical theories, 64, 65, 67-70, 74-6;
metabolism, 60, 65, 68, 70, 76;
metaphysical theory, 66, 67, 76;
mind separate and eternal, 60, 73;
morphaesthetic, 64, 71;
neo-vitalism, 68, 76;
nutritive soul, the, 59, 60, 73, 74;
organic autonomy, 65;
organism, life of the, 59 ff.;
perceptive soul, the, 60, 73, 74;
philosophical objections, 68, 71-5;
psychoid, 64, 65, 75;
psychological theory, 67, 68, 76;
rational soul, the, 60, 61, 67;
scientific objections, 68-71;
special vital force, theory of, 66.

Vivo, Catello de, _La Visione di Alberico, ristampata, tradotta e
camparata con la Divina Commedia_, 21 _n._ 2.

Waldenses, persecution of, 192.

Waldsee, witch-burning at, 208.

Walsh, E. H. C., _Tibetan Anatomical System_, 44 _n._ 5.

Webb, C. C. J., 55 _n._

Welch, Antonius, 197.

Wendover, Richard of: _see_ Richardus Anglicus.

Wesselich, Philip, of Knechtenstein, case of witchcraft, 218.

Westland, A. Mildred, transcription of the _Anothomia_ of Hieronymo
Manfredi, 130-64;
translation of selected passages, 106-25.

Westminster Abbey, miraculous cures at the shrine of Edward the
Confessor, 166.

Weyer, Dr. John, and the witch mania, 189-224;
_De praestigiis daemonum et incantationibus ac veneficiis_, 215-22.

Wharton, duct of, 95.

Wiberg, J., _Anatomy of the Brain in the Works of Galen and ‘Ali
‘Abbas_, 113 _n._ 2.

Wicelius (Weitzel), Georgius, 8.

Wickersheimer, Ernest, _Figures médico-astrologiques des neuvième,
dixième et onzième siècles_, 27 _n._ 2, 38 _n._ 3;
_La médecine astrologique dans les almanachs populaires du XX^e
siècle_, 39 _n._ 2;
_L’Anatomie de Guido de Vigevano, médecin de la reine Jeanne de
Bourgogne_, 87 _n._ 3.

Wiesbaden: _see_ Manuscripts.

Wille, Professor, 55 _n._

William of Saliceto, 92, 93, 105.

Wilson, Rev. H. A., 55 _n._

Winds, relation of, to the elements, 25-7, 34.

Winternitz, _Diätetisches Sendschreiben des Maimonides_, 226 _n._ 3.

Wiseman, Cardinal, 178.

Witchcraft and witch mania, 189-224;
bewitchment of animals, 193, 197, 218, 220;
burnings for witchcraft, 190, 194, 196, 197, 200, 202-8, 213, 221;
children tortured and burnt, 200, 201, 208;
confessions, 195, 197-200, 204, 205, 207, 209-13, 219, 220, 223;
‘delation’, 202;
denunciations, 190, 192, 201, 202, 206, 209-13;
executions, 190, 194, 195, 206, 208;
informers, 202;
inquisitions (or witch-trials), 192, 196, 197, 201-13;
nature of the witch mania, 190, 191, 199, 205;
number of victims, 208;
opposition of Dr. John Weyer to persecution for witchcraft, 189,
200, 207, 214-24;
popular beliefs concerning witchcraft and demonology, 190-3,
195-7, 199, 217;
results of scientific investigations, 223;
‘sabbat’, the, 195-9;
sexual orgies, 190, 193, 196, 198, 199, 209, 211, 216;
torture of victims, 190, 192, 195, 200, 202-13;
water test, 207, 219;
witch-dances, 196, 197, 199, 210, 211, 216, 221;
witch-hunters, 189, 192, 195-8, 200, 201, 205-8, 214, 219, 220;
witch-ointments, 199, 216;
witnesses, 202, 205, 209-12.

Withington, E. T.: Dr. John Weyer and the Witch Mania, 189-224.

Wolsey, Cardinal, 174.

Worde, Wynkyn de, printer, 85 fig. 4.

Wrobel, J., cited, 19 _n._ 2, 37 _n._ 1, 38 _n._ 1.

Würzburg, witch-burning in the bishopric of, 194, 195, 204, 208.

Wüstenfeld, H. F., _Geschichte d. arabischen Aerzte_, 227 and _n._ 1,
228 _nn._ 3, 5, 229.

Yorke, Sir Joseph, 230.

Ypres, John de, quotation from the account books of, 170.

_Zeitschrift der Morgenländischen Gesellschaft_, 226 _n._ 10.

_Zeitschrift für kirchliche Wissenschaft und kirchliches Leben_,
5 _n._ 3.

Zelus Dei, account and illumination of, 54, plate XXIV (_b_).

Zerbis, de: _see_ Gerbi, Gabriele de.

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES:

[1] _Vita Sanctae Hildegardis auctoribus Godefrido et Theodorico monachis_, lib. iii, cap. 1. The work has been frequently reprinted and is in Migne, _Patrologia Latina_, vol. 197, col. 91 ff. This volume will be quoted here simply as ‘Migne’.

[2] Migne, col. 119.

[3] The erroneous statement in some of her biographies that she journeyed to Paris is based on a misunderstanding.

[4] Cardinal J. B. Pitra, _Analecta sacra_, vol. viii, p. 350, Paris, 1882. This volume will here be quoted simply as ‘Pitra’.

[5] Pitra, p. 556.

[6] Wilhelm Grimm, ‘Wiesbader Glossen’, in Moriz Haupt’s _Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum_, Leipzig, 1848, vol. vi, p. 321. The script is reproduced in the ill-arranged and irritating work of J. P. Schmelzeis, _Das Leben und Wirken der heiligen Hildegardis_, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1879; and in Pitra, p. 497. The subject has been summarized by F. W. E. Roth in his _Lieder und unbekannte Sprache der h. Hildegardis_, Wiesbaden, 1880.

[7] A short sketch of her life of yet earlier date has survived. It is from the hand of the monk Guibert and was probably written in 1180: Pitra, p. 407. The best modern account of her is by F. W. E. Roth in the _Zeitschrift für kirchliche Wissenschaft und kirchliches Leben_, vol. ix, p. 453, Leipzig, 1888. Less critical but more readable is the essay by Albert Battandier, ‘Sainte Hildegarde, sa vie et ses œuvres’, in the _Revue des questions historiques_, vol. xxxiii, pp. 395-425, Paris, 1883.

[8] The ‘Acta inquisitionis de virtutibus et miraculis sanctae Hildegardis’ are reprinted in Migne, col. 131.

[9] This volume is supplemented by ‘Annotationes ad Nova S. Hildegardis Opera’ in _Analecta Bollandiana_, vol. i, p. 597, Brussels, 1882.

[10] This Wiesbaden MS. has been fully described by Antonius van der Linde, _Die Handschriften der Königlichen Landesbibliothek in Wiesbaden_, Wiesbaden, 1877.

[11] Louis Baillet, ‘Les Miniatures du Scivias de sainte Hildegarde’, in the _Monuments et Mémoires publiés par l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres_, Paris, 1912, especially pp. 139 and 145.

[12] We are inclined to place the preparation of this remarkable MS. at a slightly later date than that attributed to it by Baillet. As Wiesbaden is at present inaccessible we have reproduced the facsimiles in Plate II from Baillet’s monograph.

[13] For the history of these MSS. see A. van der Linde, loc. cit., pp. 30-6.

[14] Goethe, ‘Am Rhein, Main und Neckar’, _Cotta’s Jubiläums-Ausgabe_, vol. xxix, p. 258.

[15] Wilhelm Grimm in M. Haupt’s _Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum_, vi, p. 321, Leipzig, 1847.

[16] In Étienne Baluze, _Miscellanea novo ordine digesta et non paucis ineditis monumentis opportunisque animadversionibus aucta opera ac studio J. D. Mansi_, 4 vols., Lucca, 1761-6; see vol. ii, p. 377.

[17] Cf. J. A. Herbert, _Illuminated Manuscripts_, London, 1911, p. 160.

[18] A. Venturi, _Storia dell’ arte italiana_, Milan, _in progress_, vol. v, p. 16.

[19] We are unable to concur with Baillet, however, that there is enough evidence to suggest that the miniaturists of the Lucca MS. had consulted the Wiesbaden illuminations. Baillet, loc. cit., p. 147.

[20] _Hildegardis causae et curae edidit Paulus Kaiser_, Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1903. The MS. was brought to light by C. Jessen in the _Sitzungsberichte der kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse_, Band xlv, Heft 1, p. 97, Vienna, 1862. See also the same author in _Botanik in kulturhistorischer Entwickelung_, pp. 124-6, Leipzig, 1862, and in the _Anzeiger für Kunde der deutschen Vorzeit_, 1875, p. 175. An imperfect edition appeared in 1882 in Pitra, p. 468, under the title _Liber compositae medicinae de aegritudinum causis signis atque curis_.

[21] Royal Library of Copenhagen, MS. Ny. Kgl. Saml., No. 90 b.

[22] _Experimentarius medicinae continens Trotulae curandarum Aegritudinum muliebrium ... item quatuor Hildegardis de elementorum, fluminum aliquot Germaniae, metallorum,... herbarum, piscium & animantium terrae, naturis et operationibus_. Edited by G. Kraut, Strasbourg, J. Schott, 1544. The work often ascribed to Trotula is somewhat similar to the spurious medical works of Hildegard. Like them, it was probably written early in the thirteenth century. Trotula herself lived in the eleventh century, a generation or two before Hildegard. On Trotula see Salvatore de Renzi, _Collectio Salernitana_, vol. i, p. 149, Naples, 1852.

[23] In the _Vita_, lib. ii, cap. 1; Migne, col. 101.

[24] Migne, col. 1125. See also F. A. Reuss, _De Libris physicis S. Hildegardis commentatio historico-medica_, Würzburg, 1835, and ‘Der heiligen Hildegard Subtilitatum diversarum naturarum creaturarum libri novem, die werthvollste Urkunde deutscher Natur- und Heilkunde aus dem Mittelalter’ in the _Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Alterthumskunde und Geschichtsforschung_, Band vi, Heft 1, Wiesbaden, 1859.

[25] Rudolf Virchow, ‘Zur Geschichte des Aussatzes und der Spitäler, besonders in Deutschland’, in Virchow’s _Archiv für Pathologie_, vol. xviii, p. 285, &c., Berlin, 1860.