Chapter XXV: Appendix: To Ctenophora (8)

Earthworm, _Monocystis_ parasitic in, 95
Echinanthidae, _549_
_Echinarachnius_, 548, _549_;
_E. parma_, 542 f., 543, 544, 545, 547;
shape, 542;
sphaeridia, 545;
internal skeleton, 545;
habits, 546;
alimentary canal, 546;
Aristotle's lantern, 546;
tube-feet, 547
_Echinaster_, 439, _462_
Echinasteridae, 455, 458, _462_
Echinating, 217
Echinidae, _539_, 558
Echininae, _539_
_Echinocardium_, _549_;
_E. cordatum_, 549 f., 551, 552;
habitat, 549;
shape, 550;
spines, 550;
sphaeridia, 551;
alimentary canal, 551;
tube-feet, 551;
habits, 552;
stone-canal, 552;
_E. flavescens_, 555;
_E. pennatifidum_, 555
Echinoconidae, _558_
_Echinocyamus_, 548, _549_;
_E. pusillus_, 549
_Echinocystites_, 557
Echinodermata, 425 f.
Echinoid stage in the development of a Holothuroid, 615
Echinoidea, 431, _503_ f.;
compared with Holothuroidea, 560;
with Blastoidea, 580;
mesenchyme of larva, 604;
development of, 607, 608, 609, 613, 614;
phylogeny of, 622
_Echinolampas_, _554_
_Echinometra_, _542_
_Echinomuricea_, _356_
_Echinoneus_, _553_, 553
Echinonidae, _553_
Echinopluteus, 607, 608;
metamorphosis of, 613, 614
_Echinosphaerites_, 598;
_E. aurantium_, 598
Echinothuriidae, 530, 531, 532, _535_, 558, 560
_Echinus_, 533, _539_;
_E. esculentus_, 504 f. 505, 507, 511-515;
locality, 504;
spines, 506;
pedicellariae, 506;
corona, 511;
periproct, 513;
peristome, 513;
alimentary canal, 516;
water-vascular system, 516 f.;
nervous system, 518 f.;
sphaeridia, 524;
perihaemal spaces, 524 f.;
genital system, 528;
blood-system, 529;
larva, 507;
_E. acutus_, 540;
pedicellariae, 509;
_E. alexandri_, pedicellaria, 510;
_E. elegans_, 539, 540;
pedicellariae, 510;
_E. microtuberculatus_, 540;
_E. miliaris_, 540, 542, 549;
_E. norvegicus_, 539, 540
Economic uses of Foraminifera, 69 f.
Ectocoele, 367
Ectoderm, 246
Ectoplasm (= ectosarc), 6, 46 f., 50;
of _Amoeba_, 5;
of Rhizopoda, 51 f.;
of Heliozoa, 71 f.;
of Radiolaria, 79 f. (see also Extracapsular protoplasm);
regeneration of, in Radiolaria, 35;
of _Collozoum inerme_, 76;
of Gregarines, 96 f.;
of Ciliata, 141 f.;
of _Stylonychia_, 140;
of Suctoria, 159;
of _Trachelius ovum_, 153;
of _Vorticella_, 156
_Ectopleura_, 268
Ectosarc—see Ectoplasm
Ectosome, 170
Ectyoninae, _217_
Edrioasteroidea, _580_, _596_
_Edwardsia_, 328, 366, 368, _376_;
_E. allmani_, 377;
_E. beautempsii_, 376, 377;
_E. carnea_, 377;
_E. goodsiri_, 377;
_E. tecta_, 377;
_E. timida_, 376, 377
Edwardsia stage of Zoantharia, 367
Edwardsiidae, _377_
Edwardsiidea, 367, 371, _375_, 395
Egg, fertilised, 31;
of Metazoa, 32 f.;
of bird, 32;
various meanings of, 34;
of affected Silkworm moths transmitters of pébrine, 107
Ehrenberg, on Protozoa, 45 f.;
on skeletons of Radiolaria, 87 f.;
on Ciliata, 146;
on Suctoria, 162
Eimer and Fickert, on classification of Foraminifera, 58 n.
Elasipoda, 569, _571_, 577, 578
Electric, currents, stimulus of, 19, 22;
shock, action on Amoeba, etc., 7
_Eleutheria_, the medusa of _Clavatella_, 265
Eleutheroblastea, _253_
Eleutheroplea, _279_
Eleutherozoa, _430_, 560, 577, 579, 583;
development of, 602 f.;
larva of, 605;
phylogeny of, 621, 622
Elevator muscles of compasses of _Echinus esculentus_, 527
_Ellipsactinia_, 283
Ellis, 167
Embryonic type of development, 601
Encystment, 37, 39;
of animal cells, 37;
of vegetal cells, 37, 39;
growth during, 37;
of zygote, general in Protista, 34;
of Rhizopoda, 57;
temporary, of Rhizopoda, 57 (see also Hypnocyst);
of Heliozoa, 72 f.;
of _Actinophrys_, 72;
of _Actinosphaerium_, 73 f.;
of Proteomyxa, 88, 89
of Myxomycete zoospores, 90 f.;
of Sporozoa, 96 f.;
of zygote of Sporozoa, 95 f.;
of Gregarines, 95 f., 98;
of _Lankesteria_, 95;
of _Monocystis_, 96;
of Coccidiidae, 97 f.;
of _Coccidium_, 100, 101;
of archespore or pansporoblast of Myxosporidiaceae, 107;
of Flagellates, 115, 117 f.;
of zygote of _Bodo saltans_, 117;
of _Opalina_, 123 f.;
of oosperm of Volvocaceae, 127 f., 129 f.;
of Dinoflagellates, 131;
of Ciliata, 147;
of _Colpoda cucullus_, 147, 153
Endocyclica, 529, _530_ f., 556, 559
Endoderm, 246
Endogamy, in _Amoeba coli_, 57;
in _Actinosphaerium_, 73 f., 75 (diagram);
in _Stephanosphaera_, 128
Endogenous budding in Suctoria, 160 f., 162
Endoparasitic Suctoria, 86, 160 f.
Endoplasm (= endosarc, _q.v._), 6
—see also Intracapsular protoplasm (Radiolaria)
Endoral, cilia, 139;
undulating membrane, 139
Endosarc (= endoplasm), 6;
of Gregarines, 95 f.;
branching, of _Noctiluca_, 110, 133;
of _Loxodes_ and _Trachelius_, 144, 153;
of Ciliata, 143 f.;
of _Stylonychia_, 140;
of Suctoria, 161
_Endosphaera_, _159_, 161
Energy, changes of, in living organism, 8, 13;
sources of, 13 f.
Entocnemaria, _394_
Entocoele, 367
_Entosolenia_, 66
Entz, Geza, on Choanoflagellates, 121 n.;
on structure of _Vorticella_, 157 n.
Eocene Foraminifera, 70
_Eolis_ (= _Aeolis_), 248
_Eophiura_, 501
_Eozoon_, 70 n.
Epaulettes, 315
_Epenthesis_, _281_
_Ephelota_, _159_, 160;
_E. bütschliana_, cytological study of, 162
_Ephydatia_, _217_, 225;
_E. fluviatilis_, structure, etc., 174 f., 176, 177, 178, 179
Ephyra, 317
Ephyropsidae, _322_
_Epiactis_ (usually placed in the order Zoanthidea, _404_);
_E. marsupialis_, 379;
_E. prolifera_, 379
_Epibulia_, _308_
Epidemic, of pébrine among Silkworms, 107;
among Fish, due to _Costia necatrix_, 119;
to Myxosporidiaceae, 107;
to _Icthyophtheirius_, 152
—see also Diseases, Fever
_Epigonactis fecunda_, 379
Epimerite of Gregarines, 97, 98 f.
Epineural canal, of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 481;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 515
Epiphysis, of jaw, of _Echinus esculentus_, 526;
of jaws of Diadematidae, 531;
absent in Cidaridae and Arbaciidae, 531
Epiphytic Protozoa, 48
Epiplasm (= cytoplasm of a brood-mother-cell remaining over unused in
brood-formation), 96
_Epistrelophyllum_, _403_
_Epistylis_, _138_, 158;
_E. umbellaria_, nematocysts of, 249
Epitheca, 386
_Epizoanthus_, _406_;
on _Hyalonema_, 204;
_E. glacialis_, infested by Gregarines, 99;
_E. incrustatus_, 406;
_E. paguriphilus_, 406;
_E. stellaris_, 406
Epizoic, Protozoa, 48;
Ciliata, 158;
Suctoria, 158, 162
—see also Symbiosis
Equatorial plate (= the collective chromosomes at the equator of the
spindle in mitosis), 25, 27
Equiangular, 185
_Errina_, 284, _286_;
_E. glabra_, 286;
_E. ramosa_, 286
_Ersaea_, _306_;
_E. picta_, 303
_Esperella_, 225, 231
_Esperiopsis_, 225
Euaster (a true aster in which the actines proceed from a centre,
contrasting with the streptaster), 184
_Eucalyptocrinus_, 596
Eucharidae, _420_
_Eucharis_, _420_;
_E. multicornis_, 416, 418 f., 420
_Enchlora_, _417_
_Eucladia_, _502_
Euclypeastroidea, _549_
Eucopidae, 277, _280_
_Eudendrium_, 269, _270_
_Eudiocrinus_, _594_
_Eudorina_, _111_, 128 f.
_Eudoxia_, _306_;
_E. eschscholtzii_, 303
_Euglena_, _110_;
barotaxy of, 20;
nutrition of, 113;
_E. viridis_, 124
Euglenaceae, _110_, 124;
pellicle of, 113
Euglenoid motion, 124;
of Sporozoa, 50
_Euglypha_, _52_;
in fission, 29;
test, 29, 54
_Eunicea_, _356_;
spicules, 335, 336
_Eunicella_, _356_;
spicules, 335, 336;
_E. cavolini_, 356
_Eupagurus prideauxii_, 378, 381;
_E. bernhardus_, 378
_Eupatagus_, 553
_Euphyllia_, _401_
_Euplectella_, _204_;
_E. aspergillum_ (Venus's Flower-Basket, 197);
_E. imperialis_, 206;
_E. suberea_, 202, 204, 205, 221
_Euplexaura_, _356_
_Euplokamis_, _418_
_Euplotes_, _138_
Eupsammiidae, 402, _404_
_Eurhamphaea_, _419_
Eurhamphaeidae, _419_
Euryalidae, _501_
Eurypylous, 210
_Euspongia_, _221_
_Eutreptia_, _110_;
_E. viridis_, 124
Evacuation of faeces by mouth in _Noctiluca_, 133
Evans, 179 n., 217
Excretion, 13 f.;
in Sponges, 172;
in _Asterias rubens_, 437;
in _Echinus esculentus_, 527, 528;
in _Antedon rosacea_, 587
Excretory, granules, 6;
of Ciliata, 144;
pore of contractile vacuole of Flagellates, 110;
of _Trachelius ovum_, 153
Exogametes of _Trichosphaerium_, 54
Exogamy, 34 n.;
in Rhizopoda, 56 f.;
in Foraminifera, 68 f.
Expansion of Amoeboid cell, 16 f.
Exsert, septa, 398, 399
Extracapsular protoplasm, of Phaeodaria, 76;
of Radiolaria, 79 f. (see also Ectoplasm)
Eye of _Asterias_, 445 f., 446;
of Echinoidea, 512
Eye-spot of coloured Protista, 21, 125 f.

_Fascicularia_, _348_
Fasciole, of _Echinocardium_, 550, 555;
of Spatangoidea, 553;
of _Spatangus_, 553;
of _Eupatagus_, 553;
of Spatangidae, 555
Fats, fatty acids, 15;
in Flagellates, 110, 115;
formation of, 36
Fauré-Fremiet, on attachment of Peritrichaceae, 141 n.
Faurot, 368
_Favia_, 373, _401
Favosites_, _344_
Favositidae, _344_
Feather-star, 581
Feeding, of _Noctiluca_, 133, 144;
of Peritrichaceae, 145
—see also Food
Feeler, of _Holothuria nigra_, 561 f., 566;
of Holothuroidea, 568;
of Dendrochirota, 568, 572;
of Synaptida, 568, 575;
of Molpadiida, 568, 575
Female gamete, 33;
of _Pandorina_, 128 f.;
of Acystosporidae, 104 f.;
of Peritrichaceae, 151, 157
—see also Megagamete, Oosphere
Ferment, required for germination, brood-formation, etc., 32 f.
—see also Zymase
Fermentation, organisms of, 43 f.
Fertilisation, 33 f.;
"chemical," 32 n.
Fertilised egg, 31
—see also Oosperm, Zygote
Fertilising tube of _Chlamydomonas_, 125
Fever, intermittent, malarial, 103 f.;
relapsing, 121;
remittent, 105;
Texas-, Tick, 120;
Trypanosomic, 119 f.
Fewkes, 268 n.
Fibularidae, _549_
_Fibularites_, 559
Fickert, Eimer and, on classification of Foraminifera, 58 n.
_Ficulina_, _219_, 224, 230;
_F. ficus_, 219
Filoplasmodieae, _90_ f.
Filopodia, 47 n.
Filosa, 29, _50_, _52_ f.;
resemblance to Allogromidiaceae, 59
Finger, 580;
of Cystoidea, 597;
of Blastoidea, 599, 600
Firestone of Delitzet contains fossil _Peridinium_, 132
Fischer, on fixing reagents, 11;
on structure of flagellum, 114
Fish, rheotaxy of, 21;
epidemics of, due to Myxosporidiaceae, 107;
to _Costia necatrix_, 119;
to _Ichthyophtheirius_, 152
Fission, 10, 23 f.;
equal, 10;
Spencerian, 23;
multiple, 30 f. (see also Brood-division);
of Heliozoa, 72 f.;
of Radiolaria, 84 f.;
radial, in Volvocaceae, 110;
transverse, in Craspedomonadidae, 115 n.;
longitudinal and transverse, of _Bodo saltans_, 117;
of _Opalina_, 123;
of Euglenaceae, 124;
of _Eutreptia viridis_, 124;
of _Noctiluca_, 133;
of Ciliata, 147 f.;
of _Stentor polymorphus_, 156;
of Vorticellidae, 157 f.
—see also Bud-fission
Fissiparantes, 387, _400_
Fixing protoplasm, 15
_Flabellum_, 375, 386, _398_;
protandry of, 370
Flagella, flagellum, 17 f., 47;
of Protozoa, 47;
formed by altered pseudopodia in _Microgromia_, 60;
of Heliozoa, 73;
of sperms of Coccidiidae, 102;
of Acystosporidae, 105;
of Flagellata, 109, 114 f.;
of Trichonymphidae, 114;
Delage on mechanism of, 114 n.;
of _Bodo saltans_, 117;
of _Trypanosoma_, 121;
of Euglenaceae, 124 f.;
of _Maupasia_, 124;
of _Eutreptia viridis_, 124;
of _Sphaerella_, 126;
of Dinoflagellata, 130, 131;
of _Peridinium_, 131;
of _Polykrikos_, 132;
of _Noctiluca_, 132, 133 f.
—see also Sarcoflagellum
Flagellar pit, in Flagellates, 110, 124 f.
Flagellata, 17 f., 40, 48 f., _50_, _109_ f.;
barotaxy of, 20;
galvanotaxy of, 22;
chemiotaxy of, 23;
nutrition of, 40, 113;
of putrefying liquids, 44, 116 f.;
studied by botanists, 45;
as internal parasites, 48, 119 f.;
relations with Acystosporidae, 106;
shell of, 113;
stalk of, 113;
life-history of, 116 f.;
literature of, 119;
saprophytic, 119 f.
Flagellate stage, of Sarcodina, 56 f., 60, 109;
of Heliozoa, 74;
of Radiolaria, 85 f.
—see also Flagellula
Flagellated chamber, 170
Flagellula, 31;
of Proteomyxa, 88, 89;
of Myxomycetes, 91, 92;
of _Didymium_, 92
—see also Zoospores
Flagellum—see Flagella
Fleming, 168 n.
Flexible Corals, 326
Flint, 219, 241
Floricome, 203
Floscelle, of _Echinocardium cordatum_, 551;
of Cassidulidae, 554
Flowering plants, male cells of, 38
Flowers of tan (= _Fuligo varians_), 92 f.;
peptic ferment in, 16
Foam structure, 6
_Folliculina_, _137_;
tube of, 152
Food, 35 f. (see also Ingestion);
of Higher Animals, 38;
absorption of, by Plants, 38;
in relation to life-cycle of Ciliata, 147 f.;
of Sponges, 237;
of _Hydra_, 256 and n.;
of _Millepora_, 261;
of Siphonophora, 304;
of _Charybdea_, 319;
of _Alcyonium_, 339;
of Zoantharia, 373;
of _Asterias rubens_, 439;
of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 486;
of Ophiolepididae, 496;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 516;
of _Echinarachnius parma_, 546;
of _Echinocardium cordatum_, 552;
of _Holothuria nigra_, 561;
of Dendrochirota, 572;
of _Synapta inhaerens_, 577;
of _Antedon rosacea_, 583
Food-vacuole, of _Actinosphaerium eichornii_, 72;
of Ciliata, 145 f.;
of _Carchesium_, 146
Foot-plate, of young Pentacrinidae, 592;
of larva of _Antedon rosacea_, 619
Foraminifera, 40, 49, _50_, _58_ f.;
relations of, 49;
shell of, 49, 59 f., 60, 61, 63, 65;
habitat of, 59 f.;
literature of, 58 n.;
marine, 60 f.;
nuclei of, 62, 67 f.;
nutrition of, 40, 62;
streaming of granules in, 17;
chromidia of, 62, 68 f.;
collection of, 62;
dimorphism of, 66, 67;
reproduction of, 67 f.;
economic uses of, 69 f.;
palaeontology of, 69 f.
Forbes, 338
Force, dual, of dividing-cell, 26 n.
_Forcepia_, 223
Forceps, 222
Forcipulata, _462_, _473_ f.
Forcipulate pedicellaria, 456, 473
Formative vacuole of contractile vacuole, in Flagellata, 110, 115;
in Ciliata, 143
Fossil, Foraminifera, 69 f.;
Radiolaria, 87 f.;
Dinoflagellata, 132;
_Peridinium_, 132;
Sponges, 192 f., 207 f., 215, 241;
Coelenterates, 270, 281 f., 343 f., 346, 393 f., 406;
Asteroidea, 475 f.;
Ophiuroidea, 501 f.;
Echinoidea, 556 f.;
Crinoidea, 594 f.;
Thecoidea, 596;
Carpoidea, 596 f.;
Cystoidea, 597 f.;
Blastoidea, 599 f.
Fowler, 293 n., 382, 400, 404
Framboesia, 121 n.
France, epidemic of pébrine in, 107
Francé, on structure of funnel of Choanoflagellates, 115 n., 121 n.;
monograph of Choanoflagellates, 123, 182 n.;
on Polytomeae, 119 n.
Freetown, prophylaxis of malaria at, 106
Fringing reef, 390 f.
Frog's blood, _Lankesterella_ in, 102
_Frondicularia_, _59_, 63
Fructification, of Mycetozoa, 90 f.;
of Acrasieae, 90;
of Myxomycetes, 49, 91 f.
Fry, E. and A., on Myxomycetes, 93 n.
_Fuligo_, _90_;
_F. varians_, 92 f.;
pepsin in, 16
Fungacea, _402_
Fungi, cell connexions in, 37 f.;
in relation to Protista, 40;
Gasteromycetous, 91
_Fungia_, _403_;
asexual reproduction of, 388, 389;
_F. crassitentaculata_, 403
Fungiidae, _403_
_Funiculina_, 359, _362_;
_F. quadrangularis_, 362
Funiculinidae, _362_
Funnel, of Craspedomonadidae or Choanoflagellates, 111, 121, 122, 182;
of Phalausteridae, 111;
of choanocytes of Sponges, 171
Fusion of larval Sponges, 174
Fusion-nucleus of Ciliata, 150
—see also Reproduction, Syngamy, Zygotonucleus
_Fusulina_, _59_

_Galaxea_, _400_;
_G. esperi_, 400
_Galeolaria_, _307_;
_G. biloba_, 304
Galeolarinae, _307_
_Galerites_, _558_
Gamble, 312 n.;
and Keeble, 175 n.
Gametes, 33 f.;
of _Trichosphaerium_, 54;
of certain Protomastigaceae, 116 n.;
of Volvocidae, 127 f.;
of _Pandorina_ (of three sizes), 128, 129
Gametocyte of Acystosporidae, 104 f.
Gametogonium (= parent-cell of gametes), male, of Acystosporidae, 105
Gametonuclei (= nuclei capable of syngamous fusion), 34
_Ganeria_, _464_
Ganeriidae, 454, _464_
Gardiner, 345, 370, 375, 392 n., 404
_Garveia_, _270_
Gasteromycetous fungi, 91
Gastral layer, 171
Gastralia, 201
Gastropores, 257, 258
Gastrozooids, of _Millepora_, 259, 260;
of _Hydractinia_, 264;
of Siphonophora, 299;
of Antipatharia, 408
Gastrula, definition of, 603
Gaule, misinterpretation of nature of Haemosporidae, 102
Gegenbaur, 302
_Gellius_ _217_, 223;
_G. varius_, development, 172 f., 173, 174
Gemmantes, _400_
_Gemmaria_, _405_
Gemination = Budding, _q.v._
Gemmiform, pedicellariae, of _Echinus esculentus_, 506;
of _E. acutus_, 509;
of _E. elegans_, 510;
of Cidaridae, 534;
of _Echinarachnius parma_, 544;
of _Echinocardium cordatum_, 550
Gemmule, 177, 178, 179, 230
Generation, spontaneous, 42 f.
Generations, alternation of, 44, 250
Genital base of _Holothuria nigra_, 567
Genital bursa, of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 485
compared with hydrospires of Blastoidea, 600
Genital canal of _Antedon rosacea_, 586
Genital organs (including ducts), of _Asterias rubens_, 451 f.;
of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 490;
of _Ophiarachna_, 491;
of Ophiuroidea, 494;
of _Amphiura squamata_, 494;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 528;
of _Echinocardium cordatum_, 552;
of _Hemiaster philippi_, 552;
of _Holothuria nigra_, 567;
of _Antedon rosacea_, 586
Genital plate, of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 485;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 512, 513
Genital rachis, of _Asterias rubens_, 452;
of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 490;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 528;
of _Antedon rosacea_, 586
Genital scale of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 485
Genital stolon, of _Asterias rubens_, 451;
of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 489;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 528;
of _Holothuria nigra_, 567;
of _Antedon rosacea_, 585, 586;
of larva of _A. rosacea_, 619
_Geodia_, 211
Geographical distribution of Protozoa, 47
Geotaxy (= barotaxy), 20
_Gephyra dohrnii_, _382_, 408
Gephyrea, 577
Gerarde, 167
_Gerardia savalia_, _406_
_Gerbillus indicus_ infested by a Haemosporidian, 102 n.
Germinal spot (= nucleole of ovum), 7
Germinal vesicle (= nucleus of ovum), 7
Germination, 32;
of Myxosporidian spores, 107
Germ-plasm, 28 f.;
continuity of, 172
Germ theory, 44
Germs, invisible air-borne, 43
_Geryonia_, 290, _295_
Gilchrist, 338
Gill of _Echinus_, 514, 527
Gill-cleft, of _Echinus_, 514;
of _Sphaerechinus_, 540 f.;
of _Strongylocentrotus_, 541
_Ginkgo_, spermatozoa of, 38
_Glaucoma_, _137_, 153;
_G. scintillans_, rate of fission of, 147 f.
Glauconite, 70
_Globiceps_, 272
Globiferae of _Centrostephanus longispinosus_, 532
_Globigerina_, 59, 63, 242;
spines of, 61, 66;
-ooze, 61 f.;
_G. bulloides_, 68, 69
_Glossina morsitans_, intermediate host of _Trypanosoma brucei_, 119;
_G. palpalis_, intermediate host of _T. gambiense_, 120
_Glossograptus_, _282_
Glycerin, 15
Glycogen, of Ciliata, 144;
-vesicles of _Pelomyxa palustris_, 53
Gnat (_Anopheles_), intermediate host of _Haemamoeba_ and _Laverania_,
103 f.;
(_Culex_) intermediate host of _Haemoproteus_, 103;
of _Trypanosoma_, 120
Golgi, on relation of Acystosporidian life-cycle and stages of
intermittent fever, 103
_Gonactinia_, 371, 372, _377_
Gonangium, 276
_Goniaster_, _471_;
fossil, 475
_Goniastraea_, 375, _401_
_Goniocidaris_, _534_;
_G. canaliculata_, 535
_Gonionema_, 288, _291_;
_G. murbachii_, 232, 290, 291, 292
_Gonium_, _111_
Gonophore, of Gymnoblastea, 265;
of Calyptoblastea, 277;
of Stylasterina, 284;
of Siphonophora, 302
Gonotheca, 276, 281
Gonozooids, of Siphonophora, 302;
of Antipatharia, 408
Gorgonacea, _350_ f.
_Gorgonella_, _357_;
spicule, 336
Gorgonellidae, 337, _357_
_Gorgonia_, _356_;
_G. cavolinii_, 340;
_G. flabellum_, 357;
_G. verrucosa_, 356
Gorgoniidae, 334, 337, _356_
_Gorgonocephalus_, 491, _501_
Gosse, 273
Goto, 291, 293;
on development of Bipinnaria, 612
_Grammaria_, _278_
_Granatocrinus_, _599_;
_G. norwoodi_, 600
Grant, 167
Grantiidae, _192_
_Grantiopsis_, 191
Granular disintegration of Protista, 14 f.
Granules, in protoplasm, 6;
excretory, 6, 144;
aleurone, 37;
basal, of cilia, etc., 138 n., 141 (see also Blepharoplast);
proteid, of Suctoria, 161
Graphiohexaster, 203
Graptolitoidea, _281_
Grassi, on malarial parasites, 103
Gravity, stimulus of, 19 f.
Greasy film, outer clear layer of protoplasm behaves like, 17
Greeff, on Protozoa, 46
Green Flagellates, relations of, 48
Greensand, 70;
Cambridge, 208
Green water often due to _Euglena viridis_, 124
Greenwood, M., on peptic digestion in Protozoa, 16;
on feeding of _Carchesium polypinum_, 45 f., 146 f.
_Gregarina_, _97_, 98, 99;
_G. blattarum_, 98
Gregarines, habitat, 99;
syngamy, 99
Gregarinidaceae, 95 f., _97_ f.
Gregory, 346
Grew, 166
Grey chalk, 61
_Gromia_, _52_;
_G. oviformis_, 59 n.
—see also _Allogromia_
Grooves, longitudinal and transverse, of Dinoflagellata, 110, 130, 131,
132;
of _Peridinium_, 131;
of _Polykrikos_, 132;
oral, of _Noctiluca_, 133
Grosvenor, 249 n.
Growth, 19 f.;
Spencer's limit of, 23, 31
Gruber, on regeneration in Protozoa, 35 n.;
on diffused nucleus in marine Ciliata, 144 n.;
on tubicolous marine Ciliata, 152
Gruppe, deposit of Radiolaria, 87
Guinea Coast, 106
Gullet (= pharynx) of _Paramecium caudatum_, 151
Gut, supposed, of Ciliata, 145
—see also Alimentary canal
Gutter, oral, of Vorticellidae, 156, 158
Gymnamoebae, 51 n.
Gymnasteridae, _471_
Gymnoblastea, _262_ f.
_Gymnodinium_, _110_;
_G. pulvisculus_, parasitic in _Appendicularia_, 132
Gymnomyxa, 49 n.
_Gymnophrys_, _58_
_Gymnosphaera_, _70_, 73
Gymnostomaceae, _137_;
predaceous, trichocysts of, 143;
mouth and pharynx of, 145;
noteworthy members of, 152
_Gyractis_, _380_

Häcker, on skeleton of Radiolaria, 82 n.
Haddon, 382
Haeckel, 168, 185, 192, 237, 308;
on Monera, 4 n., 89 n.;
on Protista, 40 f.;
on Protozoa, 46;
on Heliozoa, 71;
on classification of Radiolaria, 76;
on functions of porocone in Radiolaria, 81;
on enumeration of Radiolaria, 87 f.;
on _Myxobrachia_, 83;
on Sponges, 168, 192;
on phylogeny of Echinodermata, 622
_Haeckeliana_, _79_, 85
_Haemamoeba_, _97_, 103 f.;
_H. malariae_, parasite of quartan fever, 104 f.;
_H. vivax_, parasite of tertian fever, 104 f.
Haematochrome, 125
_Haematococcus_ (= _Sphaerella_, _111_), 125, 126
Haemoflagellates (= _Trypanosoma_, etc., _q.v._), 119 n.
Haemoglobin, 103;
in water-vascular system of _Ophiactis virens_, 499
_Haemogregarina_, _97_
_Haemomenas_ (Ross's name for parasite of pernicious fever = _Laverania_,
_97_), 105
_Haemoproteus_, _97_;
parasitic in birds, 103
Haemosporidae, _97_, 102
_Haimea hyalina_, _342_;
_H. funebris_, 342.
Haimeidae, _342_
_Halcampa_, 366, _380_;
_H. chrysanthellum_, 380
Halcampidae, 375, _380_
_Halecium_, 277, _280_
_Haleremita_, _256_
_Halicalyx_, _291_
_Halichondria_, _217_, 223;
_H. panicea_, structure, etc., 168 f., 169, 170, 211
Halichondrina, 216, _217_
_Haliclystus_, 320, _321_;
_H. auricula_, 320
_Halicnemia_, _216_, 224
_Haliomma_, _77_
_Haliphysema_, _59_
_Halisarca_, _196_, 225
_Halomitra_, _404_
_Halteria_, _137_, 152, 155
_Halteridium_, _97_;
sexual fusion in, 103, 105;
regarded by Schaudinn as a state of _Trypanosoma_, 103 n., 120
_Hamacantha_, 223
Hamann, on supposed cavities in the body-wall of Asteroidea, 449;
on classification of Zygophiurae, 495 n.
Hanitsch, 168 n.
_Hapalocarcinus_, 402
Hardy, on structure of protoplasm and clearing, 11, 12 n.
_Hartea elegans_, _342_
Hartlaub, 269 n., 274, 297 n.
Hartog, on Protozoa, 1 f.;
on structure of protoplasm, living and dead, 11;
on function of contractile vacuole, 15 n.;
on intracellular digestion, 16;
on brood-division (multiple cell-division), 16 n.;
on dual force of dividing cell, 26 n.;
on syngamy, etc., 34 n.;
and Dixon, on pepsin in _Pelomyxa_, 16
Harvey, "omne vivum ex ovo," 42
_Hastigerina_, _59_, 66
_Hauerina_, _59_
Heart, of _Asterias rubens_, 450
Heart-urchins = Spatangoidea, _q.v._
Heat—see Temperature
Heat-rigor, 22
_Heleopera_, _52_;
test of, 55
_Heliaster_, _474_
Heliasteridae, 453, 454, _474_
_Heliolites_, _346_
Heliolitidae, _346_
_Heliopora_, 330, 334, 337, _345_ f.
Helioporidae, _346_
Heliozoa, _50_, _70_ f.;
streaming of granules, 17;
regeneration, 35;
habitat, 48;
locomotion, 73;
various forms of, 74;
marine, 75;
distribution of, 75;
resemblance of Suctoria to, 159
_Hemiaster_, _556_;
_H. philippi_, 552, 555, 602, 603
Hemichordata, 616
Henneguy, on protoplasm, 3 n.;
on syngamy, 34 n.
_Henneguya_, _98_
_Henricia_—see _Cribrella_
Hérouard, Delage and, on Protozoa, 46
_Herpetolitha_, _404_
_Herpetomonas_, 115
Hertwig, R., on Protozoa, 46;
on chromidia in Sarcodina, 52 n.;
on Heliozoa, 71;
on Radiolaria, 88;
on Suctoria, 161 n., 162
Heteractinellida, _208_
_Heterastridium_, _283_
_Heterocentrotus_, 532, _542_
Heterocoela, _187_ f.
_Heterophrys_, _71_
Heteropidae, _192_
Heterotrichaceae, _137_, 153 f.;
fission of, 147
_Heteroxenia_, 333, 335, _348_
Hexactine (a triaxon in which all six actines are developed), 184
Hexactinellida, 194, 195, _197_ f., 228, 240
_Hexadella_, _196_
_Hexamitus_, 115
Hexaster (a hexactine with secondary or terminal rays = Carter's
"rosette"), 203
Hexasterophora, _203_ f.
Hickson, on interchange of cytoplasm in conjugating Infusoria, 149 n.;
on conjugation in Suctoria, 161 f.;
on Coelenterata, 243 f.;
on _Millepora_, 259 n.;
on Stylasterina, 286 n.;
on Alcyonaria, 329 n., 351 n., 352 n., 359 n.;
on Antipatharia, 408 n.;
on Ctenophora, 412 f.
Hieronymus on _Chlamydomyxa_, 90 n.
Hincks, 268 n.
Hinde, 193, 207
_Hippasterias_, _471_
_Hippopodius_, _307_
_Hippospongia_, _221_
Holectypoidea, _558_
Holophytic, Algae and Fungi, zoospores of, 5;
nutrition, 37;
Flagellates, 113
Holopodidae, _592_
_Holopus_, 588, 589, _594_
_Holothuria_, _570_;
_H. nigra_, 561 f.;
shape, 561;
feelers, 561;
body-wall, 562;
alimentary canal, 562;
respiratory trees, 563;
water-vascular system, 564;
nervous system, 566;
calcareous ring, 566;
blood system, 567;
genital organs, 567;
_H. cinerascens_, 567;
_H. fusco-rubra_, 567;
_H. aspera_, 570;
_H. intestinalis_, 570;
_H. tremula_, 570
Holothuroidea, 431, 537, _560_ f., 583;
mesenchyme of larva, 604;
development of, 609, 614, 615;
phylogeny of, 622
Holotrypasta (= Porulosa), _76_
Holozoic, 35 f.;
Flagellates, 113;
Dinoflagellates, 131
Holt, 311 n.;
on burrowing habits of _Strongylocentrotus lividus_, 541 n.
Homaxonic (= symmetrical about a centre along an indefinite number of
equivalent axes), 76
Homocoela, _185_ f.
_Homoeonema_, _294_
_Homostichanthus anemone_, _383_
Honey-bees, alleged spontaneous generation of, 42
_Hormiphora_, _418_;
_H. plumosa_, 413
Human diseases, produced by Coccidiaceae, 102 f.;
by _Amoeba histolytica_, 57;
by Trypanosomids, 119 f.
Huxley, on Protozoa, 45;
first description of a living Radiolarian, 88;
on Cystoflagellates, 135
_Hyalonema_, 203, _204_;
_H. sieboldi_, 206;
_H. thomsoni_, 204, 221
_Hyalopus_, _52_;
_H. dujardini_, 59 n.
_Hyalosphenia_, _52_;
_H. lata_, 55
_Hyboclypus_, _558_;
_H. gibberulus_, 558
_Hybocodon_ (Corymorphidae, _273_), 265
_Hydatina senta_, often found with _Euglena viridis_, 124
_Hydra_, _253_ f., 255;
nematocysts of, 247;
species of, 256;
specific gravity of, 13 n.;
host of _Kerona_ and _Trichodina_, 158;
_Zoochlorella_ in, 126, 256;
_H. oligactis_ (= _fusca_), 253, 256;
_H. pallida_, 256 n.;
_H. viridis_, 253, 256;
_H. vulgaris_, (= _grisea_), 253, 256;
nematocyst, 247
_Hydractinia_, 263, 265, 268, _270_
_Hydrallmania falcata_, _278_
_Hydrichthys mirus_, 268
Hydroceratinidae, _279_
Hydrocladia, 276
Hydrocoel (including left hydrocoel), 428;
of _Antedon rosacea_, 585;
development of, 608 f., 609;
development in _Asterina gibbosa_, 611;
in Auricularia, 615;
in _Antedon rosacea_, 619
_Hydroctena salenskii_, _423_, 424
Hydrolaridae, _273_
Hydrophyllium, 297, 300
Hydrorhiza, 262
Hydrosome, 250, 251
Hydrospire, of Blastoidea, 580, 599;
of _Codaster_, 599;
of _Pentremites_, 599;
of _Granatocrinus_, 599 f.
Hydrotheca, 275
Hydrozoa, _249_ f.;
hydrosome, 250;
life-history, 250;
medusome, 250, 251 f.;
sense-organs, 252
_Hydrurus_, _110_;
theca of, 113
_Hymedesmia_, 222
_Hymenaster_, _466_;
_H. pellucidus_, 465
_Hymeniacidon_, 224
_Hymeraphia_, 223
Hyocrinidae, _590_
_Hyocrinus_, 588, 589, _590_, 590;
_H. bethellianus_, 590
_Hyperia_ (Amphipod), parasitic in Radiolaria, 87
_Hyphalaster_, _471_;
_H. moseri_, 459
Hypnocyst, of Rhizopoda, 57;
of Proteomyxa, 88 f.;
of _Pseudospora_, 89;
of Myxomycetes, 90 f.
_Hypolytus peregrinus_, 262, _271_ n.
Hypophare, 210
Hypostome, 250
Hypotrichaceae, _137_, 138 f., 158 n.

_Ianthella_, _220_
_Ichthyophtheirius_, _137_;
noxious parasite of fish, 152
_Iciligorgia_, _351_
Idioplasm, 29
Ijima, 199, 206, 231, 234
_Ileonema_, _137_, 152
_Ilyanthus mitchellii_, _380_
_Ilyodaemon_, _571_, 572;
_I. maculatus_, 571
Imperforate, Foraminifera, _58_ f.;
Corals, 371
Inadunata, _595_
Incurrent canal, 170
India, diseases of Trypanosomic origin, 119 f.
Induction shocks, action on Protozoa, 7, 22
Infero-marginal ossicle of Asteroidea, 436
Inflammation, 8
Infra-basal plate, of Crinoidea, 588;
of fossil Crinoidea, 594;
of larval _Antedon rosacea_, 619
Infundibulum, 415
Infusions, appearance of organisms in, 42 f.;
organisms of, 136
Infusoria, 40, 48, _50_, 136 f.;
specific gravity of, 13 n.;
zygote does not encyst, 34.
Ingestion, of food, by _Amoeba limax_, 9;
by Choanoflagellates, 122;
by Dinoflagellates, 131;
by _Carchesium_, 146;
by _Coleps_, 150
—vacuole of, in Flagellates, 113;
in _Oikomonas_, 112;
in Choanoflagellates, 122
Inner perihaemal ring-canal, of _Asterias rubens_, 448;
development of, in _Asterina gibbosa_, 612
Inoculation of malarial fever in man through a mosquito, 105 f.
Insectivorous plants, 38
Insects, metamorphoses of, 44;
as hosts of Trichonymphidae, 123
Interambulacral area, of _Echinarachnius parma_, 544;
of _Echinocardium cordatum_, 550
Interambulacral plate, of _Echinus esculentus_, 511;
of Cidaridae, 533 f.;
of _Echinarachnius parma_, 544 f.
Interbrachial septa—see Interradial septa
Interchanges between cell and medium, 14
Intermediate dorsal process of ciliated band of Auricularia, 608
Intermediate (= supplemental) skeleton of Perforate Foraminiferal shell,
63, 66
Intermittent fever, malarial, produced by Acystosporidae, 103 f.
Internal budding of Suctoria, 160 f., 162;
of _Ephydatia_, 177
Internal gills—see Stewart's organs
Internal movements of protoplasm, 17
Interradial plates, of calcareous ring of _Holothuria nigra_, 566;
of Holothuroidea, 569;
of Synaptida, 569;
of Dendrochirota, 569;
of calyx of Crinoidea, 589;
of _Thaumatocrinus_, 589;
of _Hyocrinus_, 590;
of Rhizocrinidae, 591;
of corona of Echinoidea—see Interambulacral plate
Interradial septa, of _Asterias rubens_, 437;
of Heliasteridae, 474;
absent in Brisingidae, 475
Interradius, 428;
of _Asterias rubens_, 434;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 504;
of _Holothuria nigra_, 562
Interstitial growth, 10
Intestine, 415;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 516;
of _Holothuria nigra_, 563;
of _Antedon rosacea_, 583;
of _Actinometra_, 589;
of Dipleurula, 605;
of Protocoelomata, 616
Intracapsular protoplasm of Radiolaria, 80 f.
Intramolecular respiration, 14 n.
Intranuclear spindle of _Euylypha_, 29
Invertebrata, hosts of Gregarines, 97 f.
Iodine, 239
_Iophon_, 223
_Iridogorgia_, _355_
_Isaurus_, _405_
_Ischadites_, _207_
Ischikawa, on syngamy of Cystoflagellates, 135;
on structure of _Ephelota_, 162
Isidae, 337, _353_
_Isidella_, _354_
_Isis_, _353_
Ismailia, prophylaxis of malaria at, 106
Isochela (a chela divisible by each of two planes into two equal parts,
the two ends being equally developed), 222
_Isocrinus_—see _Pentacrinus_
Isogamy, 33 f.;
of Rhizopoda, 56 f.;
of _Stephanosphaera_, 128
—see also Syngamy
Isospores, 85;
of Radiolaria, 76;
of _Collozoum inerme_, 76

Jaekel, on Silurian Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea, 501;
on classification of Crinoidea, 589, 595;
on classification of Cystoidea, 598
James-Clark, on Protozoa, 46;
on Choanoflagellates, 121, 123;
on Sponges, 167
Jaw, of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 482;
of fossil Ophiuroidea, 502;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 526
Jelly, forming theca in Flagellates, 113
Jelly-fish, 249, 297, 323
Jennings, on protoplasmic movements, 4 n., 16 n.;
reaction of Protista to repellent stimuli, 20 n., 21 n.
Jensen, on density of living protoplasm, 13 n.;
on protoplasmic movements, 16 n.
Joblot, on organisms of putrefaction, 43;
on Protozoa, 45
_Joenia_, _111_
Johnson, 352 n.
_Juncella_, 330, 335, _357_
Jung, 253 n.
Jungersen, 359 n.

Karyogamy, 34 n.
—see also Syngamy of Ciliata
Karyokinesis, 25, 26, 27;
function of, 28 f.;
of micronuclei of Ciliata, 144 f.
—see also Mitosis
_Karyolysus_, _97_
Karyosome, 24
Keeble, 175 n.
Keller, 233
Kemna, on stylopodium of Foraminifera, 60
Kent, Saville, on Choanoflagellates, 122 f., 182;
on Infusoria and Flagellates, 136 n.
_Keroeides_, _351_
_Kerona_, _138_;
_K. polyporum_, 158 n.
Kieselguhr, 87
Kirkpatrick, 215
Kishinouye, 313 n., 321 n., 333, 352
Klebs, on Flagellates, 119;
on Dinoflagellates, 130
Koch, von, on methods of cultivation of lower organisms, 44;
on malarial parasites, 103
Kölliker, on Sporozoa, 94 f.
_Kophobelemnon_, _362_
Kophobelemnonidae, _362_
Köppen, on _Sticholonche_ and its parasite, _Amoebophrya_, 87 n.
_Korethraster_, 453, _463_
Kowalevsky, 341, 422
Krukenberg, on pepsin in a Myxomycete, 16
Kükenthal, 363

Labbé, on Protozoa, 45;
monograph of Sporozoa, 102 n.
Labial plexus of _Antedon rosacea_, 587
Labyrinthine shell-wall of arenaceous Foraminifera, 59, 66
_Labyrinthula_, _90_ f.
Lachmann, Claparède and, on Protozoa, 45;
on Suctoria, 162
_Lacrymaria_, _137_, 152 n.;
encystment, 147
_Lafoea_, _280_;
_L. dumosa_, 280
_Lafoëina_ (Campanulariidae, _280_), 277
_Laganum_, 548, _549_
_Lagena_, _59_, 63, 66 f.;
fossil, 70
Lagenaceae, _59_
Lagoon, 390 f.
_Lamblia_, _111_;
_L. intestinalis_, conjugation, 116 n.
_Lampetia_, _418_
Lancet-plate, 599
Lang, on syngamy, etc., 34 n.;
on Protozoa, 46;
on distinctions of pseudopodia, 47 n.
Lankester, on Protozoa, 45 f.;
on classification of Protozoa, 49 n.;
on Proteomyxa, 89;
on Sporozoa, 94;
on Haemosporidae, 102;
on pigment of _Stentor coeruleus_, 154 n.;
on _Torquatella_, 155 n.;
on chlorophyll of _Ephydatia_, 175;
on _Limnocodium_, 292
_Lankesterella_, _97_, 102
_Lankesteria_, _97_;
_L. ascidiae_, life-cycle of, 95
Lantern-coelom of _Echinus esculentus_, 524;
represented by buccal sinus of _Holothuria nigra_, 566
_Lanuginella pupa_, 198
_Lar_, _273_;
_L. sabellarum_, 266, 267, 268
Larcoidea, _77_
Larva, of sponges, 180, 226, 227;
"asexual," 228;
of _Tubularia_, 271;
of Stylasterina, 284;
of Trachomedusae, 290;
of Narcomedusae, 295;
of _Velella_, 302;
of Scyphozoa, 317;
of Alcyonaria, 341;
of _Renilla_, 360;
of Zoantharia, 373;
of Zoanthidae, 405;
of Cerianthidea, 411;
of Ctenophora, 416, 419;
of _Cribrella_, 462;
of _Luidia_, 605;
of _Asterina gibbosa_, 463, 610, 611, 612;
of Ophiuroidea, 606;
of _Echinus_, 607;
of _Synapta_, 608;
of _Antedon rosacea_, 618, 619, 620
Larval brain, of Echinopluteus, 607;
of _Antedon rosacea_, 619
Larval type of development, 601
Lateral mouth-shields of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 485
Lauterborn, on sapropelic organisms, 48;
on budding in Rhizopods, 56 n.
Laveran, on Sporozoa, 94;
on Acystosporidae, 102
_Laverania_, _97_;
parasite of bilious or pernicious fever, 104 f.
_Lebrunia_, _382_;
_L. coralligens_, 373
_Lecqueureusia_, _52_;
_L. spiralis_, test of, 55
Lee, A. Bolles, on action of clearing reagents, 11 n.
Leech, host of _Haemogregarina_, for sexual process, 102
Leeuwenhoek, on organisms of putrefaction, 42 f.
Léger, on Protozoa, 45;
on Sporozoa, 94;
on sperms of _Pterocephalus_, 99 n.;
and Duboscq, on _Sarcocystis tenella_, 108 n.
Leidy, on Protozoa, 46
_Leiopathes_, 368, _409_
Leiopathidae, _409_
_Leiosella_, 225
Leipoldt, on the madreporic vesicle of Echinoidea, 528
_Lelapia australis_, _192_
_Lembadion_, _137_;
caudal cilia of, 141 n.
_Lembus_, _137_;
caudal cilia of, 141 n.
_Lemnalia_, _349_
Lendenfeld, von, 218, 220, 220 n.
_Lepidogorgia_, _355_
Leptobrachiidae, _325_
_Leptodiscus_, _110_, 132, 134
_Leptogonaster_, 456, _467_
_Leptogorgia_, 340, _357_
_Leptopenus_, _404_
_Leptophyllia_, _404_
Lesser, Hertwig and, on Heliozoa, 71
_Lesueuria_, _419_
Lesueuriidae, _419_
_Leucandra_, 191, _192_, 209, 221
_Leucilla_, _191_, 191
Leucin, 15
Leuckart, 245
Leucocyte, 4 f.;
movements of, 7 f.
_Leucophrys_, _137_
Leucosin, 115
_Leucosolenia_, 221;
collar-cell, 186;
larva, 227 f.;
spicule, 232;
_L. botryoides_, buds, 228, 229
Leucosoleniidae, _185_ f.
Levander, on _Caenomorpha_, _Metopus_, etc., 154 n.
_Leydenia_, _90_ f.
Liberation of sporozoites of Acystosporidian parasite in relation to fits
of fever, 103
Lice, supposed spontaneous generation of, 42
Lichen compared to Radiolarian with symbiotic holophytic organisms, 86
_Lichnophora_, _138_;
adoral wreath, 138 n.
Lieb, Calkins and, on rhythm in life-cycle of Ciliata, 148 n.
Lieberkühn, 167, 178, 237 n.
_Lieberkühnia_, _59_, 61
Life-cycle, life-history, of _Trichosphaerium sieboldi_, 54, 56;
of Polythalamic Foraminifera, 67 f.;
of _Lankesteria ascidiae_, 95 f.;
of _Coccidium schubergi_, 99 f., 101;
of malarial parasites, 103, 104 f.;
of Flagellata, 116 f.;
of Ciliata, 147 f.
Light, stimulus of, 19, 21 f.;
function of, in carbohydrate formation, 36;
effect on Euglena, 125
Lillie, on regeneration in Protozoa, 35 n.
Limicolous Protozoa, 48
Limit of growth, Herbert Spencer's, 23 f., 31
_Limnocnida_, _293_;
_L. tanganyicae_, 293
_Limnocodium_, _293_;
_L. sowerbyi_, 292
_Linantha_, _322_
_Linckia_, 459, _471_
Linckiidae, 461, _471_
Lindström, 346
_Linerges_ (allied to Atollidae, _322_), 316
Linin, 6, 24 f.;
of ovum of Sea-urchin, 7
_Linuche_, _322_
_Lionotus_, _137_, 152 n.
Lipochrome, 39
_Liriantha appendiculata_, 291, _295_
_Liriope_, 288, 290, _295_;
_L. rosacea_, 289
_Lissodendoryx_, 224
_Lissomyxilla_, 225
Lister, A., on Myxomycetes, 93 n.
Lister, J. J., on Foraminifera—reproduction, 67 f.;
dimorphism, 67;
palaeontology, 70;
classification, 58 f.;
on _Astrosclera_, 194 n.
Lithistida, 194, _212_, _215_
_Lithobius forficatus_, host of _Coccidium schubergi_, 99
_Lithocercus_, _78_;
_L. annularis_, 82
Lithoninae, _193_ f.
_Lithostrotion_, _394_
Littoral Protozoa, 48
_Lituaria_, _364_
_Lituola_, _59_
Lituolidaceae, _59_
Living beings, characters of, 16 f.;
criterion of, 11
_Lizzia_, 265, _270_
Lobata, 414, 416, _418_ f.
_Lobophytum_, 333, 347, _349_
Lobopodia, 47 n.
Locomotion, in Heliozoa, 73
Loeb, Jacques, on "chemical" fertilisation, 32 n.;
on polarity in regeneration, 229 f.
_Loftusia_, _59_, 70, _283_
Lohmann, on Silicoflagellates, 114 n.
Loisel, 237, 238
Longitudinal band of cilia of Dipleurula, 604;
of Tornaria, 616
Longitudinal fission of _Eutreptia viridis_, 124;
of Flagellates, 109, 115;
of _Bodo saltans_, 117 f.;
of Craspedomonadidae, 122
Longitudinal flagellum and groove in Dinoflagellata, 130, 131
Longitudinal section, of a young Asteroid, 445;
of a young Ophiuroid, 486;
of a Holothuroid, 563;
of _Antedon_, 584;
of free-swimming larva of _Antedon_, 618
_Lophocalyx philippensis_, 229
_Lophoctenia_, _418_
_Lophohelia_, _399_;
_L. prolifera_, _399_
_Lophomonas_, _111_, 123
Lophophore, 579
_Lophophyllum_, _406_ f.
Louse, host for sexual process, etc., of Haemosporidian, 102 n.
_Loxodes_, _137_, 144, 152 n.
_Loxophyllum_, _137_, 152
_Lucernaria_, 320, _321_;
_L. campanulata_, 321
Lucernariidae, _320_
Ludwig, on the blood-system of Asteroidea, 449;
on the axial sinus of Ophiuroidea, 487;
on the classification of Holothuroidea, 570
Lühe, figures of _Lankesteria_, 95
_Luidia_, _467_ f., 471, 477;
fossil, 475;
larva of _L. ciliaris_, 605
Luminosity or phosphorescence of sea, due to Cystoflagellata, 132, 134
f.;
to Dinoflagellata, 132
Lunule, 548
_Lychnorhiza_, _325_
Lychnorhizidae, _325_
_Lytocarpus_ (Plumulariidae, _279_), 277

Maas, 168, 189 n., 228 n., 230, 231 n., 232 n., 233, 324
MacBride, E. W., on Echinodermata, 425 f.
MacBride, Massee, on Myxomycetes, 93 n.
MacCallum, on malarial parasites, 103
M'Dougall, on motile reaction of Protozoa, 19 n.
M'Intosh, 370 n.
MacMunn, 169
Macrocnemic, 405
Macrocneminae, _405_
Macrogonidia of _Volvox_, 126, 127
Macro-, prefix misused to mean "large," usually replaced here by "mega,"
_q.v._
_Madrepora_, 368, 373, 387, 389, _395_;
_M._ forma _cervicornis_, 395;
_M._ forma _palmata_, 395;
_M._ forma _prolifera_, 395
Madreporaria, 369, 371, _384_ f.
Madrepores, 326 = Madreporaria, _q.v._
Madreporic vesicle (or right hydrocoel) of _Asterias rubens_, 448;
of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 490;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 528;
development in Dipleurula, 609
Madreporidae, _395_
Madreporite, 428;
of _Asterias rubens_, 434;
of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 487;
of Ophiuroidea, 493;
of Cladophiurae, 493;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 512, 517;
of _Echinocardium cordatum_, 562;
of _Holothuria tubulosa_, 564;
of Elasipoda, 571;
of Pelagothuriida, 572;
in older fossil Pelmatozoa, 583;
in _Thecocystis sacculus_, 596
_Magosphaera_, _89_
Maidenhair tree, spermatozoa of, 38
_Malacogorgia_, 334, _357_
Malarial fever produced by Acystosporidae, 103 f.
Mal de Caderas (= falling sickness of cattle), 119
Male gamete, 33;
motile in Lower Plants, Higher Cryptogams, Cycads, and _Ginkgo_, 38;
of _Pandorina_, 128 f.;
of _Eudorina_, 129;
of Peritrichaceae, 151
—see also Sperm, Spermatozoon
Malignant tumour, associated with _Leydenia_, 91
Mammals, syngamy in, 34;
contain Sarcosporidiaceae in muscles, 108
Man, host of _Amoeba_, 57;
of Coccidiaceae, 102 f.;
of _Sarcocystis tenella_, 108 n.;
of _Trichomonas vaginalis_, 119;
of Trypanosomes, 119 f.;
of the Ciliata _Nyctotherus_ and _Balantidium_, 152
_Manicina_ (Fam. Astraeidae, _399_), 373;
_M. areolata_, 370, 389
Mann, on function of nucleus, 24 n.
Manson, on relation of Filarial disease to gnats or mosquitos, 103
Manson, the subject of inoculation experiments with malarial parasites,
106
Manubrium, 251
_Margelis ramosa_, _269_
_Margelopsis_, _270_, 274 f.
Marginal, anchors, 320;
cirrhi, 139 f.
_Marginaster_, _464_
Marine, Foraminifera, 60 f.;
Heliozoa, 75
Marrow, red, of bones, habitat of resting states of malarial parasites,
106 n.
Marshall, on amphidiscs, 179
Marshall, on Pennatulacea, 359 n.;
on the physiology of the nervous system of _Antedon rosacea_, 585
Marsigli, 167
_Marsupifer valdiviae_, 379
_Marsupites_, 588
_Maryna_, _137_;
_M. socialis_, tube, 152
Massee, on Myxomycetes, 93 n.
_Mastigamoeba_, _109_, 112
Mastigophora (Bütschli's name for Flagellata), 109
_Mastigophrys_, _71_, _75_ n.
Maturation of schizont of Acystosporidian parasite in relation to
fever-fit, 103
Maupas, on Protozoa, 45;
on life-cycle of Ciliata, 147 f.
_Maupasia_, _111_, 124
Mayer, 312
_Meandrina_, 388, _401_;
_M. labyrinthica_, 370
Mechanical stimuli, 19 f.
Median dorsal process of ciliated band of Bipinnaria, 606
Medium gametes in _Pandorina_, 128 f.
Medusa, 250;
of _Millepora_, 259 f.;
of Gymnoblastea, 262 f.;
of Calyptoblastea, 277 f.;
in Trachomedusae, 288 f.;
in Narcomedusae, 295 f.;
fresh-water, 292 f.;
of Siphonophora, 302, 309;
in Scyphozoa, 310 f.
Medusome, 250, 251, 252
Megagamete, 33;
see also Female gamete, Oosphere
_Megalactis griffithsi_, _384_
Megalosphere, megalospheric, 67 f.
Megamastictora, _183_, 184 f.
Meganucleus, 136, 139 f., 144, 149 f.;
degeneration of, in conjugation, 148 f.;
new formation of, in conjugation, 148, 151;
of _Stylonychia mytilus_, 139 f.;
of _Carchesium_, 146;
of _Paramecium caudatum_, 148, 151;
of _Trachelius ovum_, 153;
of _Stentor_, 154;
of _S. polymorphus_, 156;
of Suctoria, 160 f., 162;
conjugation of, in _Dendrocometes_, 161
Megazooid of _Vorticella_, 157
Megazoospores, 85
Meissner, on classification of Spatangoidea, 554 n.
Melanin, 103
_Melitodes_, 333, _351_, 353;
_M. chamaeleon_, 338;
_M. dichotoma_, 338, 351
Melitodidae, 337, _351_
_Mellita_, 548, _549_
_Melobesia_, 422
Melonitidae, _557_
Membrana reticularis, 199, 200
Membrane, undulating, of Flagellata, 110, 115, 123;
of _Trypanosoma_, 115;
of Trichonymphidae, 123;
of Ciliata, 137, 139 f., 145, 156 f.;
of _Stylonychia mytilus_, 139;
of _Pleuronema_, 145;
of _P. chrysalis_, 153, 154;
of _Caenomorpha uniserialis_, 155;
of _Vorticella_, 156, 157
Membranella, 137, 139 f., 145;
of _Stylonychia mytilus_, 139 f.;
of _Metopus sigmoides_, 154;
of _Caenomorpha uniserialis_, 155;
of _Vorticella_, 156
Meresjkowsky, 238, 274
_Merozoite_, 97;
of _Coccidium schubergi_, 99 f., 101;
of Haemosporidae, 102;
of Acystosporidae, 103, 104 f.
_Mertensia_, _417_;
_M. ovum_, 417;
stage of Lobata and Cestoidea, 414
Mertensiidae, _417_
Mesenchyme, 604
Mesenteric filaments, Alcyonaria, 331, 333;
Zoantharia, 369
Mesenteries, of Alcyonaria, 329, 334;
of Zoantharia, 329, 366 f., 368;
of _Asterias rubens_, 439;
of _Holothuria nigra_, 562;
of _Antedon rosacea_, 585, 586
Mesnil, on Sporozoa, 94;
Caullery and, on Actinomyxidiaceae, 98 n.
_Mesodinium_, _137_, 152
Mesogloea, 246;
of Alcyonaria, 330
Metabolic, metabolism, 13
Metacnemes, 367
_Metacrinus_, 588, _591_
_Metallogorgia_, _355_
Metamorphosis, of Insects, 44;
of Dipleurula, 610 f.
Metamp, 168, 169
Metaphytes, 41
—see also Plants, Higher
Metazoa, 40 f.;
rheotaxy of, 21;
origin of, from Protozoa, 40 f.;
flagellate sperms of, 109;
hosts of Polymastigidae, 111
—see also Animals, Higher
Method of study of the life-cycle, of organisms of putrefaction, etc.,
44;
of Flagellata, 116;
of Ciliata, 147
_Metopus_, _137_;
_M. pyriformis_, 154;
_M. sigmoides_, 154
_Metridium_, _381_ (= _Actinoloba_, _q.v._)
Metschnikoff, 167, 178, 237 n., 296
Microbes, 44
_Microciona_, 225
Microgamete, 33;
of certain Coccidiaceae, 101
—see also Sperm, Spermatozoon
_Microgromia socialis_, _59_ f., 60
_Microhydra_, _256_
Micromastictora, _183_, _195_ f.
Micronuclei, micronucleus, 136, 139, 144 f., 148 f., 151 f., 155, 157,
159, 160 f.;
of certain Flagellata, a blepharoplast, 109 n.;
relations of Trypanosomic blepharoplast to, 121;
of _Stylonychia mytilus_, 139;
of _Paramecium caudatum_, 148, 151;
in conjugation, 148 f.;
numerous, of _Stentor_, 154;
of _Vorticella_, 157;
of Suctoria, 160 f.;
of _Podophrya_, 160;
of _Acineta jolyi_, 160
Micropyle, 230
Microscleres, 176
_Microsolena_, _404_
Microsphere, microspheric, 67 f.
Microzooid of _Vorticella_, 157
Microzoospores, 85
Miescher's tubes, 108
Migratory pairing nucleus, 149 f.;
of Peritrichaceae, 151 f.
_Miliola (Quinqueloculina)_, 65
Miliolidaceae, _59_
_Miliolina_, _59_, 66, 70
_Milleporina_, _257_ f., 258, 260, 282;
nematocysts of, 247, 259
Milleporina, _257_
Mimicry among Gymnostomaceous Ciliata, 152 n.
Minchin, on Sporozoa, 94 f.;
on Sponges, 168, 172 n., 185, 186 n., 227 n., 232, 316 n.
Minnows prey on _Anopheles_, 106
_Minous inermis_, 268
Minyadidae, 328, 366, 377, _383_
Miserly cells, 32 f.
_Mithrodia_, _464_
Mithrodiidae, _464_
Mitosis, 25, 26, 27 f.;
functions of, 28 f.;
of micronuclei in Ciliata, 144
Mitrophanow, on trichocysts, 142 n.
_Mitrophyes_, _306_
Miyajima, 273
_Mnemia_, _420_
Mnemiidae, _420_
_Mnemiopsis_, _420_
_Mnestra_ (position undetermined), 269
Mohl, von, on protoplasm, 3
Mole-cricket, host of _Lophomonas_, 123
Molluscs, hosts of Gregarines, 98
Molluscum contagiosum, 102
Molpadiida, 568, 569, _575_, 576, 577, 578
Monacanthid, 457
Monadidae, _111_
Monadineae, applied to Proteomyxa by Cienkowsky and Zopf, 89
Monads, a name for the lowest, simplest Flagellata, 109, 116 n.
_Monas_, _111_, 119;
_M. dallingeri_, gametes of, 116 n.
Monaxon, 183, 184, 232
Monaxonic (= symmetrical about one single axis), 76
Monaxonida, _211_, _216_ f.
Moniliform meganucleus of _Stentor_, 156
Monobrachiidae, _274_
_Monobrachium_, _274_
_Monocaulus_, 263, _273_;
_M. imperator_, 269, 273
Monocyclica, 594
_Monocystis_, _97_ f.
_Monograptus_, _282_
_Monophyes_, 303, _306_
Monophyidae, _306_
Monoprionidae, _282_
Monopylaea (= Nassellaria), _76_
_Monorhaphis_, _197_
_Monosiga_, _111_, 122
Monosiphonic, 275
Monotrypasta (= Osculosa), _76_
_Monoxenia darwinii_, _342_
Monstrous Foraminiferal shells, possible formation of, 69
_Montipora_, 390, 396
Moore, 293
_Mopsea_, _353_
Morgan, on regeneration, 35 n.
Morphological contrast of Animals and Plants, 38 f.
Mortensen, on classificatory value of pedicellariae, 532;
on classification of Cidaridae, 534;
of Echinothuriidae, 536
Moseley, 258, 333, 338, 345, 411
Mosquito (= gnat), 103 f.;
dappled-wing-, intermediate hosts of Acystosporidae, 103
Mosquito-netting, a prophylactic against malarial fever, 103
Moss-dwelling Protozoa, 48
Mosser, F., 418 n.
Motile organs, 17 f.
Motile reactions of Protozoa, 19 f.
Motility, 9
Motion, ciliary, 18;
gliding, of protoplasm, 47 n.
Moulting of cuticle or cell-wall in Dinoflagellata, 130;
of _Dendrocometes_, 161
Mouth, of Flagellata, 113;
absent from Opalinidae, 123;
of _Maupasia_, 124;
excreta expelled by, in _Noctiluca_, 133;
of Ciliata, 137, 145 f.;
of Gymnostomaceae, 137, 143, 145, 152;
of _Stylonychia mytilus_, 139 f.;
of _Dysteria_, 145;
of _Pleuronema_, 145;
of _P. chrysalis_, 153;
of _Paramecium caudatum_, 148, 151;
trichocysts of, in Gymnostomaceae, 143;
of _Trachelius ovum_, 153
Mouth-angle of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 482
Mouth-frame, of Asteroidea, 436, 483;
of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 482;
of Ophiuroidea, 483, 492 f.;
of _Ophiarachna incrassata_, 484;
of _Ophiacantha_, 492;
of _Ophioscolex_, 492;
of _Ophiothrix_, 492
Mouth-papilla, of Ophiuroidea, 483, 492;
of _Ophiocoma_, 493
Movements, amoeboid, 5 f., 125 n.;
of Protista, 16 f.;
of Higher Plants, how produced, 38;
springing, of _Bodo saltans_, 114;
of _Euglena_, 124 f.;
euglenoid, 125 f.;
metabolic, 125 n.;
of Sporozoa, 125 n.;
of _Stylonychia_, 138;
springing, of tailed Ciliata, 141 n.;
of _Halteria_, 155;
of Suctorian tentacles, 159 f.
_Muggiaea_, _306_;
_M. atlantica_, 304;
_M. kochii_, 303
Müller, J., on recognition of Echinoid larva, 518;
on the name Pluteus, 607
Müller, O. F., on Protozoa, 45
_Multicilia_, _109_
Multinucleate Amoeba (_Pelomyxa_), 16;
Protozoa, regeneration of, 35
Multiple budding, in Suctoria, 160 f.
Multiple fission, 30 f.
—see also Brood-division
Murbach, 248 n., 288
_Muricea_, _356_
Muriceidae, 330, _355_
Muscle of _Vorticella_, 157
Muscle-cell, 19
Muscular contraction, physical explanation of, 19
—see also Myonemes
_Mussa_, _401_
Mycetozoa (= Myxomycetes, _q.v._), _50_, _90_ f.;
in relation to Fungi, 40;
studied by botanists, 45;
relations of, 49
Myocyte, 96, 98
Myonemes, 19, 96;
of _Trypanosoma_, 120 f.
of _Stylonychia_, 140;
of Ciliata, 142;
of _Vorticella_, 157
Myophrisks, 80
_Myriophrys_, _71_
_Myriothela_, 269, _274_
Myriothelidae, _274_
_Myxaster_, _466_
Myxasteridae, _464_
_Myxastrum_, _70_, 73
_Myxidium_, _98_;
_M. lieberkühnii_, 107
_Myxilla_, 225
_Myxobolus_, _98_;
spores of, 107
_Myxobrachia_, 83
Myxogasteres, Myxogastres, _90_ f.
Myxoidea, _89_
Myxomycetes, _90_ f.;
rheotaxy of plasmodium in, 21
—see also Mycetozoa
Myxospongiae, _196_
Myxosporidiaceae, _98_, 106 f.;
spores, 107

Nagana disease of hoofed quadrupeds, 119
Naked Protozoa, 51 n.
Narcomedusae, 288, _295_ f.
_Nardoa_, 455, 456, _471_
Nassellaria, _76_, _78_;
skeleton of, 83;
geological occurrence of, 88
Nassoidea, _78_
_Nausithoe_, _322_;
Scyphistoma of (= _Spongicola fistularis_), 317;
_N. punctate_, 322;
_N. rubra_, 322
Nectocalyces, 297, 298, 305
Needham on spontaneous generation, 43
Nematocyst, 246 f., 247;
of Actinomyxidiaceae, 98;
of Myxosporidiaceae, 98, 107;
of _Myxobolus mülleri_, 107;
of _Polykrikos_, 131, 249;
of _Epistylis_, 249;
of _Aeolis_, 248;
of _Hydra_, 247;
of _Millepora_, 247, 259;
of Siphonophora, 300;
of Scyphozoa, 312;
of _Alcyonium_, 247;
of _Sarcophytum_, 248;
of _Cerianthus_, 247
Nematodes parasitic in blood, 103
Nematophores, 277
Nemocera (= gnats or mosquitos), 103 n.
_Neohelia_, _399_
_Neolampas_, _554_
Neosporidia, _97_, 106
_Nephthya_, 341, _349_
Nephthyidae, _349_
Neresheimer, on neurophane fibrils in Ciliata, 143 n.
Nerve-ring, of _Asterias rubens_, 444, 447;
of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 488;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 518, 521, 527;
of _Antedon rosacea_, 583;
outer, of _A. rosacea_, 585
Nervous fibrils in Ciliata, 143
Nervous system, in Animals, not in Plants, 39 f.;
of _Asterias rubens_, 444 f.;
of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 488;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 518 f.;
of _Holothuria nigra_, 566;
of _Antedon rosacea_, 583 f.
Neuron, 444
Neurophane (= supposed nervous fibrils in Ciliata), 143 n.
Newts, _Trichodina_ parasitic in, 158
Nitriles in relation to nutrition, 36
_Noctiluca_, _110_, 132 f.;
endosarc, 144;
_N. miliaris_, 133
_Nodosaria_, _59_, 63, 66 f.
_Nosema_, _98_;
_N. bombycis_, 107;
organism of pébrine, 107
_Nubecularia_, _59_
Nuclear apparatus, of Infusoria, 48, 136;
of Ciliata, 139 f., 144 f.;
of diffused granules, in marine Ciliata, 144 n.;
of Suctoria, 159
—bipartition in _Trichosphaerium_, 54
—reduction of _Actinosphaerium_, 75 n.;
of _Monocystis_, 96;
of Coccidiaceae, 100, 104 f.;
of Acystosporidae, 104 f.;
of Myxosporidiaceae, 107;
of Flagellates, 116 n.
—divisions, in spores of _Lankesteria_, 95
—see also Mitosis, Karyokinesis
_Nuclearia_, _70_
Nuclein mass (= karyosome), 24
Nucleinic acid, 7 n.
Nucleole, nucleolus, 7, 24, 25 f., 27;
of Sea-urchin ovum, 7;
of _Sphaerella_, 126
Nucleolidae, _554_
_Nudeolites_, _554_
Nucleoplasm, 6
Nucleoproteids, 12
Nucleus, 6;
of cell, 6 f.;
of _Amoeba_, 5 f.;
of _A. polypodia_, 10;
resting, function of, 24 n
—in mitosis, 25 f., 27 f.;
—of _Euglypha_, 29;
of _Paramecium caudatum_, 148
—pairing state of, 34;
of Ciliata, 150 f.;
of _Paramecium caudatum_, 148
—of Rhizopods, 52;
of _Pelomyxa_, 52;
of _Microgromia socialis_, 60;
of Foraminifera, 62;
of mega- and microspheric forms of Foraminifera, 68 f.;
of Heliozoa, 71, 72, 74;
of _Clathrulina_, 74;
of Radiolaria, 76;
of _Collozoum inerme_, 76;
of Myxomycetes, 92;
of Sporozoa, 95 f.;
of Gregarines, 95 f., 98 f.;
of _Bodo saltans_, 117;
kineto-, of _Trypanosoma noctuae_, 120, 121;
trophic, of _T. noctuae_, 120;
of Choanoflagellates, 122;
of _Opalina_, 123;
of _Maupasia_, 124;
of _Sphaerella_, 126;
of _Volvox_, 126;
of _Noctiluca_, 133
—fusion- or zygote-, 150;
of _Paramecium caudatum_, 148
—see also Meganucleus, Micronucleus, Gametonuclei, Nuclear apparatus
Nuda, _423_
Nummulitaceae, _59_
_Nummulites_, _59_, 63, 70
Nussbaum, on regeneration in Protozoa, 35 n.;
on _Hydra_, 254
Nutrition, 9;
animal and vegetal, 35 f.;
of Flagellates, 110 f., 113;
of Dinoflagellates, 130 f.—see Holozoic, Holophytic, Saprophytic
—of Alcyonaria, 339
Nutritive function of granular cytoplasm of muscle-cell, 19
Nuttall, history of discoveries on Acystosporidae, 103
Nutting, 276, 280 n.
_Nyctotherus_, _137_;
habitat of, 152

_Obelia_, _280_
_Oceanapia_, 223
Ocellus, 252
Octactine, 200
Octactinellida, _208_
_Octotremacis_, _346_
Ocular plate of _Echinus esculentus_, 512
_Oculina_, _399_
Oculinidae, _399_
_Ocyroe_, _420_;
_O. crystallina_, 419
Ocyroidae, _420_
_Odinia_, _474_, 475
Oecology of Protista, 43
Oesophagus, of _Asterias rubens_, 438;
of _Echinus esculentus_, 516;
of _Holothuria nigra_, 562;
of _Antedon rosacea_, 583;
of Dipleurula, 605
Ogilvie, M., 401 n.
Oikomonadidae, _111_
_Oikomonas_, _111_, 112
Oil-drops, of Radiolaria, 79 f.;
luminous, 80
Oil-globules, 37;
of Ciliata, 144
Oleocyst, 305
Oligotrichaceae, _137_, 155
_Olindias_, _291_;
_O. mülleri_, 291
Olindiidae, 289, _291_
_Olindioides_, _291_;
_O. formosa_, 291
Olynthus, 185
Omne vivum, ex ovo, 42;
ex vivo, 44
Onychaster, 203
_Onychaster_, 502
Oocyte (a cell which by unequal divisions or mere nuclear divisions
becomes converted into an oosphere), 100
Oogamete of Coccidiaceae, 100 f.
Ookinete (_active zygote_) or oosperm, of Acystosporidae, 104 f.;
of _Trypanosoma noctuae_, 120
Oolitic limestones, nucleus of concretions of, 70
Oosperm, 34;
of Sporozoa, 96 f.;
of _Volvox globator_, 127 f.
Oosphere, 31;
formation of, in Metazoa, 75 n.;
of Gregarinidaceae, 99, 100;
of Coccidiaceae, 100 f.;
of Acystosporidae, 104 f.
Oospore (= zygotospore), from bisexual syngamy, 100;
of _Volvox globator_, 127 f.
Ooze, _Globigerina_, 61;
Radiolarian, 87
Oozooid, 358
_Opalina_, _111_;
galvanotaxy, 22;
ciliiform flagella, 114;
species, 124 n.;
nuclei, 144 n.;
systematic position of, 144 n., 145 n.;
_O. ranarum_, 123
Opalinidae, _111_, 123 f.
Opalinopsidae, 145 n.
_Opercularia_, _138_, 158
Operculum of central capsule of Phaeodaria, 76, 82
_Ophiacantha_, 492, _499_;
mouth-frame, 492;
_O. chelys_, 499
_Ophiactis_, _498_;
_O. balli_, 498;
_O. virens_, 491, 498
_Ophiarachna_, 481, _499_
Ophicephalous pedicellariae, of _Echinus esculentus_, 508;
of _E. acutus_, 509;
of _E. elegans_, 510;
absent in Cidaridae, 534;
of _Echinarachnius parma_, 544
_Ophidiaster_, _471_
_Ophiocoma_, 493, _499_;
_O. nigra_, 499
Ophiocomidae, _499_
Ophiodermatidae, 495 n.
_Ophiodes_, 277, _280_
_Ophiogeron_, _494_
_Ophioglypha_—see _Ophiura_
_Ophiohelus_, 481, 491, _494_;
_O. umbella_, skeleton, 493
Ophiolepididae, _495_
_Ophiomusium_, _497_;
_O. pulchellum_, 497, 498
_Ophiomyxa_, 493, _494_;
_O. pentagona_, 494
_Ophiopholis_, 491, _499_;
_O. aculeata_, 499
Ophiopluteus, 606, 608;
metamorphosis of, 613
_Ophiopsila_, _499_
_Ophiopteron_, 492, _500_
_Ophiopyrgus_, 493, _497_
_Ophioscolex_, mouth-frame, 492
_Ophioteresis_, 481, 491, _494_
_Ophiothrix_, 493, _499_;
mouth-frame, 492;
_O. fragilis (pentaphyllum)_, 478, 479;
arm of, 479;
vertebra, 480, 491;
podia, 479;
mouth-frame, 482;
disc, 484;
genital bursa and respiratory movements, 485;
alimentary canal, 485;
water-vascular system, 486;
axial sinus, 487;
perihaemal spaces, 488;
nervous system, 488;
genital organs, 489
_Ophiura (Ophioglypha)_, _496_;
_O. albida_, 497;
_O. bullata_, 495, 496;
_O. ciliaris_, 485 n., 497
Ophiuroidea (Brittle Stars), _431_, _477_ f., 561;
mesenchyme of larva, 604;
development of, 606, 606, 608, 613;
phylogeny, 622
_Ophlitaspongia_, 225
_Ophrydium_, _138_, 158
_Ophryocystis_, _97_
_Oplorhiza_ (Campanulariidae, _280_), 277
_Oractis_, _377_
Oral apparatus, of Ciliata, its atrophy and regeneration during
conjugation, 151
Oral blood-ring, of _Asterias rubens_, 450;
of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 488;
of _Holothuria nigra_, 567
Oral cleft or groove of _Noctiluca_, 132 f.
Oral coelom of _Antedon rosacea_, 585
Oral plates, of Crinoidea, 588;
of _Thaumatocrinus_, 589;
of _Hyocrinus_, 588, 590;
of _Holopus_, 588, 592;
of _Rhizocrinus_, 589, 591;
absent in adult _Antedon_, 589;
of Rhizocrinidae, 590, 591;
of _Bathycrinus_, 591;
of Cystoidea, 598;
of Blastoidea, 599;
of young _Antedon rosacea_, 619
Oral spots of Protomastigaceae, 110
Oral valves, of _Antedon rosacea_, 581;
of young _A. rosacea_, 619
_Orbicella_, 373, 375, _400_
_Orbiculina_, _59_, 66
Orbigny, A. d', on Foraminifera, 62
_Orbitoides_, _59_
_Orbitolites_, _59_, 66;
pylomes, 64;
dimorphism, 67;
monstrous shell, 69
_Orbulina_, _59_, 66;
_O. universa_, 68
_Orbulinella_, habitat, 75
Organ-pipe Coral, 343
Organella, 44 n.
Organic compounds, their function in nutrition, 35 f.
Organoid, 44 n.
Oriental sore, 121
Ornamentation of shell-wall in Foraminifera, 66
_Oscarella_, _196_, 213, 225;
_A. lobularis_, 230
Osculosa (Monotrypasta), _76_
Osculum, of Radiolaria, 76;
of _Phaeodaria_, 76, 82;
of Sponges, 169, 171, 174, 188, 189
Ossicles of Holothuroidea, 569
Ostium, 169
Otocysts, of Elasipoda, 571;
of Synaptida, 576
Outer perihaemal ring, of _Asterias rubens_, 448;
development of, in _Asterina gibbosa_, 612;
represented by lantern-coelom of _Echinus esculentus_, 524;
by buccal sinus of _Holothuria nigra_, 566
Ovary of gnat infected by _Trypanosoma_ germs, 120
Ovoid gland of _Ophiothrix fragilis_, 489
Ovum of Sea-urchin, 7;
of _Sarcocystis tenella_, 108 n.;
of _Volvox globator_, 127 f.
—see also Oosphere, Oosperm, Egg
Owl, blood parasites of, 120
Oxea, 183, 224
Oxyaster (an aster with a small centrum and oxeate actines), 222
_Oxytricha_, _138_
Oxytylote (a rhabdus of which one actine is oxeate, the other tylote or
knobbed, the latter directed towards the surface of the Sponge), 224