Chapter LXXXVIII: Front Matter (88)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
0 km

Colombia
total: 6,004 km
border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km,
Peru 1,496 km (est.), Venezuela 2,050 km

Comoros
0 km

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
total: 10,730 km
border countries: Angola 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary
of Angola's discontiguous Cabinda Province), Burundi 233 km, Central
African Republic 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda
217 km, Sudan 628 km, Tanzania 459 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km

Congo, Republic of the
total: 5,504 km
border countries: Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African
Republic 467 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Gabon
1,903 km

Cook Islands
0 km

Coral Sea Islands
0 km

Costa Rica
total: 639 km
border countries: Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km

Cote d'Ivoire
total: 3,110 km
border countries: Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km,
Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km

Croatia
total: 2,197 km
border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km,
Serbia and Montenegro (north) 241 km, Serbia and Montenegro (south)
25 km, Slovenia 670 km

Cuba
total: 29 km
border countries: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km
note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains
part of Cuba

Cyprus
0 km

Czech Republic
total: 1,881 km
border countries: Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km,
Slovakia 215 km

Denmark
total: 68 km
border countries: Germany 68 km

Djibouti
total: 516 km
border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km

Dominica
0 km

Dominican Republic
total: 360 km
border countries: Haiti 360 km

East Timor
total: 228 km
border countries: Indonesia 228 km

Ecuador
total: 2,010 km
border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km

Egypt
total: 2,665 km
border countries: Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km,
Sudan 1,273 km

El Salvador
total: 545 km
border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km

Equatorial Guinea
total: 539 km
border countries: Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km

Eritrea
total: 1,626 km
border countries: Djibouti 109 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km

Estonia
total: 633 km
border countries: Latvia 339 km, Russia 294 km

Ethiopia
total: 5,328 km
border countries: Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km,
Somalia 1,600 km, Sudan 1,606 km

Europa Island
0 km

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
0 km

Faroe Islands
0 km

Fiji
0 km

Finland
total: 2,628 km
border countries: Norway 729 km, Sweden 586 km, Russia 1,313 km

France
total: 2,889 km
border countries: Andorra 56.6 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km,
Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km,
Switzerland 573 km

French Guiana
total: 1,183 km
border countries: Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km

French Polynesia
0 km

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
0 km

Gabon
total: 2,551 km
border countries: Cameroon 298 km, Republic of the Congo 1,903 km,
Equatorial Guinea 350 km

Gambia, The
total: 740 km
border countries: Senegal 740 km

Gaza Strip
total: 62 km
border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km

Georgia
total: 1,461 km
border countries: Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km,
Turkey 252 km

Germany
total: 3,621 km
border countries: Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646
km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577
km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km

Ghana
total: 2,094 km
border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo
877 km

Gibraltar
total: 1.2 km
border countries: Spain 1.2 km

Glorioso Islands
0 km

Greece
total: 1,228 km
border countries: Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km,
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 246 km

Greenland
0 km

Grenada
0 km

Guadeloupe
total: 10.2 km
border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 10.2 km

Guam
0 km

Guatemala
total: 1,687 km
border countries: Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256
km, Mexico 962 km

Guernsey
0 km

Guinea
total: 3,399 km
border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km,
Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km

Guinea-Bissau
total: 724 km
border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km

Guyana
total: 2,462 km
border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km

Haiti
total: 360 km
border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
0 km

Holy See (Vatican City)
total: 3.2 km
border countries: Italy 3.2 km

Honduras
total: 1,520 km
border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua
922 km

Hong Kong
total: 30 km
border countries: China 30 km

Howland Island
0 km

Hungary
total: 2,171 km
border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km,
Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km,
Ukraine 103 km

Iceland
0 km

India
total: 14,103 km
border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463
km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km

Indonesia
total: 2,830 km
border countries: East Timor 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New
Guinea 820 km

Iran
total: 5,440 km
border countries: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km,
Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq
1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km

Iraq
total: 3,650 km
border countries: Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 240 km, Saudi
Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 352 km

Ireland
total: 360 km
border countries: UK 360 km

Israel
total: 1,017 km
border countries: Egypt 266 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km,
Lebanon 79 km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km

Italy
total: 1,932.2 km
border countries: Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican
City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 232 km, Switzerland 740 km

Jamaica
0 km

Jan Mayen
0 km

Japan
0 km

Jarvis Island
0 km

Jersey
0 km

Johnston Atoll
0 km

Jordan
total: 1,635 km
border countries: Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 744 km,
Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km

Juan de Nova Island
0 km

Kazakhstan
total: 12,012 km
border countries: China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846
km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km

Kenya
total: 3,477 km
border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km,
Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km

Kingman Reef
0 km

Kiribati
0 km

Korea, North
total: 1,673 km
border countries: China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km

Korea, South
total: 238 km
border countries: North Korea 238 km

Kuwait
total: 462 km
border countries: Iraq 240 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km

Kyrgyzstan
total: 3,878 km
border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870
km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km

Laos
total: 5,083 km
border countries: Burma 235 km, Cambodia 541 km, China 423 km,
Thailand 1,754 km, Vietnam 2,130 km

Latvia
total: 1,150 km
border countries: Belarus 141 km, Estonia 339 km, Lithuania 453 km,
Russia 217 km

Lebanon
total: 454 km
border countries: Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km

Lesotho
total: 909 km
border countries: South Africa 909 km

Liberia
total: 1,585 km
border countries: Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone
306 km

Libya
total: 4,348 km
border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km,
Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km

Liechtenstein
total: 76 km
border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km

Lithuania
total: 1,273 km
border countries: Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km,
Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km

Luxembourg
total: 359 km
border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km

Macau
total: 0.34 km
border countries: China 0.34 km

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
total: 766 km
border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km,
Serbia and Montenegro 221 km

Madagascar
0 km

Malawi
total: 2,881 km
border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km

Malaysia
total: 2,669 km
border countries: Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km

Maldives
0 km

Mali
total: 7,243 km
border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea
858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km,
Senegal 419 km

Malta
0 km

Man, Isle of
0 km

Marshall Islands
0 km

Martinique
0 km

Mauritania
total: 5,074 km
border countries: Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km,
Western Sahara 1,561 km

Mauritius
0 km

Mayotte
0 km

Mexico
total: 4,353 km
border countries: Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,141 km

Micronesia, Federated States of
0 km

Midway Islands
0 km

Moldova
total: 1,389 km
border countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km

Monaco
total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km

Mongolia
total: 8,162 km
border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,485 km

Montserrat
0 km

Morocco
total: 2,017.9 km
border countries: Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain
(Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km

Mozambique
total: 4,571 km
border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland
105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km

Namibia
total: 3,936 km
border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa
967 km, Zambia 233 km

Nauru
0 km

Navassa Island
0 km

Nepal
total: 2,926 km
border countries: China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km

Netherlands
total: 1,027 km
border countries: Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km

Netherlands Antilles
total: 10.2 km
border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint Martin) 10.2 km

New Caledonia
0 km

New Zealand
0 km

Nicaragua
total: 1,231 km
border countries: Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km

Niger
total: 5,697 km
border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km,
Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km

Nigeria
total: 4,047 km
border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger
1,497 km

Niue
0 km

Norfolk Island
0 km

Northern Mariana Islands
0 km

Norway
total: 2,544 km
border countries: Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km

Oman
total: 1,374 km
border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km

Pakistan
total: 6,774 km
border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912
km, Iran 909 km

Palau
0 km

Palmyra Atoll
0 km

Panama
total: 555 km
border countries: Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km

Papua New Guinea
total: 820 km
border countries: Indonesia 820 km

Paracel Islands
0 km

Paraguay
total: 3,920 km
border countries: Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,290 km

Peru
total: 5,536 km
border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km,
Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km

Philippines
0 km

Pitcairn Islands
0 km

Poland
total: 2,788 km
border countries: Belarus 407 km, Czech Republic 658 km, Germany 456
km, Lithuania 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Slovakia
444 km, Ukraine 526 km

Portugal
total: 1,214 km
border countries: Spain 1,214 km

Puerto Rico
0 km

Qatar
total: 60 km
border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km

Reunion
0 km

Romania
total: 2,508 km
border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km,
Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east)
169 km

Russia
total: 19,990 km
border countries: Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China
(southeast) 3,605 km, China (south) 40 km, Estonia 294 km, Finland
1,313 km, Georgia 723 km, Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 19 km,
Latvia 217 km, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast) 227 km, Mongolia 3,485
km, Norway 196 km, Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Ukraine 1,576
km

Rwanda
total: 893 km
border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo
217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km

Saint Helena
0 km

Saint Kitts and Nevis
0 km

Saint Lucia
0 km

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
0 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0 km

Samoa
0 km

San Marino
total: 39 km
border countries: Italy 39 km

Sao Tome and Principe
0 km

Saudi Arabia
total: 4,431 km
border countries: Iraq 814 km, Jordan 744 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman
676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km

Senegal
total: 2,640 km
border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau
338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km

Serbia and Montenegro
total: 2,246 km
border countries: Albania 287 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km,
Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km,
Hungary 151 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km,
Romania 476 km

Seychelles
0 km

Sierra Leone
total: 958 km
border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km

Singapore
0 km

Slovakia
total: 1,524 km
border countries: Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 215 km, Hungary 677
km, Poland 444 km, Ukraine 97 km

Slovenia
total: 1,334 km
border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 670 km, Italy 232 km,
Hungary 102 km

Solomon Islands
0 km

Somalia
total: 2,340 km
border countries: Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,600 km, Kenya 682 km

South Africa
total: 4,862 km
border countries: Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491
km, Namibia 967 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
0 km

Spain
total: 1,917.8 km
border countries: Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km,
Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km

Spratly Islands
0 km

Sri Lanka
0 km

Sudan
total: 7,687 km
border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km,
Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605
km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km

Suriname
total: 1,707 km
border countries: Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km

Svalbard
0 km

Swaziland
total: 535 km
border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km

Sweden
total: 2,205 km
border countries: Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km

Switzerland
total: 1,852 km
border countries: Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km,
Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km

Syria
total: 2,253 km
border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon
375 km, Turkey 822 km

Taiwan
0 km

Tajikistan
total: 3,651 km
border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870
km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Tanzania
total: 3,861 km
border countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo
459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217
km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

Thailand
total: 4,863 km
border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km,
Malaysia 506 km

Togo
total: 1,647 km
border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Tokelau
0 km

Tonga
0 km

Trinidad and Tobago
0 km

Tromelin Island
0 km

Tunisia
total: 1,424 km
border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km

Turkey
total: 2,648 km
border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km,
Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km

Turkmenistan
total: 3,736 km
border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379
km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km

Turks and Caicos Islands
0 km

Tuvalu
0 km

Uganda
total: 2,698 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933
km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km

Ukraine
total: 4,663 km
border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km,
Poland 526 km, Romania (south) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia
1,576 km, Slovakia 97 km

United Arab Emirates
total: 867 km
border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km

United Kingdom
total: 360 km
border countries: Ireland 360 km

United States
total: 12,034 km
border countries: Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska),
Mexico 3,141 km
note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and
thus remains part of Cuba; the base boundary is 29 km

Uruguay
total: 1,564 km
border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km

Uzbekistan
total: 6,221 km
border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km,
Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km

Vanuatu
0 km

Venezuela
total: 4,993 km
border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km

Vietnam
total: 4,639 km
border countries: Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km

Virgin Islands
0 km

Wake Island
0 km

Wallis and Futuna
0 km

West Bank
total: 404 km
border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km

Western Sahara
total: 2,046 km
border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km

World
the land boundaries in the world total 250,472 km (not
counting shared boundaries twice)

Yemen
total: 1,746 km
border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km

Zambia
total: 5,664 km
border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo
1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania
338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km

Zimbabwe
total: 3,066 km
border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa
225 km, Zambia 797 km

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

======================================================================

@2097 Land use (%)

Afghanistan
arable land: 12.13%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 87.65% (1998 est.)

Albania
arable land: 21.09%
permanent crops: 4.45%
other: 74.46% (1998 est.)

Algeria
arable land: 3.21%
permanent crops: 0.21%
other: 96.58% (1998 est.)

American Samoa
arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 10%
other: 85% (1998 est.)

Andorra
arable land: 2.22%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.78% (1998 est.)

Angola
arable land: 2.41%
permanent crops: 0.4%
other: 97.19% (1998 est.)

Anguilla
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some
commercial salt ponds) (1998 est.)

Antarctica
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (ice 98%, barren rock 2%) (1998 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
arable land: 18.18%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 81.82% (1998 est.)

Argentina
arable land: 9.14%
permanent crops: 0.8%
other: 90.06% (1998 est.)

Armenia
arable land: 17.52%
permanent crops: 2.3%
other: 80.18% (1998 est.)

Aruba
arable land: 10.53% (including aloe 0.01%)
permanent crops: 0%
other: 89.47% (1998 est.)

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.)

Australia
arable land: 6.88%
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 93.09% (1998 est.)

Austria
arable land: 16.89%
permanent crops: 0.99%
other: 82.12% (1998 est.)

Azerbaijan
arable land: 19.31%
permanent crops: 3.04%
other: 77.65% (1998 est.)

Bahamas, The
arable land: 0.6%
permanent crops: 0.4%
other: 99% (1998 est.)

Bahrain
arable land: 4.35%
permanent crops: 4.35%
other: 91.3% (1998 est.)

Baker Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Bangladesh
arable land: 60.7%
permanent crops: 2.61%
other: 36.69% (1998 est.)

Barbados
arable land: 37.21%
permanent crops: 2.33%
other: 60.46% (1998 est.)

Bassas da India
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (all rock) (1998 est.)

Belarus
arable land: 29.76%
permanent crops: 0.69%
other: 69.55% (1998 est.)

Belgium
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 75%
note: includes Luxembourg (1998 est.)

Belize
arable land: 2.81%
permanent crops: 1.1%
other: 96.09% (1998 est.)

Benin
arable land: 15.28%
permanent crops: 1.36%
other: 83.36% (1998 est.)

Bermuda
arable land: 6%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 94% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)

Bhutan
arable land: 2.98%
permanent crops: 0.43%
other: 96.59% (1998 est.)

Bolivia
arable land: 1.73%
permanent crops: 0.21%
other: 98.06% (1998 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
arable land: 9.8%
permanent crops: 2.94%
other: 87.26% (1998 est.)

Botswana
arable land: 0.61%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 99.38% (1998 est.)

Bouvet Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (93% ice) (1998 est.)

Brazil
arable land: 6.3%
permanent crops: 1.42%
other: 92.28% (1998 est.)

British Indian Ocean Territory
arable land: NEGL
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

British Virgin Islands
arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 6.67%
other: 73.33% (1998 est.)

Brunei
arable land: 0.57%
permanent crops: 0.76%
other: 98.67% (1998 est.)

Bulgaria
arable land: 39%
permanent crops: 1.8%
other: 59.2% (1998 est.)

Burkina Faso
arable land: 12.43%
permanent crops: 0.18%
other: 87.39% (1998 est.)

Burma
arable land: 14.53%
permanent crops: 0.9%
other: 84.57% (1998 est.)

Burundi
arable land: 29.98%
permanent crops: 12.85%
other: 57.17% (1998 est.)

Cambodia
arable land: 20.96%
permanent crops: 0.61%
other: 78.43% (1998 est.)

Cameroon
arable land: 12.81%
permanent crops: 2.58%
other: 84.61% (1998 est.)

Canada
arable land: 4.94%
permanent crops: 0.02%
other: 95.04% (1998 est.)

Cape Verde
arable land: 9.68%
permanent crops: 0.5%
other: 89.82% (1998 est.)

Cayman Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Central African Republic
arable land: 3.1%
permanent crops: 0.14%
other: 96.76% (1998 est.)

Chad
arable land: 2.78%
permanent crops: 0.02%
other: 97.2% (1998 est.)

Chile
arable land: 2.65%
permanent crops: 0.42%
other: 96.93% (1998 est.)

China
arable land: 13.31%
permanent crops: 1.2%
other: 85.49% (1998 est.)

Christmas Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100%
note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national
park (1998 est.)

Clipperton Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (all coral) (1998 est.)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Colombia
arable land: 1.9%
permanent crops: 1.96%
other: 96.14% (1998 est.)

Comoros
arable land: 34.98%
permanent crops: 17.94%
other: 47.08% (1998 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
arable land: 2.96%
permanent crops: 0.52%
other: 96.52% (1998 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
arable land: 0.5%
permanent crops: 0.13%
other: 99.37% (1998 est.)

Cook Islands
arable land: 17.39%
permanent crops: 13.04%
other: 69.57% (1998 est.)

Coral Sea Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (1998 est.)

Costa Rica
arable land: 4.41%
permanent crops: 5.48%
other: 90.11% (1998 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
arable land: 9.28%
permanent crops: 13.84%
other: 76.88% (1998 est.)

Croatia
arable land: 23.55%
permanent crops: 2.24%
other: 74.21% (1998 est.)

Cuba
arable land: 33.04%
permanent crops: 7.61%
other: 59.35% (1998 est.)

Cyprus
arable land: 10.61%
permanent crops: 4.65%
other: 84.74% (1998 est.)

Czech Republic
arable land: 40%
permanent crops: 3.04%
other: 56.96% (1998 est.)

Denmark
arable land: 55.74%
permanent crops: 0.19%
other: 44.07% (1998 est.)

Djibouti
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Dominica
arable land: 4%
permanent crops: 16%
other: 80% (1998 est.)

Dominican Republic
arable land: 21.08%
permanent crops: 9.92%
other: 69% (1998 est.)

East Timor
arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
other: NA%

Ecuador
arable land: 5.69%
permanent crops: 5.15%
other: 89.16% (1998 est.)

Egypt
arable land: 2.85%
permanent crops: 0.47%
other: 96.68% (1998 est.)

El Salvador
arable land: 27.27%
permanent crops: 12.11%
other: 60.62% (1998 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
arable land: 4.63%
permanent crops: 3.57%
other: 91.8% (1998 est.)

Eritrea
arable land: 3.87%
permanent crops: 0.02%
other: 96.11% (1998 est.)

Estonia
arable land: 26.5%
permanent crops: 0.35%
other: 73.15% (1998 est.)

Ethiopia
arable land: 9.9%
permanent crops: 0.65%
other: 89.45% (1998 est.)

Europa Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (mangrove forests and woodlands) (1998 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)

Faroe Islands
arable land: 2.14%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.86% (1998 est.)

Fiji
arable land: 10.95%
permanent crops: 4.65%
other: 84.4% (1998 est.)

Finland
arable land: 6.98%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 93.01% (1998 est.)

France
arable land: 33.3%
permanent crops: 2.11%
other: 64.59% (1998 est.)

French Guiana
arable land: 0.11% NEGL
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 99.86% (90% forest, 10% other) (1998 est.)

French Polynesia
arable land: 1.64%
permanent crops: 6.01%
other: 92.35% (1998 est.)

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Gabon
arable land: 1.26%
permanent crops: 0.66%
other: 98.08% (1998 est.)

Gambia, The
arable land: 19.5%
permanent crops: 0.5%
other: 80% (1998 est.)

Gaza Strip
arable land: 26.32%
permanent crops: 39.47%
other: 34.21% (1998 est.)

Georgia
arable land: 11.21%
permanent crops: 4.09%
other: 84.7% (1998 est.)

Germany
arable land: 33.88%
permanent crops: 0.65%
other: 65.47% (1998 est.)

Ghana
arable land: 15.82%
permanent crops: 7.47%
other: 76.71% (1998 est.)

Gibraltar
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Glorioso Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms) (1998 est.)

Greece
arable land: 22.12%
permanent crops: 8.47%
other: 69.41% (1998 est.)

Greenland
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Grenada
arable land: 5.88%
permanent crops: 26.47%
other: 67.65% (1998 est.)

Guadeloupe
arable land: 10.65%
permanent crops: 4.14%
other: 85.21% (1998 est.)

Guam
arable land: 10.91%
permanent crops: 10.91%
other: 78.18% (1998 est.)

Guatemala
arable land: 12.54%
permanent crops: 5.03%
other: 82.43% (1998 est.)

Guernsey
arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
other: NA%

Guinea
arable land: 3.6%
permanent crops: 2.44%
other: 93.96% (1998 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
arable land: 10.67%
permanent crops: 1.78%
other: 87.55% (1998 est.)

Guyana
arable land: 2.44%
permanent crops: 0.08%
other: 97.48% (1998 est.)

Haiti
arable land: 20.32%
permanent crops: 12.7%
other: 66.98% (1998 est.)

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City)
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.)

Honduras
arable land: 15.15%
permanent crops: 3.13%
other: 81.72% (1998 est.)

Hong Kong
arable land: 5.05%
permanent crops: 1.01%
other: 93.94% (1998 est.)

Howland Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Hungary
arable land: 52.2%
permanent crops: 2.46%
other: 45.34% (1998 est.)

Iceland
arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 28%
forest and woodlands: 1%
other: 70% (2001 est.)

India
arable land: 54.35%
permanent crops: 2.66%
other: 42.99% (1998 est.)

Indonesia
arable land: 9.9%
permanent crops: 7.2%
other: 82.9% (1998 est.)

Iran
arable land: 10.17%
permanent crops: 1.16%
other: 88.67% (1998 est.)

Iraq
arable land: 11.89%
permanent crops: 0.78%
other: 87.33% (1998 est.)

Ireland
arable land: 19.49%
permanent crops: 0.04%
other: 80.47% (1998 est.)

Israel
arable land: 17.02%
permanent crops: 4.17%
other: 78.81% (1998 est.)

Italy
arable land: 28.07%
permanent crops: 9.25%
other: 62.68% (1998 est.)

Jamaica
arable land: 16.07%
permanent crops: 9.23%
other: 74.7% (1998 est.)

Jan Mayen
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Japan
arable land: 12.13%
permanent crops: 1.01%
other: 86.86% (1998 est.)

Jarvis Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Jersey
arable land: NEGL%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Johnston Atoll
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Jordan
arable land: 2.87%
permanent crops: 1.52%
other: 95.61% (1998 est.)

Juan de Nova Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (90% forest) (1998 est.)

Kazakhstan
arable land: 11.23%
permanent crops: 0.05%
other: 88.72% (1998 est.)

Kenya
arable land: 7.03%
permanent crops: 0.91%
other: 92.06% (1998 est.)

Kingman Reef
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Kiribati
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 50.68%
other: 49.32% (1998 est.)

Korea, North
arable land: 14.12%
permanent crops: 2.49%
other: 83.39% (1998 est.)

Korea, South
arable land: 17.44%
permanent crops: 2.05%
other: 80.51% (1998 est.)

Kuwait
arable land: 0.34%
permanent crops: 0.06%
other: 99.6% (1998 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
arable land: 7.04%
permanent crops: 0.39%
other: 92.57%
note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut
forest (1998 est.)

Laos
arable land: 3.47%
permanent crops: 0.23%
other: 96.3% (1998 est.)

Latvia
arable land: 29.01%
permanent crops: 0.48%
other: 70.51% (1998 est.)

Lebanon
arable land: 17.6%
permanent crops: 12.51%
other: 69.89% (1998 est.)

Lesotho
arable land: 10.71%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 89.29% (1998 est.)

Liberia
arable land: 1.97%
permanent crops: 2.08%
other: 95.95% (1998 est.)

Libya
arable land: 1.03%
permanent crops: 0.17%
other: 98.8% (1998 est.)

Liechtenstein
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 75% (1998 est.)

Lithuania
arable land: 45.46%
permanent crops: 0.93%
other: 53.61% (1998 est.)

Luxembourg
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 75% (includes Belgium) (1998 est.)

Macau
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100%
note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
arable land: 23.59%
permanent crops: 1.85%
other: 74.56% (1998 est.)

Madagascar
arable land: 4.41%
permanent crops: 0.93%
other: 94.66% (1998 est.)

Malawi
arable land: 19.93%
permanent crops: 1.33%
other: 78.74% (1998 est.)

Malaysia
arable land: 5.54%
permanent crops: 17.61%
other: 76.85% (1998 est.)

Maldives
arable land: 3.33%
permanent crops: 6.67%
other: 90% (1998 est.)

Mali
arable land: 3.77%
permanent crops: 0.04%
other: 96.19% (1998 est.)

Malta
arable land: 31.25%
permanent crops: 3.13%
other: 65.62% (1998 est.)

Man, Isle of
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (permanent pastures, forests, mountain, and heathland)
(1998 est.)

Marshall Islands
arable land: 16.67%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 83.33% (1998 est.)

Martinique
arable land: 9.43%
permanent crops: 11.32%
other: 79.25% (1998 est.)

Mauritania
arable land: 0.48%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 99.51% (1998 est.)

Mauritius
arable land: 49.26%
permanent crops: 2.96%
other: 47.78% (1998 est.)

Mayotte
arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
other: NA% (1998 est.)

Mexico
arable land: 13.2%
permanent crops: 1.1%
other: 85.7% (1998 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
arable land: 5.71%
permanent crops: 45.71%
other: 48.58% (1998 est.)

Midway Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Moldova
arable land: 54.08%
permanent crops: 12.1%
other: 33.82% (1998 est.)

Monaco
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.)

Mongolia
arable land: 0.84%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.16% (1998 est.)

Montserrat
arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 80% (1998 est.)

Morocco
arable land: 20.12%
permanent crops: 2.05%
other: 77.83% (1998 est.)

Mozambique
arable land: 3.98%
permanent crops: 0.29%
other: 95.73% (1998 est.)

Namibia
arable land: 0.99%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.01% (1998 est.)

Nauru
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Navassa Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Nepal
arable land: 20.27%
permanent crops: 0.49%
other: 79.24% (1998 est.)

Netherlands
arable land: 26.53%
permanent crops: 1.03%
other: 72.44% (1998 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 90% (1998 est.)

New Caledonia
arable land: 0.38%
permanent crops: 0.33%
other: 99.29% (1998 est.)

New Zealand
arable land: 5.8%
permanent crops: 6.44%
other: 87.76% (1998 est.)

Nicaragua
arable land: 20.24%
permanent crops: 2.38%
other: 77.38% (1998 est.)

Niger
arable land: 3.94%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 96.06% (1998 est.)

Nigeria
arable land: 30.96%
permanent crops: 2.79%
other: 66.25% (1998 est.)

Niue
arable land: 19.23%
permanent crops: 7.69%
other: 73.08% (1998 est.)

Norfolk Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Northern Mariana Islands
arable land: 15.22%
permanent crops: 6.52%
other: 78.26% (1998 est.)

Norway
arable land: 2.94%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.06% (1998 est.)

Oman
arable land: 0.08%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 99.7% (1998 est.)

Pakistan
arable land: 27.81%
permanent crops: 0.79%
other: 71.4% (1998 est.)

Palau
arable land: 21.74%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 78.26% (1998 est.)

Palmyra Atoll
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (forests and woodlands) (1998 est.)

Panama
arable land: 6.72%
permanent crops: 2.08%
other: 91.2% (1998 est.)

Papua New Guinea
arable land: 0.13%
permanent crops: 1.35%
other: 98.52% (1998 est.)

Paracel Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Paraguay
arable land: 5.54%
permanent crops: 0.21%
other: 94.25% (1998 est.)

Peru
arable land: 2.85%
permanent crops: 0.38%
other: 96.77% (1998 est.)

Philippines
arable land: 18.45%
permanent crops: 14.76%
other: 66.79% (1998 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
other: NA% (1998 est.)

Poland
arable land: 45.81%
permanent crops: 1.23%
other: 52.96% (1998 est.)

Portugal
arable land: 20.57%
permanent crops: 7.74%
other: 71.69% (1999 est.)

Puerto Rico
arable land: 3.72%
permanent crops: 5.07%
other: 91.21% (1998 est.)

Qatar
arable land: 1.27%
permanent crops: 0.27%
other: 98.46% (1998 est.)

Reunion
arable land: 13.2%
permanent crops: 2%
other: 84.8% (1998 est.)

Romania
arable land: 40.57%
permanent crops: 2.4%
other: 57.03% (1998 est.)

Russia
arable land: 7.46%
permanent crops: 0.11%
other: 92.43% (1998 est.)

Rwanda
arable land: 32.43%
permanent crops: 10.13%
other: 57.44% (1998 est.)

Saint Helena
arable land: 12.9%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 87.1% (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
arable land: 16.67%
permanent crops: 2.78%
other: 80.55% (1998 est.)

Saint Lucia
arable land: 4.92%
permanent crops: 22.95%
other: 72.13% (1998 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
arable land: 13.04%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 86.96% (1998 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
arable land: 10.26%
permanent crops: 17.95%
other: 71.79% (1998 est.)

Samoa
arable land: 19.43%
permanent crops: 23.67%
other: 56.9% (1998 est.)

San Marino
arable land: 16.67%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 83.33% (1998 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 41%
other: 57% (1998 est.)

Saudi Arabia
arable land: 1.72%
permanent crops: 0.06%
other: 98.22% (1998 est.)

Senegal
arable land: 11.58%
permanent crops: 0.19%
other: 88.23% (1998 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro
arable land: 36.34%
permanent crops: 3.44%
other: 60.22% (1998 est.)

Seychelles
arable land: 2.22%
permanent crops: 13.33%
other: 84.45% (1998 est.)

Sierra Leone
arable land: 6.76%
permanent crops: 0.78%
other: 92.46% (1998 est.)

Singapore
arable land: 1.64%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 98.36% (1998 est.)

Slovakia
arable land: 30.74%
permanent crops: 2.64%
other: 66.62% (1998 est.)

Slovenia
arable land: 11.48%
permanent crops: 2.68%
other: 85.84% (1998 est.)

Solomon Islands
arable land: 1.5%
permanent crops: 0.64%
other: 97.86% (1998 est.)

Somalia
arable land: 1.66%
permanent crops: 0.04%
other: 98.3% (1998 est.)

South Africa
arable land: 12.13%
permanent crops: 0.77%
other: 87.1% (1998 est.)

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some
sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (1998 est.)

Spain
arable land: 28.6%
permanent crops: 9.56%
other: 61.84% (1998 est.)

Spratly Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Sri Lanka
arable land: 13.43%
permanent crops: 15.78%
other: 70.79% (1998 est.)

Sudan
arable land: 7.03%
permanent crops: 0.08%
other: 92.89% (1998 est.)

Suriname
arable land: 0.37%
permanent crops: 0.06%
other: 99.57%
note: there are 95,000 hectares of arable land, 7,000 hectares of
permanent crops, and 15,000 hectares of permanent pastures (1998
est.)

Svalbard
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and
cloudberry) (1998 est.)

Swaziland
arable land: 9.77%
permanent crops: 0.7%
other: 89.53% (1998 est.)

Sweden
arable land: 6.8%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 93.2% (1998 est.)

Switzerland
arable land: 10.57%
permanent crops: 0.61%
other: 88.82% (1998 est.)

Syria
arable land: 25.96%
permanent crops: 4.08%
other: 69.96% (1998 est.)

Taiwan
arable land: 24%
permanent crops: 1%
other: 75%

Tajikistan
arable land: 5.41%
permanent crops: 0.92%
other: 93.67% (1998 est.)

Tanzania
arable land: 4.24%
permanent crops: 1.02%
other: 94.74% (1998 est.)

Thailand
arable land: 32.88%
permanent crops: 7%
other: 60.12% (1998 est.)

Togo
arable land: 41.37%
permanent crops: 1.84%
other: 56.79% (1998 est.)

Tokelau
arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Tonga
arable land: 23.61%
permanent crops: 43.06%
other: 33.33% (1998 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
arable land: 14.62%
permanent crops: 9.16%
other: 76.22% (1998 est.)

Tromelin Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (grasses; scattered bushes) (1998 est.)

Tunisia
arable land: 18.67%
permanent crops: 12.87%
other: 68.46% (1998 est.)

Turkey
arable land: 34.53%
permanent crops: 3.36%
other: 62.11% (1998 est.)

Turkmenistan
arable land: 3.47%
permanent crops: 0.14%
other: 96.39% (1998 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
arable land: 2.33%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.67% (1998 est.)

Tuvalu
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Uganda
arable land: 25.34%
permanent crops: 8.77%
other: 65.89% (1998 est.)

Ukraine
arable land: 57.1%
permanent crops: 1.73%
other: 41.17% (1998 est.)

United Arab Emirates
arable land: 0.48%
permanent crops: 0.49%
other: 99.03% (1998 est.)

United Kingdom
arable land: 26.41%
permanent crops: 0.18%
other: 73.41% (1998 est.)

United States
arable land: 19.32%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 80.46% (1998 est.)

Uruguay
arable land: 7.21%
permanent crops: 0.27%
other: 92.52% (1998 est.)

Uzbekistan
arable land: 10.8%
permanent crops: 0.91%
other: 88.29% (1998 est.)

Vanuatu
arable land: 2.46%
permanent crops: 7.38%
other: 90.16% (1998 est.)

Venezuela
arable land: 2.99%
permanent crops: 0.96%
other: 96.05% (1998 est.)

Vietnam
arable land: 17.41%
permanent crops: 4.71%
other: 77.88% (1998 est.)

Virgin Islands
arable land: 15%
permanent crops: 6%
other: 79% (1998 est.)

Wake Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 20%
other: 75% (1998 est.)

West Bank
arable land: NEGL%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

Western Sahara
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)

World
arable land: 10.58%
permanent crops: 1%
other: 88.42% (1998 est.)

Yemen
arable land: 2.75%
permanent crops: 0.21%
other: 97.04% (1998 est.)

Zambia
arable land: 7.08%
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 92.89% (1998 est.)

Zimbabwe
arable land: 8.4%
permanent crops: 0.34%
other: 91.26% (1998 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

======================================================================

@2098 Languages (%)

Afghanistan
Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages
(primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily
Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

Albania
Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek

Algeria
Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects

American Samoa
Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other
Polynesian languages), English
note: most people are bilingual

Andorra
Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese

Angola
Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

Anguilla
English (official)

Antigua and Barbuda
English (official), local dialects

Argentina
Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French

Armenia
Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%

Aruba
Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch,
English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish

Australia
English, native languages

Austria
German

Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other
6% (1995 est.)

Bahamas, The
English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)

Bahrain
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu

Bangladesh
Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English

Barbados
English

Belarus
Belarusian, Russian, other

Belgium
Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German
(official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)

Belize
English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole

Benin
French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in
south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)

Bermuda
English (official), Portuguese

Bhutan
Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects,
Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects

Bolivia
Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian

Botswana
English (official), Setswana

Brazil
Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

British Virgin Islands
English (official)

Brunei
Malay (official), English, Chinese

Bulgaria
Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic
breakdown

Burkina Faso
French (official), native African languages belonging
to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population

Burma
Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages

Burundi
Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake
Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

Cambodia
Khmer (official) 95%, French, English

Cameroon
24 major African language groups, English (official),
French (official)

Canada
English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), other 17.5%

Cape Verde
Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West
African words)

Cayman Islands
English

Central African Republic
French (official), Sangho (lingua franca
and national language), tribal languages

Chad
French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more
than 120 different languages and dialects

Chile
Spanish

China
Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing
dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan
(Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages
(see Ethnic groups entry)

Christmas Island
English (official), Chinese, Malay

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Malay (Cocos dialect), English

Colombia
Spanish

Comoros
Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of
Swahili and Arabic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
French (official), Lingala (a
lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or
Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba

Congo, Republic of the
French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba
(lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects
(of which Kikongo has the most users)

Cook Islands
English (official), Maori

Costa Rica
Spanish (official), English

Cote d'Ivoire
French (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula the
most widely spoken

Croatia
Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech,
Slovak, and German)

Cuba
Spanish

Cyprus
Greek, Turkish, English

Czech Republic
Czech

Denmark
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German
(small minority)
note: English is the predominant second language

Djibouti
French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar

Dominica
English (official), French patois

Dominican Republic
Spanish

East Timor
Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian,
English
note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole,
Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people

Ecuador
Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)

Egypt
Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by
educated classes

El Salvador
Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)

Equatorial Guinea
Spanish (official), French (official), pidgin
English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo

Eritrea
Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic
languages

Estonia
Estonian (official), Russian, Ukrainian, Finnish, other

Ethiopia
Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic,
other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in
schools)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
English

Faroe Islands
Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish

Fiji
English (official), Fijian, Hindustani

Finland
Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small
Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities

France
French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and
languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque,
Flemish)

French Guiana
French

French Polynesia
French (official), Tahitian (official)

Gabon
French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira,
Bandjabi

Gambia, The
English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other
indigenous vernaculars

Gaza Strip
Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many
Palestinians), English (widely understood)

Georgia
Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%,
other 7%
note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia

Germany
German

Ghana
English (official), African languages (including Akan,
Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)

Gibraltar
English (used in schools and for official purposes),
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese

Greece
Greek 99% (official), English, French

Greenland
Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English

Grenada
English (official), French patois

Guadeloupe
French (official) 99%, Creole patois

Guam
English, Chamorro, Japanese

Guatemala
Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially
recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel,
Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)

Guernsey
English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country
districts

Guinea
French (official), each ethnic group has its own language

Guinea-Bissau
Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages

Guyana
English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu

Haiti
French (official), Creole (official)

Holy See (Vatican City)
Italian, Latin, French, various other
languages

Honduras
Spanish, Amerindian dialects

Hong Kong
Chinese (Cantonese), English; both are official

Hungary
Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8%

Iceland
Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken

India
English enjoys associate status but is the most important
language for national, political, and commercial communication;
Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the
people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu,
Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi,
Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular
variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is
not an official language

Indonesia
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay),
English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is
Javanese

Iran
Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects
26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%

Iraq
Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian,
Armenian

Ireland
English is the language generally used, Irish (Gaelic)
spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard

Israel
Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority,
English most commonly used foreign language

Italy
Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige
region are predominantly German speaking), French (small
French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene
(Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)

Jamaica
English, patois English

Japan
Japanese

Jersey
English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect
spoken in country districts

Jordan
Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and
middle classes

Kazakhstan
Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official,
used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic
communication") 95% (2001 est.)

Kenya
English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous
languages

Kiribati
I-Kiribati, English (official)

Korea, North
Korean

Korea, South
Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high
school

Kuwait
Arabic (official), English widely spoken

Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz - official language, Russian - official language
note: in December 2001, the Kyrgyzstani legislature made Russian an
official language, equal in status to Kyrgyz

Laos
Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages

Latvia
Latvian (official), Lithuanian, Russian, other

Lebanon
Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian

Lesotho
Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa

Liberia
English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of
which a few can be written and are used in correspondence

Libya
Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the
major cities

Liechtenstein
German (official), Alemannic dialect

Lithuania
Lithuanian (official), Polish, Russian

Luxembourg
Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative
language), French (administrative language)

Macau
Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonian 70%, Albanian
21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%

Madagascar
French (official), Malagasy (official)

Malawi
English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages
important regionally

Malaysia
Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects
(Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil,
Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note - in addition, in East
Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest are
Iban and Kadazan

Maldives
Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from
Arabic), English spoken by most government officials

Mali
French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages

Malta
Maltese (official), English (official)

Man, Isle of
English, Manx Gaelic

Marshall Islands
English (widely spoken as a second language, both
English and Marshallese are official languages), two major
Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese

Martinique
French, Creole patois

Mauritania
Hassaniya Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof
(official), French

Mauritius
English (official), Creole, French (official), Hindi,
Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri

Mayotte
Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language)
spoken by 35% of the population

Mexico
Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional
indigenous languages

Micronesia, Federated States of
English (official and common
language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian,
Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi

Moldova
Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian
language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)

Monaco
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque

Mongolia
Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)

Montserrat
English

Morocco
Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the
language of business, government, and diplomacy

Mozambique
Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects

Namibia
English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of
the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%,
indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama

Nauru
Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language),
English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and
commercial purposes

Nepal
Nepali (official; spoken by 90% of the population), about a
dozen other languages and about 30 major dialects; note - many in
government and business also speak English (1995)

Netherlands
Dutch (official language), Frisian (official language)

Netherlands Antilles
Dutch (official), Papiamento (a
Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English
widely spoken, Spanish

New Caledonia
French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects

New Zealand
English (official), Maori (official)

Nicaragua
Spanish (official)
note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast

Niger
French (official), Hausa, Djerma

Nigeria
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani

Niue
Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and
Samoan; English

Norfolk Island
English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century
English and ancient Tahitian

Northern Mariana Islands
English, Chamorro, Carolinian
note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home

Norway
Norwegian (official)
note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities

Oman
Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects

Pakistan
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%,
Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%,
English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most
government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%

Palau
English and Palauan official in all states except Sonsoral
(Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are
official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official)

Panama
Spanish (official), English 14%
note: many Panamanians bilingual

Papua New Guinea
English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread,
Motu spoken in Papua region
note: 715 indigenous languages

Paraguay
Spanish (official), Guarani (official)

Peru
Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara

Philippines
two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and
English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocan, Hiligaynon
or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense

Pitcairn Islands
English (official), Pitcairnese (mixture of an 18th
century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)

Poland
Polish

Portugal
Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally
used)

Puerto Rico
Spanish, English

Qatar
Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language

Reunion
French (official), Creole widely used

Romania
Romanian (official), Hungarian, German

Russia
Russian, other

Rwanda
Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French
(official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in
commercial centers

Saint Helena
English

Saint Kitts and Nevis
English

Saint Lucia
English (official), French patois

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
French (official)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
English, French patois

Samoa
Samoan (Polynesian), English

San Marino
Italian

Sao Tome and Principe
Portuguese (official)

Saudi Arabia
Arabic

Senegal
French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka

Serbia and Montenegro
Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%

Seychelles
English (official), French (official), Creole

Sierra Leone
English (official, regular use limited to literate
minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne
(principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole,
spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled
in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10%
of the population but understood by 95%)

Singapore
Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil
(official), English (official)

Slovakia
Slovak (official), Hungarian

Slovenia
Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 6%, other 3%

Solomon Islands
Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua
franca; English is official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the
population
note: 120 indigenous languages

Somalia
Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English

South Africa
11 official languages, including Afrikaans, English,
Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu

Spain
Castilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%
note: Castilian is the official language nationwide; the other
languages are official regionally

Sri Lanka
Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil
(national language) 18%, other 8%
note: English is commonly used in government and is spoken
competently by about 10% of the population

Sudan
Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of
Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English
note: program of "Arabization" in process

Suriname
Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo
(Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of
Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca
among others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese

Svalbard
Russian, Norwegian

Swaziland
English (official, government business conducted in
English), siSwati (official)

Sweden
Swedish
note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities

Switzerland
German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 19.2%,
Italian (official) 7.6%, Romansch (official) 0.6%, other 8.9%

Syria
Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian
widely understood; French, English somewhat understood

Taiwan
Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects

Tajikistan
Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and
business

Tanzania
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili
in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce,
administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in
Zanzibar), many local languages
note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people
living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili
is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety
of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the
lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of
most people is one of the local languages

Thailand
Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and
regional dialects

Togo
French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina
(the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes
spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the
north)

Tokelau
Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English

Tonga
Tongan, English

Trinidad and Tobago
English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish,
Chinese

Tunisia
Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce),
French (commerce)

Turkey
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek

Turkmenistan
Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%

Turks and Caicos Islands
English (official)

Tuvalu
Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)

Uganda
English (official national language, taught in grade schools,
used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio
broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo
languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital
and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages,
Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic

Ukraine
Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian

United Arab Emirates
Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu

United Kingdom
English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of
Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)

United States
English, Spanish (spoken by a sizable minority)

Uruguay
Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on
the Brazilian frontier)

Uzbekistan
Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

Vanuatu
three official languages: English, French, pidgin (known as
Bislama or Bichelama), plus more than 100 local languages

Venezuela
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects

Vietnam
Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a
second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area
languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)

Virgin Islands
English (official), Spanish, Creole

Wallis and Futuna
French, Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language)

West Bank
Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many
Palestinians), English (widely understood)

Western Sahara
Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic

World
Chinese, Mandarin 14.37%, Hindi 6.02%, English 5.61%, Spanish
5.59%, Bengali 3.4%, Portuguese 2.63%, Russian 2.75%, Japanese
2.06%, German, Standard 1.64%, Korean 1.28%, French 1.27% (2000 est.)
note: percents are for "first language" speakers only

Yemen
Arabic

Zambia
English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi,
Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages

Zimbabwe
English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the
Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal
dialects

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

======================================================================

@2100 Legal system

Afghanistan
the Bonn Agreement calls for a judicial commission to
rebuild the justice system in accordance with Islamic principles,
international standards, the rule of law, and Afghan legal traditions

Albania
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Algeria
socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review
of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of
various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

American Samoa
NA

Andorra
based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review
of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Angola
based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law;
recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased
use of free markets

Anguilla
based on English common law